Sense of Place

Wir leben in Klangwelten, die unser Erleben einer lebendigen Wirklichkeit prägen. Wir suchen nach außeralltäglichen Klangerlebnissen in aufwändig inszenierten Spiel-Räumen. Diese Spiel-Räume sind Räume der erlebten Interaktion, es sind fremde Räume, in denen wir zu uns selbst finden wollen und die als Heterotopien Zerstreuung vom Gewöhnlichen versprechen. Die in diesem Buch vorgenommene phänomenologische Untersuchung beschreibt die Ästhetisierung des Lebens anhand der Klangräume der Erlebnisgesellschaft. Es ist eine Aufforderung zum kritischen Hinhören und ein Plädoyer für die Planungsrelevanz klanggeographischer Lebenswirklichkeiten.

The book is a phenomenological study of the sonorous dimension of ludic spaces. Drawing mainly on introspection, the study approaches various heterotopias like theme parks, stadia, protest marches, rock concerts and religious places through listening. The author explores a broad range of phenomenological literature on sound and space, including conceptual works on atmospheres.

In this chapter, I draw on Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy to explore environmental embodiment—the various lived ways, sensorily and motility-wise, that the body in its pre-reflective perceptual presence engages and synchronizes with the world at hand, especially its architectural and environmental aspects. First, I consider Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of perception, giving particular attention to his claim that perception involves a lived dynamic between perceptual body and world such that aspects of the world—for example, the heavy hardness of a granite block or the cool smoothness of a chrome railing—are known because they immediately evoke in the lived body their experienced qualities.

Second, I consider the architectural and environmental significance of what Merleau-Ponty calls body-subject—pre-reflective corporeal awareness expressed through action and typically in sync with and enmeshed in the physical world in which the action unfolds. I focus on the taken-for-granted sensibility of body-subject to manifest in extended ways over time and space. I ask how routine actions and behaviors of individuals coming together regularly in an environment can transform that environment into a place with a unique dynamic and character—a lived situation I term place ballet. For both perception and body-subject, I consider how qualities of the physical and designable world—for example, materiality, form, and spatiality—contribute to the lived body’s engagement with and actions in the world.

Note: This chapter was written in 2014 for a proposed edited collection on Merleau-Ponty and architecture. Unfortunately, the editors did not find a publisher(though I was never officially informed of this fact). The chapter has been rewritten, revised, and updated; see the above entry: "Merleau-Ponty, Environmental Embodiment, and Place" (2022)
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Forthcoming in a volume edited by Haraldur Bernhardsson. This article examines Landnámabók utilizing the anthropological distinction between place and space, defined within an understanding of phenomenology and emplaced paractice centered around the body. Based on a close analysis of several passages in Landnámabók, it argues that although there are some abstract spatial references in Landnámabók, the text shows a persistant concern with place rather than space. This manifests itself primarily in an interest in clockwise circumlocution which creates an empathetic familiarity with the landscape, an embodied map of the island. The implications of this finding are then explored in three ways: what it might suggest for other medieval texts that have been thought to demonstrate a greater interest in spatial categories but whose emplacement may be overlooked; how such emplacement could reflect a historical tradition tied to the act of enculturating an unknown land through a semi-ritualized and sacred act; and how appreciating the emplacement of the text and its emphasis on bodily interaction wth the landscape helps modern scholars situate the Old Norse corpus within the history of Western European thought about land and landscape. Our modern habitus and cultural preferences for space has, it is argued, caused Old Norse scholars to overlook or misunderstand the preponderence of evidence of an emplaced, pre-Cartesian world view permeating medieval manuscript pages. Landnámabók is presented as extreme in its dependence on knowledge of place for textual cohesion, but not unique within a textual tradition that is co-constituted with the landscape. The ubiquity of this close relationship between the body, the landscape, and the text suggests a culturally engrained attitude that would have had long-term efficacy outside of the texual tradition.

This article examines the conception of the everyday city as presented in the work of architect Christopher Alexander and architectural theorist Bill Hillier: Both thinkers suggest that, in the past, lively urban places arose unself-consciousty through the routine daily behaviors of many individual users coming together in supportive space and place. In different ways. both thinkers ask whether, today, a similar manner of vital urban district can be made to happen self-conscioustv through explicit understanding transformed into design and policy principles. The aim for both Alexander and Hillier is place-based urban communities marked by lively streets, serendipitous public encounters, and informal sociability. The article begins by examining commonalities and differences in Alexander and Hillier's conceptions of environmental wholeness and urban place. Next. the article considers implications for urban design and, last, indicates the considerable value that the two thinkers' ideas offer environmental philosophy, particularly for understanding environmental wholes.

Touching impermanence describes the experiential moment in an art encounter when​ one senses the enchanted reality of one's interconnections wit the sentient matterflow​ of existence. All matter in existence is constantly vibrating, changing,​ assembling and evolving into forms and organisms, cycli through decay and​ disintegration, then reforming again with diversity and difference; this is the​ impermanence of sentient matter-flow. Humans are j one form of these reciprocal​ assemblages; we are within and part of sentient matter-flow. We also co-create with​ sentient matter-flow, changing the cycles on micro and macro levels, just as they​ change us. On a macro level human actions have impacted and changed the Earth's​ biosphere, altering polluting sentient matter-flows to the extent that our present​ time period is becoming known as the Anthropocene, the human age of destruction​ an disconnection. There are many efforts to readdress our anthropocentric feelings of​ apathetic disconnection from the Earth; one is found in the arts correlates with my​ practice-led research.​ This doctoral study of sensate experiences of materiality and haptic thinking, which​ provide both maker an audience with direct palpable experience of time, forms a​ specific understanding of touching impermanence. My art processes involve working​ with ta materials such as beeswax; tree branches, stumps and bark; paper; ash;​ rocks; ice; snow; charcoal; light and fungi. Engaging with these materials cocreatively​ involves a methodology of touch, multisensorily following materialities'​ sentient matter-flow. Acting with the material, I am present to th material's own​ sense of time, interactions, agency, histories, layers of interbeing and interconnections​ with surrounding matter. This requires being op to the mysteriousness of materials,​ inviting moments of enchantment within art encounters and the realisation of touching​ impermanence. This thesis investigates my studio practice and works produced,​ alongside related practices of Australian and international artists, by drawing on the​ intersection between New Materialism discourses and Buddhist philosophy to​ address aspects of phenomenology and eco-philosophy in the complexities of these practices and artwork encounters. URI:

Salt domes are geological features that occur when areas of salt deposits are pressured into layers above them, causing dome shaped distortions in horizontal strata. In some instances, the distortions protrude above flat areas of land or else appear underwater as seamounts. In the case of the five Louisiana salt dome hills considered in this article, their distinct elevation above the swampy bayous and flatlands surrounding them has led to their characterisation as islands by indigenous Atakapa-Ishak peoples and by subsequent Francophone and Anglophone settlers. The article considers the ways in which the five salt domes' islandness has been perceived, enhanced and/or undermined by various local inhabitants and/or the commercial operations that have operated on them. Discussion of these aspects involves consideration of the manner in which the salt dome islands' islandness is mutable and complex, particularly with regard to human impacts. This mutability is discussed with regard to both individual island placenames and the islands' overall designations.

This article explores the increased enforcement of legislation pertaining to live music. The resulting litigation has brought to light conflicting agendas among municipal administration, actors involved in the music scene, and neighborhood associations. Since the fall of 2012, a new force emerged in this public debate, the Music and Culture Coalition in New Orleans. At stake are distinct perceptions of noise, of the uniqueness of the city, and of the nature of public space.

The exterior design of existing preschool environments is evaluated in the context of contemporary writings by architects focusing on creating designs that nurture childrenÕs emotions. Sense of place research is discussed in relation to young childrenÕs experiences. Findings reveal that the majority of sites included in the study incorporated many physical design elements that create a sense of place for children in preschool environments, including small-scale structures, windows, landscaping, natural wall materials, and thresholds. Recommendations for administrators and directors planning and designing a new or remodeled preschool environment include incorporating features that reflect home-like environments with windows, thresholds, and landscaping.

In an Australian context, all engineering projects are built on Aboriginal lands that have their own diverse stories, peoples and designs; yet in many cases, fostering meaningful relationships between these Aboriginal communities and projects' potential outcomes (social, economic and the like) is a challenge that seems to sit outside the projects themselves. This paper will briefly discuss the challenges presented by i) project scopes or timeframes that often do not align with Aboriginal community needs, such that ii) an engagement's authenticity can be affected, restricted or put in the 'too hard' basket and not done.

The paper will then present an inclusive Aboriginal-led co-design methodology that involves the following Aboriginal Design Principles: a) any Indigenous content will be led by Indigenous people, b) community should be involved in the designing where possible, and c) ensuring authentic outcomes for Aboriginal people, project deliverers and clients.

The paper will present a case study that successfully included cultural design in project solutions, the Southern Program Alliance (Melbourne). The case studies will demonstrate how engaging authentically with local Aboriginal Design Knowledge leads to culturally and economically empowering Aboriginal communities while also providing strong built environment outcomes that incorporate the area's diverse viewpoints

Flusty, Steven & Pauliina Raento (2010). Imagineered worlds: The design  of Las Vegas resort-casinos. In Rappaport, N., B. Denison & N. Hanna (eds.): Learning in Las Vegas: Charles Atwood/David M. Schwartz, 52–71. Yale School of Architecture, New Haven & W. W. Norton, New York.

Increasingly marked by ethnic resettlement, large-scale development and the destruction of cultural places, today's world challenges the essential bond between indigenous peoples and the land. Popular ideas about the supportive role of long-term, phenomenological links to place and heritage appear to be losing their relevance. Yet, a closer look at the complexity of human connections to place reveals how painful memories and discomfort can also generate strong bonds that affirm community and cultural cohesiveness. Place-making in indigenous heritage landscapes marked by colonialism is often ambivalent, evoking Ruth Benedict's observation that the sacred ‘may be a source of peril or it may be a source of blessing’ (1934:28). Though the actual meaning of places may be fraught, a shared approach to such heritage can bind communities together, overcoming historic silences and a violent past. With specific reference to ethnographic research in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, I illustrate the contingency of indigenous processes of place-making that are based in personal belief, discomfort and colonialism as much as affirmative interaction with the physical world.

Gambling in Macau was liberalised in 2002, when the People’s Republic of China was also campaigning for the city to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. In 2005, while the opening of new monumental casino venues began to critically transform the cityscape, Macau’s Historic Centre became China’s 31st World Heritage site. In this chapter, I examine how the expansion of gambling and global recognition of the city’s heritage have generated urban and political ambivalences stemming from the intersections of global capitalism, identity formation, and development, despite new regulations and coordinated efforts across the fields of urban planning, heritage preservation, and land use. I analyse how China’s national program for Macau has entailed both the regeneration of gambling as a powerful regional industry and the ‘essentialisation’ of heritage, showing that the attendant processes of city-making and urbanism have continued to allow flexibility and improvisation under the pressures of tourism promotion.

Drawing on previous work on environmental justice, social construction of environment, and sense-of-place theory, this paper will examine the relationship between inequity, landscape meaning, and place identity using the case of the Gullah/Geechee. This study will examine the effects of changes to the environment and landscape on members of the Gullah/Geechee community, focusing on possible effects on place identity due to acts of environmental injustice, specifically among residents of Hog Hammock on Sapelo Island, Georgia.

Bruges est une ville en couleurs dont un écrivain flamand francophone de la fin du XIX e siècle, Georges Rodenbach (1855-1898), a fait depuis 1892 la célébrité mondiale en la peignant en noir et blanc dans un roman illustré de cartes postales désertes. Venise a gardé tout le coloris pour elle, la Venise du Nord est définitivement pâlie. La puissante ville commerciale du Moyen-Âge avait renoncé à désensabler son port, elle rencontra un jeune poète bruxellois, d'une vieille famille de brasseurs originaires d'Allemagne, qui la dota de l'image du temps arrêté dans le silence, dont elle n'a pu se départir depuis.

This article explores exclusion and sense of displacement through the austerity experiences of young adults in Ballymun, a disadvantaged urban neighbourhood in Dublin, Ireland. Such youth encountered exclusion on the labour market, urban housing, and support services. As austerity intensified urban exclusion, youth's affective relations with their neighbourhood, their city, and the state transformed. Using the concept 'at-homeness', it is argued that reduced income and funding for social services resulted locally in a partial 'sense of displacement'. Nationally, the class character of austerity reduced sense of belonging as youth felt betrayed and unfairly treated. It is argued that social, economic and political developments affect at-homeness, and that reduced sense of belonging induced by austerity can lead to a sense of displacement, not through physical movement, but by estrangement from the places one inhabits through processes of abandonment. Therefore, sense of displacement is expanded beyond gentrification as it can emerge from socioeconomic transformations in a more-or-less stable physical and demographic environment.

The aim of this paper is to situate the Sardinian village within the flux of contemporary social transformations that stand poised to redefine it. Specifically, it examines the highland village of Orgosolo, understanding it as a site that concentrates a clear set of cultural self-definitions that stand opposed to perceptions of life beyond the locality. A key element of local discourse is a view of the collective historical experience that
underscores the social, political, and cultural marginality of rural life in central Sardinia, and associates the village with a dissident identity that is reaffirmed by a social memory of violence suffered at the hand of powerful outsiders from Antiquity onwards. Yet, this perspective on the locality is not the sole one, and as such the village presents a contested site where the normative traditionalist vision holds little traction among an ascendant generation of urban-oriented youth who, for their part, reject the past and any definition of village identity explicitly associated with it.

In this chapter we outline two premises that provide a viable theoretical basis for intergenerationally-focused, place-responsive education. On their basis, intergenerational
learning is said to have occurred when people of more than one generation respond to generational differences within a place. The contribution we seek to make comes from bringing together theories of the socio-material, place and learning, embodied experience, non-representation, and intergenerationality.

Alue, paikka ja identiteetti ovat nousseet 1990-luvulta alkaen eri puolilla maailmaa akateemisen tutkimuksen ja yhteiskunnallisen keskustelun avainkäsitteiksi. Tämän kehityksen keskeinen tausta on globaalin talouden muutos, jonka myötä kilpailuajattelu on vähitellen yleistynyt talouden lisäksi muillakin yhteiskuntaelämän osa-alueilla, muuan muassa koulutuksessa. Alueellista lähtökohtaa korostava uusregionalismi on yksi ilmentymä kilpailuajattelusta. Sen mukaan alueetvarsinkin tärkeimmät kaupunkialueet ovat taloudellisen kasvun keskeisiä moottoreita ja niiden imagot sekä identiteetit ovat tärkeitä pääomien ja koulutettujen asukkaiden houkuttelemisessa alueille. Äärimmillään tämä ajattelu korostaa eräänlaista alueiden taistelua toisiaan vastaan. Alueet eivät ole jääneet pelkiksi keskustelun kohteiksi, sillä monet valtiot -Suomi mukaan lukienovat muovanneet aluerakennettaan uuteen uskoon tehdäkseen siitä entistä kilpailukykyisemmän (Moisio & Paasi 2013). Aluejärjestelmää uudistetaan eri aluetasoilla. Tämä ilmenee valtioiden sisällä alueidenesimerkiksi maakuntien tai kuntienpoliittisen ja hallinnollisen roolin kasvattamisessa/pienentämisessä, alueliitoksissa ja ylipäätään alueiden oman roolin, omaehtoisuuden ja identiteettien korostamisessa. Aluekeskeinen ajattelu ilmenee myös valtioiden yhteistyössä niiden rakentaessa ylikansallisia alueita. Euroopan Unioni on kenties vaikuttavin esimerkki tästä kehityksestä. Alueiden Eurooppa ja alueellinen identiteetti ovat tärkeitä ilmauksia Euroopan Unionin viljelemässä sanastossa. Vahvat alueet ja identiteetit nähdään aluekehitykselle välttämättöminä voimavaroina ja Euroopan integraation osatekijöinä. Alueiden liitokset ja ihmisten lisääntynyt liikkuvuus erityisesti työpaikkojen perässä ovat todennäköisesti merkinneet alueiden, paikkojen ja ihmisten tunneperäisten sidosten heikkenemistä. Muutokset ovat myös herättäneet vastarintaa, mikä on näkynyt Suomessa muun muassa kuntaliitosten vastustamisessa (Zimmerbauer & Paasi 2013).

Mimarlık, doğa içerisinde doğayla birlikte bir yapma eylemi midir yoksa bütünüyle
doğaya karşı bir tavır mıdır? Doğadan bağımsız, münferit bir birey olmak için mi
mimarlık yapma eylemine ihtiyaç duyarız, yoksa onunla birlikte yaşayabilmek için
mi?
Toplumsal düşüncenin fiziksel karşılığı olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz mimarlık
ürünlerinin doğayla kurduğu ilişkinin temelinde, toplumun doğa düşüncesinin
olduğu varsayımı, çalışmanın ilk çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Doğa
düşüncesinde 16.-17. yüzyılda başlayan menfi yöndeki değişimlerin mimarlık
nesneleri üzerinde yoğun olarak görünür olduğu 20. yüzyıl modern mimarlığı,
çalışmanın tarihsel kapsamının ilk sınırlarını çizer. Bu tarihsel aralık, özellikle ev-doğa
ilişkisindeki kopmanın ilk örneklerini yoğun bir şekilde barındırması
bakımından da önem arz etmektedir. Bahsedilen kopuşun çalışma içerisinde
incelenen kesitini, mimarlık nesnesinin fiziksel olarak doğadan ayrışmasının yanı
sıra, kullanıcısının doğayla kurduğu ilişkideki ayrışma oluşturur. Bu filtrelemenin
oluşturulması, modern mimarlık pratiğinin, insanın tüm duyularını tasarım girdisi
olarak kullanmıyor olmasından ve kullanıcının doğayla olan ilişkisini görme
eylemiyle sınırlı kılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.
Modern çağın, görme duyusunun hegemonyası üzerine kurulu olan yapısı,
mimarlık/ev nesnesini kullanan insan öznesi ile doğa arasındaki ilişkinin şeklini
belirlemiş/değiştirmiştir. Bu varsayıma göre, çok-duyulu tasarım anlayışından
uzak, sadece görme duyusunun ihtiyaçlarına yanıt veren bir ev kurgusu “insan”ı
bütünüyle bir tasarım girdisi olarak ele almaz. İnsan varlığının bütün ihtiyaçlarının
göz önünde bulundurulmadığı bir yapıyı mesken olarak tanımlamak güçleşir. Bu
noktada, modern evin ve kullanıcısının, doğayla kurduğu ilişkinin sorgulandığı bu
çalışmaya, başka bir parametre eklenmektedir: Modern çağda meskenin durumu.
Bu bağlamda; çalışmanın doğa, duyular ve mesken olmak üzere üç temel mesneti
vardır.
Çalışmanın temel amacı, 20. yüzyıl modern mimarlık ortamında doğayla ilişki kuran,
kullanıcısının doğayla doğrudan ilişki kurmasını mümkün kılan, mesken ve çokduyulu
mekân olma niteliği taşıyan evin varlığını, günümüz mimarlık düşünce ve
pratiğine referans oluşturması için sorgulamaktır. Ev kurgusunda aranan bu
nitelikler, çalışma içerisinde kavramsal okuma yöntemi aracılığıyla Le Corbusier,
Adolf Loos, Frank Lloyd Wright ve Richard Neutra’nın ev mimarlığı üzerinden
incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda Neutra evlerinin; modern mimarlık ev
pratiklerinin arasında; doğayla ilişki kuran, kullanıcısının doğayla doğrudan ilişki
kurmasını sağlayan, kullanıcısına çok-duyulu mekân deneyimi yaşatan, klasik
manada özne-nesne kurulumunu sağlayan ve mesken olma özelliğini taşıyan
modern ev örneğinin temsilleri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Neutra’nın insanı ve doğayı
önceleyen mimari tasarım prensiplerinin, düşünce ve eylem düzleminde, günümüz
ev mimarlığı için kavramsal bir temel olarak kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Modern Ev, doğa, mesken, duyu, Richard Neutra

The Goutte d’Or neighborhood of Paris has long been seen as an impoverished yet colorful quarter of the city. In recent years, it has also developed a reputation as a center for immigrants. Three populations now share the neighborhood: the European French, the Maghrebi immigrant population and their children, and the newest population of migrants from former Francophone colonies. This paper examines how the Goutte d’Or’s social and ethnic identity is revealed in the built environment and in its social and economic activity. This neighborhood demonstrates how different communities and place identities coexist. It also shows how global networks of migration, exchange, and visits infuse local places. The Goutte d’Or distills many aspects of French immigrant identities, providing an example for increasing numbers of immigrant neighborhoods in France and across the world. Keywords: place-making, place identity, Paris, ethnicity, landscape, immigration

One of the lacunae of traditional music scholarship in England has been the lack of systematic study of folk song and its performance in discrete geographical areas. This thesis endeavours to address this gap in knowledge in a small way, through a study of Cumbrian folk song and its performance over the past two hundred years. Although primarily a social history of popular culture, with some elements of ethnography and a little musicology, it is also a participant-observer study from the personal perspective of one who has performed and collected Cumbrian folk songs for some forty years. The principal task has been to research and present the folk songs known to have been published or performed in Cumbria since circa 1900, designated as the Cumbrian Folk Song Corpus: a body of 515 songs from 1010 different sources, including manuscripts, print, recordings and broadcasts. The thesis begins with the history of the best-known Cumbrian folk song, ‘D’Ye Ken John Peel’ from its date of co...

Please note that this is the original unpublished version which has now been peer reviewed and published (see 'Making Sense of a Sense of Place' above). The review process required some significant editing changes be made to this original version.

The term ‘sense of place’ has become a ubiquitous piece of phraseology in contemporary Western culture; however its meanings are as diverse as its use is common. The primary aim of this paper is to clarify more precisely what the term ‘sense of place’ actually means, in response to the driving thesis that its present multifarious use renders the term so amorphous in meaning, that its power of meaning is lost. To corroborate this supposition, examples of the term’s multiple uses are portrayed, including its conflation with the related terms ‘spirit of place’ and genius loci. The Roman term genius loci is identified as the root from which both the terms ‘spirit of place’ and ‘sense of place’ stem, and in order to untangle their conflated use, the interrelated history of all three terms are mapped from their respective points of inception to present day. Having established this etymological and historical foundation, the importance of being linguistically precise in our use of the term ‘sense of place’ is argued within light of the added theses that, a) fostering the subjective reality of sense of place is essential to individual and social welfare, and b) that using the term more exactly is a necessary prerequisite to its being taken seriously enough to be incorporated into Western systems of governance and social policy. Finally, distinct definitions for each of the different terms are suggested and briefly discussed.

John Sayles is one of America’s most successful independent filmmakers, whose works include Return of the Secaucus Seven (1980), City of Hope (1991), and Lone Star (1996). This article examines Sayles’ portrait of place in Sunshine State (2002), a film set in Plantation Island, Florida, where large-scale corporate development is transforming two communities—one black, the other white—into upscale winter resorts. Sayles’ film probes the place experience of some sixteen vividly drawn characters and illuminates how the same physical place, for different individuals and groups, can evoke a broad spectrum of situations, meanings, and potential futures. One of Sayles’ conclusions is that people cannot escape the place in which they find themselves. They can, however, learn from that place and thereby decide whether and in what ways they will offer that place commitment or not.

This article is the first academic study of a significant twentieth-century periodical genre, the county magazine. Through a content analysis of a successful example, Lancashire Life magazine, it introduces regional differentiation into current scholarship on the middle classes in the second half of the twentieth century. The analysis, from the magazine’s launch in 1947 to the end of the post-war boom in 1973, identifies changes over time in editorial attitudes to class, the South of England, modernity and the past. These changes correlate closely with wider national images of northern England, with the most confident self-images – of Lancastrians as wealthy, cosmopolitan and sophisticated, and proud of their history and traditions coinciding with the popularity of northern culture in the late 1950s and early 1960s. These distinctive regional self-images add to the work of Russell in challenging over-simplified conceptions of twentieth-century middle-class culture as homogenous and ‘national’.

The lack of an overarching narrative of place for Northern Ireland, and its territorial conflict, have resulted in fragmented, highly localized and strictly bounded senses of place. This is nowhere more evident than in Belfast, a city profoundly shaped by its sectarian geographies. As a result, what theorists have come to characterize as the relative liberty of urban space is overtly compromised, with movement through and within Belfast being restricted by the policing of its internal boundaries. These difficulties, and their gendered effects, are focused here in relation to the particular experience of artist Sandra Johnston. Johnston made two performative pieces in response and resistance to the spatial constraint she had undergone on the Lower Newtownards Road, a loyalist area of East Belfast. Johnston disrupts the performance of order and control evident in Belfast's politico-religious territories, and offers a radically alternative negotiation of space, which I argue is personally, communally and politically significant.

This essay aims to provide a phenomenological reading of two distinct communities. One is an organic settlement, the town of Cavtat, situated on the Adriatic coast. The other -central Mississauga -is situated near Toronto, Canada, and is typical of many North American suburban developments. Following a discussion of the significance of the notion of implacement for phenomenology, each community is surveyed in turn. Despite obvious spatial and temporal differences between the two settlements, the paper concludes by identifying converging images of significance -images that may help to illumine, in a preliminary way, some essential moments in the evolution of sense of place.

Aritha van Herk’s Places Far From Ellesmere is informed by the contrary dynamics of the centripetal forces of “emplacement” as “entextment,” and the centrifugal drive of dis-location striving to eschew textual and territorial enclosure. Taking its cue from the author’s suggestion that her text is “a map masquerading as a book,” this paper propose to examine how she unsettles the traditional definition of place to write unmappable, unfixed and unfixing geografictione.

Key words: cartography, map, place, exploration

Full article: https://representations.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/IMG/pdf/4-letessier.pdf

This ebook is a narrative account of the Joint Review Panel hearings for the Northern Gateway Pipeline which is tied to a physical journey by the author along the proposed pipeline route. The research seeks to understand how the local value of place is gauged against the economic value of large-scale industrial projects in the environmental assessment process. Using a qualitative case study, this work examines the testimony of local communities from the Northern Gateway Pipeline review hearings to investigate how individuals expressed value for the places they inhabit across geographic regions. A photographic essay links the physical landscape to voices from the testimonies. Findings from the study reflect changes in cultural practices as an expression of place, and increasing opposition for the pipeline when moving from east to west.

This paper describes the application and results of two studies using a qualitative tool designed to examine sense of place in relation to presence research in the BENOGO project. The 'place probe' incorporates a range of techniques aimed at articulating a person's sense of place, these include: verbal descriptions; sketch maps; salient features; semantic differentials and six words that best describe the experience of being in a place. The paper will describe the application of the probe in both a physical place and a virtual representation of that place. The Analysis of the results reveals a similarity of reported experience in both places, but that the extremes experienced in the physical place were more flattened in the virtual representation.

Abstract: This article expands on the research methodology I developed for my master’s thesis in Human and Social Development at the University of Victoria’s Studies in Policy and Practice Program. The title of my thesis is “Lateral Violence as a Process in First Nations Institutions”. In the methodology chapter, I incorporated a Coast Salish formal introduction protocol, which is an act of acknowledging who I am, what tribe I come from, and my lived experience as a Coast Salish person, through text and painting acrylic on canvas. In this article I explore how to incorporate Coast Salish research methodology into
an interdisciplinary framework, as part of my philosophy doctorate in the Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program at the University of British Columbia. I also elaborate on the oral history in the Coast Salish formal introduction.

This is an early unpublished draft of a book chapter whose final version appears in the edited volume Dispatches from Pakistan published by University of Minnesota Press. Specifically, I study the struggles over access to fishing waters, land, and economic opportunities in Gwadar Town that have shaped the emergence and resurgence of political identities among its Baloch residents and transformed its cultural and political landscape. I point out that, in contrast to Pakistani and Chinese governments’ ambitions plans for regional economic hegemony, Baloch fishermen and political activists have their own visions of future and their right to place. In articulating their claims, they draw upon generations of experience in laboring in and ‘cultivating’ the sea, intimate geographies of kinship, work, and seafaring, and their senses of neighborhoods, fishing waters, and beaches as animated places filled with memory and nostalgia.

In recent years interest has emerged regarding the geographies of higher education students, particularly in patterns of mobility and dispersion. While anecdotal rhetoric suggests a 'typical student' exists within UK institutions, what resonates is the notion that students are inherently heterogeneous, experiencing University in differing ways and times according to their circumstances and year of study. This paper uses 'walking interviews' conducted with University of Portsmouth students as a way of unpacking in more detail how 'non-local' students might go about interpreting their sense of place within their term-time location. This methodology was designed specifically to ensure discussions of 'sense of place' remain directly in the context of the city and recognises the adaptive relationships students have with their term-time locations. This is important as there is a tendency within the literature to focus solely on the transition into University, ignoring that students often experience pressures throughout their degree pathway. These pressures can be linked to various social and spatial changes, such as insecurities regarding fitting in amongst unfamiliar peer groups or a lack of confidence concerning engagement with academic and non-academic practices, and draws attention to the non-linearity of students' associations with their term-time location.

"The Unfixed Landscape" pairs the landscape photography of Meghann Riepenhoff and Matthew Brandt. While the physical practices of these artists vary—one develops cyanotypes while the other works with chromogenic prints—both are intent on engaging with the landscape in unconventional ways. Riepenhoff and Brandt challenge the standard expectations and understanding of what photography is. When the medium gained rapid popularity at the turn of the twentieth century, it was largely due to its reproducibility and accuracy in capturing the subject. These two artists push against these staples of the craft by instead making prints that are wholly unique and partially or completely abstracted. Their embrace of the genre of landscape photography is simultaneously a denial of these expectations. Nevertheless both practices cannot be extricated from the history of art, and photography specifically, that grapple with portrayals of nature. Indeed, it is fruitful to plumb Riepenhoff and Brandt’s work in order to place them within an art historical framework, something that has been not been done in depth until now.

There are two key ideas that will be highlighted through a historical framework that provide the foundation necessary for understanding the work within our present day study of the photographs. The motivations for creating the discussed noteworthy artworks from the past carry forward and are the same impetuses that Riepenhoff and Brandt are tapping into today, but with new approaches: they empower organic matter to take a role in depicting itself, thus placing themselves as collaborators with nature, and they introduce a terrain to an audience for whom it is foreign or distant through innovative techniques. Their continuation of this exploration in today’s contemporary digital landscape make their works relevant and worth our consideration.

In this essay, their artwork will be considered in the context of four historical periods and specific artists active during those periods that directly correlate with the conceptual intentions or physical practice of Riepenhoff and Brandt. The discourse focuses on the rise of cyanotypes during the mid-nineteenth century, nineteenth century Westward expansion landscape photography, the Land Art movement of the late 1960s, and the return to outdated alternative photographic processes and concern for materialism during the late 1960s.

This working paper explores the social geography of anticipation, desire, exclusion, and control that has emerged as a result of Baloch fishermen’s entanglement with the Pakistani government’s plans todevelop a large commercial seaport in the small coastal town of Gwadar. Keeping in mind the centrality of everyday experiences in generating social forms, this paper describes how development, transnationalism, and ethnic identity are (re)configured on the ground. It is based on ethnographic encounters that foreground the lived experiences and imaginations of fishermen from Med kinship group who occupy a subaltern position within the local status hierarchy. On the one hand, the promise of becoming modern citizens of the future mega city incites new desires and longings among those fishermen who facilitate their incorporation into emergent regimes of labour and entrepreneurship. On the other hand, Pakistani security forces have tightened their control over the local population by establishing a cordon sanitaire around Gwadar Port and the town. These mechanisms of control have disrupted local fishermen`s experiences of place and intimate sociality and introduced elements of exclusion, fear, and paranoia. By interrupting the fishermen`s expectations of their rightful place in the city, it compels them to think of alternate ways to confront the state’s development agenda, including peaceful protest and armed struggle .

Ever since the 1980s, architectural discourses have been dealing with concerns about the new millennium. These concerns have underlined that one of the most important aspects of designing an architectural project is to envision the design of the site and the building itself together rather than designing them separately. The paper discusses an architectural design process that focuses on the transformation of voids to place, while developing a sense of place. To this end, the paper suggests that such a transformation of voids have the potential to integrate interior and exterior spaces. Discussions on the integration of interior and exterior spaces have been a commonplace in architectural agenda. However, there is a lack in researches on the means that would ultimately lead such a design process towards the transformation of voids into interfaces between interior and exterior spaces.

In Shakespeare's classic work Romeo and Juliet, one of the key characters Juliet Capulet, famously ponders one evening on her balcony, 'What's in a name?'. This question has been the central focus of this thesis, although rather than directing attention to personal names, as was Juliet, the doctoral research program sought to uncover the essential constructs and explore the functions of toponyms (place names). The central tenet of the thesis was founded on the principle that whilst toponyms are utilised by people on a daily basis, their central importance in daily social functions had previously mostly been overlooked by academic researchers. Whilst the main focus of prior academic research had been directed towards exploring the socially and culturally constructed meanings of physical and emotional places, it was hypothesised that toponyms also play an important role in symbolising historical cultural identity and provide a means of locating and differentiating places from each other. As previous research has shown that people form attachments to places because they are important to daily functioning, the research program set out to investigate whether similar attachments to toponyms may be said to occur. Essentially, the aim was to discover whether the existing theories on place attachment, identity and dependence could be extrapolated to explain the social and cultural roles of toponyms, or whether new theories were required. The doctoral research program utilised the Grampians (Gariwerd) National Park name restoration program of 1989/1990 as a case study through which to explore the key thesis questions. The National Park was selected as the case study area because in 1989 the Government of the State of Victoria, Australia, proposed to restore Indigenous names (and thereby remove non-Indigenous names) for the park and various features within it. This proposal was met with large-scale public reaction, with those opposing the idea essentially stating that removing the non-Indigenous names would cause confusion and be tantamount to erasing colonial history in the area, whilst those who supported the proposal asserted that it would give recognition to the importance of Indigenous cultural heritage and provide a boost to tourism in the area. iii The research program involved gathering information published at the time of the proposal and undertaking surveys and interviews with those involved in the debate to collate a collection of data through which to investigate the key thesis questions. This thesis determines whether the participants had formed attachments, identities or dependencies with the toponyms central to the name restoration proposal. The theory of toponymic identity and its key components of history, community, emotions and actions is rationalised and an introduction to the proposed theory of toponymic dependence is provided through discussion of its key components location, promotion and identification. The ultimate intention of the thesis is to propose the meta-theory of toponymic attachment, which is comprised of toponymic identity and dependence, and to explore ways in which it is related to, but distinct from, existing widelypublished theories on place attachment. iv Statement of Authorship Except where explicit reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person's work has been relied upon or used without due acknowledgement in the main text and bibliography of the thesis.

Pedagogy of the Place –
the Local Culture in Case of Modern Human’s Identity Formation
This paper is devoted to scratching problems, which are undertaken by one of trends in the modern pedagogy – pedagogy of place. Anthropologically considered local place evoking a cultural identity is included here in the perspective of a post-modern transformation, which leads to a change of traditional places’ status, their hybridization, lass and disappearance. The subject of researching interest is a problem concerning the construction of young people identity on the basis of locality. This process, in the light of pedagogy of place, appears to be important, it must be realized with respecting some necessary postulates.