PLE

and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? This booklet is about culture and about practice. We have collected theories, models, and tools for reflection, analysis and development of the staff role in PBL. We have chosen to conceptualise this role as facilitation in a PBL environment in order to stress that in a PBL culture, the students are playing an active part and make core decisions on their own. The role of academic staff is to motivate learning processes, to point out possible directions, to help in difficult situations, to empower the students and sometimes to answer students' questions. The difficult part is to find out which strategy is the right one for a given situation. The content in this booklet has developed during training session of academic staff at Aalborg University and we hope that it can serve as a source of inspiration to others in the field.

La emergencia de modalidades de participación política y de procesos organizativos entre las mujeres indígenas de Argentina debe situarse en el entrecruzamiento de dos procesos: por un lado, en el protagonismo que están disputando las mujeres en las comunidades y organizaciones de militancia indígena y, por el otro, en la influencia de un discurso, de naturaleza transnacional y multicultural, que crea a "la mujer indígena" como nuevo sujeto de políticas gubernamentales y, con ello, promueve el ingreso de dinero para financiar proyectos que la tienen como beneficiaria. Este trabajo aborda algunas de estas modalidades de participación política, deteniéndome en varios escenarios con el fin de problematizar algunos ejes de la discusión que atraviesan el "movimiento de mujeres indígenas" de América Latina y Central y que, recientemente, han comenzado a discutirse aquí en Argentina, Palabras clave: mujeres indígenas, participación política, Argentina, género.

The current article derives from the first stage of the research project “Virtual communities of youth: making visible their learning and knowledges”, funded by The Reina Sofia Centre on Adolescence and Youth (Second Call for Research Grants-2015), exploratory and with a duration of one year. The main goal of the study is identifying and mapping typologies of youth virtual communities, exploring them as learning and knowledge production spaces, and analyze how and what the young people who participate in them learn. In this first stage we carried out a cartography of the virtual communities with Spanish youth participants. In the second stage, from a virtual ethnography approach, we will carry out a depth study of those communities that are most significant among those identified in the first phase (from 4 to 6) for their relevance to young people learning. The results of this contribution focuses on the identification and mapping of the communities. We have identified 25 virtual co...

Varias tendencias rigen los intentos por desarrollar una teoría del aprendizaje de adultos y para estudiar y educar a jóvenes, adultos y adultos mayores en los distintos niveles y modalidades educativas. Aquí se presentan y analizan estas distintas perspectivas con el objetivo de identificar los principales postulados y métodos de investigación, así como supuestos que guían los métodos educativos para adultos. Se proponen a la conceptuación de solución de problemas y del aprendizaje situado como las más adecuadas para estudiar el aprendizaje de adultos en contextos naturales de su trabajo. Se presenta un balance de las fortalezas y debilidades de las distintas posturas, y se concluye con el papel del psicólogo educativo y las necesidades de investigación en el campo. Términos clave: <Aprendizaje de adultos> <necesidades del alumno> <necesidades individuales> <motivación del alumno> <solución de problemas> <alumnos adultos> <andragogía> <autoaprendizaje>

In 2023 I collaborated with Aboriginal educators Leon Hayward and Dennis Taylor to develop and teach a theological course for the First Nations Ministry Training program in Perth, Australia. We researched various active and imaginative teaching and learning approaches to discover the most effective methods for engaging our students.

Área temática: A.9) Sujetos de la educación Línea temática: Experiencias y sentidos que elaboran los sujetos de la educación sobre sus procesos formativos (trayectorias escolares, relatos de vida de directivos y maestros de educación básica, trayectorias académicas) Tipo de ponencia: Reporte parciales o final de investigación Palabras clave: entornos personales de aprendizaje, estudiante universitario, comunicación, TICs, aprendizaje autorregulado, ecología del aprendizaje.

We present interim results from a large study that tracks undergraduate students&#x27; interaction with a variety of online media designed to enhance learning in an on-campus environment. Four different courses from the disciplines of Psychology, Physics and Divinity are tracked. The analysis is focused mainly on course-specific features of student usage and how these map onto the intended learning objectives for the individual courses; however, a comparison of usage across the courses is also presented. We conclude with a forward ...

Many viruses possess temporally unfolding gene expression patterns aimed at subverting host defenses, commandeering host metabolism, and ultimately producing a large number of progeny virions. High throughput -omics tools, such as RNA-seq, have dramatically enhanced resolution of expression patterns during infection. Less studied have been viral satellites, mobile genomes that parasitize viruses and have far reaching effects on host-cell fitness. By performing RNA-seq on infection time courses, we have obtained the first time-resolved transcriptomes for bacteriophage satellites during lytic infection. Specifically, we have acquired transcriptomes for the lytic Vibrio cholerae phage ICP1 and all five known variants of ICP1’s parasite, the Phage Inducible Chromosomal Island-Like Elements (PLEs). PLEs rely on ICP1 for both DNA replication and mobilization, and abolish production of ICP1 progeny in infected cells. We investigated PLEs impact on ICP1 gene expression and found that PLEs d...

This study compared the effect of Virtual Laboratory Experimentation (VLE)-use of virtual apparatus and material to conduct an experiment on a computer-and Real Laboratory Experimentation (RLE)-use of real apparatus and material to conduct an experiment in a laboratory-on undergraduate student teachers' understanding of electric circuits. A pre-post comparison study design was used for this purpose that involved an experimental (45 students) and a control group (43 students). Both groups used the same instructional method (inquiry) and instructional material (Physics by Inquiry-McDermott, 1996). However, participants in the control group used RLE to conduct the study's experiments in a physics laboratory, whereas, participants in the experimental group used VLE to conduct the same experiments on a computer. Conceptual tests were administered to assess students' understanding of electric circuits both before and after the study. Results indicated that the use of VLE improved students' achievement and understanding more than RLE

Historically, elearning has adopted the most common pedagogical models in Distance Education and it has been gaining increasing importance, as Higher Education Institutions are offering more and more online degrees. However there is a gap between theory and practice. What are the actual pedagogical models followed by the teachers online? Do they follow the theoretical models or do they adopt a mix of different models? What is the role of the services and tools available in the pedagogical practices, namely the Personal Learning Environments (PLEs)? How are Higher Education Institutions adapting themselves and which are the future trends for elearning? This paper tries to shed some light on these questions based on two interviews: one to Prof. Graham Attwell and the other to Prof. José Lagarto. Showing some skepticism about the adoption of elearning by Universities, the interviewees consider that PLEs are indeed capable of bringing a quality increase in the learning process. They als...

Resumen: En el presente capítulo intentamos hacer una primera aproximación al actual concepto de pedagogías emergentes y hacer explícitas algunas de sus características-algunas análogas a las de las tecnologías emergentes-, así como delimitar algunos de los principios que actualmente las de nen en el entorno educativo.

BackgroundCognitive models of adult psychosis propose that negative schematic beliefs (NSBs) mediate the established association between victimisation and psychotic symptoms. In childhood, unusual, or psychotic-like, experiences are associated with bullying (a common form of victimisation) and NSBs. This study tests the mediating role of NSBs in the relationship between bullying and distressing unusual experiences (UEDs) in childhood.MethodNinety-four 8–14 year olds referred to community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services completed self-report assessments of UEDs, bullying, and NSBs about the self (NS) and others (NO).ResultsBoth NS and NO were associated with bullying (NS: r = .40, P &lt; .001; NO: r = .33, P = .002), and with UEDs (NS: r = .51, P &lt; .001; NO: r = .43, P &lt; .001). Both NS and NO significantly mediated the relationship between bullying and UEDs (NS: z = 3.15, P = .002; NO: z = 2.35, P = .019).ConclusionsChildren&#39;s NSBs may mediate the adverse psycho...

Libro de Actas | 100 XVI Symposium Internacional sobre el Prácticum y las prácticas externas: "Prácticas externas virtuales versus presenciales: transformando los retos en oportunidades para la innovación." SYMPOSIUM AUTOORGANIZADO REDTICPRAXIS RES0020 Análisis de videoexperiencias en la RedTICPraxis (Red sobre las TIC en prácticum y prácticas externas)

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la efectividad de los recursos educativos digitales para el aprendizaje en la Unidad Curricular Base de Datos, carrera Licenciatura en Educación mención Informática, Programa de Humanidades y Educación, Núcleo LUZ-COL, permitiendo la incorporación de la informática educativa, y el uso efectivo de los recursos edu-cativos digitales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, lo que se traduce en obtener efectos positivos de su aplicación a corto, mediano y largo plazo. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva, comparativa, prospectiva y evaluativa; con diseño cuasiexperimental, de campo. La muestra estuvo conformada por sesenta (60) alumnos, se realizó la aplicación de una prue-ba objetiva, a un grupo de estudio tradicional sin la aplicación de recursos educativos digita-les, e igualmente, a los estudiantes de un grupo de estudio de control mediante la aplicación de recursos educativos digitales, esto con el fin de comparar los ni...

El objetivo de la investigacion fue determinar la efectividad de los recursos educativos digitales para el aprendizaje en la Unidad Curricular Base de Datos, carrera Licenciatura en Educacion mencion Informatica, Programa de Humanidades y Educacion, Nucleo LUZ-COL, permitiendo la incorporacion de la informatica educativa, y el uso efectivo de los recursos educativos digitales en los procesos de ensenanza y aprendizaje, lo que se traduce en obtener efectos positivos de su aplicacion a corto, mediano y largo plazo. La investigacion es de tipo descriptiva, comparativa, prospectiva y evaluativa; con diseno cuasiexperimental, de campo. La muestra estuvo conformada por sesenta (60) alumnos, se realizo la aplicacion de una prueba objetiva, a un grupo de estudio tradicional sin la aplicacion de recursos educativos digitales, e igualmente, a los estudiantes de un grupo de estudio de control mediante la aplicacion de recursos educativos digitales, esto con el fin de comparar los niveles de ap...

En esta comunicación, se explica el trabajo que se está desarrollando, en utilizar la bidimensionalidad como medio de comunicación en los foros electrónicos, con el objetivo de fomentar y fortalecer la lectura crítica de los participantes de postgrado del Instituto Latinoamericano de la Comunicación Educativa (ILCE). Concretamente, se presenta el uso de código QR como estrategia para compartir los resúmenes de los textos solicitados, además de las reflexiones y retroalimentación entre ellos, en tan solo 140 caracteres. El artículo se organiza en cuatro apartados generales. En primer lugar, se presenta el Estado de Arte del objeto de estudio, en el cual, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, se define el concepto de lectura crítica y el uso de código QR como recurso didáctico. En el segundo apartado se explica la experiencia realizada con alumnos del módulo de Educación a distancia, sustentada en los principios que Paul y Elder (2003) quienes proponen para el desarrollo del pensami...

La introducción de la tecnología en el ámbito de la educación, supone para las instituciones de educación superior modificaciones en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje con la inclusión de entornos virtuales; los cuales han tenido una trayectoria positiva en tanto que cierran barreras de espacio y tiempo y permiten el desarrollo de currículos a personas con dificultades para el acceso y la movilidad o que disponen de tiempo limitado. Por lo anterior, los entornos virtuales son la alternativa para satisfacer las necesidades que actualmente tienen la mayoría de la población Colombiana para el acceso a la educación superior. Se ha visto también que el desarrollo de entornos virtuales genera mayores habilidades ya que el estudiante es capaz de crear su propio conocimiento, de desarrollar sus ideas y de promover estudio de tipo colaborativo, por esto también el estudiante de entornos virtuales requiere de características como son autonomía, autodisciplina, autogestión, pensamiento crítico y...

Neste capítulo, após apresentar algumas definições de termos linguísticos importantes para o tema da variação linguística (pluricentrismo, variedade, dialeto etc.), faz-se um breve panorama histórico da discussão do estatuto das variedades nacionais da língua portuguesa.
Na segunda parte, analisam-se cinco afirmações falaciosas que surgem frequentemente no contexto do ensino de PLE: “O Professor deve ser capaz de ensinar PE ou PB a seus alunos”; “O Português Europeu é menos inteligível”; "Não se deve misturar as duas variedades”; “O Português Brasileiro é mais simples” e “O Português Brasileiro é mais útil”. Objetiva-se apresentar uma visão crítica que demonstra as razões pelas quais tais afirmações deveriam ser cuidadosamente examinadas por quem pensa e trabalha com a difusão da língua portuguesa antes de serem simplesmente repetidas pelos profissionais de PLE.

Libro de Actas | 100 XVI Symposium Internacional sobre el Prácticum y las prácticas externas: "Prácticas externas virtuales versus presenciales: transformando los retos en oportunidades para la innovación." SYMPOSIUM AUTOORGANIZADO REDTICPRAXIS RES0020 Análisis de videoexperiencias en la RedTICPraxis (Red sobre las TIC en prácticum y prácticas externas)

The growth of Internet has led to the development of new systems of teaching and learning, which have gone hand in hand in the field of higher education with the arrival of the new curricula demanding a new view in the university education. In this paper we give some hints of what the personal learning environments are and their relationship with the university education. In order to carry out this, we show the design of a PLE developed by the students of second course of Childhood Education Degree from the University of Cordova, within the dynamics of the degree itself, allowing the link of its contents to the curriculum of the new syllabus.

Undoped self-assembled GaN quantum dots (QD) stacked in superlattices (SL) with AlN spacer layers were submitted to thermal annealing treatments. Changes in the balance between the quantum confinement, strain state of the stacked heterostructures and quantum confined Stark effect lead to the observation of GaN QD excitonic recombination above and below the bulk GaN bandgap. In Eu-implanted SL structures, the GaN QD recombination was found to be dependent on the implantation fluence. For samples implanted with high fluence, a broad emission band at 2.7 eV was tentatively assigned to the emission of large blurred GaN QD present in the damage region of the implanted SL. This emission band is absent in the SL structures implanted with lower fluence and hence lower defect level. In both cases, high energy emission bands at approx. 3.9 eV suggest the presence of smaller dots for which the photoluminescence intensity was seen to be constant with increasing temperatures. Despite the fact th...

In this chapter, I move from a standpoint arguing that multicultural and pluralist
societies produce social conflicts because diversities seem to be unavoidable contradictions.
When faced with conflicts, we almost instinctively go on the defensive;
we tend to avoid conflicts rather than deal with them. The law is ontologically a
social structure conceived as a set of practices to prevent conflicts. It prescribes
several judicial models to manage conflicts deciding who is right and who is wrong
in accordance with its prescriptions. In this way, the law has become, over time,
almost a self-referential institution, which appears self-sufficient and often even
distant from the mechanisms that work in everyday life. Since the law is prevalently
an instrument of power, conflicts arising from and feeding off the coexistence of
plural societies often appear impervious to legal dynamics.

Introduction: The study of motivation and its role in the process of teaching and learning foreign languages has achieved an increasing relevance in the field of Applied Linguistics and in the specialized literature. Dörnyei"s Process Model of L2 Motivation is one of the several theories based on interpretations of the motivational process and the variables that influence it. It divides the learning process into two dimensions: an actional sequence, composed of the preactional, actional and postactional phases, and the motivational influences that underlie and fuel the learner"s behavioral process. Objectives: This study aims to identify the motivational influences on the actional phase of the individuals investigated, based on Dörnyei"s Process Model of L2 Motivation; to examine the nature and the circumstances that determine the fluctuations observed in the subjects; and to point out the motivational strategies to maintain or regain enthusiasm to keep learning. Methodology: This research is longitudinal and predominantly qualitative. Eight undergraduate students from the English Bachelor"s Degree of the Universidade Federal do Pará were investigated and data were collected from a narrative, three questionnaires and an interview, from March 2010 to June 2011. Results: Motivating and demotivating factors that influence the behavior of students and different fluctuation patterns during the actional phase of their learning process were observed. They all vary according to their personal characteristics, knowledge and use of management strategies on motivation and self-motivation. Conclusion: Dörnyei's Process Model of L2 Motivation (2011) proved to be very useful to support the data analysis in this research. Motivation is seen as a dynamic phenomenon, which may vary positively or negatively, depending on the beliefs and perceptions of each student and their ability to manage it. This variable feature can lead teachers to consider the influences that vary according to the learner him/herself, but also to the moment of the learning process he/she is at, as well as help them select strategies that promote motivation and prevent its ebb tide during the learning process.

I nuovi stimoli maturati in ambito storico-educativo, a partire dall’emergere del filone di studi relativo alla cosiddetta cultura materiale della scuola e dal diffuso interesse per i beni culturali scolastici, così come dalle contaminazioni determinate dallo sbocciare della nuova museologia, hanno portato a uno sviluppo importante dei musei della scuola e dell’educazione negli ultimi decenni. Le origini di questa particolare tipologia di musei possono essere tra le più varie. Alcuni nascono a seguito di importanti progetti universitari e sulla base di accurate ricostruzioni storico-educative. È questo il caso del Museo de la Educación de la Universidad de País Vasco (Meupv), che si presenta in questa sede. Il museo spagnolo ha una sua peculiarità del tutto specifica, sia per la capacità di promuovere uno sviluppo continuo degli studi di settore, con ancoraggio solido alla storia dell’educazione locale, sia per quella di rivolgersi a un pubblico diversificato e quindi anche non specialista attingendo a molteplici canali di comunicazione, secondo la recente prospettiva della public history of education.

The present project aims to introduce the use of Personal Learning Environment, PLE, in the educational practices at the PostGraduate of Educational Psychology. Currently, this PostGraduate program uses a Virtual Community as a platform for the promotion of the relationship between teachers and students from the several promotions of Master degree and Ph. D. The program also offers virtual classrooms to support the face-to-face sessions for mandatory subjects and for the complementary curricular activities. Our next step will be to add a new level between on-line classrooms and the virtual community and offering students the opportunity to build their own PLE. The main objective of our proposal is related with the use of a PLE platform in order to promote innovation in the design of higher education environments. The design should offer more flexibility and possibilities to combine the institutional (formal) virtual environment with a more customizable environment that the students should configure following their interests and preferences. In this way, students could have more control over managing their own learning processes. Using PLE platform, our aim is to encourage students to explicit and share with other some resources, services and online applications even to share their own network learning whereby they participate in different educational and professional contexts. In this proposal we describe the first phase of the Project. The main focus of this phase has been a pilot study in order to evaluate Elgg, an Open Source Social Networking Engine, as the technological platform to allow the students configuring their personal learning environments. We detail the overall design decisions regarding the selection and configuration of Elgg's tools or widgets for building PLE. From our perspective, PLE building should consider three different levels of resources or widgets: widgets for elaborating information, widgets for sharing information and widgets for publicizing information. The different widgets, at the three levels, should offer the possibilities to work in three levels of "activity": personal level, small group level and the whole community level. In short, from of our point of view, building a PLE suppose decide how to create, organize and maintain both the personal network of resources for learning as the persons from whom to learn at any moment. Finally, we analyze the structure of the PLEs configured by a group of 16 students over a semester and the effective uses of the possibilities offered by the several tools. We contrast too these results with the assessment of the students themselves about their experience in configuring and using these environments for learning.

The usage of rigorous analyses based on contemporary methods to enhance psychometric properties of screening questionnaires aimed to address psychotic-like experiences (PLE) is currently being encouraged. The Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-psychotic States (BQSPS) is a recently created tool addressing PLE beyond attenuated positive symptoms (APS). Its psychometric properties as a screening tool for first step assessment seems to be adequate, but further research is needed to evaluate certain validity aspects, particularly its dimensionality, internal structure, and psychometric properties in different populations. We assessed the reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity of BQSPS in two samples: 727 adolescents aged 13-18 years, and 245 young adults aged 18-33 years. We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The original four-factor structure was not replicated. The best fit in adolescents was obtained by a structure of threecorrelated factors: social anxiety (SA), negative symptoms (NS), and positive symptoms (PS). This structure was confirmed in young adult subjects. The three-factor model reached a predictive capability with suicidality as external criterion. PLE are represented by a threefactor structure, which is highly stable between adolescent and young-adult samples. Although the BQSPS seems to be a valid tool for screening PLE, its psychometric properties should be improved to obtain a more accurate measurement.

In this paper we present advances of a case study designed to determine which student behaviors are more informative when classifying LMS's users according to their learning style. This case study represents the first step towards developing a mechanism for automatic detection of learning styles in LMS, which takes into account behavioral, affective and performance patterns. The contribution of this paper will benefit researchers and practitioners in the field of educational technology with interest in generating personalized learning environments based in LMS.

Abstract: In these days the learning experience is no longer confined within the four walls of a classroom. Computers and primarily the Internet have broadened this horizon by creating a way of delivering education that is known as eLearning. In the meantime, the Internet or, more precisely, the Web is heading towards a new paradigm where the user is no longer just a consumer of information and becomes an active part in the communication. This two-way channel where the user takes the role of the producer of content triggered the ...

The pronunciation and conjugation learning process of Portuguese verbs requires a huge effort from non-Portuguese speakers, since there are several rules and irregularities in the Portuguese grammar. Thus, this dissertation aims to simplify the above-mentioned pronunciation and conjugation of Portuguese verbs by creating a website focused on this subject. This website allows to conjugate each verb at both orthographic and phonetic ways. Moreover, it is also possible to hear these verbs by using a speech synthesis system. To create the speech synthesizer, an HMM was used (HTS). The HTS creates the HMM models to further be used in speech synthesis. To create the HMM models, the HTS needs to perform a training based on a database of audio files. These audio files contain records of speech from two different speakers a male and a female ones. After training process, files describing the synthetic speech are created. These files are then used on the website, allowing the users to listen ...

As stated by previous researchers, in an increasingly competitive environment, organizations need to develop successful innovations to compete and survive in the long term. Furthermore, sustainability and social issues are gaining increasing importance, to the extent that they are now a matter of high concern for firms and for society. Therefore, organizations cannot improve their results at any price and must be responsible for the consequences of their activities, including innovation. In these conditions, a growing demand for new leadership styles and behaviors arises to face this complex context. Stewardship is a leadership behavior that shows great concern for the impact of the organization's activity on society. A quantitative study has been conducted with the purpose of providing empirical evidence of the relationship between leaders' stewardship behavior and innovation success, using radical innovation as an explanatory variable. To confirm the hypotheses, structural equations were used on a dataset from a sample of 300 questionnaires from Spanish companies. The study empirically validates the proposed conceptual model. Results show how radical innovation fully mediates the relationship between leaders' stewardship behavior and innovation success.

The usage of rigorous analyses based on contemporary methods to enhance psychometric properties of screening questionnaires aimed to address psychotic-like experiences (PLE) is currently being encouraged. The Brief Self-Report Questionnaire for Screening Putative Pre-psychotic States (BQSPS) is a recently created tool addressing PLE beyond attenuated positive symptoms (APS). Its psychometric properties as a screening tool for first step assessment seems to be adequate, but further research is needed to evaluate certain validity aspects, particularly its dimensionality, internal structure, and psychometric properties in different populations. We assessed the reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity of BQSPS in two samples: 727 adolescents aged 13-18 years, and 245 young adults aged 18-33 years. We used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The original four-factor structure was not replicated. The best fit in adolescents was obtained by a structure of threecorrelated factors: social anxiety (SA), negative symptoms (NS), and positive symptoms (PS). This structure was confirmed in young adult subjects. The three-factor model reached a predictive capability with suicidality as external criterion. PLE are represented by a threefactor structure, which is highly stable between adolescent and young-adult samples. Although the BQSPS seems to be a valid tool for screening PLE, its psychometric properties should be improved to obtain a more accurate measurement.

Virtual Learning Communities (CVA) by definition, are aimed at learning and building knowledge both individually and collectively in a technology mediated environment characterized by interactions and collaborations. The profusion of technological developments in the last decade has encouraged the parallel development of multiple and varied CVA that respond to different socio-cultural types and contexts. Therefore, in this paper we care about analysing the scientific production done on this subject in Spanish and Portuguese during the last decade. Following a qualitative bibliometric design, a sample of 73 items obtained from Scopus, CSIC, Dialnet and CAPES databases has been studied, using a registration categorized in bibliographic components (year, keywords, number of authors, number of pages) and thematic elements (authors’ institution, context, purpose and type of community, virtual support and type of contribution). After an information content analysis, the findings show an i...

In the current era, the firms are not competing on the basis of products but today's competition is on the basis of services. In today's technological era, the increasing growth of service sector posed a global challenge and at the same time an opportunity for the organizations. This paper gives a clear understanding about the constituents of "resource" for service firms, because with the technological revolution the conceptual definition of a nation's or firm's resource has dramatically changed. For this purpose, the knowledge, networks and technology are scrutinized as interdependent elements. The maintenance of network with outside and inside partners and customers of the organization is facilitated only by technology. Technology cuts cost and specifically its radical impact is on the way of thinking about "resources" of a country or firm. This study contends that in service firms, technology, network of relations, and knowledge is the ultimate "resource" that provide potential for innovation. Operationally, novelty can be understanding as an organization's anticipation to "feel for the consumer" by providing superior value to the customers. Furthermore, it is also arguing in this study that, when a company is capable enough to focus its all energies to think on customer's behalf, innovation in service then starts.

In the present study, the volatile composition of wood chips from several botanical species potentially relevant for oenological purposes, namely acacia (unknown specie), chestnut (Castanea sativa), cherry (Prunus cerasus) and oak (Quercus robur) was studied by GC/MS. In order to evaluate the effect of the toasting process on volatile compounds contents we have extended our study to wood chips from the botanical species described above, subjected to different toasting levels, such as untoasted and medium toast. To achieve this goal, a preliminary step comprising the extraction of the volatile compounds by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been performed followed by the analysis and identifi cation of those compounds by GC/MS. The identifi cation was tentatively achieved attending to the characteristic fragmentation patterns of these compounds and by comparison with those reported in the literature. The determination of linear retention indexes has allowed the confi rmation of those attributions. Within this study, we were able to identify 45 compounds, arising from polysaccharides, lipids, lignin and polyphenols degradation. Additionally, 16 other compounds were identifi ed in the different wood species under study although their origin is not fully known. In general, our results showed differences among the volatile composition of the different botanical species studied in this work and the infl uence of toasting degree was also observed in this study. RESUMO No presente estudo, os compostos voláteis de aparas de madeira de diferentes espécies botânicas potencialmente relevantes em enologia, acácia (espécie desconhecida), castanheiro (Castanea sativa), cerejeira (Prunus cerasus) e carvalho (Quercus robur) foram estudados por GC/MS. De forma a se poder avaliar o efeito da queima no teor em compostos voláteis, este estudo foi também efectuado em aparas de madeira das espécies acima indicadas, sujeitas a diferentes níveis de queima: não queimadas e queima média. A primeira etapa deste estudo consistiu na obtenção dos compostos voláteis das amostras em estudo por extracção com solvente pressurizado (PLE), seguida da análise dos extractos obtidos por GC/MS. A identifi cação dos compostos foi efectuada por comparação com os padrões de fragmentação dos compostos em estudo, por comparação com os referidos na literatura. A determinação dos índices de retenção linear permitiu a confi rmação da identifi cação. Foram identifi cados 45 compostos, provenientes da degradação dos polissacarídeos, lipídos, lignina e polifenóis. Foram ainda identifi cados 16 compostos, embora a sua origem não seja totalmente conhecida. Os resultados demonstram que as diferentes espécies botânicas em estudo apresentam diferenças na composição volátil. O efeito da queima na composição volátil foi também observado.

Neste estudo, 14 agrotóxicos (captan, clorotalonil, deltametrina, dicloran, fention, folpete, iprodiona, linurom, malationa, prometrina, procloraz, procimidona, triclorfom e trifluralina) foram usados no desenvolvimento de um método multiresíduos (MRM), utilizando extração de cenouras com líquido pressurizado (PLE). A etapa de clean-up foi realizada por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (MSPD), sendo testados como material dispersante o Florisil, XAD-4, XAD-7 e C18. Diclorometano, acetato de etila e acetona foram empregados como solventes para PLE, a 75 ºC e 1.500 psi. As recuperações dos analitos para cenouras liofilizadas ficaram na faixa de 70 a 133%. Entretanto, os percentuais de recuperação obtidos para as cenouras úmidas não foram satisfatórios (< 70%). Os coeficientes de determinação das curvas analíticas situaram-se na faixa de 0,9821 a 0,9997; os limites de detecção (LOD) e de quantificação (LOQ) para os vários compostos investigados ficaram entre 0,0024-0,1968 mg kg-1 e entre 0,0072-0,5963 mg kg-1 , respectivamente. In this study, 14 pesticides (captan, chlorothalonil, deltamethrin, dicloran, fenthion, folpet, iprodione, linuron, malathion, prometryn, prochloraz, procymidone, trichlorphon and trifluralin) were employed for developing a multiresidue method (MRM) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). In situ clean-up was achieved using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), where Florisil, XAD-4, XAD-7 and C18 were tested as dispersing material for carrot samples. Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and acetone were used as solvents in a PLE unit at 75 ºC and 1,500 psi. Recovery was in the range of 70 to 133 %. Results obtained with wet carrots were not satisfactory, since most of the recovery values were below 70%. Determination coefficients of the analytical curves presented values between 0.9821 and 0.9970. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the various components varied from 0.0024 to 0.1968 mg kg-1 , and 0.0072 to 0.5963 mg kg-1 , respectively.

In a remote computer-mediated collaboration, co-workers have a limited perception of each other. Virtual humans can be used to increase interaction by immersion in 3D collaborative virtual environment. We discuss solutions to immerse shared 2D applications in a 3D world and to represent user actions on the application as avatar actions in the 3D virtual immersive inhabited world.

Los ajís (Capsicum spp.) son especies de importancia para el Perú por su gran crecimiento en la agroexportación y consumo a nivel mundial. Su preferencia está basada en la existencia de especies  con  distintos  grados  de  picor,del  moderado  al  muy  intenso,  además  de  ello  enlos últimos  años  ha  atraído  la  atención  de  los  científicos  por  ser  una  fuente  rica  de  metabolitos promotoras  de  salud:  como  los  carotenoides,  ácido  ascórbico,  tocoferoles,  flavonoides  y capsaicinoides, sin embargo el conocimiento, caracterización y comparación de los ajís nativos aún es limitada; por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el rendimiento de extracción de oleorresina, color extractable, pungencia, cuantificar capsaicinoides  y  carotenoides totales presentes en el ají trueno (Capsicum anuum)cultivado en la zona de Chimbán.Laextracción y análisis de olerresinas fueron realizadas mediante Soxhletytécnicas de ASTA. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos en la extracción de oleorresinas fueron de 11,88 % (+-0,21)  en base al  contenido  de  materia  seca  del C.  annuumtriturado,  un  contenido  del  color  extractable  de 68,56 ASTA (+-0,02) por cada 100 g de muestra de materia seca se obtuvo 132,22  mg (+-0,01)  de  capsaicina,  32,22  mg  (+-0,01)  de  dihidrocapsaicina  y  23,611  unidades  Scoville; asimismo, se encontraron 2,40 mg (+-0,002) por gramo de materia seca de carotenoides totales, por lo que se clasifica al C. annuumcomo moderadamente pungente. Determinándose que el grado de rendimiento de la oleorresina presente contribuye en la pungencia del C. annuumy lo constituye  como un  producto  nutracéutico  debido  al  aporte  de  capsaicinoides  y  carotenoides brindando soporte a la seguridad alimentaria local.