Disruptive Innovation

L’avvento della sharing economy ha rivoluzionato molti servizi proponendo modalità che fuoriescono dagli schemi legislativi. Al centro del dibattito degli ultimi anni vi è il trasporto pubblico non di linea, il quale si trova a dover subire la concorrenza di Uber. Ma questo servizio innovativo è fortemente ostacolato da una legge ormai obsoleta che disciplina il trasporto non di linea e che descrive un regime di riserva statale che chiude il mercato ai soli tassisti. In questo lavoro si cercherà di evidenziare le carenze di tale regime al fine di individuare uno spiraglio per il servizio di mobilità prestato da Uber. Per questo si analizzerà il funzionamento della disciplina del trasporto non di linea, ci si interrogherà sulla necessità dell’apposizione della riserva in tale settore, si individueranno i problemi che l’apertura a Uber arreca alla collettività e si considererà una possibile risoluzione ai contrasti. L’analisi delle condizioni della riserva statale sanciti nella Costituzione e le risposte alle medesime problematiche provenienti da altri Stati, suggeriscono una possibile alternativa agli schemi fissi dell’ ordinamento italiano. Questo induce a riconsiderare i tradizionalismi della materia del trasporto pubblico non di linea e a svincolarsi dalla rigidità di schemi rigorosi

This paper reflects on the innovative research methods of the Digital Economy funded TOTeM (Tales of Things and electronic Memory) project and its engagement with two primary sectors: high street charity retail, and museums. The interdisciplinary three-year project is concerned with the study of applications of personal and social memories in the emerging culture of the Internet of Things. In 2010 TOTeM launched its public tagging service 'Tales of Things' which is based on the use of two-dimensional barcodes (QR Codes) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to enable the capturing and sharing of stories and memories and linking of them to any object via read and writable tags. Since the launch of the web platform in 2010 (www.talesofthings.com) and its accompanying Android and iPhone applications, the technology has found a home through the disruption of two distinct sectors. The first was developed through a series of iterations with the UK based charity Oxfa...

In response to societal grand challenges, professors have unique opportunities to be changemakers, repurposing their expertise to deploy relevant, timely, practical, and research-backed knowledge for the betterment of communities. Drawing on scholarship on post-crisis organizing, entrepreneurial hustle and social entrepreneurship, we provide a first-hand, real-time case description of a three-day Virtual Idea Blitz organized in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The event was organized and executed in less than a week and ultimately involved 200 individuals including entrepreneurs, coders, medical doctors, venture capitalists, industry professionals, students and professors from around the world. By the end of the weekend, 21 ideas with corresponding pitches were developed in five thematic areas (health needs, education, small businesses, community, and purchasing). We describe how the community was rapidly rallied, and discuss the key learning outcomes of this spontaneous entrepreneurial endeavor. We provide evidence from participants and mentors that showcase the value of the time-compressed Virtual Idea Blitz in accelerating social entrepreneurial action. We offer practical guidance to academic, community and professional institutions who would like to replicate and/or build upon our approach to stimulate the formation of community and coordinating efforts to thwart the ongoing threat of COVID-19, as well as other societal challenges that might emerge in the future.

Proceedings paper in conjunction with the opening keynote address on the 2019 conference theme of Global Digital Society: Impacts on Humanities and Social Sciences. The topic of disruptive technology and our calling suited the author's background in online education and international faculty development. The author has also worked for the impact to go the other way, from the Humanities and Social Sciences to new technologies, which tend to be rudderless or even dangerous unless guided by ethics and, in education, pedagogy. Thus the paper recommends interdisciplinarity and outlines the history of e-learning.

The paper aims at building a model, which measures the company’s innovative leadership. Currently some innovation indices exist, but all of them evaluate innovativeness on a macro level and not on company’s one. The necessity of such a model results from the lack of any kind of assessment method that could help companies to evaluate their own innovation efforts, performance and capabilities. Furthermore, the country innovation performance depends very much on companies’ innovation activities and currently no method exists for boosting and properly evaluating companies’ innovation performance and potentials. In order to distinguish the difference between the company’s leadership and the company’s innovative leadership, a model for measuring the companies’ leadership is developed first in this paper. After that a model for company’s innovative leadership is developed. By using this technic, both models could be used for measuring the company’s leadership in comparison with the same company’s innovative leadership. The model could be applied as well as a summary of some best practices in the company’s innovative leadership. It represents a well-balanced model for innovation development and performance. However, the main target of the model is to analyze and measure the companies’ innovative leadership and to compare different companies on that specific criterion. The model could be used as a company innovative leadership index as well after its appliance on some particular industrial sectors or regions.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic (Jaihah) that brings hardships (Haraj). This has affected all aspects of our life. The United Nations Development Programme reported that uncertainties due to this global pandemic are manifold. Under a 'High Damage' scenario, the world could see a staggering 251 million people driven into extreme poverty by the pandemic, bringing the total number to one billion by 2030. The Singapore government had made swift and comprehensive response by forming multi-ministry task force and galvanise various organisations, at all levels, including faith-based institutions to manage and address the multiple challenges in hands. This paper highlight the 3Rs approach adopted by the government through their policies, measures and actions on various aspects of sustainability including climate and social changes and how the rest of the stakeholders come together for greater impact, with specific focus on the response from the Muslim community.

Nabil Harfoush drills down to focus specifically on business modeling for new innovations. He shows how to develop and evaluate several alternative business models, identify and pursue the most promising combinations, and then develop detailed business plans that widen your strategy options and offer higher ROI potential. Along the way, he introduces techniques that promote collaboration across various business lines, helping you overcome obstacles and inefficiencies that often slow down the process of taking innovations to market.

 The Nordic healthcare model is recognized to be one of the most innovative in the world. Here billions of USD are annually invested in developing new treatments, drugs, robots etc. to diagnose and cure diseases. Nevertheless, this study establishes that there is a fundamental shortcoming in the system that supports healthcare innovation: It is strongly biased towards micro-level innovation projects focusing on new products, alternative processes, and new financial solutions. The problem with this approach to support new projects is that the results are created as inventions within the system thus lacking holistic perspectives. This has consequently contributed with increasing costs that are out of proportion with existing budgets. Therefore this study seeks to analyze the current understanding of the Nordic healthcare system from a business model perspective. Here other aspects of the healthcare system are explored to determine if they could be redesigned to promote new types of innovation projects. The purpose of undertaking this task is to challenge the established patterns of the current healthcare innovation support practices. Here the vertical innovation process (VIP) framework, which is a systematic radical innovation model that seeks macro-level outcomes based on standalone inventions (see more below), is applied to analyze the current state-of-the-art in Nordic healthcare innovation projects. The results determine that very little attention is given to rethink and redesign the healthcare system at a macro-level, and it is discussed that stand-alone inventions ought to be rethought into the entire healthcare system to create a larger impact. Finally, it is argued that existing performance measures are inappropriate to foster projects that innovate the existing system: New measuring points should be developed to promote macro-level projects and to avoid the current rapid increase of costs in the Nordic healthcare system.

The purpose of this opinion article is to extend the discussion on merits and shortcoming of the technology/innovation disruption theory. The theory obtained certain traction and a disruption language has been adopted by information system professionals and others so much that new technologies are readily branded "disruptive". This discussion examines aspects of the theory and its applications to various digital technologies and company Uber. Findings reveal an incomplete theory in need for further development. Directions for further research are charted.

In building up a marketing strategy, it is a temptation for most companies to look for a one-size-fits-all solution. However, this often leads to a superficial marketing message that hardly resonates with the target customers. In other cases, following the tried-and-true methods for marketing makes the marketing campaign falls behind in the ever-changing digital era. Lateral thinking, thus, plays a pivotal role in turning the case around and helping marketers with innovative strategy for their product or service. This paper will delve into the most basic concept of Lateral Thinking through its definition and how it could be used in marketing practice. Many successful marketing stories are demonstrated to enhance the important role of this thinking method in the future of marketing campaign, and to conclude how it will be more prevalent in all areas in general. The goal is to increase the knowledge about a different method of thinking regarding future strategy and innovation in marketing; two examples to illustrate are taken from LUSH and South Africa AIDS Campaign.

This Impact Report identifies and summarises the diverse impacts, resulting from the £500m of UK funding of Science and Technology in 2013, using numerous quantitative metrics and short case study extracts.  It shows how the varied impacts of a national science and technology organization and its many funded programmes can be annually identified, captured, tracked, and summarised in a public document.

The report was produced for, and by, the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) -  the UK Research Council responsible for funding: (1) all UK astronomy, particle and nuclear physics research, (2) related UK science and technology facilities (e.g. as Harwell and Daresbury), (3) the UK contribution to international science (e.g. CERN, international telescopes and space missions), (4) innovation and business spin-off programmes, and (5) UK public engagement activities.

The Report was co-researched and co-authored by the STFC Impact Team, including myself while Impact Evaluation Manager in 2013, with Dr. Claire Dougan-McCallie (lead author/Head of Impact) and Jenny Beard, with additional input from senior managers, and many data and case study contributions from other key managers across STFC.

Varied key impacts are identified and reported including:

• Research amongst the best (by citation impact) in astronomy, nuclear and particle physics.
• Supported research of 226 Principal Investigators in 70 universities, led to 1,100 peer-reviewed papers in 2012.
• Facilities (the Diamond Light Source, ISIS and CLF) were used in 2012/13 by over 4,200 unique users , in over 2,400 experiments, producing over 1,000 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

• Technology from CERN benefited the UK economy by over £100 billion every year.
• Funding the development of the UK’s space, internet and computer animation industries, returned over £500 billion to the UK economy per annum.
• Funded Innovation Campuses hosted over 230 enterprises and supported over 5,000 jobs.
• UK industry won £43 million in contracts from the international subscriptions funded, and had accumulated a total of £150 million since 2005.

• Funded research inspired future generations to study STEM subjects, attracting 90% of UK undergraduates to study physics, funded 782 PhD students  and 16,800 student training days.
• Between 2009 to 2012 public engagement programmes engaged people on 58 million occasions, with 2 million people engaged in face-to-face activities in 2013 alone.

This paper argues that taking up questions of value can help political ecologists and economists develop a more powerful analysis of the green economy, as it introduces new urban, industrial, and technological dimensions into a self-identified green capitalism. More specifically, I maintain that processes of green devaluation, decommodification, and techno-industrial replacement are as important in understanding green economic development as new value enclosure and green growth. 21 st century green economic politics have been marked by Schumpeterian ambitions and zero-sum intra-capitalist struggles, alongside a more general hardening of anti-fossil fuel industry politics from both grassroots climate justice activists and, increasingly, mainstream investors. I explore three interrelated initiatives – disruptive innovation in Silicon Valley cleantech, the US fossil fuel divestment movement, and the global financial industry's stranded assets organizing – as windows into these struggles. Themes of devaluation; obsolescence, both technological and " moral " ; and decommodification, more or less absolute, carry through this discussion, as activists struggle to translate quantitative advances against fossil fuels into a more profound qualitative break. Understanding these fights is essential to developing more effective engaged scholarship on climate change and a just energy transition.

The World Wide Web was created as a free and open platform for users to share information with one another. This changed over time as data evolved to become a valuable asset class. This resulted in new business models, with companies capturing user-generated content for monetization purposes. At best, this information is sold to marketers and advertisers to make data-driven decisions about how to sell their products. In recent years, however, this data, along with data collected from attacks on centralized authorities, has been increasingly misused for other purposes, such as voter manipulation.

With the advents in blockchain technology, Web 2.0 is starting to transition towards a more open and transparent model - Web 3.0. Before we explore what that means, we will first identify what defined the previous versions of the Web and what brought the ongoing changes. We will then define what the new Web 3.0 stack could looks like, and explore a series of use cases from a decentralized browser to distributed storage solutions.  Lastly, we will explore how this undergoing transition towards Web 3.0 could change the way we interact with the web. But this time,  it’s bringing privacy, security, and restoring democracy of data to the users who created it.

Orange Bank market disruption strategy in France in 2017 as another Neobank that uses a mother company as support to penetrate a market that used to be impenetrable. This paper will be discussing the different laws, demands and competition that has led to the change of the banking sector in France in the recent years.

This paper focuses on the potential opportunities that disruptive innovation may bring to the healthcare sector of emerging and developing economies, and in particular to the one of the leading Sub-Saharan Africa’s country, Nigeria. The author examines the possibility of using advancements in the innovation of Technology 4.0 to bridge the gap in access to what could be defined as “good enough” healthcare services for poorer regions of the world while also aiming to potentially reduce healthcare costs and making the local healthcare systems more sustainable, productive, and accessible. Nigerian health industry is used as an exploratory case study to examine the feasibility of implementing Mobile Health and Telehealth Systems, and more in general, to assess the potential benefits of disruptive innovations in the healthcare industry for the lower income patients of emerging and developing economies. This analysis on disruptive innovation, industry competitiveness, and sustainability of the healthcare models is inspired by Michael Porter’s Creating Shared Value (CSV) strategic framework (Porter et al., 2011; 2018) and by Clayton Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory (Christensen et al., 1997; 2000; 2004; 2006; 2013; 2015, 2017). This study also aims to provide a compelling argument supporting the thesis that disruptive innovations in the healthcare system can help grant access to critical basic healthcare services in poor regions of the world while also achieving multiple goals such as, sustainability, efficiency, shared-value creation, and corporate profitability for forward-looking firms with scalable and disruptive business models. Ultimately, the paper aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of disruptive innovation, sustainability, and creating shared-value strategies, assessing the feasibility of solutions that may drive to improved competitiveness, social progress, social inclusion, and sustainability of the healthcare industry in one of the developing economies. The results of this study aim to prove that, in the coming years, disruptive innovations are likely to redefine the competitive environment of the healthcare industry and improve the healthcare conditions of the poorer, underserved, and underreached population of developing and emerging economies like Nigeria, thus increasing their life expectancy rates.

In recent years the evolution of the global market has prompted firms to reconfigure strategies in order to compete and maintain ground on the global business platform. The rapid changes in consumer demand and in technological advancements through innovation has organizations seeking new strategies to maintain market stature by venturing into new opportunities to create consumer demand. While innovation encompasses a broad range of strategic approaches and outputs, the core focus is on making change which is reflected in the impact of the disruption. The following paper will provide an analysis of Nintendo's disruptive strategy with the Wii product line and provide a conceptual framework to continue to sustain Nintendo's success within the videogame industry.

This paper investigates the reaction of incumbent firms to streaming as a disruptive innovation in the music industry through the case study of Universal Music Group, a major record label company. The article is directed at finding the answer to the research question " How can incumbent firms survive streaming? " and hypothesises that companies which adapt to streaming can be revived. After a thorough review of the literature on the sharing and access economy as well as on disruptive innovation in general and in the music industry, the author analyses the effects of streaming on the music industry, the reaction of the industry as a whole and conducts an in-depth analysis via the example of Universal Music Records, a major record label company. Based on previous research, the author classifies the reactions of incumbents according to four potential responses: fight, flight, adapt or disrupt the disruptor. UMG's combined adaptive measures helped UMG to not only survive streaming but bounce back after a downturn, confirming the hypothesis of the paper. The article also examines the possible future outcomes of the current situation and predicts that streaming is here to stay for the longer run with Spotify as the most influential player of the new field. Finally, the author discusses the paper's limitations and highlights areas for potential further research.

Digital currencies, virtual currencies, in-game currencies, etc., have gathered a lot of attention, despite the difficulties of definition, from all corners of society for many years. Cryptocurrency has gained unprecedented attention since the birth of Bitcoin in 2009. Bitcoin is an online system of making and receiving payments in bitcoins. The system distinguishes itself by providing an opensource, cryptographically secure, confidentiality-preserving platform for transactions and/or making payments. The number of transactions as well as the number of accounts (held by individuals and businesses) is steadily increasing. A whole industry of service-providers has sprung up alongside. We consider the development of Bitcoin and its sister currencies as an important disruptive financial innovation which is here to stay unless throttled by ill-considered legislative or regulatory actions. Potential problems are analyzed and solutions offered. The overall assessment is that cryptocurrencies and variants of virtual currencies are a welcome development, they will offer competition to the existing modalities of money and governmental regulation, they will provide alternative means to economic agents for their transactions, and their innovative existence should be encouraged so that their beneficial features outperform any deleterious ones.

The swiftly growing urban population of Nigeria is generating lots of tension in the cities in line with the rapid increase of vehicles. This is due to hitherto reliance on the present parking system which has no standard to check for parking spaces, hence generating problems such as traffic congestion, time wastage in search of parking slot, fuel consumption/CO emission, insecurity of vehicles etc. This work presents a quantitative statistical survey analysis conducted in selected metropolitan cities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The aim is to create awareness on Smart Car Parking System (SCPS) for heterogeneous clustered environments. The results of the conducted analysis showed that the awareness of this innovative technology is still at its tender stage in Nigeria. Findings shows that people are willing to adopt this new technology to assist in overcoming the challenges faced in the present parking system that is unstructured. A brief description of proposed SCPS based on Big data hardware is presented.

With the rapidly changing world economy, every country around the globe is trying to integrate its economy with the rest of the world. This process is known as globalization. Globalization as a process of integration of economies around the globe, usually goes through various ways and one such visible way is inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FIIs). In recent times, FDI and FII have emerged as a buzzword in International business and has received substantial consideration in the policy circles. This study aims at critically viewing the feasibility of FDI in Higher Education scene of India with some of its effects in the post-liberalization milieu. Methodology is of theoretical study with critical approach. While the study probes on the determinants of FDI, it studies to find the operative domains of FDI in Higher Education.

Disruptive innovation is a term used to describe innovation that is of highly discontinuous or revolutionary nature, which is the opposite of evolutionary or incremental innovation. The term is becoming more widely recognised, but a consistent view of what disruptive innovation is or how it is defined is missing. This paper explores the different dimensions of disruptive innovation put forward by different authors and
proposes a working definition as a key building block for an European Commission (EC) co-sponsored research project (“DisruptIT”). The working definition will be used to guide the development of the tools and methods that will help organisations enable and manage disruptive innovation as a key competitive strategy.

Business organizations face constant pressure to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage.  Using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis enable the creation and defining of objectives tailored to the firm’s environment, after assessing current capabilities.  Subsequently, an enterprise’s technology strategy converges on managing the envisioned destiny and achieving the articulated objectives.  Almost every organizational formation aspires to use technology for integrating information, achieving process efficiencies, and transforming service delivery into a paragon of effectiveness.  Based on a limited meta-analysis, this paper integrates business and IT platform strategies as a means to generate a competitive advantage.

Contemporary trends in the area of business strategy have shown an inclination toward searching new markets and creating new demands. Deriving from a similar line of inquiry, the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) has become very popular among practitioners particularly during the recent decades. However, the evolution of such strategies also brings with it the question of sustainability. This study interrogates the sustainability
aspect of the BOS and thereby aims to propose an integrated model designed to address this issue. By grounding the BOS on the models of technological innovations and network externalities, a new model, entitled as the Blue Innovations Network (BIN), is proposed as a generic framework to help achieve sustainable blue oceans in the future. Using a systematic approach, this model is applied to and tested on the case of
Blackberry, a Canadian mobile handheld manufacturer which is accredited with being the pioneer of the smartphones industry. The study thus highlights three different periods of the success, peak and decline of Blackberry, consequently applying each dimension of the proposed model individually and then collectively in an effort
determine how BIN could have helped the company sustain its BOS. The BIN model thus carries the possibility of being explored and further refined through cross-industry applications and hence provides solid ground for the future researches.

Key Words: 1) Blue Ocean Strategy 2) Technological Innovations 3) Network Externalities 4) Blue Innovation Networks 5) Blackberry 6) Smartphones Industry

Entrepreneurship was not started in Silicon Valley. Over the course of history there are several examples of entrepreneurial leaders who embraced disruptive change and created empires by leveraging game-changing innovation. For example, in the late 1800s FIAT was started by Giovanni Agnelli, to address the then "pie-in-the-sky" vision of a motoring society. Agnelli was credited for a leadership style some called “hypnotic”. He was extremely passionate about his products, his customers, his employees, and his vision for growth, for both his company and the ecosystem in which it operated. Relentless in pursuing excellence and incredibly capable in attracting extraordinary talent close to him. Some of his collaborators described his entrepreneurial spirit very well, in an admiring comment: “ He loved the moral value of profit and he was an artist at creating and consolidating it”

New models of innovation and strategies of soft mobility, with the objective of lowering CO2 emissions and noise pollution, eliminate traffic congestion and increase public health, support the development of sustainable cities. In Portugal, car is the most used mode of transport for daily commuting and the rate of cycling for everyday travel is 1%, while the average in Europe is 8%. This research aimed to investigate the role of innovation and its contribution to the raise of bicycle commuting in Portugal. Methods comprise research mixed methods, both quantitative and qualitative, based on secondary data research and the elaboration of an online survey. The analysis of Portuguese public policies, bicycle industry innovations and bike commuting related initiatives over the past 10 years illustrates how much has been done. However, that is not enough to enhance bike commuting to the European average levels. It was, therefore, crucial to understand the commuters’ motives for cycling and the barriers that undermine the use of bicycle as a means of transport, as well as innovations that contributed to bike commuting. Innovative knowledge and innovative technologies applied to the level of bicycle commuting could lead to disruptive innovation at different levels, such as legislation, promotion of safety and surveillance, bicycle and accessories, mobile applications and websites, infrastructures, intermodal transport or initiatives to promote bike as a mode of transport. The coordination of these innovations and measures, between public and private sectors, are crucial to make the shift to soft mobility aligned with European policy orientations.

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a holistic approach to accounting and auditing processes that have made them more dynamic, secure, and safe. This study demonstrates the principle of robotic process automation (RPA) and how it impacts accounting processes. This review paper makes recommendations for future studies. An analysis of the literature from previous research as well as the most recent sources was conducted to identify research gaps. The study's results revealed the ability for RPA to automate accounting processes and the fact that robotic approaches are projected to replace accountants for a significant portion of their work. This will lead to a reduction in the number of base-level accounting roles. While also making it easier to create new accounting vacancies. Financial reporting for company consultancy and the transformation of robotic process automation would be among the future accountant's tasks.

New technology presents risk for many customers. They react differently toward this risk based on their innate characteristics, the wants and needs of their companies, and the behaviour of other buyers. The Technology Adoption Life Cycle (TALC) models how different groups of customers adopt to discontinuous innovation at different times. This model helps policy makers and technology developers build the best strategy for each phase of a product’s life.

تقول الأسطورة المصرية القديمة: عندما اخترع "تحوتي" الكتابة اقترح على "آمون" أن يستخدمها المصريون لتزيدهم حكمة وقوة في الذاكرة، لكن آمون حذره: إن اختراعك سيجعل المتعلمين يهملون ذاكرتهم، ولن يقدم لهم الحقيقة بل شبيها لها، سوف يظهرون وكأنهم أصحاب علم، لكنهم في الحقيقة لا يعرفون شيئا، وسوف يصبحون أكثر صخبا وأعلى صوتا وسوف تكون صحبتهم مزعجة. كانت نبوءة آمون ومخاوفه صغيرة على مقاس رموز الكتابة، لكن مع انتشار الإنترنت تضاعفت هذه المخاوف وظهرت مخاوف جديدة بحجم الإنترنت ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي والملايين الذين يستخدمونها!

بدأت الإنترنت في وزارة الدفاع الأمريكية أثناء الحرب الباردة  ثم خرجت من الترسانة العسكرية إلى ملايين البشر فغيرت قواعد اللعبة في عالم الاقتصاد والسياسة والأمن والسلطة على المعلومات والثقافة والمعرفة، وظهرت مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وفعلت ما فعلت بنفوس البشر وآداب الحوار بينهم، وحولت العلاقات والمشاعر الإنسانية إلى مجموعة من الأزرار والرموز.

يقول فريق أن الإنترنت جاءت لتمكين الجماهير وإزاحة النخبة، وهناك من يقول أن هذا سوف يضر بجودة الثقافة والمعرفة، وسوف يساعد أيضا في إشعال الفتنة بين الأجيال وتفتيت المجتمعات، أو ما يعرف بحروب الجيل الرابع.

وأدركت الدول الكبرى القدرات العسكرية للإنترنت فراحت تتجسس على مستخدميها وأيضا تستخدمها في تضليل الرأي العام بالصور والشائعات وأنصاف الحقائق.

معادلة الإنترنت باختصار أنها يسرت لنا أن نعرف الكثير ونشاهد الكثير ونقول الكثير ونتواصل كثيرا ونسأل كثيرا، فنجاب– والثمن هو أننا أصبحنا أقل صبرا وأقل تركيزا وأكثر تطرفا وأقل ذوقا. فالتكنولوجيا عموما تعطي البشرية الكثير بيد وتأخذ منها الكثير باليد الأخرى. وقد قال الكاتب اليوناني القديم سوفوخليس "لا يدخل حياة الإنسان شئ كبير إلا ومعه لعنة كبيرة!"

هذا الكتاب عن الإنترنت - هذا "الشئ الكبير"، وعن "اللعنة الكبيرة" التي جاءت معها!

(Paper en español) - Abstract: We usually associate disruptive thinking with the empowerment of the imagination, including innovation. A disruption is what produces a sudden break or interruption. Of course in this case we speak of a symbolic meaning. They say, and I share, that thinking is the basis disruptive innovation, but here should be accurate and that innovation is not synonymous with the new, the modern and the latest technology. Disruptive thinking is an innovation in the application of knowledge, which is translated into learning, usually outside the usual training institutions. To think disruptively is a process of re-education to return to be the free human being that we all knew to be when we were children.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a technology that contrary to existing production techniques creates products layer by layer. AM exists for more than 30 years but as a result of lapsed patents, its application has expanded significantly in a pattern resembling a disruptive technology. Using AM, products can be manufactured in small series and a highly customized manner. Additive manufacturing may have a substantial social impact: Because of its nature, this technology requires less natural resources and generates less CO2 emissions as it can be used close to the point of consumption. Furthermore, AM may lead to a shift of production activities from developing to developed countries. Most research has focused on the technological side of AM but limited academic publications exist on the effects of AM on global supply chains and business models; however, these effects can be substantial

The tobacco industry worldwide has annual revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars, and annual smoking-associated death rates in the millions. Electronic cigarettes appear to be a less harmful alternative to traditional tobacco products, allowing users to inhale nicotine, without consuming the products of burning tobacco (thus significantly lowering health risks). These and similar innovative solutions (like heat-not-burn) have a potentially disruptive impact on existing markets. Both newcomers and established cigarette firms have been active around these alternatives. However, there is debate around the health implications of such products, and in 2019 much alarm around a lung disease associated with vaping. As a result, most countries and international institutions, including the World Health Organization, have adopted negative attitudes towards electronic cigarettes. Do e-cigarettes represent a Trojan Horse that will undermine tobacco control efforts-or are they an effective way to wean users away from cigarettes thus opening the way towards a better future? This paper outlines estimates of the future health impacts of cigarette and e-cigarette use, and considers the broader issues surrounding this potentially disruptive innovation. It points to areas requiring further research and suggests how Foresight studies might address the topic.