E-Banking

The financial sector plays an important role in the economy by providing the necessary funding to the various parties and offering important opportunities for the investment of funds, which reveals in the standard of living within societies. This latter is a key indicator for measuring the degree of competitiveness of economies. This research paper purposes to highlight the importance of reforming the financial sector within the competitiveness of the Algerian economy, which suffers from a clear decline in the levels of competitiveness due to a number of structural imbalances, which is contributed by a number of factors, most notably the weakness and fragility of the banking sector. The study concluded that there is a necessity to go fast towards reforming the financial sector in order to enhance the competitiveness of this economy.

Adopting electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) in a country like Egypt, with over 80 million, needs clear understanding of the Egyptian users' characteristics, perception, and e-readiness. E-CRM provides various benefits to banks, employees and bank clients, and can serve a great number of users regardless of the bank's capacity and working hours. In order to better understand the e-CRM readiness in the Egyptian context, a structured questionnaire was devised to survey a sufficient number of bank employees; as the actual e-CRM users. The investigation was conducted in Alexandria, as the second main city in Egypt. Data collected was analysed statistically using SPSS. From the data analysis, supported by a review of literature, the researchers could better understand the problem, derive conclusions and make recommendations to e-CRM decision makers, which would help promote and enhance the e-CRM in Egypt.

The main objective of this research paper is to observe whether the selected Indian Banks are using Artificial Intelligence based technological application or not and if the banks are using AI based applications, then what are different the purposes for which they using them. This was pursued by conducting structured interview of branch heads of the selected 16 scheduled banks of Meerut (U.P.). The researcher with the help of a questionnaire inquired from the branch heads of selected banks and compared the responses with the desired state using GAP Analysis Worksheet. The study clearly suggests none of the banks selected by the researcher in his research except the new private sector banks use artificial intelligence based technological applications. The new private sector banks are also use artificial intelligence based technological applications for petty purposes. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M15 (IT Management)

This paper concentrate on how far commercial banks in Sri Lanka have been adapted to online banking facilities and its impact on brand loyalty among professional customers. The main research objective of the study is to identify the level of influence made by online banking facilities on brand loyalty of the professional customers in commercial banking sector. The findings revealed that perceived value and trustworthiness influence the brand loyalty among professional customers than the customer satisfaction on brand loyalty. This is in line with an empirical study supporting the notion that trust and other security beliefs influence consumers' intent to purchase goods over the internet and that perception of internet security influence potential purchasing behavior. Bank management can transform their branches with technology to serve their customers better. This could strengthen the bond with customers and make them more committed to continuing to use the online banking services.

Electronic banking services are provided by virtually all the Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) within Yenagoa metropolis, with the aim of decongesting the banking hall and providing a convenient and satisfactory services to customerss. Yet, bank customers experience delayed services, as the banking halls and ATM stands are always crowded. This study therefore, investigated the impact of e-banking service quality on customers satisfaction in Yenagoa
metropolis. Survey data was collected from 186 customer (respondent) of the 15 DMB, in the study area. Both correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that customers are relatively satisfied with quality of e-banking services (accessibility, convenience, speed and security), but were dissatisfied with the fees/charges compared to quality of services provided by the banks. The result showed that accessibility, convenience, speed and security have significant positive impact on customers’ satisfaction. On the other hand, fees/charge has a significant inverse relationship with customers’ satisfaction. It is thus, recommended among others for DMBs, to reduce their fees/charges on e-banking services, this would lead to greater patronage of the e-banking services. This in turn will lead to decongestion of the banking halls and greater customers’ satisfaction.
Keywords: E-banking, Customers’ satisfaction, DMBs, Fees/Charges, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Technology based self service banking (TBSSB) includes banking services that customers use independently without any interaction with the bank employees. Though banks have successfully launched TBSSB services (i.e. ATM Banking, Internet Banking, Tele Banking, Mobile Banking etc.), but their adoption among mature customers is still very low in India. In this study people above 50 years of age are considered mature. The purpose of this paper is to find the factors that affect the adoption or intention to adopt TBSSB by mature customers in India. For this purpose, various attributes affecting the adoption of TBSSB by mature customers have been explored. A survey has been used to collect primary data and 152 usable questionnaires were used for the purpose of analysis. Factor analysis procedure was employed to identify the underlying structure among the various explored attributes. This study will help bank managers in gaining insight of the critical attributes and factors affecting adoption of TBSSB, which in-turn will facilitate banks to redesign TBSSB services for mature customer as well as designing promotional activities to convince more and more mature customers to adopt TBSSB.

As per the recommendation of the Nachiket Mor committee submitted its final report on 7 th January 2014, for the purpose of Comprehensive Financial Services for Small Businesses and Low Income Households, the concept of payment banks came in the existence on 17 th July 2014. Subsequently in February 2015 RBI released the list of 41 applicants and out of which on 19 th

KATA PENGANTAR

Beberapa hal yang baru selalu muncul mengikuti perkembangan dunia yang semakin cepat berubah karena adanya teknologi-teknologi terkini yang hadir.  Perubahan itu suatu hal yang pasti tanpa seorangpun bisa mencegahnya. Lihat saja kehadiran ponsel canggih (smartphone) telah mengubah seluruh wajah dunia dalam satu genggaman.  Semuanya ada di dalam genggaman termasuk informasi-informasi mengenai bank dan lembaga keuangan.  Saat ini seorang dosen dituntut untuk berkreativitas dan berkoneksitas dengan teknolgi canggih dibidangnya jika ingin maju dan tidak ketinggaln zaman.
Dalam bidang perbankan ada perubahan yang cukup signifikan yaitu hadirnya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) sebagai lembaga independen yang mengawasi bank mengantikan posisi yang dulu ada ditangan Bank Indonesia.  Tidak itu saja, OJK juga hadir sebagai lembaga pengawas lembaga keuangan non bank yang sebagian dulu berada dibawah kendali BAPEPAM-LK.  Kehadiran OJK sebagai lembaga baru dibidang pengawasan bank dan lembaga keuangan non bank mengubah banyak hal pada buku-buku teks tentang bank dan lembaga keuangan non bank yang  beredar saat ini. Begitu juga dengan kehadiran Lembaga Penjamin Simanan(LPS) sebagai lembaga penjamin simpanan nasabah di bank.
Penulis mencoba menyelami dan mengambil suatu kesempatan untuk mencoba menulis buku  sesuai kondisi terkini di bidang perbankan dan lembaga keuangan mengikuti perubahan-perubahan yang sedang  terjadi.  Perubahan-perubahan yang juga sangat terasa itu diantaranya dengan kehadiran Fintech sebagai salah satu pemain baru di bidang penyaluran kredit secara online berbasiskan internet (branchless) yang otomatis menjadi lembaga keuangan non bank yang berada dibawah asuhan OJK.  Disamping itu  juga kehadiran Lembaga Keuangan Mikro baik konvensional maupun syariah yang tentunya menunggu regulasi dari pemerintah dan lembaga yang mengawasinya yakni OJK. .
Pada bagian pertama buku ini yang terdiri dari sembilan bab yang membahas tentang lembaga keuangan bank yang teridiri dari (1). Overciew Lembaga Keuangan, (2). Sejarah Bank, (3). Bank Indonesia, (4). Bank Umum, (5). Kegiatan Menerima Dana, (6). Kegiatan Menyalurkan Dana, (7). Kegiatan Layana Jasa,  (8). Bank Syariah, dan (9). BPR.  Dalam bab ini Penulis mencoba menghadirkan suatu hal yang baru dengan memadukan pengalaman dibidang profesional sebagai seorang karyawan di industri perbankan, finance dan pasar modal yang dikombinasikan dengan pengalaman sebagai akademisi dibeberapa perguruan tinggi selama belasan tahun lamanya. 
Pada bagaian kedua buku ini yang terdiri dari sebelas bab, yang membahas tentang lembaga keuangan non bank yang terdiri dari (1) Fintech, (2) Perusahaan Pembiayaan Insfrastruktur, (3) Leasing, (4). Anjak Piutang, (5). Kartu Kredit, (6). Modal Ventura, (7). Pegadaian,  (8). Asuransi, (9). Pasar Modal, (10). Pasar Uang dan Valuta Asing,  dan  (11) Dana Pensiun yang  juga tidak terlepas dari pengalaman penulis sebagai seorang profesional di bidang keuangan seperti di perusahaan Leasing, di bidang pasar modal, di bidang asuransi dan bidang keuangan lainnya yang pernah bersentuhan dengan pekerjaan yang lalu. 
Pada pembahasan bab 3 buku ini terdiri dari dua bab yang membahas tentang lembaga keuangan independen merupakan suatu hal yang baru secara terpisah dari lembaga keuangan bank dan non bank. Penulis menambahkan lembaga keuangan independen sebagai salah satu unsur dalam lembaga keuagan yang secara fungsinya tidak melakukan kegiatan menerima dana (saving), menyalurkan dana (lendingg/financing) dan melayani jasa  (service). Lembaga keuangan independen menjalankan fungsinya sebagai pengaturan, pengawasan, pemeriksaan dan penyidikan  serta penjamin kegiatan lembaga keuangan bank dan non bank.  Lembaga keuangan independen ini terdiri dari; (1).  Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan (2). Lembaga Penjamin Simpanan (LPS)). Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa buku ini belum sempurna dan setiap pekerjaan itu pasti ada kekurangannya, termasuk dalam hal penulisan buku ini. Masih  banyak  yang harus  penulis pelajari dan kuasai.   
Buku ini hadir setelah dua tahun berjalan dalam proses penulisannya. Terkadang energi menulis ini begitu besar, teradang juga surut  karena berbagai hal. Dengan kehadiran buku ini, penulis sangat mengharapkan dukungan doa dan pemikirannya untuk kembali menyiapkan buku tentang pengalaman sebagai Account Officer di perbankan syariah.  Semoga buku ini bermanfaat bagi seluruh pembaca yang budiman.  MERDEKA
Banjarmasin,  Desember 2019

SYAFRIL

Development of information technology in the last few years, have brought about a lot of changes in almost all facets of life. In the banking industry, it has been in the form of banking services offered through an electronic channel. Electronic banking is the wave of the future, it has a lot of benefits which add value to customers' satisfaction in terms of better quality of service offerings and at the same time banks can gain more competitive advantage over other competitors. Despite this there are a lot of challenges that may hinder the success of e-banking services and thus constitute major concern to both financial institutions and customers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and focus on the different opportunities and services of e-banking in Sudanese banking sector, and the challenges associated with it. Regardless, the different e-banking services found in Sudan but still there are a lot of challenges associated with its successful implementation. This paper followed the analytical/qualitative method to investigate such a problem. Both primary and secondary data were collected, and excel was used to analyze collected data.

The main subject of the research study reported here is the use of Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Egypt. Our main concern will be social and cultural, although there will be some scope for technical perspectives. The research inquires into how decisions are made by decision makers in banks regarding ATMs and whether these decisions address customer needs and reflect customer understanding. A questionnaire has been used to survey customers, and semi-structured interviews are being used to explore decisions and opinions within the banks and with other interested parties. The data collected is qualitatively analysed to check on similarities and differences in main stakeholders' views. Some interesting differences are discovered.

“BANK DAN LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MODERN LAINNYA”

Buku ini dirangkum berdasarka pengalaman penulis selama mengajar nahasiswa untuk mata kuliah “Bank dan Lembaga Keuangan Lainnya” di Perguruan Tinggi. Dari pengalaman mengajar tersebut diketahui  telah terjadi beberapa perubahan kebijakan dan aturan mengenai lembaga keuangan bank maupun lembaga keuangan non bank di Indonesia, misalnya pengawasan bank yang semula berada di bawah pengawasan Bank Indonesia kini sudah beralih ke Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, disamping  itu juga hadirnya lembaga keuangan baru seperti Financial Technology yang masih sedikit referensinya.  Untuk  menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan penulis mencoba untuk menghadirkan buku ini. 
Mahasiswa dan msyarakat umum bisa menjadikan buku ini sebagai  salah satu referensi  untuk mengenal  berbagai lembaga keuangan, baik itu bank maupun non bank.  Disamping  itu,  buku ini tentunya  tidak terlepas dari berbagai kekurangan dan membutuhkan  saran  dari pembaca yang budiman.


Syafril, SE,.MM  lahir di Pekanbaru dan menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar dari SD, SMP dan SMEA jurusan Tat Buku di kota Pekanbaru – Riau.  Melanjutkan pendidikan sarjana (S1) Akuntansi di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Widya Wiwaha Jogjakarta, dan menyelesaikan pendidikan pascasarjana (S2)  Magister Manajemen konsentrasi Manajemen Pemaasaran  di Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin.  Saat ini menjadi Direktur di perusahaan milik  sendiri  dan juga menjadi  dosen di  ASMI Citra Nusantara dan Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin.  Penulis mempunyai pengalaman berkerja sebagai  Internal Auditor di PT. Salim Indoplantation, dan pada beberapa posisi dan daerah penempatan di PT Bank Syariah Mandiri, dan juga pernah berkerja kurang dari setahun di perusahaan finance dan pasar modal.

Now a day's due to the emerging world economy, e-commerce and e-business became increasingly a necessary component of business strategy and a powerful catalyst for economic growth. The integration of information and communications technology in business has revolutionized relationships within organizations and those between and among organizations and individuals. The new information technology for the financial services industry and in particular the further development of the banking industry is becoming an important factor. As well as according to health recommendations, one of the most effective ways to contain the current COVID-19 epidemic is to avoid personal contact. This means reducing the movement of people and increasing the time they spend at home as much as possible. In line with these indications, most banks in the affected countries have reduced the opening hours of their branches and they recommend their customers use online banking. At the same time, the adoption of e-banking provides a framework to assess the factors taken. With the emergence of the global economy, e-business has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a powerful catalyst for economic growth. Online-banking has become popular because of its convenience and flexibility, and also transaction related benefits like speed, efficiency, accessibility, etc. It also provides easy transfer, faster operation, lower cost and time-saving. Results from this study indicate that a number of advantages to electronic banking is a service of the Azerbaijanian banking sector, at the same time, research shows that the banking sector in Azerbaijan submitted by customers regarding electronic banking do have enough information.

This research paper sought to analyse the benefits and risks of electronic banking for commercial banks in Zimbabwe. A cross sectional survey was used to address the objectives and hypothesis of the study. The results revealed that e-banking in Zimbabwe has five critical success factors which are the use of e-banking for cutting costs, to enhance customer loyalty, to offer convenience, to improve profitability and competitive marketing. The study showed that the major benefits of e-banking are improved convenience to customers, cost reduction and an improvement in customer loyalty. The perceived risks of e-banking were revealed to be low levels of computer literacy, low security levels, lack of access to the internet for the majority of the population and operational problems associated with computer systems for most banks. The findings of the study imply that banks should invest more in improving customer awareness of e-banking products and reduce perceive risks of e-banking. The government and monetary authorities must improve legislation and infrastructure to encourage faster adoption of e-banking technologies.

E-Banking has emerged as a channel to provide banking services to customers electronically via banks’ websites. Although e-banking services have gained a lot of attention due to its enormous advantages, many consumers are still not willing to use them because of the risk involved in conducting transactions online, hidden charges, lack of trust and system failure. There is a plethora of research conducted on the positive utility gains attributable to e-banking adoption or usage but the measures of potential negative utility (perceived risk) have been ignored. In the present study, the diverse literature available worldwide on perceived risk factors in e-banking has been explored by using interpretative approach, viz. objectives, research methodology, sample, respondents and the results of the study for further enquiry. This study builds up a strong conceptual framework for the researchers by thoroughly analyzing the empirical studies on perceived risk in different countries. The current research adds value to the existing literature and also leads to discussion addressing further areas for open debate and research. Our approach has meaningful implications for managing risk in the e-banking sector. The banks should put more emphasis on implementing e-banking risk management practices in order to increase usage of e-banking services among consumers.

E-banking has a lot of benefits that add value to customer’s satisfaction in term of better service quality, and at the same time enable banks to gain a competitive advantage over other competitors. However, more attention towards e-banking security is required and needed against fraudulent behavior because the lack of control over security makes e-banking still un-trusted for many till today. This paper presents security issues related to e-banking along with the characteristics and challenges of e-banking fraud. Different types of attacks, some fraud detection strategies, and some prevention methods used by electronic banks, are also presented in this paper. An expert opinion method was used to rank different model and techniques in security. Results indicated that the most effective model is “Transaction Monitoring” and the worst models based on respondent’s opinions are “Virtual Keyboards”, “Browser Protection”, and “Device Identification”. The organization of this paper go in the following manner: section 1 will introduce the topic, followed by a literature review in section 2. Section 3 depicts the research methodology adopted and the data analysis process. Finally, conclusions and future work are stated at the end of the paper.

Biometrics-based authentication is a potential alternative to password-based authentication. Of all biometric methods, face-based identification is one of the most convenient one. In ATM systems, facial images are captured using a high resolution camera. Bank security measures can play an important role in preventing customer attacks. These measures are of paramount importance in addressing the weaknesses of civil lawsuits. Banks must meet the criteria to provide their customers with a secure banking environment. This paper focuses on the increased vulnerability and criminal activity of automated teller machines (ATMs), not the bank themselves. Both customers and bankers.

Online banking and other e-banking modes are a very convenient way to banking in terms of speed, convenience and delivery costs, but they have brought many risks alongside them. Online banking has created a new risk orientation and even new forms of risk. Technology plays an important role as both a source and a tool for risk control. The purpose of this research is to identify the security situation of the e-banking application and to analyze the risks and attacks that could occur to the customers that, although it's an ebanking application attacks could happen. Several mitigations were mentioned to overcome attacks like, access control is to mitigate eavesdropping this means that, restricting access to sensitive data is mandatory. Another way to mitigate is, update and patch which is for SQL injection meaning, it's vital to apply patches and updates when it's available. These attacks may attack the whole application or target an individual where private information is stolen or changed. This research also shows how to apply several more different protections measures to protect oneself and organization from being targets of cybercrime.

The process of designing information technology strategy plan (ITSP) in this research is using the research methodology Mixed Methods Approaches by the scope of the research framework on the COBIT framework V.4.1 in Domain Plan and Organize, with the approach in the IT Process PO1-Define a Strategic IT Plan with coverage Detailed Control Objectives, on the activity PO1.1 IT Value Management, PO1.2 Business - IT Alignment, PO1.3 Assessment of Current Capability and Performance, and PO1.4IT Strategic Plan. As a major research framework, COBIT V.4.1 able to limit the scope of the problems in this research, and can perform transcription analysis on the various theories and frameworks that relate to the design of IT organizations. Research produces 4 outputs consisting of; identification between sustainability goals with the objectives of the IT institutions, identify the value of IT management, to get an assessment of current capability and performance, and the IT strategy plan.

The design is divided into seven discussions, namely the following; institutes goals in the context of IT in the ITB, IT leads to ITB, information architecture, application architecture, infrastructure architecture, organizational architecture, and IT Roadmap development. Classification of services in the main IT ITSP consists of Teaching and Learning Services, Academic Administration Services, Research and Expertise Service, Human Resource Development Service, Organizations Management Service, Service and Support. Discussion of the organization strategies focus on the IT Management Unit in the ITB. IT Architecture in the ITSP is divided into 4 main categories, namely information, applications, organizational, and infrastructure. The others discussion is about IT planning related with institutes business goals context, on investment and related development of IT Roadmap achievement in ITB.

Keyword: CIO, COBIT V.4.1, CSF, ITSP, McFarlan, Webometric, WCU

Το e-banking αποτελεί καθημερινή πραγματικότητα για όσους το χρησιμοποιούν. Στη παρούσα εργασία προσπαθήσαμε να παρουσιάσουμε με τρόπο όσο γίνεται πιο επαρκή και ουσιαστικό τις προσφερόμενες υπηρεσίες και προϊόντα e-banking των δεκαέξι μεγαλύτερων τραπεζών που δραστηριοποιούνται τα τελευταία χρόνια στην Ελλάδα και έχουν αναπτύξει ιστοσελίδες e-Banking. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας ο αναγνώστης θα πληροφορηθεί για γενικά στοιχεία του e-Banking, όπως το τι είναι, ένα σύντομο ιστορικό εξέλιξής του, οι υπηρεσίες και τα προϊόντα που προσφέρει καθώς και όλα τα χαρακτηριστικά και συστήματα ασφαλείας που χρησιμοποιούν οι τράπεζες για να διασφαλίσουν τις συναλλαγές τους.

O mundo tem passado por uma grande transformação em quase todas as áreas de actividade com o desenvolvimento cada vez maior das tecnologias de informação, e de uma forma muito particular nas actividades bancária e comercial.
No caso de Moçambique, os sistemas bancário e comercial não ficaram à margem do processo de desenvolvimento, pelo que tiveram de introduzir novos meios e sistemas de pagamento na realização de suas operações.
Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretende estudar a evolução dos meios de pagamento em Moçambique no período compreendido entre 1975 e 2014.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelayanan digital Bank Syariah Mandiri terhadap kepuasan nasabah baik secara parsial, maupun secara simultan yang dilihat menggunakan dimensi E-Servqual yaitu  Efficiency, reliability, fulfillment, privacy, responsiveness, compensation, contact). Namun, pada dimensi compensation tidak dapat digunakan karena belum ada pelaksanaannya pada perbankan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan data primer yang didapat langsung dari jawaban
100 responden yang merupakan nasabah Bank Syariah Mandiri yang menggunakan fasilital layanan Elektronik Bank seperti ATM, BSM Net Banking, SMS Banking, dan Mobile Banking. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel Efficiency, fulfillment, dan contact  memiliki pengaruh terhadap kepuasan nasabah dari nilai t hitung lebih besar daripada nilai  t tabel 1,661. Variabel yang mendominasi terhadap pengaruh kepuasan nasabah adalah variabel Contact. Adapun Variabel privacy, dan responsiveness tidak memiliki pengaruh karna Thitung lebih kecil dari Ttabel. Sedangkan pada hasil uji simultan, keenam variabel secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh yang signikan terhadap kepuasan nasabah dengan Fhitung sebesar 29,139. Pada uji koefisien determinasi (R²), variasi variabel independen yang digunakan dalam model mampu menjelaskan sebesar 65,3% variasi variabel dependen. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 34,7% dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini.

Electronic banking and finance is the penetrating mechanism with a variety of services especially in the banking sector. Globalization and technological advancement like kiosks and internet brought many products and services like ATMs, Smart cards, Online Banking which is facilitating electronic payment, Plastic money services, Brokerages and foreign exchange transactions, which automatically leads to wide access of B2B and B2C business domains. The website technology has totally transformed the banking business. The success of Internet banking depends upon the well designed website of a bank. India has 155 scheduled banks with 99,218 ATM network (June-2012). SBI leads the pack with 22,469 ATMs followed by Axis Bank with 10,337 ATMs. In India E-Finance are governed by several acts like IT act-2000, Central bank guidelines on internet banking etc. Even it has many advantages; E-Finance in banking sector has associated with many risks like security risk, System architecture and design etc. So this paper discusses the impact of E-Finance on banking sector, its various products and services, diverse risk associated with electronic banking services and its solutions to tackle these challenges. The study is based on exploratory research mainly on qualitative analysis.

Customer relationship and retention is the key to success for banks. One of the way to achieve
it, is through improvement in overall service quality of online banking. This paper have identified factors influencing overall service quality of online banking by survey of 400 online
banking users and have proposed a model. After that psychographic and demographic variables
are identified and classification is being done within respondents using cluster analysis and researcher get three clusters. Appropriate statistical techniques like k-means cluster, hierarchal
cluster analysis were used to classify the segment of respondents. The paper concludes that ebanking user are classified in three clusters and their behavior for each cluster is different. The behavior of cluster one is positive and they are accepting the changes, the behavior of cluster two is negative, they are not ready to accept the changes and the behavior of cluster three is mixture of both clusters.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر الخدمات الإلكترونية المالية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية في المصارف التجارية الأردنية، وقد اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على منهج البحث الوصفي التحليلي الملائم لأغراض البحث، تكون مجتمع الدراسة من العملاء الذين يستخدمون الخدمات المالية الإلكترونية التابعة للبنوك التجارية الأردنية في العاصمة عمان خلال العام 2013 والبالغ عددها (13) مصرف، تم استخدام أسلوب العينة العشوائية البسيطة لإختيار العينة من مجتمع الدراسة و صممت استبانه بهدف جمع المعلومات من عينة الدراسة حيث وزعت (455) استبانة، استرجع منها (363) استبانة، استبعاد منها(13) استبانة بسبب عدم اكتمال إجابة المبحوثين عليها، وبالتالي بلغت الاستبانات الخاضعة للتحليل (350) استبانة. وقد تم إجراء المعالجة الإحصائية التي تتناسب مع أغراض وأهداف هذه الدراسة. ومن أهم نتائج هذه الدراسة وجود أثر ذو دلالة إحصائية للخدمات المالية الإلكترونية التي تقدمها المصارف التجارية الأردنية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية من وجهة نظر العملاء، كما و أظهرت النتائج أن خدمة الصيرفة عبر شبكة الإنترنت هي الخدمة ذات الأثر الأكبر في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية من وجهة نظر العملاء، وكانت خدمة الصراف الآلي هي الأقل تأثيراً في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية للبنوك التجارية الأردنية. وعليه فقد أوصت الدراسة إدارات المصارف التركيز على خدمة الصيرفة عبر الهاتف النقال، كون نتائج الدراسة أكدت على أن هذه الخدمة تزداد أهميتها كلما زاد إنتشار الهواتف الذكية، وأوصت إدارات بنوك عينة الدراسة بتطوير برنامج لنشر الوعي التكنولوجي بين العملاء الحاليين والمتوقعين.


The Effect of E-Financial Services in Achieving Competitive Advantage for Commercial Banks in Jordan
Abstract
The study aimed to identify the role of electronic financial services to achieve competitive advantage in the Jordan commercial bank. The study used the descriptive analytical research method which was appropriate for the purposes of research. The target population consisted of all customers who use the electronic financial services which is offered by the commercial banks in Amman during this year (2013) in (13) commercial banks. The research used the simple random sample and designed a questionnaire to collect data from the study sample .The research distributed (455) questionnaires, (363) questionnaire were returned and (13) were dropped due to incomplete answers, however, (350) questionnaire were used for analysis. Different statistical methods were used to achieve the objectives of this study.
The results of the study showed that there is a significant effect of the electronic financial services offered by commercial banks of Jordan in achieving competitive advantage from the point view of the customers, the results also showed that financial services via the internet had the largest impact in achieving competitive advantage from the point of view of the customers, finally, the ATM services had the lowest impact in achieving competitive advantage for commercial banks in Jordan.
Finally, the research recommended that the Jordanian commercial should focus on financial service offered by the Jordanian commercial banks via mobile phone. The study also recommended making awareness technology programmers for current and expected customers.

Nowadays, there has been a revolution in banking. With the Government promoting the concept of Digital India, banking has shifted from the good old manual banking systems to digital banking and electronic banking. With the advent of ATM machines and cards, credit cards, kiosks, e-platform transactions the way customers and clients do banking has expanded and has become varied. And with such expansion and diversity and intersection of technology with banking, there are many challenges and legal issues faced in today's banking sector especially regarding retail services. Now we can avail of a loan with the click of a button from our computer or mobile.This paper aims to look at such challenges and issues in a very brief manner

Gone are the days when banks had stipulated working hours. Banking services were limited in number and to avail these services, customer had to visit the branch of the concerned bank. Traditional banking system had monopolistic characteristics. There were only government banks and then in the year 1969, there was nationalization of almost all major banks in India. There were around 13 private banks operating in India even prior to the year 1968. The major changes started emerging with the establishment of ICICI Bank Limited in private sector in 1994. There are 21 private banks and 12 public sector banks operating in our country, as on date, along with one state owned payments bank. This banking network provides a number of banking and financial services but then there are other financial institutions which are also engaged in providing n number of services to the customers. Computerization in banking industry set in early 90s and since then banking and financial services sector has envisaged complete digital revolution. Banking and financial services industry has under gone a metamorphosis since then. Technology in banking and financial services sector has totally changed the face of this industry. Technology has invaded in almost all operational procedures of banking and financial services industry may it be receiving a small request or delivering a specific service. Technology has entered into almost all the operational spheres of banking and financial services industry. Technology has also helped this industry to offer new services to its customers. It is not that technology has contributed positively only to this industry but it has disadvantages as well. In the following paragraphs, the role of technology in banking and financial services and advantages and disadvantages of technology in this sector are discussed.

Comparatively a little attention has been paid to the factors that obstruct the acceptance of Internet banking in Sri Lanka. This research assimilates constructs such as security and privacy, perceived trust, perceived risk, and website usability. To test the conceptual model, we collected 186 valid responses from customers who use Internet banking in Sri Lanka. The structural equation modelling technique is applied and hypotheses are validated. The findings show perceived trust and website usability are the possible obstructing factors that highly concerned by Internet banking customers. While security and privacy, and perceived risk are not significant and these are not highly concerned by customers in Internet banking acceptance. The age and gender reveal the moderating effect in each exogenous latent constructs relationship. The practical and managerial implications of the findings are also discussed. This country specific study contributes to the advancement of Internet banking acceptance, and offers some useful insights to researchers, practitioners and policy makers on how to enhance Internet banking acceptance for country similar in context.

This report describes the market position of ING in comparison with its competitors in the context of economic growth of the countries they operate. These countries are the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany, where ING is more active and gains more money. Also, the report shows product differentiation of ING Group. The company mainly puts emphasis on innovative and digital products to create comfortable banking system for people, which increases brand loyalty for the firm. At the end, the main weaknesses of the company are mentioned, which are weak performance in insurance market and having significant market position in countries where economic growth is low.

The dramatic technological advancements has shaped the way e-banking services are delivered, where e-transactions has started to dominate the banking industry worldwide. Although literature is rich with investigations on e-banking, most of these studies have been conducted in developed countries, with very few tackling the security behaviour (SB) of users in developing countries. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate E-banking transactions SB of bank clients in Egypt. The study proposes a model which identifies Social Standards, Technical Factors, Trust and Convenience together with user demographics as antecedents to SB. Experience of e-banking usage has also been introduced as a moderator for the research model. Questionnaires were designed and randomly distributed over 700 bank clients, where 478 valid were returned. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS to compute the convergent validity and reliability, descriptive statistics, regression analysis; and the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also used. Data analysis revealed very interesting results. Descriptive analysis implied that users highly trust and feel convenience towards having other people handle their ebanking transactions using their personal own cards and data. Applying Regression Analysis and SEM, showed a significant positive impact of Social Standards (SS) and Technical Factors (TF), while there is a significant negative impact of Trust and Convenience on SB. Trust was also found to be the most important variable for SB, followed by Convenience, then TF, and finally SS the least important. Regarding demographics, only income was found to have a significant impact SB, while other demographic variables were insignificant. However, Experience was found to have a significant impact on SB, and to play a significant moderation role between each of SS,

Tap, click and swipe-these are the new sounds of money. Modern technology is fast replacing paper with computer files, bank tellers with automated teller machines (ATMs) and file cabinets with server racks , and banks too have come a long way from the old days of manually recording transactions in registers and tallying them up at the end of the day. Now, customer can do multiple things from the comforts of home or office with e-Banking - a one stop solution for all banking needs. This study aims to present the factors which are critical for the success of e-banking in India. The top three factors critical for success of e-banking included: cost and promotion; security and privacy; ease of use. Apart from these banks need to pay attention towards enhancing of its services and developing simpler websites with useful content.

During the past few years, with the use and availability of the internet exponentially increasing, many sectors, including banking, undergo a rapid and often abrupt change in the way they operate. Technological innovations, along with changes to the preferences of the modern customer open up the way to a digitalised world. Banking services and delivery channels go through an enormous shift from traditional non-digitalised processes supported by bank employees, to fully online and self- serviced; rendering physical branches and employees vastly redundant. This research aims to examine this evolution by analysing the technological and sociological factors that have contributed to it, including advances in mobile telephony and online data management, as well as customer trends of reducing visits to physical branches and liaising with bank employees.

This thesis further illustrates how, with the use of cloud technology, big data analysis and internet of things devices, the transformation of financial institutions fostered the rise of tech-savvy start-ups, which are widely known as fintech companies. It also examines the effort made by traditional banking institutions to catch up with this new environment, by introducing mobile banking services that substitute their physical services. This thesis will also analyse some of the novel services provided by these start-ups including new ways of account management, mobile payments and wallets, cryptocurrency trading, P2P lending, AI robots, etc. Lastly, this research analyses the demographic characteristics of the customers adopting these novel services, as well as the regulations applied in the EU and UK in which financial and non-financial institutions operate in.

The research concludes that the future of banking is characterised by innovative services and products offered online which, however, would need to be supported by a regulatory framework, able to eliminate entry barriers for newcomers in the banking sector.

New Information technology has taken important place in the future development of financial services, especially banking sector transition are affected more than any other financial provider groups. Increased use of mobile services and use of internet as a new distribution channel for banking transactions and international trading requires more attention towards e-banking security against fraudulent activities. The development and the increasing progress that is being experienced in the Information and Communication Technology have brought about a lot of changes in almost all facets of life. In the Banking Industry, it has been in the form of online banking, which is now replacing the traditional banking practice. Online banking has a lot of benefits which add value to customers' satisfaction in terms of better quality of service offerings and at the same time enable the banks gain more competitive advantage over other competitors. This paper discusses some challenges in an emerging economy.

This paper will mainly focus on the electronic fund transfers which can be seen as a developing phase of the banking sector in India. Electronic fund transfers are a kind of alternative method for payment for goods and services and even allows large amount of transactions through EFTs. It can be referred to as bunch of technologies working together for making huge transactions by a safer and faster means without the necessity of having a paper tool of exchange. The basic sections that will be covered in this paper are emergence of electronic fund transfers and its historical origin, modes of electronic banking and kinds of electronic payment. The main part of the paper will be revolving around the privacy and confidentiality issues faced by users while doing electronic fund transfer. Usually transactions where currency is the means of payment, there can be a certain level of anonymity expected but certain details are still required to complete the respective transactions. As per the Electronic Funds Transfer Act of 1978 the EFT terminals and bank statements of EFT banks disclose certain information like date, time etc. In other words, the paper will concentrate on these privacy concerns and how they can be manipulated by the banking institutions while users are making transactions. The author will further advice some suggestions for improving the privacy concerns of EFT systems.

E-Banking i.e. electronic banking becomes very popular with the introduction of Information technology. The government of India has enacted the IT Act 2000 with effect from October17, 2000 which provided legal recognition to electronic transaction and other means of E-commerce the Reserve Bank of India is monitoring and reviewing the legal and other requirements of E-Banking on a continuous bases to ensure that E-banking would develop on sound lines and E-Banking related challenges would not pose a threat to financial stability. The present research is descriptive is nature and study the challenges and issues faced by the banking sector in India.

The research has been conducted with purpose to identify the satisfaction of the user of e-banking services of Nationalized banks. For the purpose of research the data has been collected from 100 customer of nationalized banks and Z test has bee applied. It can be concluded that the users of e banking services are satisfied with the services offered by the nationalized banks. "The success of the economic reforms is therefore all to see and the driving force of these reforms is the banking sector".

Online banking is the newest and least understood delivery channel for retail banking services. Yet, few, if any, studies were reported quantifying the issues relevant to this cutting-edge technology. This paper reports the results of a quantitative study of the perceptions of banks' executive and IT managers and potential customers with regard to the drivers, development challenges, and expectations of online banking. The findings will be useful for both researchers and practitioners who seek to understand the issues relevant to online banking. #

2.3. Relative posizioni dei singoli stati europei 2.4. Regolamentazione da parte delle autorità cinesi 3. Shadow banking e moneta virtuale 3.1. Bitcoin: la moneta che sfida le banche 4. Caratteristiche e modalità d'uso della cyber moneta 4.1. Meccanismo del mining 4.2. Istituti di Exchange 4.3. La questione della fiducia 4.4. Crollo del mercato Mt.Gox 4.5. Vantaggi e somiglianze con la moneta tradizionale 4.6. Possibilità di utilizzo 4.7. La critica di Paul Krugman 5. Bitcoin come investimento 5.1. Derivati sui bitcoin Documenti Sitografia

Now a day's due to the emerging world economy, e-commerce and e-business became increasingly a necessary component of business strategy and a powerful catalyst for economic growth. The integration of information and communications technology in business has revolutionized relationships within organizations and those between and among organizations and individuals. The new information technology for the financial services industry and in particular the further development of the banking industry is becoming an important factor. As well as according to health recommendations, one of the most effective ways to contain the current COVID-19 epidemic is to avoid personal contact. This means reducing the movement of people and increasing the time they spend at home as much as possible. In line with these indications, most banks in the affected countries have reduced the opening hours of their branches and they recommend their customers use online banking. At the same time, the adoption of e-banking provides a framework to assess the factors taken. With the emergence of the global economy, e-business has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a powerful catalyst for economic growth. Online-banking has become popular because of its convenience and flexibility, and also transaction related benefits like speed, efficiency, accessibility, etc. It also provides easy transfer, faster operation, lower cost and time-saving. Results from this study indicate that a number of advantages to electronic banking is a service of the Azerbaijanian banking sector, at the same time, research shows that the banking sector in Azerbaijan submitted by customers regarding electronic banking do have enough information.

The e--payment system has gradually emerged strongly and has no doubt earned competitive advantage. However, the process of establishing e-payment practices in the pursuit of a sustainable development and economic growth is yet to be firmly established. Firstly, this paper describes the significance of e-payment system by explaining the transition from the traditional payment practices to the evolving electronic payment practices which has broken many new grounds and has taken a global dimension. Secondly, it explains why the electronic payment channels such as the use of ATM, Mobile banking, internet banking, POS terminals, etc could enable business to flourish and reduce the movement of cash/cash handling which in turn helps to curb crime rates and would protect consumers from many dangers. Also, it explains why it has gained greater height of acceptability and thus explains how information communication technology (ICT) could be exploited and enhanced for this purpose. Again, it develops a strategic management framework for leveraging e-payment practices by providing considerable and practical suggestions on the use of e-payment system, its features, benefits, success factors and possible attendant risks associated with e-payment system and e-payment constraints. Finally, it outlines why we need e-payment system, and what we should do to enhance and improve the standard of living, as well as facilitating economic, social and technological changes as certain values are espoused by sustainable development which in turn, would help to foster economic growth in the Nigerian economy .

An efficient banking system is of paramount importance in the development of any economy. In India, it has evolved in an organised way over the last two centuries. The growth is more pronounced after India's independence and especially after nationalisation of some large banks. There has been a significant growth and transformation since 1990s contributed by the liberalisation and banking sector reforms. This has helped the banks in India to stand in good stead in the face of the recent crisis in the financial and banking systems around the world. The RBI needs to be given all the credit for steering the banking system with a tight grip. While risk management is occupying a centre stage, banks are also competing for growth and sustaining their business. Here is an attempt to walk through the history of Banking in India and also try and gauge the likely shape of things to come in the next few years.

As the user experience is an important prerequisite for the success of e-banking applications, the main subject of the research study reported here is the use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) in Egypt. Data was collected using an unstructured interview with a senior staff member in HSBC Egypt. Data was then analyzed using process modelling. In this paper, we will develop an initial process architecture diagram but will not go on to depict the internal structure of individual processes. Some ATM problems in Egypt were discovered, which enabled the researchers to make recommendations to ATM decision makers in Egypt on ATMs.

The beginning of the E-Business age has been shivering the business environment and breaking out innovative and unconventional ways of doing business. One of the latest outcomes of this E-Business is internet banking or E-Banking. Banking sector is now reengineering it to adopt the change and to be in the race of globalization. Thus it has become imperative for the banking industry to better gauge the E-Banking phenomenon. This study painstakingly attempts to bestow the evolution, competitive forces, strategy, present status, and prospect of E-Banking, so that the existing banks and potential e-banks could better understand this opportunity and could reap the best benefit from it.

This paper aims to interrogate existing FinTech regulations in Nigeria, extract the challenges of the budding industry and illuminate on prospects with the underlying aim of proffering sublime, practical recommendations towards the optimal harnessing of immense potentials inherent in the industry, currently left untapped as a result of sparse and disharmonized regulations.

Internet banking is a form of self service technology. The numbers of Internet users have increased dramatically, but most of them are reluctant to provide sensitive personal information to websites because they do not trust e-commerce security. This paper investigates the factors influencing of e-services on senior citizens buying behaviour and also indicates level of concern regarding security and privacy issues in Indian context. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents, above the age of 60, through a structured questionnaire. were used to know trend of internet use and factors affecting e-banking services among senior citizen customer in Bangalore, India. The finding depicts many factors like security & privacy, trust, innovativeness, familiarity, awareness level increase the acceptance of e-banking services among Indian customers. The finding shows that in spite of their security and privacy concern, senior citizen customers are willing to adopt online banking if banks provide him necessary guidance. Based on the results of current study, Bank's managers would segment the market on the basis of age group and take their opinion and will provide them necessary guidance regarding use of online banking.