Sources of Financing

The study examined the choice of the different financing theories for explaining the capital structure source of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) that seeks to raise their capital, through examining the affecting factors on the main capital structure decision. The study used a questionnaire for 220 of Palestinian MSMEs in order to examine the financing decisions in these firms according to the main capital structure theories. The study found that in accord with the POT, it was confirmed an approach comprising an initial check on the availability of internal resources, followed by the use of internal capital. Where the most of the sample were prefer to depend on the personal money rather than to increase their capital through the partners and loans. Therefore, this suggests the need to raise awareness with regard to the concept of capital structure and the other determinations that affect MSMEs' capital financing.

In article investment activity of managing subjects is considered carried out by means of investment
resources formed by them. In market economy sources of formation of investment resources are rather diverse. As a
rule, all sources of financing of investments subdivide on centralized and off-budget and the basic methods of
financing of investment projects are: self-financing, participation financing; credit financing; design financing.
Optimum structure of sources of financing of investments is that structure which provides the greatest
profitability of own means. Therefore at a choice of this or that source of financing of investments, whether it be
external or internal sources, it is necessary to start with necessity of achievement of the greatest economic benefit.
The basic criteria of a choice of sources of financing of investments are cost of attraction of a concrete source,
availability, life cycle of the enterprise and the concrete investment project, risks, efficiency etc.

Oil and gas companies are facing a critical challenge as the world increasingly shifts towards clean energy transitions. Fossil fuels drive the companies' near-term returns, but failure to address growing calls to reduce greenhouse gas emissions could threaten their long-term social acceptability and profitability. In the current realities of financial technology development, it is necessary to move from traditional ways of financing companies' activities to more transparent, fast and efficient ones with positive environmental considerations. The article reveals the distinctive features of the climate policy of the oil and gas business of the Russian Federation, in particular, the realities of the development of this industry in the face of foreign economic shocks in the form of sanctions as well as how to keep the damage to the environment to a minimum. The oil and gas business and companies in this industry are significant not only within the country but also on the international market as participants in export-import, finance, investment, political and other types of relations. The availability of such fuel and energy resources within the country allows it to be in a certain degree in high positions on the world market, since companies in the industry accumulate a significant amount of capital in their foreign trade and foreign economic activities and, to a certain extent, ensure the movement of foreign currency within the framework of their trade and economic relations. The authors of the article calculated an economic and mathematical model based on the structural-dynamic and coefficient analysis, that allows determining the feasibility of forming a new digital tool for the devising constructive Climate Policy for oil and gas projects financing. In the course of the analysis, based on Russian quarterly data for 2015-2018, the connection between the level of overdue debt on oil companies loans and the development indicators of the Russian oil and gas business was determined. The main conclusions presented in the article can be used in scientific and practical activities to develop financial and credit technologies as well as Climate Policy used in the oil and gas business.