Mahkamah Konstitusi

Penelitian ini membahas tentang eksistensi Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebebasan Hakim Konstitusi untuk menjalankan fungsi, kewenangan, serta kewajibannya merupakan hal yang mutlak harus dimiliki Hakim Konstitusi. Akan tetapi demi menjamin kehormatan, keluhuran martabat, dan kode etik Hakim Konstitusi, maka harus ada mekanisme pertanggungjawaban setiap perbuatan Hakim Konstitusi melalui pengawasan. Hal ini dilakukan supaya kebebasan tersebut tidak disalahgunakan menjadi tameng hukum oleh Hakim Konstitusi. Studi ini juga berhasil mengkonfirmasi bahwa Keputusan Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 01/MKMK/X/2013 yang menyatakan Hakim Terlapor H.M. Akil Mochtar terbukti melakukan pelanggaran Kode Etik dan Perilaku Hakim Konstitusi, dengan menjatuhkan sanksi pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat, telah memberikan kepastian hukum dan kejelasan lembaga pengawas perilaku H...

This research examines the legal consequences of the choice of forum clause for resolving Sharia banking disputes in the general court in the agreement made by the parties. Prior to the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012, the parties could determine the clause of choice of forum for resolving banking disputes by litigation through the district court. The research objectives examine 1) the authority of religious courts in adjudicating and resolving Sharia banking disputes before the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012; and 2) the legal consequences of the choice of forum for resolving Sharia banking disputes in the district court in the agreement before the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012. This type of doctrinal research uses a conceptual approach and legislation. The technique of analyzing research materials uses a prescriptive approach with the aim of providing arguments for the results of research that has been done. This research concludes that: 1) the choice of forum clause for resolving Sharia banking disputes before the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012, cannot override the legal provisions related to the absolute competence of religious courts; 2) the legal consequences of the lawsuit for Sharia banking disputes through the district court, either before or after the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012, the decision on the case must be declared unacceptable (niet ontvankelijke verklaard).

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tata cara pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan oleh Mahkamah Agung, serta untuk mengetahui kedudukan Mahkamah Agung dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Kewenangan menguji peraturan perundang-undangan di bawah undang-undang didasarkan pada Pasal 24A ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar NRI 1945 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Penanganan atau hukum acara pengujian peraturan perundangundangan diatur melalui Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Hak Uji Materiil dengan tahapan yakni pengajuan permohonan, pendaftaran permohonan, pengiriman salinan permohonan kepada termohon, pengiriman jawaban dari termohon, penunjukan majelis hakim, pemeriksaan perkara, putusan, pemberitahuan putusan dan pelaksanaan putusan. 2. Mahkamah Agung memiliki kedudukan sebagai menjalankan lembaga kekuasaan negara kehakiman yang bersama Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kewenangan Mahkamah Agung dijalankan dengan prinsip Checks & Balance, dengan mendasarkan kekuasaan kehakiman yang dijalankan secara merdeka dan bebas dari pengaruh atau campur tangan kekuasaan negara lainnya. Kata Kunci: Peraturan Perundang-Undangan, Mahkamah Agung, Kekuasaan Kehakiman

This research journal examines the Constitutional Court Decision No. 141/PHP.BUP-XIX/2021 regarding the election of the Regent and Deputy Regent in Labuhanbatu in 2020 with the litigants, namely Andi Suhaimi Dalimunthe, S.T., M.T. and Faizal Amri Siregar, S.T. (couple number 3) as the applicant against the General Election Commission of Labuhanbatu Regency as the respondent and dr. H. Erik Adtrada Ritonga, M.KM. and Hj. Ellya Rosa Siregar, S.Pd., M.M. (pair number 2) as a related party. In the decision of the Constitutional Court to adjudicate the subject by ruling to reject the applicant's application in its entirety and determine the final result of the correct vote acquisition for each Candidate Pair in the 2020 Labuhanbatu Regent and Deputy Regent Election, namely the vote acquisition determined by the respondent based on the General Election Commission Decision. Labuhanbatu Regency Number 64/PL.02.6-Kpt/1210/KPU-Kab/IV/2021 concerning the Determination of the Recapitulation...

This study aims to find out the mainstreaming of children's rights in the enforcement of criminal law, the Implementation of the Mainstreaming of the Rights of the Child (PUHA) in material law and formal law and the judge's decision in implementing the Rights of the Child in criminal law enforcement. This study also includes the type of normative legal research with the method of content decision approach and secondary data type with research using the Decision of Surakarta District Court Number: 04 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 / PN.Skt dan Number 05 / Pid.Sus-Anak / 2017 / PN.Skt. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of the mainstreaming of child rights (PUHA) in material law is contained in the law of child protection, the implementation of mainstreaming of child rights (PUHA) in formal law or criminal procedural law is contained in the law of the juvenile justice system and the judges' implementing the Rights of the Child in the enforcement of criminal law there are rights of the child against the law being violated.

Penelitian ini beranjak dari mempersoalkan keabsahan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 tentang pengujian Pasal 169 huruf q Undang-undang No. 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum (UU Pemilu). Hal ini perlu dipersoalkan, karena ternyata sangat sulit untuk menerima secara logis dan akademis terkait petimbangan dalam putusan a quo sebagaimana MK sejatinya berdiri pada posisi yang rapuh akibat diselimuti oleh benturan politik kepentingan. Atas dasar tersebut, maka penelitian ini hendak memberikan argumentasi kritis untuk menguji keabsahan putusan No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 berkenaan dengan legal standing pemohon dan independensi hakim. Adapun untuk menjawab persoalan, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian (hukum) normatif/doktrinal. Hasil dan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini menyimpulkan: Pertama, legal standing pemohon dalam Perkara Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 yang “hanya” mendalilkan bercita-cita menjadi Presiden atau Wakil Presiden dan terinspirasi dari Wali Kota Surakarta adalah tidak sah jika merujuk pada putusan MK No. 006/PUU-III/2005 dan 011/PUU-V/2007. Kedua, putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 adalah tidak sah, karena hakim konstitusi Anwar Usman terlibat dalam proses pemeriksaan yang memiliki hubungan langsung dengannya. Konsekuensi tidak sahnya putusan a quo didasari pada ketentuan UU tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Selanjutnya karena putusan MK adalah final dan mengikat, maka untuk menanggalkan putusan tersebut, dapat melalui MKMK dengan pertimbangan yang amat khusus atau mengajukan permohonan baru dengan dasar konstitusional yang berbeda.

Covid-19 telah menjadi wabah yang mendunia, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Dalam menangani pandemik Covid-19, Pemerintah telah melakukan langkah dan menerbitkan berbagai regulasi, salah satunya PERPPU No. 1 Tahun 2020. Hadirnya PERPPU tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mengatasi keadaan pandemik Covid-19 yang materi muatannya mengatur mengenai dukungan kebijakan keuangan negara dalam menangani Pandemik Covid-19. Namun, ternyata PERPPU ini hanya bersifat parsial bila ditinjau dari konsep hukum tata negara darurat, karena secara formil dan materiil PERPPU tersebut tidak merujuk dalam konsideran mengingatnya pada Pasal 12 UUD 1945 yang menjadi dasar hukum kedaruratan. Karena itu, penelitian ini akan mengkaji PERPPU No. 1 Tahun 2020 dalam perspektif hukum tata negara darurat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa PERPPU No. 1 Tahun 2020 Menurut tinjauan Hukum Tata Negara Darurat. Metode Penelitian ini deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisanya mengg...

This article aims to discuss the bindingness of constitutional review decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (MKRI). In particular, this article looks at the relevance between the grand design of the nature of the MKRI decision in Article 24C paragraph (1) The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945) with the practice of constitution disobedience. Based on that issue, this article argues that the MKRI is designed not to have a final and binding decision, but only final decisions. Because based on the Supremacy-of-Text Principle which is coherent with the concept of applying law based on regulations in the Rule of Law, the non-appreance of binding phrases in Article 24C paragraph (1) of the 1945 UUD NRI 1945 makes the decision of the Constitutional Court in the authority of constitutional review has no binding legal force. Grammatical argumentation comes from interpretation with original meaning and textualism methods which find that the word final does not mean binding due the two words stand separately. By drawing on the concepts of strong-form judicial review and weak-form judicial review, the non-binding nature of MKRI decisions can legitimize the disagreement. Because the indecisivenesss of the Constitution establish a half-hearted form of MKRI, namely the partial weak-form judicial review. Thus, the form of MKRI is a strong and weak-form judicial review that makes MKRI decisions can be opposed. This article uses normative research methods with conceptual approach, statutory approach, and comparative approach.

This study aims to analyze the constitutional interpretation method used by constitutional judges in judicial review the presidential threshold as an open legal policy for 2017-2022 and to offer an ius constituendum to use the open legal policy by the Constitutional Court in the future. The type of research used is normative legal research, namely research conducted by examining legal materials consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials using a case approach and a conceptual approach. The data collection technique used in this research is using a literature study and the data will be analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. The research found that the Constitutional Court in judicial review the presidential threshold from 2017 to 2022 all used structural , thus interpreting the presidential threshold norm and its touchstone as an open legal policy. But unfortunately, the interpretation made by the constitutional judge is incorrect and has changed the original meaning of the formation of Article 6A paragraph (2) of the NRI Constitution of 1945. The original intent of the establishment of Article 6A paragraph (2) of the NRI Constitution of 1945 was to place political parties or a combination of political parties as a path to propose candidates for President and Vice President because the framers of the amendment did not want an independent candidate. Therefore, the interpretation of constitutional judges declaring the presidential threshold and Article 6A paragraph (2) of the NRI Constitution of 1945 as open legal policy is wrong because the article is clear. In the future, constitutional judges can divide open legal policy into two forms, namely absolute and relative, both of which can be reviewing, and constitutional judges can expand the touchstone of the Basic Law which not only includes article norms but also includes the Preamble in which Pancasila and cancels the formulation of presidential threshold norms to 0% in order to provide justice to justice seekers.

The authority to review laws by the Constitutional Court is manifested in 2 (two) forms, namely material testing and formal testing. However, since the existence of the Constitutional Court, only 1 (one) application has been granted by the Constitutional Court, namely a request for a formal review of the Job Creation Law. Even then, it was only partially granted. The existence of this fact certainly shows that the role of the Constitutional Court has not been optimal. Therefore, this research aims to outline the prescription of the need to optimize the role of the Constitutional Court in the formal review of laws. This research uses normative (legal) research typology. The results of this study conclude: First, the role of the Constitutional Court in the formal review of laws can still be said to be not optimal because the Constitutional Court itself is still very limited in canceling laws, as evidenced in Decision Number 91 / PUU-XVIII / 2020, the Constitutional Court tends to compromise with the language of conditional unconstitutional decisions in deciding applications for formal testing of the Job Creation Law. Second, the countries of Colombia and Indonesia show that the practice of formal testing of the Law by the Constitutional Court is something that needs to be done if there is a violation of the formation procedure by the legislator, it is just that the Colombian Constitutional Court in conducting formal testing takes a more progressive step, this is indicated by the quality and quantity of handling of formal test cases decided, on the other hand in Indonesia, the Constitutional Court seems to take a position that tends to be very limited in conducting formal testing, it even looks unfamiliar to do so, besides that the 1945 Constitution also does not provide rigid arrangements regarding the basis for formal testing of laws by the Constitutional Court.

Judicial restraint menekankan pentingnya pengadilan untuk tidak melampaui peran mereka sebagai penafsir hukum. Hakim harus berhati-hati agar tidak memasuki wilayah pembuatan kebijakan, yang seharusnya menjadi tanggung jawab lembaga legislatif dan eksekutif. Pendekatan ini memastikan bahwa keputusan-keputusan pengadilan tidak merusak keseimbangan kekuasaan antar cabang pemerintahan dan menjaga legitimasi serta kredibilitas pengadilan. Judicial restraint mengajarkan bahwa hakim harus memahami konteks dan batasan konstitusional yang membatasi peran mereka, serta menghargai proses demokratis dalam pembuatan kebijakan publik.

The objective research are: 1) Describe and analyze the application of the values of democracy that is a participate guarantee, stakeholders representation, equal rights in the decision making, dissemination of information, responsiveness, and supervision community, implemented in stage of local political agenda at Kendari 2) Describe and analyze the community consistency to participate in the implementation of local political agenda at Kendari. Using qualitative research, done interviews with informan, focused group discussion (FGD), observation and documents study. The result of research are: 1) The values of democracy as described Dahl namely: citizens guarantee to participate, stakeholders representation, equal rights of the community in decision-making, transparency, community control, responsiveness and accountable, manifested in every stage the implementation of the election mayor in Kendari. Implementation of local politic agenda that accompanied by the rule can prevent the conflict and able to create a harmonious and safe democracy. 2) The general, local communities are consistent to participate in the election mayor, it can be seen from a commitment and our deepest concern residents to create the high-quality election, and political rights motivation to use that constituted by awareness to give birth to local leaders. However, it is still there are communities who have not yet been consistent participate in local political agenda. Need to enlightenment on, so that the people are aware that mayor election means provide the values of democracy, using the right politics is an ideal, and carrying out a quality local political agenda.

Penelitian ini membahas pelanggaran etika yang terjadi dalam kasus pemberhentian Anwar Usman, yang sebelumnya menjabat sebagai Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi, terkait dengan keputusan dalam perkara 90/PUU-XXI/2023 mengenai batas calon wakil presiden pada Pemilu tahun 2024. Keputusan ini menjadi kontroversial karena dianggap menguntungkan pihak tertentu yang memiliki hubungan keluarga dengan salah satu hakim yang terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan perkara tersebut. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan, penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan analisis pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh Anwar Usman dan konsekuensinya terhadap kredibilitas dan integritas Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai lembaga penegak hukum. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi potensi pola pelanggaran etika yang dapat terulang di masa mendatang. Terdapat beberapa temuan pelanggaran kode etik dan perilaku hakim yang dilakukan Anwar Usman, yaitu pelanggaran mencakup 4 prinsip dasar etika Hakim Konstitusi, yaitu independensi, ketidakberpihakan, integritas, dan kesetaraan. Selain itu, Anwar Usman juga melanggar asas penyelenggaraan pemilu berupa asas langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil, serta melanggar etika teleologi, terutama dalam konteks egoisme dan hedonisme. Hal tersebut berdampak pada hilangnya kepercayaan publik dan meragukan kredibilitas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.

This research has two problem formulations, First, how the Constitutional Court's construction in giving consideration to "open legal policy"; Second, what is the urgency of the Constitutional Court's reconstruction in giving consideration to"open legal policy"? This research uses a normative juridical study using the statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study are: First, that is a lack of clarity and consistency from the Constitutional Court in determining benchmarks for open legal policy considerations. Second, there are new concept been proposed: a) applying the doctrine of "political question"; b) The Constitutional Court still tests a norm based on formal and substantial requirements. The advice given is that Constitutional Court should take a position in accordance with the reconstruction proposed in this study.

The constitutional authority granted to the Constitutional Court by Article 24C paragraph (1) in the third amendment to the 1945 Constitution in the test of constitutional law against the constitution provides automatically over authority in giving the interpretation of the 1945 Constitution to the Constitutional Court. Associated with the interpretation of the constitution, then a constitution is not only considered to be a documented constitution but can be transformed into the living constitution. In practice in Indonesia, it can be found the decisions of the Constitutional Court who use constitutional interpretation to assess the constitutionality of a norm as in Decision No. 005 / PUU-IV / 2006, Decision No. 14 / PUU-XI-2013, and Decision No. 138 / PUU-VII / 2009. Based on this, then in this paper will outline the extent to which the efforts of judges in realizing the living constitution through the interpretation of the judge in the constitutionality of which can be analyzed through the decisions of the Constitutional Court.

In Indonesia, there is a nomination threshold often referred to as the Presidential Threshold in the mechanism to nominate a President and his/her Vice-President in the Election of the President. The stipulation of the threshold as a condition for Political Parties to nominate pairs of President and Vice President candidates in the General Election is 20% of the votes or 25% of the seats in the Representative House in the previous legislative elections. This arrangement caused controversy because it limited the rights of political parties as eligible election participants in nominating candidates for the presidential position. It also ignored political parties' constitutional rights. The threshold requirement for presidential candidacy is also known in Turkey. Turkey is the only country that the author found where the presidential nomination system uses a threshold requirement. However, the presidential nomination threshold in Turkey is only 5% or 100,000 voters from the previous parliamentary elections. Presidential elections in Turkey are carried out simultaneously between the legislative and presidential elections and apply a two-round system like in Indonesia. Therefore, the threshold for the presidential nomination in Indonesia needs to be reduced and even removed to not restrict political parties from proposing candidate pairs for the position of President and Vice.

One of the duties of the state is to improve the common welfare. Significant financial resources are required to carry out their duties, these costs may be covered by tax collection. Taxes are levied not only on individuals, but also on legal entities that are taxed under the law and are referred to as taxpayers. Taxpayers not only have obligations in the taxation system, but also rights. The application of rights and obligations is often avoided for various reasons. So that the Directorate General of Taxes can improve by issuing a power of attorney to carry out its rights and obligations. At first, the issuance of a power of attorney was very helpful, but with changes in regulations, the issuance of a power of attorney caused problems, namely that everyone's rights were limited. Based on this description, this journal was written to answer two problems, namely the arrangement for the appointment of tax authorities in Law Number 28 of 2007 concerning amendments to Law Number 6 o...

Pada tahun 2016, telah terjadi sebuah kasus tentang dipertanyakan atau hilangnya status kewarganegaraanseorang anak, yang diakibatkan oleh perkawinan campuran antara  warga  negara  Indonesia  dengan  warga  negara  asing  (Perancis).  Status kewarganegaraan  seseorang  merupakan  hal  yang  sangat  begitu  penting,  karena adanya  perlindungan  hukum  oleh  negara  terhadap  warga  negaranya  baik  yang berada di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Metode penelitian Library Reseach dan jenis penelitiannya hukum normatif untuk sampai pada suatu kesimpulan serta mencari informasi  tentang  dasar  atau  landasan  hukum  yang menekankan  terhadap  analisa yang  berhubungan  dengan  objek  kajian  yang  diteliti  dengan  menelaah  Putusan Mahkamah  Konstitusi  dan  jurnal-jurnal  yang  berhubungan  dengan  status kewarganegaraan.  Hasil  penelitian  ini  diantaranya  adalah:  1)  Dikeluarkannya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 80/PUU-XIV/2016 Tentang Kewarganegaraan disebabkan  karena  telah  hilang  hak  konstitusional  seorang  anak  dari  hasil perkawinan campuran karena adanya frasa pada Pasal 41 Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 yang mengharuskan untuk mendaftarkan diri kepada menteri 4 tahun setelah  Undang-undabg  tersebut  diundangkan,  meskipun  sudah  diketahui bahwasannya  didalam  Pasal  6  juga  sudah  tertuang  tentang  berhak  memilih kewarganegaraan  setelah  berumur  18  tahun,  akan  tetapi  perlu  digaris  dimaknai apabula  Pasal  6  hanya  berlaku  apabila  Pasal  41  dikerjakan  terlebih  dahulu  untuk anak  yang  lahir  sebelum  tahun  2006.  2)  Implikasi  Putusan  Mahkamah  Konstitusi Nomor 80/PUU-XIV/2016 terhadap perkawinan campur di Indonesia menghilangkan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dengan  memberikan perlindungan dan kejelasan hukum bagi anak hasil perkawinan campur.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan nilai keadilan sebagai dasar pertimbangan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 74/PUU-XVIII/2020 Pengujian Pasal 222 Undang-Undang No 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum terkait dengan Legal Standing Pemohon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa argumentasi  kerugian  konstitusional  para  pemohon  seharusnya  Mahkamah  Konstitusi  mempertimbangkan  kembali  terkait  kedudukan  hukum  para  pemohon.  Norma ambang batas (presidential threshold) pencalonan  Presiden  dan  Wakil  Presiden  yang  diajukan  oleh  para  pemohon  sangat berpotensi  menimbulkan  kerugian  konstitusional. Para  pemohon  juga  secara  konkret  telah  terjadi  suatu  peristiwa  hukum  dimana  partai-partai  baru  tidak  dapat  mencalonkan  Presiden  dan  Wakil  Presiden  yang  disebabkan  norma  ambang  batas  Pencalonan  Presiden  dan  Wakil  Presiden.  Diperlukan pengaturan  secara  spesifik  terkait  dengan  penent...

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pengujian undang-undang terhadap Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945) dengan amar tidak dapat diterima atau niet ontvankelijke verklaard (NO) pada umumnya tidak memiliki pertimbangan hukum. Akan tetapi dalam perkembangannya MK memberikan pertimbangan hukum baik mengenai pokok perkara dan kedudukan hukum Pemohon. Penelitian ini hendak menjawab dua permasalahan yaitu; apa urgensi adanya pertimbangan hukum yang mengandung judicial order dalam putusan dengan amar tidak dapat diterima? Kemudian bagaimana karakteristik judicial order dalam putusan dengan amar tidak dapat diterima? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Penelitian ini mengelompokkan putusan yang memiliki amar NO dari tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2018 yang berjumlah 375 putusan. Dari jumlah tersebut, putusan NO yang memiliki pertimbangan hukum sebanyak 71 putusan. Penelitian ini menemukan 3 putu...

Asas secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai dasar, landasan atau prinsip yang
bersifat umum yang menjadi titik tolak pengertian atau pengaturan. Asas dapat
disebut juga sebagai alasan pembentukan suatu aturan hukum yang mencakup niat,
jiwa atau cita-cita sosial yang ingin diwujudkan. Asas secara hukum objektif
merupakan nadi yang menghubungkan antara aturan hukum dengan cita-cita dan
pandangan masyarakat di mana hukum itu berlaku. Dan asas secara hukum
subjektif dapat diarikan sebagai norma umum yang dihasilkan dari berlakunya
hukum positif

Asas secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai dasar, landasan atau prinsip yang bersifat umum yang menjadi titik tolak pengertian atau pengaturan. Asas dapat disebut juga sebagai alasan pembentukan suatu aturan hukum yang mencakup niat, jiwa atau cita-cita sosial yang ingin diwujudkan. Asas secara

The handling of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia still has not shown significant results. It can be seen that the data shows that throughout almost a year of the pandemic has not been a decline in positive confirmed numbers. Many policies have been enacted as the basis for such handling. This article examines the priority scale and repositioning its priority in light of the maqāṣid asy-sayarī'ah perspective. The author uses ḍarūriyyāt khamsah as a method of mapping priorities through its conceptual framework. As for the operational function, the author borrows William N. Dunn's theory of public policy arguments. The genre used is analysis for policy, wrapped in a qualitative approach using documentative data on the policy material manifested in Perppu Number 1 the Year 2020. This theoretical convergence makes ḍarūriyyāt khamsah an information base in finding and interpreting data, qualifications in objection, warrant, rebuttal, and backing. After seeing the priority, it will be used as a policy claim. After applying it to the policy, it can be concluded that the policy divides the pandemic dimension into two, namely health and its effects. Meanwhile, in the effort to handle them, both are not responded with proportional values. The government has prioritized managing its effects over health un from the perspective of ḍarūriyyāt khamsah, and health care should be given top priority because Covid-19 threatens lives directly. In contrast, the threat of pandemic effects threatens indirectly. The health agent is wasīlah ḍarūriyyah, while wasīlah handling pandemic effects is ḥājiyyah. This situation can change depending on the conditions in the field.

The business world today has grown indefinitely so as to break through the dimensions of human life and behavior of the economy into banking minded and change the values and aspects of the business itself, either legally or sociologically. Business development with the pattern and any system can not be separated from the financial institution whose name the bank. Banking deregulation undertaken by the government has been precise to support the economy in order to develop better. With the enactment of Law Number 10 of 1998 concerning amendments to the Law Number 7 of 1992 on Banking, is an opportunity and provide an opportunity for Muslims to establish a bank based on Islamic Shari'a, as support to the business world and the economy of the people. With the presence of banks based on Islamic Shari'a is expected to accelerate the economic revival in the race entering the era of globalization.Keywords: Arbitration Islam, the Islamic Perspective, Positive Law 

Tanggungjawabhukumbagipelakupenghinaanlambangnegaradalamprespektifhukumpidana di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan memberikan sumbangsih dalam dunia akademik terkait terkait dinamika hukum di Indonesia terutama tentang problematika dan dinamika tindak pidana penghinaan lambang negara. Semakin berkembangnya teknologi dan bermunculannya media sosial, menimbulkan akses yang sangat mudah untuk terjadi sebuah perbuatan pidana. Salah satunya adalah penghinaan terhadap lambang negara. Delik pidana ini bisa timbul dengan mudah akibat kesengajaan maupun kelalain oleh pelaku. Maka sanksi pidana yang ada pun bisa dikaji dengan berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.