Smoking and Drug Rehabilitation

Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not been conducted. To determine the safety and feasibility of psilocybin as an adjunct to tobacco smoking cessation treatment we conducted an open-label pilot study administering moderate (20 mg/70 kg) and high (30 mg/70 kg) doses of psilocybin within a structured 15-week smoking cessation treatment protocol. Participants were 15 psychiatrically healthy nicotine-dependent smokers (10 males; mean age of 51 years), with a mean of six previous lifetime quit attempts, and smoking a mean of 19 cigarettes per day for a mean of 31 years at intake. Biomarkers assessing smoking status, and self-report measures of smoking behavior demonstrated that 12 of 15 participants (80%) showed seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 6-month follow-up. The observed smoking cessation rate substantially exceeds rates commonly reported for other behavioral and/or ph...

Summary

The antidrug medication HEANTOS 4  is an Vietnamese herbal traditional medication, used for treatment of drug addiction. It was composed and prepared first by Mr. Tran Khuong Dan early 1990’s as a water extract in liquid form. Since 1995 the Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology ( VAST ) has cooperated with Dan’s group for further scientific developments of HEANTOS. Since than, the products Heantos 1,2,3 and 4 have been developed in solid form as hard capsules through the improvment of extraction method, composition of ingredients etc. Heantos 4 is the latest product, which is standardized applying the modern technics like finger print HPLC/MS, IR,TLC… During almost 20 years of research on Heantos, the Institute of Chemistry has cooperated with several international institutions and persons in the clarification of toxicology, the chemistry and mechanism of action as well as in the clinical studies of Heantos.e.g. UNDP/UNOPS; Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle/S; Germany; University of Essen ( Germany ); University of British Columbia, Vancouver ( Canada ); Johns Hopkins University, USA….

In 1996 the UNDP/UNOPS supported this medication under a project named: “Further scientific development of the antidrug medication Heantos” ( VIE 96/033 ). Through the cooperation between the Institute of Chemistry and the Institute of plant bio chemistry about 200 compounds have been isolated and identified from this medication. None of them was assigned as toxic ( BMBF-projeet: BNBest.-BMBF-98, Germany ). A clinical study in phase II on Heatos 4 was in troduced in the Essen University, Germany in 2003-2005. Study on the mechanism of action of Heantos 4 is now carryingout in the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada, under the guide of Prof.Dr. Anthony Phillips and Prof.Dr. Michael Krausz.

In Vietnam the clinical study with phase I, II, III are carried out by the Central Psychiatric Hospital Nr. 1, Thuong Tin, Hanoi, Vietnam under supervision of the Ministery of Health has finalised in the year 2011with good results. In 2012 the Vietnamese Drug Administration issued the permission for production and utilisation of Heantos 4. Heantos 4 has been produced as hard capsules a 0,500 gram/capsul by Ha Thanh pharmaceutical company, Tuu Liet Road, Thanh Tri district, Hanoi in cooperation with the Heantos Joint Stock Company ( Heantos JSC. ). One dose of Heantos 4 ( for one detoxification treatment includes 70 capsules, used with in 5-7 days. The use of Heantos 4 in many drug addiction treatment centers in Vietnam showed, that Heantos 4 is effective, helps the patients to overcome all withdrawal symtoms mildly. No unwanted side effects have been observed, Heantos 4 is easely to be used. It can be used for treatment of drug addiction in the communes. Study on the revicidism in Hoa Binh treatment center, Vietnam showed, that 37 of 40 patients ( 92,5 % ) were drug free after 3 months of detoxification during the follow-up in the communes.

*Presentation on the PRCP 2014 in Vancouver, Canada.

Why the Men Smoke? Introductions As part of the requirement for the studies in the course of health issues; I was tasked with the topic to investigate the different areas in health issues. This task involved investigating the reasons as to why men smoke in the UAE. The purpose of this research is to describe my research procedure and present the findings after a data collection exercise. Methods Interviews This research was conducted using a set of five questions conducted through an interview process. People of both genders were selected to provide responses for the stated interview questions. The results were computed and results findings made and inferences stated and recommendations given. The purpose of the interview was to collect their opinion on the reasons why men smoke.

Pušenje predstavlja veliki problem u Svetu. Ono je izvor zavisnosti,zato što je pristupačno svim generacijama,i zato što se nalazi u slobodnoj prodaji. Cigarete u sebi sadrže psihoaktivnu supstancu,koja se naziva nikotin,na latinskom nicotiana. Kada se uvuče dim iz cigarete,nikotin direktno ulazi u krvotok. nikotinu je potrebno samo nekoliko sekundi da dođe do mozga,te zbog toga ljudi osećaju zadovoljstvo u tome.
Ljudi sve više zanemaruju svoje zdravlje i smatraju da cigarete nisu mnogo štetne po njih,ali dugotrajno konzumiranje istog može dovesti do fatalnih posledica,takođe i do smrti.

(1) Background: we investigated and analyzed the most recent implementations of technology in the fields of psychotherapy, clinical rehabilitation, and addiction treatment. (2) Methods: from December 2021 to January 2022, we conducted a review aimed at identifying the recent implementations of technology in cyber health psychology, with particular reference to Virtual Reality in psychotherapy, mHealth tools in clinical rehabilitation, and smartphone applications in the treatment of addiction to substances of abuse, searching for relevant studies in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Health & Medical Collection, and APA PsycArticles. (3) Results: the tools analyzed are in constant development and are increasingly used, with good results, and further technological progress could lead to even better treatment outcomes; as far as mHealth tools and smartphone applications are concerned, anti-smoking Apps are the most widespread, followed by those for the treatment of alcohol use disorder, and there is no presence of Apps for the treatment of heroin, cocaine, or crack addiction. (4) Conclusions: the results of the review indicate that these technological tools are increasingly used and are, in principle, effective and have numerous advantages, including low cost and versatility.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between resting blood pressure (BP), smoking, physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI) in Greek young adults. Materials and Methodology: A standardised questionnaire and the Greek version of IPAQ-short were given to 1500 randomly selected health science students, in order to record smoking behaviour, PA status, BMI and resting BP. All healthy young adults aged 19-30 years old were eligible. The final size of the study cohort was 1249 students (522 men). Results: Males’ BP was 129.2/77.0 mmHg, significantly higher than the females’ values of 119.9/73.4 mmHg. Approximately 17% of the total population were classified as overweight and 3% as obese. In the overall population, smoking prevalence was 35.2%, with 15.3% being heavy smokers (≥21 cigs/d). Smoking prevalence did not differ significantly between sexes. The prevalence of health-enhancing PA (high PAclass) was only 14.0%, while 42.8% of the study popul...

Conversations about rehabilitation and how to address the drugs-crime nexus have been dominated by academics and policymakers, without due recognition of the experience and knowledge of practitioners. Not enough is known about the cultures and conditions in which rehabilitation occurs. Why is it that significant numbers of practitioners are leaving the alcohol and other drugs field, while disproportionate numbers of criminal justice practitioners are on leave?

Rehabilitation Work provides a unique insight into what happens behind the closed doors of prisons, probation and parole offices, drug rehabs, and recovery support services drawing on research from Australia. This book is among the first to provide a dedicated empirical examination of the interface between the concurrent processes of desistance from crime and recovery from substance misuse, and the implications for rehabilitation work. Hannah Graham uses practitioner interviews, workforce data and researcher observations to reveal compelling differences between official accounts of rehabilitation work, and what practitioners actually do in practice. Practitioners express a desire to be the change rather than being subject to change, actively co-producing progressive reforms instead of passively coping with funding cutbacks and interagency politics.

Applied examples of how practitioners collaborate, lead and innovate in the midst of challenging work are complemented with evocative illustrations of insider humour and professional resilience. This book is a key resource for students, academics and practitioners across fields including criminology and criminal justice, social work, psychology, counselling and addiction treatment.

Mark and I had a good relationship, however, we also had many bumps in the road and sometimes those bumps become mountains that you can no longer climb up or even try to. MDMA (or Ecstasy) melted the mountains so you could see the one you Love on the other side. It didn’t resolve the problems; it simply removed them completely. I saw Mark for the first time again. I saw him like the moment I first laid eyes on him seven years prior, actually I probably saw him even more clearly and more beautifully than I had ever seen him before. I absolutely had no doubt that he loved me completely and I him. It wasn’t based on what we did or didn’t do for one another; it was simply deep and abiding Love.

Drug Abuse The entire world now is now surrounded with drug abuse in addition to drug dependence. This disorder is becoming so prevalent, that its the fact is situated on misconceptions that people have regarding drug misuse in addition to dependence. This paper briefly gives an summary of drug abuse in addition to dependence, and in precisely the exact same time examines the elements of epidemiology, societal troubles, pathophysiology, in addition to ethical problems which may arise with medical crisis responders. Drug misuse and drug dependence; what exactly does this mean and that is influenced because of it? There's just a confusion between drug dependence and misuse. Drug-abuse happens whenever there using a chemical, broadly speaking illicit alcohol or drugs, whilst medication dependence occurs at a extensive assortment of materials and actions. Alcohol could be known because the compulsive demand for using chemical forming customs, such as smoking, alcoholism and smoking, that will be finally seen as a clearly bodily signs up on withdrawal in addition to tolerance; popularly: persistent disordered utilization of known compounds which can be bad for this user. Drug dependence is normally not really a chemical forming addiction, in addition, it includes things like gaming, sex, video gambling, and also online. All of the same, the principal attention of society would be still to accomplish with medication, alcohol and tobacco. Several faculties of pathophysiology and epidemiology is likely to be shared along with the societal implications that dependence causes and some other ethical issues that lie together with dependence and medical crisis providers. http://vitalhealthrecipes.com/dicyclomine The addictive behavioral analysis is comparatively fresh. Science only begun to study behavioral addictiveness from the 1930. Just before this, research was being conducted out by scientist about medication abuse which were affected with offender shadows in addition to nature dependence. However, with presentday discoveries in addition to advice about the brain compounds work along with the strategy of change, there's presently a deeper comprehension of alcohol and drug dependence on Substance dependence, as stated by Dr. Dryden-Edwards additionally known as chemical addiction or chemical addiction, is a disorder that's characterized by way of a destructive drug misuse pattern that contributes to significant issues that demand tolerance towards or chemical withdrawal along with other issues as a result of chemical usage which might have consequences regarding the victim, either by faculty operation, socially or concerning work. Significantly more than 2.5 percent of humankind suffer with drug dependence at a certain time in their own lives. Inspite of the undeniable fact that alcohol and drug dependence is seen as being a mental ailment, there's not any a special determinant cause. But, several men and women feel that drug abuse and addiction is a hereditary disorder that really is an untrue fact. A individual's environment is cause of the evolution of a predisposition dependence medication.

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This brief assessment is designed as a supplemental short substance use assessment. It can be used as a "stand alone" substance use brief substance use assessment when perhaps time is limited or it can be an additional substance use focused substance use assessment tool during a longer full biopsychosocial assessment. The questions are in simple, easy to read format for clinician who may have only basic substance use/addiction assessment training.

This study presents a subject-independent model for detection of smoke inhalations from wearable sensors capturing characteristic hand-to-mouth gestures and changes in breathing patterns during cigarette smoking. Wearable sensors were used to detect the proximity of the hand to the mouth and to acquire the respiratory patterns. The waveforms of sensor signals were used as features to build a Support Vector Machine classification model. Across a data set of 20 enrolled participants, precision of correct identification of smoke inhalations was found to be >87%, and a resulting recall >80%. These results suggest that it is possible to analyze smoking behavior by means of a wearable and non-invasive sensor system.

This study was performed to asses and establishes the prevalence of Polypharmacy in geriatric population in the Medicine ward of Rajah Muthaiya Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, during one year from January 2013 to January 2014. Demographic analyses of this prospective study revealed that out of 520 patients, 342 (65.76%) were males and 178 (34.23%) were females. All the collected prescriptions were scrutinized for Polypharmacy and were categorized as minor Polypharmacy -concurrent use of ≤ 5 drugs; and major Polypharmacy -concurrent use of > 5 drugs. Out of 502 Prescriptions 61(11.73%) prescriptions were minor Polypharmacy and 457(88.26%) prescriptions were major Polypharmacy. The maximum patients were in the age group of 60-64 (38.84%) range lead to a significant increase in the number of medications. The most common diseases associated systems were Cardiovascular system 147 (28.26 %) patients, and followed by Respiratory system 103(19.80%). Our results show that there is a higher prevalence of Polypharmacy among the males than females. The length of hospital stay of geriatric patients is increase in major Polypharmacy compare with minor Polypharmacy. The prevalence of cardiovascular drugs and respiratory drugs were often involved in Polypharmacy among geriatric patients. Polypharmacy is very common among geriatric patient and health care professional’s interventions to improve the optimal use of medication in geriatric could lead to reduction in the drug related problems associated with Polypharmacy.

Background: A recent open-label pilot study (N = 15) found that two to three moderate to high doses (20 and 30 mg/70 kg) of the serotonin 2A receptor agonist, psilocybin, in combination with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation, resulted in substantially higher 6-month smoking abstinence rates than are typically observed with other medications or CBT alone. Objectives: To assess long-term effects of a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation program at ≥12 months after psilocybin administration. Methods: The present report describes biologically verified smoking abstinence outcomes of the previous pilot study at ≥12 months, and related data on subjective effects of psilocybin. Results: All 15 participants completed a 12-month follow-up, and 12 (80%) returned for a long-term (≥16 months) follow-up, with a mean interval of 30 months (range = 16–57 months) between target-quit date (i.e., first psilocybin session) and long-term follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, 10 participants (67%) were confirmed as smoking abstinent. At long-term follow-up, nine participants (60%) were confirmed as smoking abstinent. At 12-month follow-up 13 participants (86.7%) rated their psilocybin experiences among the five most personally meaningful and spiritually significant experiences of their lives. Conclusion: These results suggest that in the context of a structured treatment program, psilocybin holds considerable promise in promoting long-term smoking abstinence. The present study adds to recent and historical evidence suggesting high success rates when using classic psychedelics in the treatment of addiction. Further research investigating psilocybin-facilitated treatment of substance use disorders is warranted.

Abstract: Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences have been linked to persisting effects in healthy volunteers including positive changes in behavior, attitudes, and values, and increases in the personality domain of openness. In an open-label pilot-study of psilocybin-facilitated smoking addiction treatment, 15 smokers received 2 or 3 doses of psilocybin in the context of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for smoking cessation. Twelve of 15 participants (80%) demonstrated biologically verified smoking abstinence at 6-month follow-up. Participants who were abstinent at 6 months (n=12) were compared to participants still smoking at 6 months (n=3) on measures of subjective effects of psilocybin. Abstainers scored significantly higher on a measure of psilocybin-occasioned mystical experience. No significant differences in general intensity of drug effects were found between groups, suggesting that mystical-type subjective effects, rather than overall intensity of drug effects, were responsible for smoking cessation. Nine of 15 participants (60%) met criteria for “complete” mystical experience. Smoking cessation outcomes were significantly correlated with measures of mystical experience on session days, as well as retrospective ratings of personal meaning and spiritual significance of psilocybin sessions. These results suggest a mediating role of mystical experience in psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment.

Bağımlılık kişinin madde alımı üzerindeki kontrolünü kaybetmesini ifade eder. Dünya sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) madde bağımlılığını "kullanılan bir psikoaktif maddeye kişinin daha önceden değer verdiği diğer uğraşlardan ve nesnelerden belirgin olarak daha yüksek bir öncelik tanıma davranışı" olarak tanımlar. Diğer bir deyişle madde kullanımı bireye ve topluma zarar verici düzeyde bir davranış haline gelir. Sigara içme veya dumanının solunması zamanla kişide psişik ve fiziksel bağımlılık oluşturur. Günümüzde Dünyada 1,3 milyar kişinin sigara içtiği tahmin edilmektedir.

N.B This is a significantly revised version of my earlier “Addiction within a Thomistic Philosophical Anthropology: A Conceptual Analysis.” When I wrote it I had only started thinking about addiction and my ideas have developed considerably as I have studied more neuroscience, psychology, and philosophical anthropology. Since I posted it in 2011 I have received many emails with questions, comments, suggestions and objections, all of which have been very helpful to me. We are all trying to understand what addiction is, and how we can help those who suffer from addiction. It is astonishing how difficult it is to find good philosophical literature on addiction, and many people are rightly interested in the problem. Given the amount of feedback I have received on the earlier version of this paper, that it has been cited in two MA theses that I know of, and that I do not know when I shall have time to complete the research required to make this paper worth publishing, I have decided to update the prior draft with this version. Some of the same ideas are treated briefly in one published paper of mine.1 This paper has since changed its title in order to reflect a more broadly Aristotelian approach. I decided that there is no reason for me to restrict my approach to Thomistic thought, and I think this general Aristotelian approach makes the paper’s appeal much broader. Some of the “Thomist” material, but not all of it, has been omitted from this draft. I will be happy to receive any correspondence concerning the account of addiction presented in this paper, but I might always be able to respond right away.

This case study is an analysis of the effectiveness of Project "Double Barrel" in the Municipality of Rosario, La Union. The case study used the descriptive method of research with the use of a self-made validated questionnaire and documentary analysis. The case study is limited to August 16-17, 2016.

Drug addiction is turning to the national problem from social problem. It creates many other problem. This study conducted to identify the core cause of drug addiction of young generation in Bangladesh. To conduct this research, questionnaire survey and case study have conducted. Case study tried to bring out the core factor responsible for the drug addiction of young generation and questionnaire survey expressed the people’s perception toward drug addiction. This research findings suggest that influence of peer group, weak family bonding, affluence and shortage of money are the key responsible factor for the drug addiction of young generation in Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT
Drug and substance abuse in the world in this 21st century is a worse disaster than HIV/Aids, cancer and famine combined (Kaguthi, 2004 cited by Murimi, 2012).  In today’s society more and more adolescents are experimenting with using drugs regularly (Pretoria, 2000 cited by Murimi, 2012). This has amplified with globalization, changes in communication technology, changes in living styles and climate change. The worst still is when the menace has not only been pronounced in the urban settings as it was in the 18th to early 20th century but has been implanted in the rural settings too. In this note, drug and substance abuse is a problem that has raised concern all over the world.  The purpose of this study therefore was to evaluate the effects of drug and substance abuse on youth development in Bangladesh village, Changamwe Constituency, Mombasa County, Kenya. The Study was guided by the following objectives: To examine the extent to which drug and substance abuse influences level of education among the youth in Bangladesh Village Changamwe Constituency, To find out the extent to which drug and substance abuse influences economic productivity among the youth in Bangladesh Village Changamwe Constituency, and, To examine the influence of drug and substance abuse on teenage pregnancies among the youth in Bangladesh Village Changamwe Constituency. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study since the study was a social research in nature. In the study a random sampling was used in accordance to the characteristics and the elements that the population possessed from location. The target population was about 190 youth who have formerly been associated with the major CBO that addresses youth issues in Changamwe but a population sample of 57 was used as calculated by the Mugenda and Mugenda (2003)’s recommendation of at least 30% threshold. A pilot study was conducted to check the instruments reliability and validity and a correlation figure over 0.7 was considered. The response saw a positive return of 54 questionnaires that were valid for the study. Data from the field was collected using a structured questionnaire which was administered personally and enumerators and picked them after they had been filled. The data then was sorted out, coded and analyzed using the SPSS version. From the information gotten, almost over 80% of the respondents supported the ideas that drug and substance abuse has led to early teen pregnancies, poor economic development, poor performance in schools in Changamwe’s Bangladesh and many more. In relation to the findings in chapter four, the researcher recommended a number of issues like NGO,CBOs, NACADA, county government and many more should come up with rehabilitation points at Changamwe, should come up with social education halls and should strengthen their strategies that are aimed at notifying the youths on effects of drugs .

La storia -intesa come "fortuna" -della Coscienza di Zeno e del suo autore, il romanziere Italo Svevo, iniziano con queste parole che James Joyce scrive all'amico triestino il 30 gennaio del 1924: «Per ora due cose mi interessano. Il tema: non avrei mai pensato che il fumare potesse dominare una persona in quel modo. Secondo: il trattamento del tempo nel romanzo» 1 . Certo, Joyce ha appena intrapreso, e non ancora portato a termine, la lettura del romanzo e l'idea che il fumo, o meglio la lotta contro il fumo, rappresenti "il tema" del romanzo tout court è in parte una distorsione prospettica perché è la prima parte del romanzo che vi è specialmente dedicata. Ma, se vogliamo, è anche un'intuizione critica perché da molto prima che Svevo diventasse un classico moderno ed entrasse a far parte del canone della letteratura italiana, con la conseguente, frequentissima antologizzazione del capitolo III del romanzo (quello intitolato appunto Il fumo, che riempie quasi tutto il cassettino "Svevo" delle memorie scolastiche degli italiani), la "U.S.", l'eterna ultima sigaretta di Zeno Cosini, 2 mostra subito la tendenza a diventare un simbolo, un icona della narrativa sveviana. Fa a tempo ad accorgersene lo stesso Svevo che il 3 agosto del 1927 scrive a Montale: «Subito in Germania sto ottenendo qualche cosa con l'intervento di un amico. Infatti la "Literarische Welt" pubblicherà nei prossimi numeri una traduzione del "fumo" (tutti 1 Italo Svevo, Carteggio con , 1965, p. 29. 2 Introdotta dalle parole, sempre citate: «"15. 4. 1890 ore 4 1/2. Muore mio padre. U.S.". Per chi non lo sapesse quelle due ultime lettere non significano United States, ma ultima sigaretta» (Italo Svevo, La Coscienza di Zeno, in Id. Romanzi e "continuazioni", Milano, Mondadori, 2004, p. 653.

Life throws up innumerable situations, which we greet with both negative and positive emotions such as excitement,
frustration, fear, happiness, anger, sadness, joy etc. All human beings are not equipped to take on changes or difficult situations in life, naturally. Out of them, many don’t adapt to those situations. The result normally is— those situations and accompanying stress overwhelm people. The mind-boggling changes in every sphere of life—culture, profession, modes of transportation and rapid lifestyle changes put pressure on men to adjust with equal speed. Stress begins to wear them out and there is a loss of resiliency against adverse
situations of life. Consequently, they begin to pull away from others and give in to depression. It is said that life acts and you react. Our attitude is our reaction to what life hands out to us. A significant amount of stress symptoms can be avoided or aroused by the way we relate to stressors. Stress is created by what we think rather than by what has actually happened. For instance, handling adopted children, adolescents, academic failures, retirements or sudden loss of money needs a relaxed attitude, focused will and preparedness to face the quirks of life positively. Otherwise one tends to feel stressed and reacts in anger and frustration. Children of stressed out parents are more likely to be ill equipped to handle stressors positively. They may suffer from emotional disturbances, depression, aggressive
behaviour or confusion besides chances of weak physical constitutions, which again can be a source of anxiety. With a better control of attention one can feel that the world is a more congenial place to live in. A right attitude can make a resilient person out of us in the face of stressful situations. We can choose to stand aside; or to take weak and ineffective measures; or to implement robust and enduring measures to protect the health and wealth of populations.

This study examined the effect of drug on the academic performance of students in Nigeria higher institutions. It is a survey study. A sample of 300 respondents from the selected higher institutions in Nigeria participated in the study. Two research questions guided the work. The findings of the study revealed that: students commonly abused drugs such as alcohol and hot drinks, tobacco, Indian hemp, marijuana; peer group influence contributed to abuse of drugs by students and students who abused drugs recorded poor academic performance. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that students should be educated and enlightened about the dangers of drug abuse.

O álcool é o que podemos chamar de droga “lícita”. Sua aceitação pela sociedade é disseminada, em muitas, mas não em todas as culturas. No entanto, apesar de sua tolerância social, ele é uma poderosíssima droga psicotrópica com poder de causar dependência e alteração de comportamento. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) afirma que não há nível seguro de consumo de álcool. Fígado, coração, estômago e vasos sanguíneos são diretamente afetados e prejudicados pelo seu consumo excessivo.

O problema do álcool é muitas vezes socializado ou repartido com os demais: família, amigos, vizinhos, companheiros de trabalho e desconhecidos acabam afetados de alguma maneira pela rede de consequências ou a “cadeia” alcoólica. Sim, pois este fenômeno não configura apenas um cárcere ou prisão particular, mas uma rede, corrente ou cadeia que afeta a toda a sociedade – daí o título desta pequena obra.

Aqui estão reunidas 100 frases sobre o álcool e sua problemática, bem como alguns pequenos textos em alusão ao tema – artigos, ilustrações e histórias. E, concluindo a seleta, poemas diversos sobre o alcoolismo.

Drug addiction has become a worldwide problem and the leading cause of death. The global problem of addiction and drug abuse is responsible for millions of deaths and millions of new cases of HIV every year. In recent years, India is seeing a rising trend in drug addiction. The most common use of drug in India is alcohol, followed by cannabis and opiates. Drug use, whether licit or illicit, causes serious health problems in individuals. The National level survey conducted on drug use in India indicated that prevalence of drug abuse among males in the general population is significant. Drug abuse among women exists. Despite the fact that more men use drugs than women, the impact of drug use tends to be greater on women, because women lack access to care for drug dependence. Economic burden, disturbed family environment, violence, and psychological problems are other consequences of drug abuse in the family. Adolescent drug abuse is another major area of concern because more than half of the person's with substance use disorder are introduced to drugs before the age of 15 years. At present, there exists a significant gap in service delivery. The current paper highlights the causes of drug abuse, and describes the treatment and prevention of drug abuse and addiction for proper management of the problem.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) adalah Penyakit kronis paru paru yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan paru paru yang tidak bisa lagi disembuhkan. Penyakit ini sangat erat hubungannya dengan asap rokok yang dihirup baik oleh perokok atau pun orang disekitarnya yang juga menghirup asap rokok tersebut secara berkepanjangan.

Drug abuse is becoming increasingly problematic in Nigeria. A numbers of recent studies suggest that almost all Nigerian youth experiment with drugs at some point, particularly Cocaine and Tramadol. The foremost concern is the number of these youth that will form an addiction to serious substances, jeopardizing their own health and safety and creating difficulties for their families and the public at large.
Drug use, it is widely accepted, has negative consequences for the academic, social, psychological and physical development of users. This study aims to explore the emerging trend of drug abuse among teenagers in high court keffi. This study was carried out in two secondary schools in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two theories namely Psycho-social theory by Ausebel (1961), The social developmental Theory developed by Hawkins and Weis, (2002) and Social cognitive theory by O'leary (1992) guided this study. The study employed descriptive survey design, the target population was 472 students enrolled in 2 public secondary schools in Keffi, Nasarawa state, a sample of 100 students was selected from 2 Public secondary
schools through simple random sampling. Data from students was collected using a students’ questionnaire with a Reliability Cronbach’s Alpha of .943. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study reveal that the most common abuse drugs are Tramadol, Rohypnol and Barbiturates were beginning to infiltrate into public secondary schools. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that Parents require information on how to be good role models and the right values should be held by the family members. It was also recommended that drugs and substance abuse counseLling centres need to be established in more places by the government to address the problem

El autor reflexiona acerca de las posibilidades de experimentar o autoinducir el Trance Místico. Explora las posibilidades del Yo-en-trance-consigo-mismo y la voluntad. Desarrolla el concepto de Autohipnosis Mística, basándose en la noción de autohipnosis ericksoniana. Establece bases teóricas y categorías conceptuales necesarias para el reconocimiento del fenómeno universal de experiencia mística y su análisis, y las posibles aplicaciones para el desarrollo de un protocolo hipnótico inductor del fenómeno de Autohipnosis Mística. Para ello revisa la Tipología de Nueve Categorías del Estado Místico de Conciencia de Pahnke. Presenta las diferencias principales entre la Terapia Psicolítica y Psicodélica en las que es posible rastrear la investigación de Pahnke como Psicodélica. Ante la exposición de elementos que en su época fueron controvertidos, el autor integra la revisión posterior del experimento de Pahnke por parte de Rick Doblin. El autor indica que la dimensión espiritual del ser humano se relaciona directamente con el estado de trance. El fenómeno del trance es revisado desde sus aspectos generales hasta la nueva neurociencia de la transformación de la conciencia. Indica que la autohipnosis mística basada en la teoría del ciclo ultradiano debe ser revisada por las implicancias en el desarrollo de “la conformación orgánica espiritual”. La evaluación post-experimental de genes asociados a los diversos elementos que el “Relato de Autotrance Místico Interno” expresa, puede revelar “cómo la memoria construye los elementos de autohipnosis necesarios para evocar lo místico”. Sensibiliza también respecto a la alta capacidad para ser programados por la capacidad que tienen los relatos de sugestionar, crear los elementos fundamentales del inconsciente que son recuperados durante el estado de trance. Durante la presentación es cuidadoso de estimular en el lector la consideración respetuosa de la vivencia interna de trance místico de un otro observado. Como también, en cuanto a la distinción que como observador se puede hacer del “Relato de Autotrance Místico Interno” y el texto científico logrado en la terapia. Cita a Maturana para expresar respecto a lo primero; la imposibilidad de compartir la experiencia mística del yo-en-relación-consigo-mismo, y respecto a lo segundo, considera a Gergen, e indica la necesidad de “acción complementariedad y comprensión” para la construcción de lo “Real”; tanto para las posibilidades de experimentación o experiencia en el sentido gestáltico, centrado en el aquí-ahora, y que derivan en el desarrollo del “Protocolo Hipnótico Inductor del Fenómeno de Autohipnosis Mística” que se experimenta en el “dominio isomórfico de existencia en el presente” y que da validez a la dimensión espiritual de los consultantes en cuanto a su “Visión Cosmológica y la búsqueda de la integración Yo-Cosmos personal, religioso, de ser complementado en la acción”, para ello presenta algunos conceptos centrales desde el construccionismo social como objetividad, acción-complementariedad, y comprensión. El autor ofrece consideraciones respecto a dar importancia a “cómo el ser humano se influencia a sí mismo y a los otros”, y “cómo puede crear valores, tanto como significado, como estructura orgánica y ADN”. Indica que la utilización de Medicina Traslacional y Microrrayos de ADN/RNA por medio de la utilización creativa del trance místico autoinducido o Autohipnosis Mística, y la plasticidad neuronal que ofrece el ciclo ultradiano tanto a nivel personal, es posible el surgimiento del “ADN Yo-Cosmos”. Presenta las posibilidades de analizar los genes co-expreados en el Momentum de la Tipología Categorial revisada.

Psychedelic drugs are some of the most powerful tools in the world for personal healing and psychological growth. Research at major medical centers over the past few years have shown remarkable results in the treatment of conditions such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety. Psychedelic drugs provide a path of treatment that is often more effective and rapid than other methods, and with many fewer side effects than pharmaceutical options. This paper will be focusing on hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin and entheogens such as ayahuasca and ibogaine.

El uso popular de la medicina tradicional y de las plantas sagradas para tratar los problemas de adicción es ampliamente difundido en América Latina. La observación de este uso y su eficacia -que está también siendo confirmada por varios estudios académicos- ha llevado en los últimos años a la creación de numerosos centros de tratamiento que integran la sabiduría ancestral en el manejo de las plantas medicinales con la psicoterapia y biomedicina moderna, considerando al mismo tiempo también otros enfoques de medicina complementaria y alternativa como mindfulness y yoga.

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El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es una práctica que acompaña al ser humano desde que se tiene memoria histórica.
Sin embargo, en México, a partir de finales del siglo XX, el uso y abuso de drogas, incluyendo alcohol y tabaco, es un problema que se ha incrementado en la sociedad de manera general. Para afrontar esta problemática emergieron, a lo largo y ancho del territorio nacional, Asociaciones Civiles que por iniciativa propia han construido diversos espacios de rehabilitación.
Una de esas Asociaciones Civiles es Drogadictos Anónimos, la cual emplea como método la capacidad terapéutica de la palabra para atender a drogodependientes en Villahermosa, Tabasco, pero la esencia de ese programa de recuperación se encuentra en la epiméleia socrática.

Objectives: To determine the factors influencing tooth loss and to assess the strength of association between the factors and the loss.
Methods: The unmatched case-control study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, from March to April 2016, and comprised data of patients who visited the outpatient dental department. Face-to-face interviews and clinical examination were done. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 376 subjects, there were 188(50%) in each of the two groups. The mean age among the cases was 37.01±12.077 years and among the controls it was 28.06±9.591 years. Tobacco consumption and age >35 were significant predictors of tooth loss (p<0.05 each). Tobacco users with high duration and frequency had a significant value for increased chances of tooth loss (p<0.001). Both the smokers and smokeless tobacco users had more chances of tooth loss (p<0.001).
Conclusion: There was negative implications of smoking on oral health which increased the chance of tooth loss.
Keywords: Tobacco, Smoking, Smokeless, Pakistan, Tooth decay, Tooth loss, Oral health, Age, Education.

Background: Adolescence is characterized by thrill-seeking and looking for new experiences which are often accompanied with experimentation with substance use and testing boundaries with its attendant consequences. Aim: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the prevalence levels, pattern and types of abused substances in Lokoja metropolis and provide valuable information for stakeholders. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out among adolescents In Lokoja Metropolis of Kogi State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria from June to September 2018. Methodology: A questionnaire-based study using a simple random sampling method to select respondents. Results: A total of one hundred and sixty four questionnaires were administered after assent from the respondents and signed consent from parents or guardians. The respondents who were made up of 90 males and 74 females, 44 respondents fell between the age category of 10-13, 38 and 82 respondents fell within the categories of 14-16 and 17-19 respectively. Of these respondents, 5 were educated to primary school level, 129 to secondary level, 27 of them to tertiary level and 3 of them had no formal education at all. The use of illicit drugs appeared to be increasing with age, for Original Research Article Otorkpa; JALSI, 20(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.JALSI.48520 2 male respondent, 6.9% for ages 10-13, 14.2% for ages 14-16 and 32.5% for ages 17 to 19, among the female respondents same pattern was observed 0%, 11.76% and 11.9 % respectively for the same age categories. Furthermore, the use of illicit drug was more prevalent in males than in females, the prevalence rate for males was 20% and 9.46% in females. Overall, peer pressure was found to have the most influence among adolescents who use illicit substances and marijuana was found to be the most abused drug by adolescents in the metropolis, 46.67% in males, and 32.43% in females. However, the rate of abuse of codeine and non-codeine based cough syrups among females was also found to be higher and almost at par with marijuana 31.08%. Although there was a significant statistical relationship between age and drug abuse in males with a p-value of 0.024151 at p < 0.05, the relationship was not significant among females. Conclusion: The abuse of marijuana being the most abused drug by adolescents in the metropolis, 46.67% in males, and 32.43% in females in addition to the abuse of new substances especially the high rate of codeine and non-codeine based cough syrups among females is an important finding with far reaching public health consequences. There is the need for increased awareness on the harmful physical, mental and social effects of substance abuse and stricter enforcement of drug laws and regulations to protect adolescents.

El autor aborda el Trastorno por Dependencia de Marihuana desde la mirada del Tratamiento. Presenta la metáfora del Eclipse de la Contemplación como consecuencia de la intoxicación constante en este trastorno y por ello la imposibilidad de observar consecuencias (contemplación) que movilicen la superación del trastorno. Apela de una manera indirecta y construida desde su experiencia como tratante, a que el lector descubra el eclipse en el que nos encontramos al respecto.

The article will seek to explore the extent at which drugs had influenced young minds and  the role that should be played by parents of people who are affected by  drugs specially focusing on the young age starting from secondary and it also worsen at the university level. Drugs had been the small letter god being worshipped by the young age and used for various purposes such as pleasure, let go of the past and to discover youth’s time. One should note that Drugs had penetrated Africa and is the fastest growing sector which needs government to woke up before it’s too late. The World Health Organisation, WHO (1969) defines drug abuse as the persistent or sporadic excessive drug use inconsistent with or unrelated to acceptable medical practice. Drug abuse is the excessive use of drugs. The University of Maryland Medical Centre concurs with the above definitions that drug abuse is the recurrent use of illegal drugs or the misuse of prescriptions or over the counter drugs with negative consequences. These consequences may involve problems at work, school, and home or in interpersonal relationships.

Background: Idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (AIS) causes not only spinal deformities but rib cage abnormalities that lead to abnormal volumes and pulmonary capacity on pulmonary function testing (PFT). The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of a physical rehabilitation program on respiratory function in surgical patients with AIS. Methods: From October 2003 to October 2004, a total of 34 patients (age range, 10 to 18 years) presenting with AIS and a thoracic curvature between 45°and 88°were studied prospectively at a tertiary academic hospital. The patients underwent clinical and radiographic evaluations of the vertebral deformity, chest radiographs, PFT, evaluation of peak expiratory flow, and 6-min walk tests (6MWTs) before and after joining a physical rehabilitation program for 4 months. Results: An improvement in FVC, inspiratory capacity, FEV 1 , expiratory reserve volume, and performance assessed by 6MWT were observed after rehabilitation.

Abstract
Australia’sNational Tobacco Campaign (NTC) is one of Australia’s longest running public health campaigns and has been successful at reducing smoking rates in Australia since its inception in 1997 (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2020). While there has been a large amount of research investigating the NTC’s impact on reducing smoking rates (e.g. Boyle et al., 2010; Department of Health and Ageing, 2004; Young, 2016), there has been little research into the NTC’s campaign materials themselves and how they work to effect change. This thesis explores the development of these materials and the overall NTC from 1997-2019. It investigates how these campaign materials draw on various semiotic resources including language, image, film and sound to help stop Australians smoking. Throughout, the goal of this research is to understand the NTC in a way that can aid in the design of future public health interventions. To do so, this thesis employs the methodological approach of Positive Discourse Analysis which advocatesfor the analysis of successful interventions so as to inform future interventions (Bartlett, 2017; Martin, 2004b). This thesis also employs Systemic Functional Linguistics as its analytical approach to provide detailed text analyses of the NTC materials including TV ads, radio ads and posters. The analytical tools deployed in this thesis explore meanings across all three metafunctions.A key challenge for this research is to be able to link the multimodal patterns of individual campaign materials to the overall 22-year change and development of the NTC. In order to do this, this thesis proposes a set of ‘rhetorical strategies’ that offer a means of seeing patterns that recur throughout the campaign. These rhetorical strategies are ‘zoomable’ analytical tools in the sense that they can move between individual campaign materials, across whole
ivcampaigns, and all the way up to the NTC’s large-scale development over time, while at the same time, linking individual campaigns within the NTC to each other. Perhaps most importantly, these rhetorical strategies have also been developed to be appliable to both analysis and design.The first set of strategies concerns whether the materials frame their message in terms of negative consequencesof smoking, or positive outcomesof quitting. The second set of strategies characterise whether technical information is being given about the health effects of smoking or quitting, or whether individual and personalised stories and experiences are being foregrounded. The final set of strategies concern whether the messaging surrounds actual impacts that have already occurred for the smoker, or possible future paths –whether positive or negative –that they may travel on when smoking or quitting. Together these strategies build a complex yet consistent set of meanings that progressively build knowledge and values around smoking such that it is now uncommon in Australia for a person not to know that smoking kills

Özet
Uyuşturucu veya uyarıcı madde suçlarına yönelik mücadele stratejileri ve politikası, her ülke için ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Uyuşturucu madde kaçakçılığı suçu, ülke sınırlarını aşan bölgesel ve uluslararası düzeyde bir suç türü haline gelmiş bulunmaktadır. Bağımlı sayısındaki dünya çapındaki artış, uyuşturucu kaçakçılığındaki yasadışı yüksek gelir, başta terör örgütleri olmak üzere diğer suç örgütlerinin bu karaparadan artan ölçüde pay alma arayışına yönelmeleri, uyuşturucu üretimi ve kaçakçılığını hızlandırmış ve sorunu küresel düzeyde kapsamlı mücadeleyi gerektiren bir problem haline getirmiştir. Uyuşturucu probleminin çözümünün, uluslararası işbirliğini gerektiren ortak bir sorumluluk olduğu, uluslararası işbirliği ve koordinasyonun gerekli olduğu, suç gruplarına yönelik ortak operasyonel çalışmaların yapılması hatta ortak politika ve stratejilerin geliştirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Türkiye uyuşturucu ve uyarıcı maddelerin kaçakçılığı bakımından, coğrafi olarak stratejik bir noktada bulun-maktadır. Bu yönüyle uyuşturucu madde kaçakçılığından bazı maddelerden transit, bazı maddelerden hedef ve bazılarından da hem hedef hem de transit olarak etkilenmektedir. Maddelerin bu etki seviyesine göre yaygınlık oranları, Türk insanını da yakından etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle makalede, uyuşturucu maddelerin yoğun etki alanında bulunan Türkiye'nin, mevcut mücadele stratejisi ve politikaları ele alınıp genel olarak incelenecektir.


ALINTILAMA ÖNERİSİ
Gökçegöz, F. (2014), Uyuşturucu - Uyarıcı Madde (Narkotik) Suçlarına Yönelik Mücadele Stratejileri, Harmancı, F. M; Gözübenli, M. ve Zengin, C. (Ed.), "Güvenlik Sektöründe Temel Stratejiler" içinde (s.121-139). Nobel Yayınevi, ISBN:978-605-133-960-3


BİR BÖLÜMÜ BURADA YER ALAN KİTABIN TAMAMINA AŞAĞIDAKİ LİNKLERDEN ULAŞABİLİRSİNİZ
https://www.academia.edu/43834170/G%C3%BCvenlik_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Temel_Stratejiler
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294836329_Guvenlik_Sektorunde_Temel_Stratejiler