MSMEs

The study evaluates potential developments of manufacturing MSMEs in Bhandara District. The objective of the study is to study the various potentials in the district to developed manufacturing MSMEs and scope of development of MSMEs in the resign. Furthermore, study also evaluates the basic facilities and resources available in the district to develop manufacturing MSMEs. In the present study Bhandara District of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state, India was selected as study area. In the present research, data was collected by following survey methodology. For the present study total 175 MSMEs (25 MSMEs from each Taluka) are selected randomly for generation of data. We find that MSME sector in district play a vital role for the development of the region. Also provide the ancillary products to the large industries. In addition to this study also focused on employment generation in the district due to MSMEs, government policies are favorable for the development of MSMEs in the district is also studied. However, there is scope of expansion of micro, small and medium scale industry near future. There is strong possibility of generation of employment opportunities in micro, small and medium scale industries.

 Abstract: Reuse of existing deteriorated bituminous pavement material in construction and maintenance of flexible pavement is called recycling of bituminous pavement. Removed and reprocessed deteriorated pavement material which is recycled is termed as Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In India during construction of flexible pavement different types of bituminous layers are in practice depending upon CBR of sub-grade and traffic count i.e. CVPD of the road stretch. Depending upon types of bituminous layer i.e. PC Seal Coat, Bituminous Macadam(BM), Dense grade bituminous Macadam (DBM), Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) or Bituminous Concrete(BC) Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement can classified in different groups These classified RAP groups materials will have different characteristics i.e. Rap aggregates and Recovered bitumen of different group of RAP will have different characteristics. In this study characterization of RAP limited to Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate Abra...

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in equitable upliftment and development of economy. Although these sectors are contributing to economy through generation of employment, supply products, services through indigenous and modern technology, promote social entrepreneurship, reduce regional disparities, and promote equitable income opportunities as well strengthen the balance of trade of the economy. MSMEs are facing actuate deficiency of management which leads to organization in to financial deficiency. Financial Distress in the MSMEs is common for all economy of the world, which has been major concern for the academicians, experts, professional, society, creditors and government. This study identifies the prediction of sickness in MSMEs in Bihar with the help of Altman Z' Score. The study employs the statistical and financial methods to analyze the data collected in the study. The study identifies financial distress in small and medium enterprises through their balance sheet and profit and loss account. The study came out with proper strategy and policy related to revival of the enterprise from the financial sickness and preventing them from industrial sickness.

The Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are not only progressing in the deepening of economic integration among themselves, but are also active in pursuing free trade agreements (FTAs) with their strategic economic partners (SEPs). It is generally expected that the implementation of all existing ASEAN-led FTAs will provides benefits to all enterprises in individual ASEAN member states (AMS) in the forms of greater export opportunities and greater availability of raw materials, intermediate inputs and capital goods with competitive prices and better quality. However, there are concerns over the extent to which MSMEs in individual AMS have benefited from these commercial pacts. Although literature on this issue is limited, available evidence suggests that MSMEs are by far the least active economic actors in the region to make use of such trade agreements. Aside from identifying key challenges and opportunities confronted by ASEAN-based MSMEs in taking advantage of ASEAN-led FTAs, this article also provides practical and policy recommendations that could allow the greater use of these FTAs by these enterprises.

The MSME sector in Andhra Pradesh manufactures a variety of products with a high concentration of Micro and Small units belonging in the Sectors of food, mineral and building materials, drugs and pharmaceuticals, fabricated materials, trading and service sector. Until September, 2016, there are 1, 13,375 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the state of Andhra Pradesh, providing employment to 12,75,946 persons involving an investment of Rs.22,185.15 crores. Andhra Pradesh Government has identified development of MSMEs as a catalyst for job creation and balanced regional development. In this direction, it has introduced its recent MSME policy keeping in view the problems that MSMEs are facing. Hence, an attempt is made in this paper to explain the various general incentives, marketing assistance initiatives, land related incentives, measures taken for addressing sickness and other measures provided by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for strengthening MSMEs in Andhra Pradesh through its policy.

The research work in this study is an attempt to systematically analyze the impact in status of MSMEs in India before and after the implementation of MSMED act 2006. Number of registered units of MSME and number of employment in persons which are presented in the annual reports from the period of 18 years from 1997-98 to 2014-15 of MSMEs are considered as the study variable for this study. It has made based on the result of the paired sample t-test.

Lead bank is based on the principle of “one among all”. A particular bank should act as a group leader for all the banks in the selected district. The idea is commercial banks should be assigned a particular district in which they should work as a consortium leader and pace setter in providing integrated banking and credit facilities. The main objective of lead bank scheme is to extend more credit facilities to the identified priority sector and provide for the major elements of development, namely, infrastructure, extension and credit. It is the responsibility of lead bank to locate the growth centre, ascertain credit gaps in the area of operation, locate project areas and formulate development oriented bankable schemes. As on March 2011, the lead bank scheme covered 622 districts of the country. The main focus of LBS is to enhance the proportion of bank finance to the priority sector. The objective of the scheme has been to co-ordinate the activities of the banks and other developmental agencies to facilitate the flow of credit to the priority sector.  In this paper an attempt is made to analyse the position of lead banks in India, its flow

A long time has passed since the first experience of In Vitro propagation of olive,
but the presence of very strong end dominance in the neoplasm stage, which
cannot be controlled by various cytokinin treatments, has limited the possibility of
propagation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the
micro-propagation feasibility inside olive glasses of olive cultivar Kroneiki. For
branching and rooting of lateral buds, the experiment was carried out as a factorial
experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications.
Branching factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM, MSM1/2
and OM), two types of hormones (BAP and Zeatin), and three types of hormone
concentrations (control, 0.5 and 1 mg/L) and there were three types of time
periods. Rooting factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM,
MSM1/2 and OM), two types of hormone combinations (IBA and NAA), four types
of hormone concentrations (control, combination of 0.2 with 0.5, combination 0.5
with 1 and a combination of 0.75 with 1.5 mg/L) and three types of time intervals.
Analysis of variance was performed by Statistix10 software and the comparison of
mean traits was performed using the least significant difference test. The effects of
culture medium, different hormones and also different concentrations of hormones
used in the period, on the number of green leaves, number of yellow leaves, fresh
weight and dry weight of seedlings as well as rooting were examined , which were
found different (P <0.01). The highest length of branch (1.8 cm) was obtained in
MSM culture medium with BAP hormone in the third week. The highest fresh
weight (0.06 g), the highest dry weight (0.003 g) and the highest amount of green
leaves (55.39%) were obtained from the treatment of MSM medium with 1 ppm of
BAP hormone. The highest rooting rate (95.17%) was obtained from the treatment
of MS1/2 medium with 1.5 ppm of BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm of NAA hormone in
the third week. The most effective culture medium and hormone on branching was
MSM culture medium with 1 ppm BAP hormone and on rooting, MS1 culture
medium with 1.5 ppm BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm NAA hormone.

The world is battling with modern horrors like the COVID-19, which has left the entire world befuddled and in the lurch as to how one virus has brought the entire world to a standstill. This devastating virus which is declared by the WHO as the pandemic has taken over almost 195 countries in its grip.

This virus is mounting a very serious threat to the global economy as well, which is already in grave peril. There is no doubt that the Indian economy, which is already sputtering, is growing at one of the lowest rates in the last six years. And now, a new set of economic challenges unleashed by this virus is leaving many sectors in tatters.

It is a well-known fact that in the global supply chain, China plays a very pivotal role for India and its MSME sector as well, this sector is largely dependent on China for its raw material. For example, Indian drug makers source almost 70 per cent of their ingredients from Chinese factories and Chinese goods worth $30 billion. Thus complete lockdown of China and partial lockdown of India has led to various issues ranging from shrinkage of exports, cessation of production, non-availability of manpower, the uncertainty of consumption, and liquidity squeeze in the market as well.

The spike in COVID-19 cases all over the world poses a massive impact on various sectors of society. The global economy is no exception, for it has been severely affected by the unprecedented public health crisis leading businesspeople to shutdown commercial establishments and dramatically shifting businesses into digital platforms. Immense challenges brought by the pandemic have turned into great opportunities among entrepreneurs from different parts of the globe. In pursuit of the recovery path, they considered digital tools to be instrumental to surviving the crisis and even thriving in the long term. This study explores drivers and barriers to digital innovations in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) during economic disruptions from the perspective of Filipino young entrepreneurs. Researchers employed a qualitative method for the conduct of in-depth interviews with 46 online entrepreneurs in the Philippines and transcribed them for Inductive Content Analysis to generat...

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have great potential to promote economy in Indonesia. This research aims to know the influence of e-commerce, finance literacy, and managerial skills of MSMEs to increase the income of MSMEs in tofu craftsmen. The population consisted of 250 tofu MSMEs in Kalisari, and the sample comprised of 35 tofu MSMEs which were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were collected using survey method by closed questionnaires that were distributed directly among the owners or managers of MSMEs. The data processed by structural equation model analysis. The results of this study indicate that e-commerce, financial literacy, and managerial skills of MSMEs have a positive effect on increasing MSMEs revenues. Among of three independent variables, it is found that managerial skills had the greatest influence on increasing the income of tofu craftsmen MSMEs in Kalisari Village. This research is expected to contribute significantly to the MSMEs in the knowledge and application of E-commerce, Financial Literacy, and Managerial Skills. Implication of this study is to give practical contribution to MSMEs to give more attention on manajerial skills.

Profiling district is essential from policymaking and policy analysis perspective. This paper tries to analyze the economic and employment profile of Hardoi. While analyzing the sector-wise contribution, it also tries to analyze the involvement of people in different employment avenues. Paper also focuses on industrial profile with emphasis upon Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. While analyzing the agriculture sector, the paper tries to find hidden opportunities and challenges in the present scenario.

In recent years, the significance of MSME has been recognized in the world’s countries for its major contribution in various socio-economic objectives such as higher economic growth and employment, output, nurturing entrepreneurship and encouragement and support for exports. MSME play a vital role in the industrial development of any country. The MSME sector is a backbone of Indian economy for its contribution to growth of Indian economy. This sector is very much important for moves towards a faster and inclusive growth of country. The MSME sector can help for achieving the target of Nation Manufacturing Policy that manufacturing should contribute 25% in India’s GDP by 2022. The government of India has taken a good initiative of “Make in India”. This paper is to focus on performance of MSME & growth and opportunities. It is concluded that this sector significantly contributes in employment, exports and manufacturing output.

The study examined the choice of the different financing theories for explaining the capital structure source of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) that seeks to raise their capital, through examining the affecting factors on the main capital structure decision. The study used a questionnaire for 220 of Palestinian MSMEs in order to examine the financing decisions in these firms according to the main capital structure theories. The study found that in accord with the POT, it was confirmed an approach comprising an initial check on the availability of internal resources, followed by the use of internal capital. Where the most of the sample were prefer to depend on the personal money rather than to increase their capital through the partners and loans. Therefore, this suggests the need to raise awareness with regard to the concept of capital structure and the other determinations that affect MSMEs' capital financing.

The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has become an inevitable sector of the Indian economy in creating employment for the large number of people over the last six decades. It’s contribution is indispensable in the economic and social development of the country by nurturing entrepreneurship and creating the largest employment opportunities at lower capital cost next to the agriculture areas. It plays as a complementary for large industries as ancillary units and this sector contribute significantly in the inclusive industrial development of the country. It widened their domain across all the sectors of the economy, producing various range of products and services to meet out the demands of domestic as well as global markets. In order to enhance the support and contribution of the MSME on Indian economic empowerment the Ministry of MSME takes numerous measures and schemes like financial assistance, technology assistance and upgradation, infrastructure development, skill development and training, enhancing competitiveness and market assistance of MSMEs. Hence, the present paper aimed to understand the contribution of MSME in Indian economy in the recent scenario.
Keywords: MSME, Performance, GDP, Indian Economy, Employment, Entrepreneur.

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History Published Online: 15April2019 The MSMEs sector plays a significant role in the economy of India in terms of creation self-employment, new startup innovation ideas, entrepreneurial skill, exports, Industrial production and managerial skill. The present study deals with thegrowth and performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in the economy of Bihar. The study is based on the secondary data related to growth and performance of MSME's of State of Bihar, India. We have calculated the Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), percentage growth and graphical representation methods to analyze the performance MSME's. The result of the CAGR method indicates that the number of MSME's units in Bihar has increased during the study period but the yearly percentage growth rate has decreased continuously in the coming years while employment has achieved negative growth rate for the same period. The investment in MSME's units in Bihar has increased. Thus, it can be concluded that the rate of employment in the MSME's are not increasing as per the number of MSME's units in Bihar accordingly.

Employee engagement has emerged as a critical driver of business success in today's competitive marketplace. Further, employee engagement can be a deciding factor in organizational success. Not only does engagement have the potential to significantly affect employee retention, productivity and loyalty, it is also a key link to customer satisfaction, company reputation and overall stakeholder value. Thus, to gain a competitive edge, organizations are turning to HR to set the agenda for employee engagement and commitment.

This paper aims to draw a complete picture of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises' (MSMEs) structure and growth in Kerala by analysis all India censuses of MSMEs starting from 1973. The MSME sector in Kerala has been neglected in the past due to political, economic, and social reasons. This paper emphasizes the stature of the small business in the state by comparing principal characteristics of the sector with neighbouring states and all India averages. There is a tremendous growth opportunity for IT and tourism along with traditional industries like handicrafts, handloom, Khadi, food-processing industries, garment making, and textile industries in the state. Promotion of the sector would stimulate industrialization, solve the problem of slow growth, unemployment among educated youth, and the issues arising from the unprecedented return of migrates. This paper also analyzes the catalytic role of MSMEs in industrialization of rural and backward areas; targeting youth and socially disadvantaged group such as SCs, STs, and women. Most of the literature is focused on issues and credit crunch of the sector by oversimplifying the key role of MSMEs on state's development. The important finding of the study is: Kerala is far below in terms of area, population, and infrastructure facilities among Indian states, but in turn MSMEs' performance is the state stands among the top contributing state of the country.

Nigeria is a major oil-exporting country with huge energy deficit. The sub-Saharan country has over 100 million people without access to stable electricity. Where it is available, energy supply is erratic. In a search for clean alternative energy source, the government made a national target of generating 13000MW with 30 percent from Renewable Energy (RE) sources. Meanwhile, lack of access to finance has been the bane of Small and Medium Enterprises in the country. This study explore how RE technologies and projects are financed by developers and sponsors in the subsector. A survey was conducted and responses were received from RE developers and financiers. Inferences were made on their views using T-statistical test. The RE developers surveyed were confirmed to follow Pecking Order in financing their activities. Furthermore, qualitative data on RE projects transactions were obtained from reputable organisations like Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Nigeria Investment Promotion Commission and others. The contents were analysed (transaction-based analysis) and ‘quantitised’ using variables such as project size, technology, financial instrument, policy mechanisms, financial mechanisms and strategies. Regression analysis was performed on the data generated using the Ordinary Least Square method. The results show that RE project size, policy and financial mechanisms are essential in driving private finance into bankable RE projects. In addition, strategic move by government through development banks and donors (Official Development Assistance and Development Financial Institutions) can facilitate the supply of finance to meet the risk-capital needed by RE developers in the subsector. In turn, this will reinvigorate the development of the Nigerian financial market and its economy.

The phrase-Make in India has been accepted with much fanfare. It is gaining an extremely wide and deep mind and literature positioning as if the country had been revealed upon a magical staff which will change India's production capabilities in no time. As part of the economic reform campaign, the plank-Make in India-pledges to encourage multinational companies and Indian companies as well to manufacture their products in India, focus on job creation and skill development, increase GDP growth and tax proceeds, attract capital and technological investment in India and many more. The paper attempts to analyse whether the campaign will succeed in convincing the foreign players of business as well as the domestic business tycoons who have resorted to conduct business operations outside to set up manufacturing units in India and exploit local minds and resources in the face of India's low positions in terms of ease of doing business. The success of-phrase‖ assumes further significance in light of the worsening religious harmony and the country marching ahead on the path of Kakistocracy.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to formulate a multiple regression model by considering those factors which are positively affecting the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India.
Methodology: The data used in this study are primary in nature which are collected through questionnaire method. The questionnaire involves the nature and size of business and opinion of the owners and managers of 454 MSMEs in Katihar district, a semi-urban area of Bihar in India, regarding the various favourable factors of digital banking on a Likert scale of 1 to 10. Findings: The findings of the study suggest the various favourable factors of digital banking with significant coefficients
i.e. Level of Easiness in accepting payments, Level of Easiness in making payments, Level of Easiness in Managing the expenditure of Business, Level of Time Saving, and Level of Check on Misappropriation or Theft of Cash are contributing towards the growth of MSMEs in India.
Research Implications: This research will be helpful to the bank managers and policymakers to encourage the MSMEs of semi-urban areas to use digital banking by stressing on only significant favourable factors and also to take necessary steps so that the MSMEs could reap the full benefits of digital banking. The study could give a new insight regarding the extent of contribution of digital banking towards the growth of MSMEs in rural and semi-urban area.

ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT Article History Published Online: 15April2019 The MSMEs sector plays a significant role in the economy of India in terms of creation self-employment, new startup innovation ideas, entrepreneurial skill, exports, Industrial production and managerial skill. The present study deals with thegrowth and performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise in the economy of Bihar. The study is based on the secondary data related to growth and performance of MSME's of State of Bihar, India. We have calculated the Compound annual growth rate (CAGR), percentage growth and graphical representation methods to analyze the performance MSME's. The result of the CAGR method indicates that the number of MSME's units in Bihar has increased during the study period but the yearly percentage growth rate has decreased continuously in the coming years while employment has achieved negative growth rate for the same period. The investment in MSME's units in Bihar has increased. Thus, it can be concluded that the rate of employment in the MSME's are not increasing as per the number of MSME's units in Bihar accordingly.

Emerging country like India, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have occupied an indispensable role in the planned industrialization of the economy. Most of the small industries have a low capital cost and high potential for employment generation. The MSMEs are the engines of economic development because of its flexibility in all the spheres for the changing environments. Industrial promotional agencies took a vital role in economic development in India by promoting entrepreneurship as this is one of the major sources for new job creation which can lead to increase the employment and raising the standard of living of the people. They play a vital role in reducing regional disparities by inducing in providing assistance to new enterprises, small and medium firms as well as to the industries established in backward areas. The Government of India in order to promote the entrepreneurship various promotional agencies provide numerous assistances like financial assistance, administrative assistance, technical assistance, marketing assistance and so on. Hence, the government has set up various centres or institutes to impart training and development to entrepreneurs, so as to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The present paper aimed to understand the contribution rendered by various entrepreneurship promotional agencies and also focused to depict their objectives and policies in order to develop the entrepreneurship in India.

An empirical study has been carried out to find out for borrowers what factors lead to difficulty or satisfaction in the borrowing process and for non-borrowers it has tried to identify reasons behind not seeking institutional finance. The broad objective of the study is to find out the problems being faced by MSMEs in obtaining institutional finance. The survey was conducted in the Kamrup district of Assam using questionnaires presented to both registered and unregistered MSMEs. The conclusion from the study was that registration did not have much influence over borrowing behaviour of MSMEs. Also, both borrowers and non-borrowers were found to have the highest problems with security requirements.

As multi-layered accounts, the publication ‘Design at the Doorstep; Design Approaches for MSMEs’ brings to the fore the typical characteristics and concerns of the Indian MSMEs and scope for design intervention in this crucial sector of the economy. While demonstrating the design intervention approaches that are appropriate and contextual to this sector, it highlights the role of academia in developing such sector specific solutions and approaches. And it portrays the design journey to scale up this unique approach across the country.

Through this publication, the author informs the wider audience about the advantages of adopting design as a business strategy, and above all, the role of design and professional designers to raise the bar of quality of products of MSMEs to create better value in international business.

Kain tenun sebagai kain budaya menjadi sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia.  Beragam  jenis  kain  tenun  telah  dikembangkan  dan  menjadi  ciri  budaya  lokal  dibeberapa wilayah di Indonesia. Misalnya tenun Sumba yang dikembangkan di daerah Nusa Tenggara, tenun ikat Kalimantan, tenun ikat Jawa atau tenun polos Jawa yang sering disebut kain lurik, tenun Sumatera dan seterusnya. Tenun, apapun jenisnya, memiliki daya tarik yang kuat. Selain kualitas serat kainnya lebih unggul dari kain buatan pabrik, tenun memiliki nilai sosial dan budaya yang tinggi karena tenun biasanya dikerjakan secara bersama-sama dengan kreasi motif yang mencerminkan budaya yang dikembangkan masyarakat setempat. Secara ekonomi pun selembar kain tenun memiliki nilai jual yang menguntungkan untuk menambah pendapatan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
Kain tradisional tenun Samarinda, atau yang dikenal dengan Sarung Samarinda, termasuk salah satu tenun yang menjadi ciri khas daerah dan warisan budaya yang masih dipelihara hingga  saat  ini.  Sarung  Samarinda  mempunyai  keterikatan  erat  dengan  sejarah  cikal  bakal berdirinya Kota Samarinda sehingga terdapat muatan lokal yang sangat kental pada produk tersebut. Selain itu, tenun ini juga mempunyai potensi ekonomi tinggi yang dapat dikembangkan dan diproyeksikan akan menjadi pendukung lokomotif pertumbuhan ekonomi baru di wilayah Samarinda.
Pada  tahun  2012  Pemerintah  Kota  Samarinda  telah  mencanangkan  Kampung  Tenun Samarinda yang berlokasi di Samarinda Seberang sebagai daerah tujuan wisata nasional. Konsep daerah tujuan wisata budaya tidak hanya fokus kepada para pengrajin tenun semata sebagai pelaku usaha utama, tetapi juga melibatkan pelaku usaha sektor-sektor pendukung lainnya seperti  sektor  perdagangan,  transportasi, penginapan,  kuliner,  dan  lainnya  yang  mayoritas merupakan pelaku UMKM.
Menyadari penting dan strategisnya peran UMKM untuk pengembangan Kampung Tenun menjadi suatu daerah tujuan wisata, berbagai program peningkatan kapasitas dan kemandirian UMKM khususnya pengrajin tenun di Kampung Tenun terus dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan pihak  terkait,  termasuk  Bank  Indonesia.  Namun  demikian,  upaya  pemberdayaan  ini  masih memiliki kendala terkait kualitas sumber daya manusia, akses pasar, manajemen usaha dan
pembiayaan.
Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, dalam rangka menyediakan rujukan bagi stakeholders untuk pengembangan Kampung Tenun sebagai daerah tujuan wisata, maka menjadi kebutuhan
untuk penyediaan informasi mengenai Kampung Tenun secara komprehensif meliputi potensi, tantangan serta rekomendasi dalam bentuk kajian atau penelitian. Kami  mengucapkan  terima  kasih  kepada  pihak-pihak  yang  bersedia  membantu  dan bekerja  sama  serta  memberikan  informasi  dan  masukan  selama  pelaksanaan  kajian.  Besar harapan  kami,  bahwa  buku  ini  dapat  melengkapi  informasi  dan  menjadi  rujukan  untuk mewujudkan Kampung Tenun sebagai daerah tujuan wisata di Samarinda.

Kontribusi UMKM terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Nasional menurut harga berlaku pada tahun 2017 adalah sekitar 60% atau sebesar Rp 5.940 triliun (BPS, 2018). Namun Pajak yang terserap dari sektor UMKM yakni PPh Final bahkan pada tahun 2017 hanya sebesar 5,7 triliun rupiah. Padahal pada tahun 2017 tersebut masih berlaku Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 46 yang mengatur tarif Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Final untuk UMKM adalah 1% dimana pada Tahun 2018 telah dirubah oleh PP Nomor 23 Tahun 2018 dengan tarif 0,5%. Artinya masih banyak potensi Pajak UMKM yang belum tergali. Penelitian ini ingin memberikan kontribusi akademis terhadap gambaran optimalisasi potensi pajak UMKM melalui pendekatan Kesadaran dan Moralitas. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksplanatif dengan pendekatan Kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan pada 100 sampel UMKM di Kota Malang. Hipotesis yang diuji adalah 1) pengaruh secara signifikan Tax Awareness terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM; 2) pengaruh secara signifikan Tax Morale terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak; 3) pengaruh secara simultan dan signifikan Tax Awareness dan Tax Morale terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Tax Awareness atau Kesadaran Pajak dan Tax Morale atau Moral Pajak baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM di Kota Malang.

The study carried out an empirical analysis of the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) in Nigeria and its Impact on Economic Development. Variables such as Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Unemployment Rate (UR) and Inflation Rate (IR) were used to determine the impact of the growth of MSMEs and Its Impact on Nigeria’s Economic Development. The study analyzed entrepreneurship from the cradle of civilization to 2017. However, due to unavailability of statistical data for GEI, the regression analysis only covered Year 2000 to 2017. Year 2000 because it is believed that enabling business policies were only provided after Nigeria started a new democratic dispensation in 1999.
The hypotheses tested showed a positive relationship between GEI and GDP, and GEI and UR. This implies that entrepreneurship has a positive impact on Nigeria’s economy; it leads to economic growth and development as a result of increase in GDP.
However, a positive relationship between GEI and UR means the more efficient and productive the MSME sector, the higher the rate of unemployment. This is confirmed by the fact that despite the increase in the amount of MSMEs to over 30 Million and its employment capacity of over 50 Million, there is still an increase in the rate of unemployment in Nigeria. It is believed that this is as a result of an ever increasing number of graduates which is believed to be above 500,000.
As expected, there is a negative relationship between growth of the Micro, Small and Medium scale sector and inflation rate. This is a good fit as general availability of products as a result of multiplicity of MSMEs is expected to reduce the general price level of goods and lead to sufficiency.
Using Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) as a proxy for entrepreneurship and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Unemployment Rate (UR) and Inflation Rate (IR) as proxies for economic development, the findings showed that a causal relationship exists between GDP and GEI, IR and GEI, GDP and UR; GDP and IR.
The study therefore recommends amongst others that the Nigerian government and other financial institutions should come to the aid of the Micro, Small and Medium Scale sector by providing special loan facilities which will enable them obtain modern technology. Irrespective of the sector, inefficiency will have a negative toll on economic development. Training facilities should be provided by relevant agencies to increase the efficiency of the MSME labor force. Special schemes should be introduced to encourage female entrepreneurs and provision of basic amenities such as road and electricity and an affordable transportation facility will be helpful.

Social distancing restrictions and demand shifts from COVID-19 are expected to shutter many small local businesses. This paper provides an analysis of the impacts of the pandemic on the number of 20 active small local businesses in Calasiao, Pangasinan. The purpose of this study is to know-how is the performance of the local businesses in our area and impacts in times of our currently facing COVID-19 pandemic. This study involved the use of the descriptive method. This study utilized primary data to fragment and to further discuss the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on local businesses. They were chosen using the non-probability convenience sampling technique. Major findings of this study consist of; 75% Calasiao, Pangasinan local business owners are female – local businesses are consisting of most women owners most likely in developing areas to support the family needs (Female Agenda, 2016), 50% of the local business owners are 30 years old above – adults in these areas have knowledge in entrepreneurship because they already have a broad understanding and are able to manage investment money in the business (Kumar 2009),  25% the local business owners are operating food stalls as their business strand/type – as stated by BusinessOrg (2019) food stalls are increasing in numbers because of its accessibility to public and small capital is just needed, where local business owners can afford to start their own without investing in such big needed capital businesses like fisheries, market, and services, 70% of local business owners are high school graduates – according to CNBC (2021) business owners who skipped out on education (mainly college) all shared some common threads: self-reliance, a good idea and a willingness to take risks, the local business owners experienced decreased of sales varies from 50%, 35%, and 15% – according to World bank (2020) the main reason of local business owners decreased sales is limited operation (58 percent) and inability of customers to come to establishments (38 percent), 44% of local business owners are lacking of customers – US Chamber (2021) stated that whether it's due to public health concerns, strict in-store capacity limits or less disposable income among their customer base, it's not surprising that many small businesses have lost some momentum in their customer relationships throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, 67% of local business owners are struggling –according to a recent poll conducted by the World bank (2021), 70% of small business are still concerned about the financial impact of COVID-19 on their business, with 58% fearing they may have to close permanently due to their struggling momentum in this time of pandemic due to loss of customers, support, and rising debt, and 31% of local business owners are become creative to showcase their products – according to The Conversation (2021) creativity will help businesses survive these pressures and secure their place in this volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world. It’s not just about coming up with creative ideas, but putting these local business owners into action and responding to the shifting priorities as new regulations are enforced throughout the pandemic.  Overall, our paper contributes to our understanding of the economic impact of COVID-19 on the small business ecosystem. The fate of the 20 local business owners who work in small businesses is closely tied to the resilience of the small business ecosystem to the massive economic disruption caused by the pandemic. Our results highlight the role the length of the crisis will play in determining its ultimate impact, which policymakers should consider as they contemplate the scale of the required interventions. These findings of stage losses to small businesses have important policy implications and may portend longer-term ramifications for job losses and economic inequality.

The once in a century crisis like COVID-19 will have enormous ramifications for the economy. With India employing around 90 per cent of its workforce under the informal category, the impact goes beyond the economy to social issues like rising unemployment and an increase in poverty[1]. The formal and organised sectors like hospitality, civil aviation, and automobiles also have no shield and no response to the pandemic. To the serendipity, agriculture came to the rescue for the Indian economy, providing employment and enough thrust to rural households to sustain them at a bare minimum. Though agriculture and IT came to the rescue, the impact of COVID-19 on the economy is unambiguousthe worst. This blue moon incident demands appropriate Government intervention to heal the wounds it created.

Penulisan buku ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran dan berbagi informasi mengenai proses dan kisah sukses dari upaya pemberdayaan  sebuah  kelompok  nelayan  rumput  laut  di  Kabupaten  Nunukan, yang berbatasan dengan Sabah, Malaysia. Melalui penerbitan buku ini juga diharapkan dapat memberikan inspirasi bagi pembaca dan referensi  bagi  pemangku  kepentingan  dalam  rangka  pemberdayaan  ma-
syarakat  pada  umumnya  dan  kelompok  usaha  budidaya  rumput  laut pada khususnya. Cakupan dalam buku ini antara lain meliputi proses perjalanan budidaya rumput laut oleh sekelompok masyarakat di Kabupaten Nunukan yang dimulai sejak inisiasi program, tantangan yang dihadapi, kiprah dan
peran  local  champion,  peran  pemerintah  daerah  dan kolaborasi  Bank Indonesia  dengan  stakeholders,  serta  strategi  pemberdayaannya.  Selain itu, kisah petani rumput laut dalam meningkatkan posisi tawar dan peran penyuluh/LSM  lokal  sebagai  pembina  sentra  rumput  laut  turut mewarnai  buku  ini.  Selanjutnya  analisis  mengenai  potensi  dan  strategi
pengembang an rumput laut ke depan diuraikan secara umum pada bab terakhir. Keberhasilan  budidaya  rumput  laut  di  Kabupaten  Nunukan  merupakan prestasi yang patut dibanggakan. Pada saat ini Kabupaten Nunukan telah menjelma menjadi kabupaten penghasil rumput laut terbesar di Indonesia, walaupun pengembangannya baru dimulai sejak tiga tahun terakhir  dan  secara  teoritis  karakteristik  perairannya  tidak  cocok  untuk budidaya rumput laut. Kunci sukses program tersebut terutama berkat ada nya  kesadaran  petani  rumput  laut,  penerapan  pola  pendampingan dan pelatihan yang tepat sasaran, terbentuknya sinergisitas dari berbagai pemangku  kepentingan,  serta  diterapkannya  strategi penguatan  value chain yang lebih berorientasi pasar.

The study carried out an empirical analysis of the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) in Nigeria and its Impact on Economic Development. Variables such as Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Unemployment Rate (UR) and Inflation Rate (IR) were used to determine the impact of the growth of MSMEs and Its Impact on Nigeria’s Economic Development. The study analyzed entrepreneurship from the cradle of civilization to 2017. However, due to unavailability of statistical data for GEI, the regression analysis only covered Year 2000 to 2017. Year 2000 because it is believed that enabling business policies were only provided after Nigeria started a new democratic dispensation in 1999.
The hypotheses tested showed a positive relationship between GEI and GDP, and GEI and UR. This implies that entrepreneurship has a positive impact on Nigeria’s economy; it leads to economic growth and development as a result of increase in GDP.
However, a positive relationship between GEI and UR means the more efficient and productive the MSME sector, the higher the rate of unemployment. This is confirmed by the fact that despite the increase in the amount of MSMEs to over 30 Million and its employment capacity of over 50 Million, there is still an increase in the rate of unemployment in Nigeria. It is believed that this is as a result of an ever increasing number of graduates which is believed to be above 500,000.
As expected, there is a negative relationship between growth of the Micro, Small and Medium scale sector and inflation rate. This is a good fit as general availability of products as a result of multiplicity of MSMEs is expected to reduce the general price level of goods and lead to sufficiency.
Using Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) as a proxy for entrepreneurship and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Unemployment Rate (UR) and Inflation Rate (IR) as proxies for economic development, the findings showed that a causal relationship exists between GDP and GEI, IR and GEI, GDP and UR; GDP and IR.
The study therefore recommends amongst others that the Nigerian government and other financial institutions should come to the aid of the Micro, Small and Medium Scale sector by providing special loan facilities which will enable them obtain modern technology. Irrespective of the sector, inefficiency will have a negative toll on economic development. Training facilities should be provided by relevant agencies to increase the efficiency of the MSME labor force. Special schemes should be introduced to encourage female entrepreneurs and provision of basic amenities such as road and electricity and an affordable transportation facility will be helpful.

Talent management in SMEs is different than in larger firms' They face some constraints that are not an issue in larger firms such as lack of specializea "*putiit", but have powerful advantages such as dealing with talent on a one-on-one' case-by-case basis' Diffe-rent nrtr, hui" different paths to success in talent management' Retaining and developing "f""i NG ONS

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural and backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the country. In the development of Indian economy and Industrial sector small industry sector have a major role to play. Small scale industries comprise 50% of Indian manufactured export, 45% of India's industrial employment and also small scale industrial units have great role in increasing GDP.

The small scale sector has played a crucial role in bringing socioeconomic development of the countries during the past 50 years. The MSMEs (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) in India are acting as power and spirit of economic growth in the 21 st Century. The sector is the backbone of an economy for any country, as it is the principal contributor to manufacturing, exports and employment generation. The concept of socioeconomic development counts both social and economic aspects of development. Its major indicator, the GDP is a specific measure of economic welfare that does not take into account important aspects such as leisure time, environmental quality, freedom, social justice, or gender equality. Socioeconomic impact assessment focuses on evaluating the impacts development has on community social and economic well-being. The present study focused on the socioeconomic impact of MSMEs on its employees in Lakhimpur district of Assam.

MSMEs are particularly important for emerging countries, primarily because of their potential in job creation. The MSEs are more than just GDP earners; they are instruments of inclusive growth which touch upon the lives of the most vulnerable, marginalised, women and the most skilled. Being the largest source of employment after agriculture, the MSE sector in India enables 650 lakh people. MSEs also act as ancillary industries for large scale industries. Yet, lack of access to finance is a major obstacle to their growth. In addition to limited development of industries in NER, there is limited availability of data on whatever industries exist there. Around 54% of industrial units are concentrated in Assam among NE states. There were 37,356 registered MSME units in Assam providing employment to 2.05 lakh persons till the end of March 2013. The SLBC data showing the credit disbursals towards MSME sector by commercial banks inAssam do not show a favourable picture. Formal lending sector is always preferred over informal sector by the MSMEs. The study aims to find out the characteristics of MSMEs operating under rural villages in Assam and also the various problems encountered by them in obtaining finance from banks.