National Development

The role of language in facilitating national development can never be over-emphasised because the national understanding and cohesion that run on the wheels of language create opportunities for sustainable development. An integral aspect of language that typifies this is translation which serves as a key contributing force towards the consolidation of understanding while creating opportunities for personal, group and national development. The study and practice of French Translation now increasingly offer more opportunities for creative and constructive engagement of Nigerian youth as student translators empowered to meet  French Translation/Interpretation needs in canned/preserved food and drug sectors of the country. Suffice it to add, these initiatives carry the prospects of reducing Nigeria's double-digit unemployment rate, curb youth restiveness, banditry and militancy, provide credible alternatives to crime, prostitution and illegal migration, thereby contributing to national development in quantum leaps and bounds. This paper, aspires to initiate ways in which the teaching of French Translation in Nigeria Universities can include Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) with a view to unleashing the productive capacity of Nigerian translation students as well as channel their energies towards worthy ventures in sustainable growth and national development through TQA of the French Translation in canned/preserved foods and drugs. The paper provides fresh insights on how Nigerian universities can increase their contributions to national development by maximally leveraging on TQA of French Translations of canned/ preserved foods and drugs to access funding for initiatives that fall under current donor mappings.

A  functional  vital  registration  system  in  any  country  ,  by  supplying  the  most  reliable  data  on deaths and births and population dynamics, provides indicators for health and development. This study  examined  the  effect  of  birth  registration  in Nigeria,  implication  for  national  development and  planning.  The  study  adopted  expo  facto  in  its  methodology.  Data  was  collected  from  CBN statistical bulletin, 2016. Linear regression was used to test the study hypothesis. The result of the study  revealed  that  Birth  registration  has  a  significant  effect  on  national  development  and
planning (r =  .743; p = .014; F = .9.87). it was concluded that No nation can effectively plan and develop without a reliable population profile obtained from population data and vital statistics

The oil sector has generated huge revenue to the Nigerian Economy, yet the prevalence economic situation rather than showcasing the benefits from this economic driver of Nigeria, depicts a divergence view about the economy. The question is what happens to the manufacturing sector, human capital development and the agricultural sector of the economy? This paper attempted to descriptively analyze the trends of oil revenue and oil export as it relates to other potential economic variables required for the transformation of the Nigerian economy. The paper also make a comparative analysis of how such chosen variables behave before and after democracy to determine the period where oil revenue management impacted positively on the economy as a means of enhancing the standard of living of the ordinary Nigerian, their health status, infrastructural facilities like power etc. However, recommendations has been proffer for policy makers and the stakeholders, which if adequately implementated will enhance efficient and effective management of Nigeria oil revenue with the broad aim of transforming the economy and positioning it for global relevance.

Need acceptance of substantial state intervention.
Need high performing institutions developed as needed in light of historical process of development.
Manufacturing is important.
Developed countries hypocritical in applying different standards at home and abroad.
Playing field tilted in favor of the winners.
Current (neoliberal) period features lower levels of growth than earlier periods.

The paper examined the contributions which the Church had made to national development. The Church was established in 1846 by a group of Missionaries sponsored by the Church of Scotland Mission. Calabar was the first place the church came to. She has since grown to become The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria with 10 Synods, 63 Presbyteries and 464 Parishes. National development was explained as the ability of a nation to improve the lives of its citizens through measures that may be material or social. Thus national development includes the full-growth and expansion of industries, agriculture, education, social, religious and cultural institutions. The Church was finally seen to have striven and continues to strive to influence the total development of the citizens through human resource development, agricultural development, health care provision, community development, encouragement of peaceful co-existence and social justice as well as responsible use of the media.

Because of the state's unique role in China's national system of capitalism within the post-Cold War international system, state capitalism in catch-up development, as practised by China, is different from the historical patterns in the previous two rounds of "state capitalism". In particular, the state is in command of new tools and instruments to control and coordinate the behaviour of national capital, making it possible for a genuine model of national development to emerge. Meanwhile, the hybrid nature of state capitalism of China implies that it is interested in promoting a set of 'parallel structures' in global governance without mounting a full-scale challenge to the current institutional structure of the global system. The nature of the domestic complex of state capitalism in China foresees that these 'parallel structures' will continue to exist without directly replacing Western-dominated structures in global governance. However, the long-term sustainability of such parallel structures is highly contingent upon China's relative position within the capitalist world system and the nature of global capitalism.

Philosophy is a living subject which embraces all dialectical interpretations of life changes in society. To discuss development without philosophy is ridiculous as development at whatever stage cannot exist without philosophy. Philosophy has increasingly
been subordinated to ideological interests and imperatives which has
not only falsified the essential functions of philosophy in national
development but had also resulted in unphilosophical devaluation of
philosophy. This paper seeks to highlight the importance of philosophy in national and human development.

Development as a widely participatory process of social change in a society
requires a mutual exchange of communication between the development
agents and their target audiences. Hitherto, broadcasting through the radio
in Nigeria has been in formal English language and the three major
Nigerian languages (Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo) until recently when
Nigerian Pidgin English speaking stations were established. This paper
examines the extent to which broadcasting in Nigerian Pidgin English is
extensively and substantially used in communicating issues of national
development. The perception of listeners of Wazobia FM and Naija FM was
investigated. Findings from the study revealed that most of the
respondents listen to the stations regularly and perceived that messages
from the stations are capable of helping listeners understand discussions
on national and developmental issues. The paper recommends that
governments and social workers should package and disseminate
development-oriented messages through broadcast stations that use
Nigerian Pidgin English so as to reach broader spectrum of the society.
Key Words: Broadcasting; Communication Tool; National Development;
Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE); Pidgin English Broadcast Stations.

Questions of how to define public values (PVs), measure specific values and form a paradigm with broad applicability have perplexed elites for decades. This paper introduces a five-dimension integrated PV theory and evolves the paradigm of Public Value Account (PVA) proposed by
Moore. Through the annual PVs “loss-creation” statistical table, PVA exhibits the process, in which area, in what ways, of PVs creating or losing in a “T- shaped” and open-ended account. A G20 case study using cross-sectional date for 2006 and 2016 is presented to prove the availability of PVA in trans-regional and inter-temporal comparison.

The ideology of Social Responsibility is such that presupposes the entrenchment of communal ethical philosophy for the purpose of societal integration, unification, social, political and economic development (National Development). It should guide the interpersonal and intrapersonal relationship of the people occupying a distinct ecospace and geographical entity, for a balanced and hormonal society. Over the years, this ethical philosophy has been narrowed to mean only for business and institutionalized social responsibilities, herein Corporate Social Responsibility; a philosophy of simply receiving and not giving back, and has become a corporate norm that has informed many decisions and actions in the society at large. This again has over the years had profound influence on the policies and attitudes of citizens towards patriotically centred issues. Hence the need for an encompassing social responsibility framework which includes but not limited to ethics and values, patriotism, nationalism amongst others and understanding by all citizens is thus an issue of necessity. The research work advocates for a strong management policy that is all encompassing in collaboration with management professionals. That national issue is given individual importance while individual challenges can be given a national priority for a harmonious and prosperous society. Methodologically, survey was carried out to bring about the outcome of research and indeed the solution sustainable national development in Nigeria, is solely being socially responsible to issue of national concern and having respect for ethics and values and embracing the Change. 

Keywords: Social Responsibility, Ethics, Values, Morals, National Development, Ideology.

Development is critical and essential to the sustenance and growth of any nation. A country is classified as developed when is able to provide qualitative life for her citizenry. Nigeria in the last fifty years has been battling with the problems of development in spite of huge human, material and natural resources in her possession. The paper discussed the problems affecting national development as well as strategies for achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. The paper adopted secondary data as sources of information. The paper concluded that faithful implementation of development plan, commitment on the part of the leaders and absence of corruption are required for the achievement of sustainable development in Nigeria.

Providing the equally distribution of the economical welfare between society parts, cities and regions is showing up in todays societies by force of social state understaning. Providing the equilibrium mentioned is possible by the coordinately and compatible relationship between national, regional and
local development programmes. This policy is, at the same time, among the important elements of economical and social rapport and communal stability.
In Turkey where serious development problems and instabilities have been experienced either on national or local scale, there have been some policies, projectsand studies for the resolution of these problems continuing for many years. Turkey who lives the European Union candidateship process
recently, exploiting the EU experience on development policies. National and regional development plans prepared by State Planning Organization, EU supported regional development grant programmes and etc. have made some predictions and presented some practice strategies.
In this study, the relationship between national and regional development will be examined. For this purpose, first the terms; development, national development, local development, regional development and rural development are tried to be defined to create a conceptual framework and then the
improvement process for these terms briefly reviewed. After this conceptional introduction, the development policies that have been implemented in Turkey are tried to be classified according to their historical processes and implementation areas. Finally, a brief evaluation about the success of these
development policies and practices has been done.
Keywords: Development, National Development, Local Development, Regional Development, Rural Development.

Innovation and creativity that is considered one of the pioneers in the development of micro issues do not only contribute to maintaining the organization's existence, but also provide important contributions for social development. Innovation makes the way for providing economic superiority, considering that macro dimension. The way to achieve innovative results is through training creative labor. Hence, researchers have focused on identifying the conditions that influence individual creativity and have been increasingly interested in the relation of innovation and creativity to education. J. P. Guilford (1950) in his opening speech of the American Psychological Association has touched on why schools are not training more creative individuals and has fired up the interests in the area. Education, creativity, and innovation are psychological processes that facilitate the transformation of individual work roles, teams, organizations and even countries into desired results. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship of education with creativity and innovation. Additionally, it is mentioned about creative education, the role of teachers/lecturers in creative learning and The Global Innovation Index. As a result of this conceptual study, it is emerged that preparing the conditions of innovation for the individuals leads to creative learning and teaching, and it is suggested to carry out practical researches related to this topic.

ABSTRACT
This paper attempts to examine and evaluate the origin, causes, and suggested solutions to National Security Issues and challenges. The paper highlights the ongoing concerns, challenges and proffers solutions which citing Mr. President as the only authority that should acknowledge the failure of the security agencies and provide complete overhaul of the Security Agencies to pre-empt these security breaches. In particular, the failure of the intelligence services to contain the recurring security breaches. Such as the spate of bombings which has once more brought to limelight the need for a Sovereign National Conference. And until these structural distortions and anomalies are addressed, the monster of insecurity will loom large. The paper recommends that Mr. President has the power to act decisively to execute his office, and this can be achieved by implementing the anti-terrorism law and punish culprits of such heinous crimes capable of causing instability in the nation. This paper also discusses the instrumentality of effective use of the Islamic panacea in tackling moral degeneration and insecurity that have both become the bane of Nigeria. From this paper, we see that it is expressly stated in our Constitution that the Government(s) is ultimately responsible for the security of lives, property, etc of the people of Nigeria.

Keywords: Security, National Security, National Development, Boko Haram, Insecurity

In discussing about Entrepreneurship and Education, we are attempting to show the connection between innate and acquired abilities. Some individuals are born with certain traits that allow them transform ideas into reality (innate ability – entrepreneurship) while, others are able to do so via the process of training and capacity development (acquired abilities – entrepreneurship). It is for this reason that the Federal government of Nigeria has made it mandatory for entrepreneurship to be taught to all university students across the country.
This directive is based on a fundamental assumption that an entrepreneurially minded individual will rather than search for elusive jobs, become a job creator for others. Another fundamental understanding here is that education can boost
*entrepreneurship – because *it can be taught, learnt, and applied… and in-turn this enhances socio- economic transformation which ultimately defaults into national development.
In this paper we attempt to establish the linkages between education (…the acquiring, enhancing and transfer of knowledge…) and entrepreneurship (… which is a fundamental component of economic activities, and national development) as well as discussing or analyzing educational contributions to entrepreneurial development – in Nigeria.

Keywords:
Education, Entrepreneurship, innate-abilities, acquired-abilities, National Development.

The business of development preoccupies all governments as their primus duty. Government at all levels continually to put in place programs and strategies to realize all the importance objective. This paper is subdivided into: Abstract; Introduction; Conceptual Discourse on Development, Planning, Nigeria as a

This paper examines Aristotle's views on good governance and political stability. It holds that lack of good governance is responsible for political instability and societal decay. It highlights the contradictions which impede good governance, and promote political instability. These are lessons for Nigeria to learn from. The paper attempts to Subject governance in Nigeria to some critical examination. This critical appraisal is as a result of the seeming conspicuous gap between theoretical demands and the practical realization of good governance. The Aristotelian theory on good governance is applied to the Nigerian situation, with the conclusion that good governance is indispensable for national development, and that to achieve peace and stability, oar leaders must be well co-opted in the act of governance. They must spare no effort to ensure adherence to Aristotle's views, especially on how to achieve good governance and political stability. The same effort is also expected of the citizenry, by ensuring that they abide by the principles of moral virtues and the rule of law, and to ensure that obedience to the demands of good governance and political stability are not compromised.

Keywords: good governance, political stability, national development, moral virtues, rule of law

The pride of any government is the attainment of higher value level of development in such a way that its citizens would derive natural attachment to governance. However , for a nation to be in a phase of development there must be some prerequisites , which include socio-political and economic stability. Development as a concept does not have just one definition as many scholars sees development in different light. This papers talks about development as a multi-dimensional process. The different dimensions discussed in this paper are political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and material.

The book summarises the main developments shaping Namibia’s electricity sector in 2019, and provides a brief overview of the key policy, legal and regulatory underpinnings. It also aims to inform and stimulate debate on the multitude of decisions needed to strengthen Namibia’s security of electricity supplies, and with it, support further deliberations
on many of the country's most pressing development needs
and challenges.

Education  is  the  quintessence  of  living. Therefore, there  is  no  gainsaying  or  vain
glory when a nation pursues education with all her resources like a hungry lion pursues its prey  with  all  its  strength.  However,  such  an  effort  should  not  be  an  aimless  pursuit  or chasing the wind. Because it is through education that a nation realizes her aims, goals and objectives through structuring all these needs into curriculum. Curriculum designers should take cognizance of the immediate and proximate needs of the learner and that  of the society (Nation). Thus, Responsive Curriculum Development becomes inevitable in order to carry out this important task. In this excursus, Current Nigerian Education System, conceptual analysis of  responsive  curriculum,  The  Privation  in  Nigerian  Educational  System,  Responsive Curriculum  as  a  panacea  in  Nigerian  Educational  System  and  Implication  to  National Development  were  X-rayed.  This  is  to  unravel  the  need  of  responsive  curriculum development to Nigerian Educational System.

Content
Preface / 3 /
1-Introduction
Bunjevci - a small people on the end or on a new beginning? / 9 /
2-The problem of Bunjevci
Problem and factors hindered national development Backa Bunjevci / 17 /
Bunjevci and Croats in Serbia: a democratic solution of a problem of an ignored
ethnic conflict / 28 /
The institutional framework for the development of Bunjevacs ethnic community in the 
Bunjevac national minority in Serbia / 58 /
3-Actual position of Bunjevci (White Book)
Contemporary socio-economic status and development of Bunjevci / 65 /
Abstaining from national declaration: Bunjevci and Croats / 88 /
Bunjevci in the census 2011. / 102 /
Bunjevci - small endangered people / 109 /
4-Outlines of Bunjevcis national strategy
Approach to strategic planning of the Bunjevci national community / 124 /
Concluding message: Why is 30 November 2009. for Bunjevci
Day of hope and confidence? / 140 /
References / 147 /
Review - dr Mladena Prelić / 154 /

The Term Corruption Is Complex And Relative. An Unprecedented, Ridiculing Parasite That Could Cripple And Rob A Nation Of Its Economic Powers, Political And Social Stronghold. It Breeds Inconsistency, Political Instability And Poverty Multiplication. This Paper Examines The Impact Of Corruption In Nigeria And Its Effects On National Development. The Broad Objective Of This Paper Is To Examine The Relationship Between Corruption And National Development In Nigeria With Special Focus On Nigeria�s Fourth Republic. That Is To Highlight The Impact Of Corruption On The Country Development And The People. The Approach Adopted Is Therefore, Analytical, Descriptive And Interpretative Of Historical And Empirical Facts And Records. Hence, The Study Is Entirely Based On Data Generated From Secondary Source Materials. Despite The Overabundance Of Human And Material Resources, Majority Of Nigerians Continue To Live Below Bread Line. Therefore, This Paper Suggests That The Existing Laws Against Corrupt Practices, Including Embezzlement Of Public Funds Should Be Strictly Enforced To Serve As A Deterrent To Potential Offenders. The Strict Enforcement Of These Laws Will Help To Reduce If Not Remove Impunity. Again, The Judiciary Should Begin To Live Up To Expectations As Regard Its Role In The Fight Against Corruption. That Is The Need For Moral Re-orientation And Ethical Revolution From The Family Level To The National Level. This Is Necessary To Rejuvenate Our Damaged Values System, Promote True National Identity And Create Sense Of Belonging In Both The Leadership And Followership

The critical role played by Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in national development has long been acknowledged in Nigeria. Many policies have evolved with respect to reforming TVET towards addressing the socio-economic challenges in Nigeria. After decades of practicing these TVET polices, outcomes have fallen far behind expectations. Thus, this paper looked at TVET policies and practices in Nigeria, identifying the gaps and factors that have led to the gaps. Remedies to closing the gap were proffered

The study investigates the effect of public debt on economic growth in Kenya, between 1980-2013.The choices of period was guided by data availability and escalation of Kenya's public debt. The main problem is that, Kenya government has been relying heavily on public debt, aid and grants as a source of finance. This has resulted to a buildup of the level of public debt stock which has led to funds being diverted to debt servicing at the expense of economic development and domestic consumption. .

This study examined the imperative of education on national development. It posed Nigeria as a sovereign nation that possesses unique and numerous human and material resources that can enhance he r developmental pace. The study posited development as a concept defined by various scholars whom have geared their definitions to the quality increase of a society. Similarly, Gboyega (2003) cited by Tolu and Abe (2011) posited development as an idea that embodies all attempts to improve the conditions of humans existence in all ramifications. The study asserted that Nigeria as an African entity is plagued with various negative concepts comprising of corruption, unemployment, terrorism, religious turbulenc e, injustice, unequal distribution of wealth and power among others that have paved way for numerous social ills in the country and this had antagonized Nigeria's quest for national development. The study noted the prevalence of several measures adopted to salvage Nigeria from her dwindling pace; thus, the study posit education as an imperative tool that can foster national development in Nigeria. The study further posited various confronting problems and issues of national development as well as the challe nges foiling the quest of education as an imperative tool attaining the national development goal. This had emanated grave consequences for the Nigerian populace thus; the study posited some remedial strategies that will foster education as an imperative tool to overcome these constraints and at a brighter light to attain national development for Nigeria.

本文試圖論證出的命題關係發現了中國哲學亦參與改造了馬克思主義，而不完全是馬克思主義哲學進入到中國化發生質變的過程作為解釋。這點恰恰與目前的西方主流論述十分不同，從這點來看就能發現Meisner的毛主義視為異端論所存在的盲點其實相當明確，即是預設了以西方哲學的知識形式試圖描述毛澤東的馬克思主義思想，就無法完全看出為何馬克思主義能夠與中國哲學融合的過程，即使在馬克思主義進入中國後，中國哲學仍然扮演十分重要的思想傳承，因為能夠兼具傳統與進步的烏托邦特質。本文認為，接下來對於中國烏托邦的大同思想若能持續從歷史面解釋應更具有說服力，至於毛澤東推動的紅面三旗與接續發生的文革過程得另外申論之。

關鍵字：毛主義、馬克思主義、烏托邦

community information provision is possible and can be achieved through the establishment of village libraries, best referred to as community information centres.  The establishment of such information centres in our nation’s rural communities is a viable pathway to transformation and development of Nigeria. The argument is clear because “people cannot be developed; they can only develop themselves”. A man develops himself by what he does, by making his own decisions, increasing his knowledge and ability, and by his full participation in the life of the community he lives in. And this is only possible when he (man) has the right information. But, unfortunately, these are the shortcomings of rural dwellers in Nigeria, in particular, and in Africa, in general, simply because the right information, at the right time, is lacking among them. The remedy depends on a nation-wide approach, backed up by a government laws, and this is to be pursued by the library and information professionals for the establishment of community information centres.

This study sought to examine the perceptions of serving youth Corps members on the effectiveness of the National Youth Service Corps scheme in Nigeria, specifically in the achievement of its objectives and implementation of its enabling principles in Ibadan Metropolis of Oyo State, Nigeria.
The experiential learning theory and open systems theory formed the research framework. The descriptive research design was adopted with the multi-stage sampling procedure to collect data from 995 youth Corps members in the five Local Government Areas of Ibadan Metropolis. One research instrument titled Corps Members Perceptions Questionnaire (CMPQ) was used. Four research questions were answered using descriptive statistics. Four hypotheses were tested at P < 0.05 using inferential statistics.
Findings revealed that there was no significant difference between male and female youth Corps members in their level of satisfaction as regard welfare services: deployment to places of primary assignment (PPA) (tcal = -0.87; P > 0.05), acceptance at PPA (tcal = -0.15; P > 0.05), payment of allowances (tcal = 0.44; P > 0.05), accommodation (tcal = -0.6; P > 0.05), and personal security (tcal = 1.38; P > 0.05). However, a significant difference existed between male and female youth Corps members in their level of satisfaction as regard hospitality of the host communities (tcal = -2.37; P < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between male and female youth Corps members as regard their opinion about the scheme’s achievement of its objectives (tcal = -1.96; P = 0.05) and implementation of its enabling principles (tcal = -1.63; P > 0.05). Furthermore, results showed that youth Corps members’ level of satisfaction with welfare services had significant joint influence (F(6, 742) = 271.63; P < 0.05) on their opinion about the effectiveness of the NYSC scheme. Of all the indicators of welfare services, security experienced (β = 0.03; P > 0.05) and acceptance at PPA (β = 0.00; P > 0.05) had no significant contribution to the opinion of youth Corps members about the effectiveness of the NYSC scheme, however, hospitality (β = 0.73; P < 0.05), deployment to PPA (β = 0.12; P < 0.05), payment of allowances (β = 0.10; P < 0.05) and accommodation (β = 0.08; P < 0.05) contributed significantly to the opinion of youth Corps members about the effectiveness of the NYSC scheme. Finally, findings indicated that, to some extent (  = 2.5 - 3.4), youth Corps members were satisfied with welfare services in the scheme. Also, the NYSC scheme has achieved its objectives to some extent (  = 2.73) and has implemented its enabling principles to a little extent (  = 2.37), and therefore, it has been effective to some extent (  = 2.61) in Ibadan Metropolis.
It was recommended that instead of abrogating the scheme, additional measures should be provided to ensure graduates above age 30 do not participate in the scheme. Also, youth Corps members should be posted outside their ethnic groups of origin. Finally, improvement in security and accommodation should be made.

Often than not, Africans, probably due to their inglorious experiences of governance crisis and deficit in time past, are usually hastened by the slightest opportunity to condemn their leaders for bad management and governance currently permeating the continent"s political landscapes, while neglecting however, the problems of transculturalism, homogenization of cultures and cultural disconnections in the process of conflict resolution and peace building in Africa. While African leaders could still be adjudged culpable in the management and governance deficit in the continent, I want to begin by problematizing the bad management and leadership of trans-cultures as one of the triggers of the epileptic and deficient process and system of conflict resolution and peace building we are currently witnessing within the continent.

Entrepreneurship is potent and in-negligible if any nation or country is to experience national development, it is an effective means of achieving economic growth and national development, it encapsulates the generation of greater employment opportunities, the development of local technological base, source of foreign exchange earnings and citizens self-reliance. This paper examines the necessity and the need to make entrepreneurship education programme more viable in our universities, so as to empower our graduates with new skills that could help them to harness opportunities, be self-reliant and become job-creators and not job-seekers on graduation. Specifically, the paper canvasses the concepts of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship and national development, types of .entrepreneurship programme, its historical development in Nigerian universities, relevance and challenges of entrepreneurship programme in Nigerian universities. Recommendations on how to strengthen entrepreneurship programme in Nigerian universities for National development were also made.

The keyword extraction from conversations, with the goal of using these keywords to retrieve, for each short conversation fragment, a small number of potentially relevant documents, which can be recommended to participants. However, even a short fragment contains a variety of words, which are potentially related to several topics; moreover, using an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system introduces
errors among them. Therefore, it is difficult to infer precisely the information needs of the conversation participants. The proposed method to derive multiple topically separated queries from this keyword set, in order to maximize the chances of making at least one relevant recommendation when using these queries to search over the English Wikipedia. The proposed methods are evaluated in terms of relevance with respect to conversation fragments from the AMI, and ELEA conversational corpora, rated by several human judges. The results show that our proposal improves over previous methods that consider only word frequency or topic similarity, and represents a promising solution for a document recommender system to be used in conversations.

我國廉政署直到去年公布「聯合國反貪腐公約首次國家報告」作為反貪腐政策固然為我國提供重要的參考，但相較於其他先進國家起步較晚。本文首先回顧了發展型國家理論的基本命題之後，透過韓國的研究脈絡來看，Jong-sung You之所以對於臺灣較少貪腐的假設，主要是以中小型企業(SME)為主導的經濟發展前提，然而本文指出，這點可能已經不再適用臺灣現況。再者以Chang Kyung-Sup提出的壓縮現代性(Compressed modernity)，他試圖將Beck的科技治理概念擴及國家與大企業產生關聯，即使國家發展意味著某些犧牲，商界仍可以忽視某些國家安全法規，以利潤為優先，這點隨著由大企業逐漸主導經濟發展的台灣尤其值得警惕，意味著在面臨全球化經濟競爭底下設計出一套針對大企業進行拘束的貪腐風險管理機制( corruption risk management)尤其重要性，包括三個主要步驟：風險識別、風險評估與風險緩解等(Johnsøn,2015)。儘管初步建立這套機制十分困難，但是對於決心打擊貪腐的我國仍具有一定的啟發。

The impact of technology in achieving sustainable development cannot be overemphasized.The United Nations recognized its importance and has mandated countries to develop their technology infrastructure as a tool to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Its use in developed countries has created an effective and efficient means to achieve an all-round development affecting the state, its people and its environment. There is however, a greater need for developing countries to embrace the use of technology by investing in its development across the country. This would help to solve some of its major challenges with less cost and within a reasonable period of time. Developed countries are saddled with the responsibility to support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries. This essay has therefore considered the application of technological tools to the SDGs in order to aid its achievement most especially in developing countries.

A webinar on South African Music in National Development. Hosted by the Chief Albert Luthuli Research Chair at UNISA. Part of the project MusoCulture: A Music and Public Policy Series. Funded by the National Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences.

The critical role played by Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in national development has long been acknowledged in Nigeria. Many policies have evolved with respect to reforming TVET towards addressing the socioeconomic challenges in Nigeria. After decades of practicing these TVET polices, outcomes have fallen far behind expectations. Thus, this paper looked at TVET policies and practices in Nigeria, identifying the gaps and factors that have led to the gaps. Remedies to closing the gap were proffered.

This paper examines the role of African religious values in sustainable nation building. Religion is a stabilizing force in the society which bound the community as a social force in the social glue and governance. Africa as a home to variety of religion and practices as wells as in Nigeria have made frantic efforts in a little dimension to accentuate regional and ethnic distinctions. Despite this, the government of African countries especially Nigeria, over the years, have struggled to institute a nation that seeks to promote values in its governance, among the citizens, and most importantly ensure sustainable nation building. These efforts have been dealt a blow by numerous factors such as colonialism and neo-colonialism, intra and inter religious violence, corruption in the administrative system and among individuals. Nevertheless, to have a nation where there is coexistence, mutual understanding, togetherness, and good governance, the values of African traditional religion should be encouraged and promoted. Hence, this paper is concerned with looking at the African traditional religious values as a panacea to sustainable nation building in Nigeria. To achieve this goal, this paper is organized into three parts such as the conceptual framework where the technical meaning of the terms values, religion, nation building, and African traditional religion were explored. To encourage and ensure sustainable nation building, the second part of the paper contended to portray the role of African religious values in nation building. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were made. In this work, it is clear to understand that the quest to have a strong, reliable and sustainable nation building could be found in the values which African traditional religion promotes.

This paper had established the need for town and gown relationship in tertiary education institutions for sustainable national development. Town and Gown relationship is a type of relationship between tertiary institutions and host communities, which fosters growth and development through knowledge dissemination and capacity building projects. This cordial relationship between tertiary institutions and the host communities bring about safety, peace, stability, security and progress for sustainable development. This paper examined the Feasible Town and Gown Relationships, and had shown that, towns have a lot of contributions to make in the development of communities and tertiary institutions. Also, gown relationships with the communities have contributed maximally to the development of towns and tertiary institutions for sustainable national growth.

In 2011, the Constitution Review Commission (CRC) recommended a national development plan that should be entrenched in the constitution and binding on successive governments. While accepting the need for a long-term plan, the recommendation to make it binding on all regimes was rejected by the government. This paper examines the positive side of the recommendation. It argues that Ghana’sdevelopment planning process lacks broad participation. This heightens the feeling of marginalization usually associated with “Winner-Takes-All” politics and undermines inclusivity and policy continuity. The paper examines the current practice of development planning which is characterized by limited participation and also shows policy discontinuity resulting from abandoned plans and high cost of these in terms of development. It makes a case for an entrenched plan that can promote inclusive governance, policy continuity and accelerated national development.

There exists a relationship in the ideas of constitution and citizenship such that wherever people exist there is a constitution, which is supposed to originate from the people in order to be regarded by them as an authentic document that is meant to order their conducts and interactions. The constitution, therefore, serves as the basis upon which daily activities of governance of a people must be based. It depends for its existence and functionality on the citizens. It is intended to provide guidance to the governors and the governed in order to avoid excesses, lawlessness and instability, and to ensure orderliness, good governance and national development. Aristotle examines constitution and citizenship and locates the importance of the former in the protection of the citizens' rights and the establishment of order, justice and harmony in society. Sadly, that is not the true practical reflection of the essence of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The constitution of Nigeria seems to protect and provide for only the privileged few. Gross impunity and total disregard to the principles and dictates of the constitution is the order of the day in the country. Based on the foregoing, this paper examines Aristotle's thesis on constitution and citizenship in comparison with what obtains in Nigeria. It argues that the constitution of Nigeria does not truly emanate from the people, and does not seem to provide and protect the ordinary citizens. This, the work gleans to be responsible for disharmony, instability and chequered national development. In the final analysis, the paper concludes that a true people-oriented constitution is urgently needed in Nigeria to right the numerous wrongs plaguing good governance and the development of the country.