Industrial Design

Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates are a guide to Lean Six Sigma Green Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, and Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt Projects. Lean Six Sigma Practitioners use the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) Phases. The Lean Six Sigma Improve Phase Tollgate Templates include the most common tools used in the Improve Phase. There are Backup Slides that include the tools and templates of Optional or less often tools. There are guidelines in the notes section. These templates are used to document Lean Six Sigma Projects as they are executed. There are checklists and guides to ensure the Improve Phase is completed and approved before moving to the next process improvement phase. I wish you well on your projects. Steven Bonacorsi, Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt.

Understanding communication in collaborative design is helpful for development and selection of communication software and technology in design project. The aim of this article attempts to explore the differences between the influences of synchronous and asynchronous modes on collaborative design learning projects. Two experiment projects were conducted, and the participation record and the content of communication were collected. Both quantitative and content analysis methods used in order to indicate the attributions of different communication mode. Results of this study showed that there have differences in participation and communication pattern between the synchronous and asynchronous modes on collaborative learning project. It should be noted that this study is restricted to the size of sample and uncertain variables. The future research is obviously required.

This volume has been prepared under the auspices of the project entitled, ‘Competition Reforms in Key Markets for Enhancing Social & Economic Welfare in Developing Countries’ (CREW Project). This project was implemented by CUTS in four countries: Ghana, India, Philippines and Zambia, and across two common sectors: Staple Food and Bus Transport with the support from DFID (UK) and BMZ (Germany) facilitated by GIZ (Germany). The aim of the project was to highlight the relevance of competition reforms for social and economic welfare in developing countries, and motivate other countries, governments and development partners to accord greater attention to the subject of competition reforms. In view of this overall aim of the project, with inputs from the project advisers CUTS designed the final conference of the CREW project on a broader theme to talk about ‘Relevance of Competition & Regulatory Reforms in Pursuing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Developing Countries’. The theme was thought to be both contemporary and relevant in view of the adoption of the SDGs a couple of months before this final conference. In addition to the support it received from DFID (UK), BMZ (Germany) and GIZ (Germany), the conference also received support from the World Bank, G-77 Secretariat and the OECD. CUTS is grateful to all the above organisations for supporting the conference, and indeed also the production of this volume. We acknowledge the support from the members of the Project Advisory Committee of the CREW project, who contributed to make this conference a grand success. Special thanks to Clement Onyango and colleagues at CUTS Nairobi for their support and tireless efforts in the run-up and during the conference. We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and patience of all the paper authors for contributing extremely interesting individual chapters to this volume. We are also thankful to those friends of CUTS who reviewed the draft papers – Eleanor Fox, Tania Begazo/Martha Licetti (World Bank), Rafaelita Aldaba, R S Khemani, Frederic Jenny, Payal Malik, Allan Fels, David Ong’olo, Ashwini Swain, Peter Holmes and John Davies/Lynn Robertson (OECD). We are indebted to Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary General, UNCTAD for writing an encouraging Foreword – and we hope to continue to receive his and UNCTAD’s support. We greatly appreciate the diligence of Madhuri Vasnani and Garima Shrivastava for editing and Mukesh Tyagi for preparing the layout of this report. Special thanks are due to Ashutosh Soni for his excellent coordination of communication with authors and reviewers of papers of this volume. We acknowledge the efforts of all the members of the CREW team, especially Cornelius Dube, Shreya Kaushik and Neha Tomar. Last but not the least, this report would not have seen the light of the day without the skillful direction, and overall guidance of Pradeep S Mehta, Secretary General, CUTS. He took special interest in this volume and went through each and every paper carefully himself. Words alone cannot convey our sincere gratitude to each and every individual who have contributed in every small way towards bringing out this volume. But it is only words that this world thrives on. We express our sincere gratefulness to all such individuals, without whom the publication of this volume would not have been possible.

The focus of this paper aims to analyze a pioneering design magazine «Stile Industria» that became a prime arena for debate in the consolidating Industrial Design community. Forty-one issues were published between 1954 and 1963, initially at quarterly intervals then bimonthly on issues of design applied to industry, graphic art and package. Directed by Alberto Rosselli  and promoted by Gio Ponti, his partner and father in law, the magazine is affiliated with the architectural magazine «Domus» for its nine years of life. The editing staff is initially composed of friends and professionals close to Rosselli, all young people at their first editorial experiences: the architect-designer Giancarlo Pozzi, Franca Santi Gualtieri graduated from the Accademia of Brera, Michele Provinciali graphic, and Luciana Rosa Foschi, first as a secretary and then editor since 1957. This staff was over time increased by many other contributors including Angelo Tito Anselmi (editor), Maria Bottero who replaces Mario Galvagni as a columnist in the review of books and products. Other columnist were Bruno Alfieri, Bruno Munari, Gillo Dorfles, Carlo Santi, Ettore Sottsass Jr. etc.
The aim of the paper is threefold:
1. analyze a magazine, also created by female contribution, still poorly explored and known through a systematizazion of papers related to the Industrial Design
2. investigate the drafting work of professional women for whom «Stile Industria» became a springboard for new editorial experiences. For example Franca Santi Gualtieri will collaborate with the magazine «Abitare» founded by Piera Peroni since 1961, with an editing staff almost exclusively female, until becoming director in 1974. Also Maria Bottero will enter the editing of important architecture magazines such as «Zodiac» and «Abitare».
3. Finally, as a third objective, to report citations or good feedbacks of the works of women in the field of design starting from «Stile Industria»

The increase in pipeline manufacturing for process industries calls automation of welding system (AWS) in tune with today's demand for accuracy in welding, increased productivity with lesser resources and enhanced profit. Manual welding results in more manpower requirement, low productivity, and low weld quality etc. Automatic welding removes all above problems thus making system itself superior to manual welding system. In this paper, automatic welding system is designed and developed for welding of 'V' Groove in Pipes. AWS based on Embedded / Microcontroller with mechanized output control system is developed for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technique. Moreover, system is simple and economical.

Construction and demolition waste is one of the important category of solid waste. Many recreational and building projects contribute towards generation of ample quantity of waste produced on these respective sites. Reutilisation of the construction and demolition waste can be very beneficial in terms of various managing and operational parameters on a construction site. This paper emphasises upon study ofassessment of reutilization of various categorical waste from constructional site situated at different geographical areas. Numerous types of waste generated from these respective sites are taken into consideration and their reutilisation on the same site is focussed which resulted in reducing cost, labour work and wastage of the materials. By-product formation from the reutilisation of waste generated from these types of constructional arena is being focussed upon. Further recommendations in terms of the future scope of the study are given at the end of the paper.

The Museum of Industry and Technology founded in Cracow in 1868 by Adrian Baraniecki was a unique cultural institution in 19th century Poland occupied by invading powers. Its founder, a physician and philanthropist from the Ukraine, forced to emigrate from the Russian sector of Poland due to his involvement in the January Uprising of 1963, decided to create a modern educational institution which would foster development of industry in Poland.

Throughout all stages of the design of a chemical plant, engineers of many disciplines communicate by reference to diagrams ranging from the simple block diagram, where process alternatives are screened and developed, to the comprehensive engineering line diagrams from which the plant is planned and fabricated. The graphic symbols employed in these diagrams need to be relatively simple and versatile, so that they may be easily modified to suit the particular design requirement; also their form should be representative of the equipment they describe.

PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT ELSEVIER The Journal of Product Innovation Management 18 (2001) 28-38 How integrating industrial design in the product development process impacts on company performance Gerda Gemser3'*, Mark AAM Leendersb "University of ...

Parametric Design is a computer based design approach that treats the geometric properties of the design as variables. The dimensions, angles and geometric properties (like curvature) remain malleable as the design progresses. Although at any time the 'parametric model' displays a determinate shape according to the set of currently chosen values, the essential identity of the parametric design resides in the malleable object's topology rather than its momentary determinate shape. This means that the design consists in the relationships that are maintained between the various elements of the composition. In fact the parametric design model is conceived as a network of relations or dependencies. This way of building up a design has the important advantage that the build-up of complexity and the detail resolution of the design can progress while simultaneously maintaining the malleability to adapt to changing requirements as new information is fed into the design process. The generation of alternative options remains viable and economical deep into the detail design without requiring abortive modeling and drafting work. This parametric malleability is advantageous both for the sake of continuous design adjustments as the design progresses, and for the sake of the generation of options and variations. The parametric model can be conceived as general building plan or genotype for the generation of many different versions or phenotypes that might co-exist (rather than substitute each other as options). Optioniering thus leads to versioning. Mechanical repetition is being replaced by mass customization.

Àtrucc è una caraffa da tavola destinata al vino ed è, in sintesi, un tentativo di coesione tra artigianato e disegno industriale: un salto nella tradizione ceramica rustica pugliese per sottrarre alle generazioni passate un "trucco", ovvero un "segreto", indagarlo ed avanzare ipotesi morfologiche e strutturali capaci di dare vita ad un prodotto contestualizzabile alla nostra modernità.

In India, water is fast becoming a scarce resource. As our country proceeds to achieve developments towards being a knowledge-based economy, competing demands for this limited resource coming from households, industry, and agriculture have wide-ranging implications for the country's future. In line with these challenges, Indian industry is realising the importance of conserving and managing water, not only because of the growing scarcity and poor water quality impacting industrial operations, but also because of the fact that they are becoming conscious of their responsibility to (a) conserve water resources and (b) ensure clean water, for their own operations and to help communities around. In order to assess the extent of awareness of the industry to possible initiatives to address water challenges, an empirical research has been undertaken using survey research on a population of practicing managers across the country. This empirical research considers the severe impacts of the water crisis situation and examines if industry participation would help communities as well as their own operation in conserving and preserving this scarce resource. As part of this research, the awareness of private sector to the possible initiatives which are available to help water management has been considered in (a) internal sense (companies looking at the water efficiency in their own operations), and in (b) external sense (looking beyond the walls of the factory to help communities manage and cope with the water crisis situation).

This article addresses the new theories and concepts of design management: design thinking, user experience (UX) and service design. They consider people's experiences and focus on the characteristics of each one of them. From industrial design, the scope and relationships between these definitions-now better visible-were analyzed, which always belonged to the design field of the discipline, from which an attempt was made to identify how they influence innovation, design and development of new products. To account for the evolution that the design field has had, the most significant processes are contrasted to visualize the differences that make this change fundamental. Finally, it is concluded on its strategic relevance for the application in public and private organizations. Also taking into account how these theories are methodologically incorporated into the set of activities inherent to industrial design.

This work concerns studies related to strategic development of products in which bio-based plastics are or will be applied, referred to as bio-based products. The studies cover (1) current and potential benefits of bio-based products in extended value chains including activities after end-of-life of products, (2) value communication between stakeholders in extended value chains, and (3) creating an integrated development approach for optimized bio-based products. Most existing models for value chains were found to be one-way single-flow models to which iterations and interactions have been added to obtain realistic representations of best practices. Interviews of thirteen professionals clarified some barriers between the current implementation of bio-based plastics and the ideal sustainable value chain fulfilment. The most noticeable barriers included trustful information sharing, information and knowledge gaps, sub-optimum application of bio-based plastics, and the need for facilitating product design. The main designers' needs are increased integrated literacy related to bio-based materials, eco-effectiveness and a more effective communication competence in value chains. Based on all findings, six approaches of design tasks integration into value chains have been proposed. These approaches encourage designers to think and act widely across value chains and particularly help implement life cycle thinking to achieve profitable sustainability.

There is a growing need for designers with research skills and designers that are able to design for the user experience, next to or instead of technical issues. Over the past five years we have developed so-called ‘contextmapping’ techniques to inform and inspire design teams about the experiences of the prospective users of the products the team designs. In this paper we present the key elements of this teaching programme, and explain how we divided the elements over different courses in the Industrial Design Engineering curriculum in our university.

Podemos definir un estilo como un repertorio de formas que se manifiestan en una época y en un contexto concreto. Algunos historiadores del diseño ven con muy malos ojos el estudio de los estilos porque consideran que es un tipo de análisis que pertenece a la historia del arte y sobre el que se insiste demasiado.

In the last years, new classes of advanced materials are emerging, influenced by computing, Internet of Things, and hybridization of design with science. These materials are overpassing conventional smart materials, by presenting additional degrees of intelligence. These are ICS Materials, an acronym for Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials. While research centers around the world are experimenting with these new materials, there is the need to reflect on their definition, develop a classification, and identify constraints, potentials , and their impact on design. This paper is a step in this direction and provides the initial results of a basic research project focused on studying ICS Materials. In this paper, we provide the theoretical foundations and present a tentative map for them. This map is the result of an ongoing process of analysis of about one hundred best examples and practices. In conclusion, emerging issues and questions arisen from this study are presented.

This study focussed on the work system design to be used by a colombian food sector company for distributing products. It considered the concept of participative ergonomics, where people from the commercial, logistics, operation, occupational health areas worked in conjunction with the industrial designers, ergonomists who methodologically led the project. As a whole, the project was conceived as having five phases: outline, diagnosis, modelling the process, scalability, instrumentation. The results of the project translate into procedures for selecting, projecting a new distribution centre, the operational process model, a description of ergonomic systems that will enable specific work stations to be designed, the procedure for adapting existing warehouses. Strategically, this work helped optimise the company's processes and ensure that knowledge would be transferred within it. In turn, it became a primary prevention strategy in the field of health, aimed at reducing occupational risks, improving the quality of life at work. r

Over the past six decades designers and manufacturing companies have been increasingly open to user-centred approaches that define product designs based on what people need. They realize that it is the only way to satisfy these needs and to give added value to their design. Meanwhile recent studies note that designers are key cultural intermediates and must embody cultural values in the products they design.
Research methods have been more and more derived from and shared with social science approaches, one of which is ethnography. The appeal of ethnography to design follows from the recognition by designers that the development of technologies increasingly relies upon an appreciation of the social circumstances in which systems are deployed and used. It allows seeing patterns of behaviour in a real world context, patterns that we can understand both rationally and intuitively. A second development is that people as users or consumers have been given more influence in the design process. In this design participation they participate in the informing, ideating, and conceptualizing activities in the early design phases. This study investigates what can be done in terms of coffin design to provide; desirable, affordable, responsible, respectful and dignified coffins within the informal market sector. Botswana was used for this Case Study. The aim of the study is to find a balance between financial, cultural and emotional needs with respect to coffin design in Botswana.

Nosotros los latinoamericanos podemos mejor que nadie decir que el proceso de globalización, con todo y sus secuelas, comenzó el mero día del descubrimiento inesperado de América. Se desarrollaron los medios de transporte y se modificaron las economías cerradas hacia un mercado mundial. La gran desventaja de los pobladores originales fue no haber conocido la pólvora, la brújula, ni el papel y la imprenta. Lo que se ha tratado de maquillar como "Encuentro de Dos Mundos", más bien fue un "Encontronazo".

We present an efficient Hough transform for automatic detection of cylinders in point clouds. As cylinders are one of the most frequently used primitives for industrial design, automatic and robust methods for their detection and fitting are essential for reverse engineering from point clouds. The current methods employ automatic segmentation followed by geometric fitting, which requires a lot of manual interaction during modelling. Although Hough transform can be used for automatic detection of cylinders, the required 5D Hough space has a prohibitively high time and space complexity for most practical applications. We address this problem in this paper and present a sequential Hough transform for automatic detection of cylinders in point clouds. Our algorithm consists of two sequential steps of low dimensional Hough trans- forms. The first step, called Orientation Estimation, uses the Gaussian sphere of the input data and performs a 2D Hough Transform for finding strong hypotheses ...

A thick industrial design studio curriculum INTRODUCTION Izmir University of Economics is located on the Izmir bay on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Nearly six thousand students attend this English speaking private university which was established in 2001. The Faculty of Art and Design ...

This article reports on the implementation of published guidelines for retrofitting tractors with safe access platforms, which were developed to reduce the risk of serious injuries and deaths associated with mounting and dismounting. Farmer interviews and engineering−based inspections of ten retrofitted tractors were conducted to gather information regarding benefits and disadvantages of the retrofitting and to assess the construction of the platforms. A scoring system was developed for platform retrofitting, and weighted scores between zero and ten were calculated for tractor access before and after retrofitting. Access was improved on all tractors, although to varying degrees. The average post−retrofit weighted score was 6.3 (range 2.6 to 9.7), compared with the pre−retrofit average of 0.9 (range 0.3 to 1.6). Five tractors received a post−retrofit score of 8.0 or higher. None of the lower−scoring tractors fully met the specifications for placement of the bottom step or rear wheel guard, two key characteristics for runover prevention. Other characteristics associated with a lower post−retrofit score included a low bottom step, high step rises, absence of colored nosing, and the front handrail space not being filled in. Platform retrofitting had little effect on tractor operations and substantially improved ease of access. This is the first published evaluation of a design−based solution for tractor runover injuries. This study shows that general guidelines for retrofitting of safe access platforms can be successfully applied. Mechanisms to increase adherence to the key criteria of bottom step positioning and rear wheel guarding should be included in future promotion.

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The standard operation of companies involves managing risk, whether that risk comes from safety or financial factors. Despite this fact, most companies do little or nothing to manage the safety or financial risk related to their controller automation. This is quite surprising for manufacturing and production companies that depend primarily on equipment and process automation. Those involved in industrial management, plant safety, maintenance and installation of automation equipment should give serious consideration to the risks involved with their PLCs. This article focuses on automation control, but the following approach should be applied to all aspects of manufacturing and production automation.

The concept of mass customisation is not new yet the UK construction industry has yet to grasp this opportunity to deliver greater value to its customers. The government report Rethinking Construction [Egan 1998] clearly identifies this issue:'We have repeatedly heard the claim that construction is different from manufacturing because every product is unique. We do not agree. Not only are many buildings such as houses, essentially repeat products which can be continually improved but, more importantly, the process of construction is ...

The purpose of this study was to analyse the academic English language lacks and needs of Industrial Design students in Universiti Teknologi MARA Kedah (UiTM). It highlights the lacks and needs for English for Academic Purposes in helping the students to succeed in the program through the usage of English language. The research tools used were in the form of a questionnaire and interview which later being computed using SPSS into data analysis. Results indicated that the students have problems in acquiring the English language skills. This shows the weaknesses of English Language courses in helping the students to acquire the language skills needed by the faculty. The study concludes that relevant actions should be taken as to ensure the needs of the students are fulfilled and they can perform effectively in the program and future career.

This article presents a pilot study carried out in the city of Barcelona on assistive resources applied to an itinerary of possible interest to visually impaired people. The objective of this study was to use qualitative research techniques to analyze the use of tactile maps, produced with 3D printing, in order to allow people to identify and memorize routes. This analysis was carried out using an evaluation model based on the principles of Universal Design (UD). Four visually impaired users participated in this initial study. They tried the different mock-ups, providing an experience in response to the main research questions: “Could 3D printing be a good technique for making tactile maps for all users, especially visually impaired users?” and “Could a visually impaired person use a map printed with this technique to learn a route to visit an accessible heritage site?”