Job Advertisements

Introduction. The relevance of the study of job advertisements for teachers and psychologists is associated with the
need to find tools for regulating communication within the modern educational environment with dynamic, constantly
changing working conditions. The publication of employer requirements sets the direction for changing the criteria for
the success of the specialist, which changes the entire educational environment.
The purpose of the study: to identify the categorical semantic structure of job advertisements for teachers (using the
example of the "Infrastructure of Scientific Research Data" platform).
Materials and methods. The object of the study was a corpus of teacher job vacancies from the "Infrastructure of
Scientific Research Data" platform, published in 2023 in 83 regions of Russia (5561 vacancies). The job postings included
descriptions of candidate requirements, information about the offered salary, and the region in which the vacancy
was available. As a comparison group, a corpus of psychologist job vacancies (2076 vacancies) was considered. The
following methods were used in the study: 1) Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method for identifying and analyzing the
structure of requirements presented in teacher and psychologist job vacancies; 2) Term Frequency-Inverse Document
Frequency (TF-IDF) method for categorical semantic analysis of the structure of teacher and psychologist job vacancies
and description of the semantic framework (frame) of the job description; 3) Descriptive statistical methods for analyzing
the needs of professionals in helping professions in different regions of Russia and the conditions offered to them.
The results of the study. The regions of the Russian Federation with the greatest need for teachers and psychologists
have been identified. Based on the statistical significance in the collection of text documents, the most demanded
skills of teachers by employers are identified: methodological development and design of an individual educational
route (0.167), work with children with disabilities (0.144), organization of the educational process (0.089). For vacancies
of psychologists, the most significant were: work on investigative actions (0.319), methodical work in an educational
organization (0.187), psychological and pedagogical support for successful development and training (0.129). The main
meanings governing professional pedagogical activity are more focused on meta-skills based on the values of inclusion
and continuous improvement of education, as well as on flexible skills (Soft skills) that increase competitiveness in
various fields of pedagogical activity. In the vacancies of psychologists, professional skills (Hard skills) are relevant,
applicable in specific areas, which somewhat narrows the scope of professional implementation.
Conclusion. The results of the empirical study allow for considering job vacancy advertisements as one of the
communicative tools of educational marketing. Analyzing the significant professional skills from the employer's
perspective will enable the development of recommendations for the development of professional communication for
teachers, which can be considered in the system of continuous professional education, as well as in regulating interaction
within the educational environment. Automated analysis of job vacancies can become a successful interactive diagnostic
tool for educational marketing, necessary for the development of the educational space and the improvement of the
competitiveness of educational institutions.

This study explores the dynamics of employee recruitment within the hotel industry, focusing on the utilization of internet platforms for job advertisements. Acknowledging the substantial impact of the tourism and hospitality sector on national economies, the research delves into the critical role of human resources in maintaining competitiveness and service quality within hotels. By examining the content of job advertisements posted online, the study aims to address key questions pertaining to the types of hotels represented, geographic concentration of job opportunities, departmental needs, and specific job requirements such as gender, age, experience, education, and language proficiency. Additionally, the research investigates the information included in these advertisements, ranging from job descriptions to contact details, accommodation options, wages, and career advancement prospects. Notably, this study fills a gap in the existing literature by providing insights into internet-based recruitment practices within the Kyrgyzstan hotel industry, offering valuable contributions to both academia and industry practitioners.

In the tourism sector, employees are an essential element in the continuation of their activities and in providing quality service to their customers. With the industry becoming more competitive, every business wants to have qualified employees. This desire leads to an increase in the qualifications that companies are looking for in their employees. In this context, the primary purpose of this research is to determine the qualifications sought by the employees by examining the job advertisements of enterprises in the tourism sector. The study's data were obtained on the relevant website on September 23, 2022. On this date, there are 260 advertisements published within the last 15 days. Two hundred sixty job advertisements were analyzed by content analysis. Qualifications written in job advertisements were evaluated according to Determining the Desired Traits in Employees with Job Advertisements Analysis 433 themes and codes with the Maxqda program. Five main themes were determined as employee personality traits, working conditions, management skills, program usage and other. The most desired employee qualities by businesses are the development of communication skills in employee personality traits, to be in harmony with the principle of teamwork and guest satisfaction in working conditions, having a problemsolving ability of employees in management skills, using Office programs in the theme of using the program and graduating from an institution that provides tourism education in the other theme. It is thought that the research findings will significantly benefit the employees.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has developed as the definitive technology for managing construction projects. With its rise, the corresponding role of BIM manager has emerged as a necessary adjunct role in coordinating BIM enabled projects. The ascent of the BIM manager has attracted a significant body of research investigating the various competencies and responsibilities required of the role. While BIM is here to stay, the work of Akintola et al. (2017), however, asserts that a distinct role oriented around BIM, is itself transitory. The conclusion in Akintola's work represents a significant departure from accepted assumptions on the viability of the BIM manager role. This research sets out to test the likelihood of a long-term market demand for the BIM manager, as a distinct role, based on a robust quantitative analysis of open-source data from a rich

This study scrutinizes job offers from Czech start-ups on StartUpJobs, assessing job descriptions, needed tech skills, and perks like remote work. It zeroes in on digital tech roles, comparing skill requirements to global trends, predicting shifts, and exploring the scope of digital start-ups' offerings. The findings serve as a roadmap for educational institutions to tailor courses, IT job seekers to strategize learning, and HR officers to gauge market competition.

Job advertisement analyses provide us with information about job opportunities available in a given profession at a given point in time. Furthermore, they offer a window to the requirements, preferences and expectations of employers in a given market. Such research can also produce valuable data for the planning of training programmes, allowing educators to provide students with up-to-date information about a field and to adjust to market needs where necessary. This paper presents the results of an analysis of 120 Finnish job advertisements for in-house translators. The analysis supports the industry view of translators working with Swedish being in high demand and confirms previous research on the diversity of employers still employing translators. The results indicate that Finnish employers value university education, work experience, and technological competence, and seek employees who meet the needs of the overall job culture and market: flexible, stress tolerant, independent but team-oriented; excellent communicators both orally and in writing.

The aim of this study is to compare the Information Technologies (IT) job requirements in Turkey and Estonia, which have made significant progress in the IT sector, and to determine the developmental pattern of IT labor workforce by utilizing qualitative data analysis methods. Estonia was chosen for this comparative analysis on the IT sector workforce qualifications primarily because its young population surplus is similar to Turkey’s with regard to the demographic window. As known, the educated young population has played an important role in the development of the country in terms of digital society. After declaring its independence in 2001, Estonia shaped all of its economic and social development endeavors around the IT sector. It is believed that the exhibition of results generated by the content analysis methods through the IT vacancies of companies operating in the IT sector and the results obtained by the comparative coding and analysis studies may constitute the data source...

The aim of this research is to reveal the qualifications required by hospitality enterprises who seek for mid‐level and senior manager by means of job advertisements. The research is a qualitative research based on content analysis. The data have been obtained from four online internet websites in which predominantly job advertisements are found related with tourism and hotel management sector. On the other hand, considering the season most seeked for an employer is the first months of the year; advertisements that have been published in the first quarter of the year have been examined (January, February, March). It has been determined types of the hotels that have advertised, information about the position and general qualifications for the manager candidates by evaluating the contents of the advertisements and manager selecting criteria of enterprises have been revealed according to results.

This article examines the role of internet-based labour market intermediaries in coordinating job seeker/employer interactions. A twofold analysis examines on the one hand the matchmaking tools determining applicants' access to job ads, and on the other, the content of ads posted on the Web. Observations reveal that the information available to applicants is subject to a high degree of filtering achieved through the use of pre-defined lists, keywords or more frequently, input fields. A comparative analysis of job offers posted on the internet with those posted in newspapers shows that search engine toolkits have a considerable impact on ad content which is generally more standardized and quantified in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, a comparison between French and British ads demonstrates that the institutional context influences the actions taken by job boards. In contrast to Great Britain, France more frequently uses matching markers aimed at selecting applicants t...

Although job advertisements have developed to incorporate an important array of functions, they are not well understood and there has been little documentation of evolution in the genre (Rafaeli & Oliver; 1998, 342). The purpose of this article is to address this gap by analysing changes in the genre over time, in this way revealing the background for current practice. Examples of Danish job advertisements for communication positions from 1961, 1991 and 2011 are analysed using Critical Discourse Analysis, and a rich format for job advertisements is developed on the basis of the findings of the analysis and existing theory. The results are likely to be of interest to producers of job advertisements who want a broader knowledge of how this genre with its increasingly complex functionality has evolved and for whom genre features of contemporary job advertising practice is relevant. 

Nowadays the rapid development of information technologies is causing great changes in the activities of hotel industry. It can be said that the recruitment process in hotels is deeply affected by these changes. Therefore there is a growing number of job vacancies posted on the Internet. It offers an opportunity to employers to reach the wider employee database. The internet also gives the opportunity to the job seekers in any part of the world to see and to apply the jobs they need. This way, time and space related problems have been removed in some degree for job seekers as well as for employers.
In this research, the job advertisements, posted on the internet for the hotel enterprises were examined, using the content analysis method. Hotel enterprises operating in Kyrgyzstan were taken as an example. As a result of this research, it was found out: which departments of the hotels in Kyrgyzstan always need staff; the main requirements for employees (gender, age, working experience, education, knowledge of foreign languages, etc.); and the information, given in the job advertisement (such as salary, career opportunities, social facilities, etc.).

Drawing on an employee labour survey, this article explores job-finding channels in the Spanish labour market and points out that social networks are the most important way of finding a job. It focuses on a comparison between an informal channel (relatives and close personal relationships) and a formal one (job advertisements), and demonstrates that these channels serve two specific segments in the labour market. The most important results concern workers' profiles: advertisements are highly selective because they tend to focus on tangible reference points (education level, prior work experience, age, sex), while social networks exclude people with poor connections in the labour market but might favour applicants without qualifications or experience.

This paper reviews key values and skills that CPD initiatives for LIS professionals in the sub-Saharan region should focus on to enable them effectively contribute to the transformation of the region into an information society. The article argues that LIS professionals in the sub-Saharan countries can contribute to the transformation of the region to a development-oriented information society. In so doing, they will contribute to social development and specifically the attainment of Millennium Development Goals. To be active participants in the emerging information society LIS professionals in the region must possess certain values, skills and knowledge in areas such as advocacy, management and leadership, ICT and research. They should also be conversant with contextual issues relating to the global information society such as sustainable development, information literacy, gender and development, globalisation, human rights, and, ethics. The findings in this paper lay the basis for further investigation and planning of CPD programmes in the region.

Library and Information Science (LIS) has gone through many changes over the past two decades. These changes have had an impact on the youth who want to study LIS. Lack of knowledge about LIS and its career opportunities makes it difficult for young people to consider studying towards a LIS qualification. Literature reveals that most LIS students end up in the program accidentally and without knowledge of the content. This study investigated students’ perceptions regarding LIS, the reasons for enrolling, and motivating factors that make students study LIS. The study was informed by the Circumscription and Compromise theory. To answer the research questions, a survey was conducted in three LIS schools in South Africa. A questionnaire was sent to first and final year students, and 165 responded. The findings indicate that before they enrolled, many students had a slight idea of what LIS programs were and prepared them to be. The students’ decision to study LIS was mainly influenced by...

Spermatogenesis is characterized by sequential gene-expression at precise stages in progression of differentiation of the germ cells. Any alteration in expression of the critical genes is responsible for arrest of spermatogenesis associated with infertility. Inspite of advances the differential gene expression accompanying spermatogenesis, the corresponding regulatory mechanisms and their correlation to human infertility have not been clearly established. This study aims to identify the gene expression pattern of the human testicular germ cells from the patients either with obstructive azoospermia with complete intra-testicular spermatogenesis or non-obstructive azoospermia with spermatogenesis arrested at different stages and correlate the same to infertility. The testicular transcriptomes of 3 OA and 8 NOA patients and pooled testicular RNA (commercial source) were analyzed for their differential gene expression to identify potential regulators of spermatogenesis and the results w...

ABSTRACTEstablishment of a healthy ovarian reserve is contingent upon numerous regulatory pathways during embryogenesis. Previously, mice lacking TBP-associated factor 4b (Taf4b) were shown to exhibit a diminished ovarian reserve. However, potential oocyte-intrinsic functions of TAF4b have not been examined. Here we use a combination of gene expression profiling and chromatin mapping to characterize the TAF4b gene regulatory network in mouse oocytes. We find that Taf4b-deficient oocytes display inappropriate expression of meiotic, chromatin, and X-linked genes, and unexpectedly we found a connection with Turner Syndrome pathways. Using Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN), we observed TAF4b enrichment at genes involved in meiosis and DNA repair, some of which are differentially expressed in Taf4b-deficient oocytes. Interestingly, TAF4b target genes were enriched for Sp/KLF family motifs rather than TATA-box, suggesting an alternate mode of promoter interaction...

Spermatogenesis is a complex multi-step process involving intricate interactions between different cell types in the male testis. Disruption of these interactions results in infertility. Combination of shotgun tissue proteomics with MALDI imaging mass spectrometry is markedly potent in revealing topological maps of molecular processes within tissues. Here, we use a combinatorial approach on a characterized mouse model of hormone induced male infertility to uncover misregulated pathways. Comparative testicular proteome of wildtype and mice overexpressing human P450 aromatase (AROM+) with pathologically increased estrogen levels unravels gross dysregulation of spermatogenesis and emergence of proinflammatory pathways in AROM+ testis. In situ MS allowed us to localize misregulated proteins/peptides to defined regions within the testis. Results suggest that infertility is associated with substantial loss of proteomic heterogeneity, which define distinct stages of seminiferous tubuli in ...

The aim of this study is to compare the Information Technologies (IT) job requirements in Turkey and Estonia, which have made significant progress in the IT sector, and to determine the developmental pattern of IT labor workforce by utilizing qualitative data analysis methods. Estonia was chosen for this comparative analysis on the IT sector workforce qualifications primarily because its young population surplus is similar to Turkey's with regard to the demographic window. As known, the educated young population has played an important role in the development of the country in terms of digital society. After declaring its independence in 2001, Estonia shaped all of its economic and social development endeavors around the IT sector. It is believed that the exhibition of results generated by the content analysis methods through the IT vacancies of companies operating in the IT sector and the results obtained by the comparative coding and analysis studies may constitute the data so...

The paper examined the ICT knowledge and skills required for recruitment of the librarians in academic and research libraries. Survey approach was adopted drew sample of 24 respondents from four academic and four research libraries in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The sample comprised of head of libraries, the deputy and one senior person. Data was gathered through interview. The results demonstrated that the basic ICT required for recruitment of librarian into the academic and research libraries at the digital age are the specific ICT skills useful and relevant to each unit of the library and the general skills such as word processing, spreadsheets/excel, power point presentations, knowledge of databases, files folders, email/internet, hardware/software, web design and management, mobile technology and social media skills. Similarly, it was unveiled that word process skills is the most ICT skill academic and research libraries usually target because the skill is relevant in every u...

This study is conducted to analyze the job market of library and information sciences (LIS) and make a comparison with Computer Sciences and Management Sciences subjects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2017. The study shows that a drastic change occurred in the LIS job market in the year 2018. The job opportunities in LIS have been increased very rapidly as compared to above mention disciplines. There are more chances of jobs 73.33% at public sector for the professionals of LIS as compared to Computer science 63% and Management Science 46.15%. This study shows that Management Sciences jobs are on the top at job market 53.84% at private sector following Computer Sciences 37% and LIS 26.67% respectively. Higher degrees such as M.Phil or PhD degrees are also required for many higher posts. Majority of the posts need Bachelors and Master degrees in LIS subject as compared to other subjects of this study.

Knowledge of employers ´ requirements on competencies of job applicants is highly important in the process of human capital accumulation. This paper focuses on the general competencies since they can be applied in a wide range of jobs or tasks and increase an individual’s employability. First, employers ´ requirements on general competencies are identifi ed and described on the basis of 3,822 job advertisements published online. Second, the econometric analysis is used in order to test hypothesis whether examined demand for general competencies is really general or if it differs signifi cantly with respect to required education and fi rm characteristics. The results of our probit regressions proved that the requirements on examined general skills signifi cantly differ according to the education required and some categories of NACE and ownership of the fi rms.

The paper examined the ICT knowledge and skills required for recruitment of the librarians in academic and research libraries. Survey approach was adopted drew sample of 24 respondents from four academic and four research libraries in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. The sample comprised of head of libraries, the deputy and one senior person. Data was gathered through interview. The results demonstrated that the basic ICT required for recruitment of librarian into the academic and research libraries at the digital age are the specific ICT skills useful and relevant to each unit of the library and the general skills such as word processing, spreadsheets/excel, power point presentations, knowledge of databases, files folders, email/internet, hardware/software, web design and management, mobile technology and social media skills. Similarly, it was unveiled that word process skills is the most ICT skill academic and research libraries usually target because the skill is relevant in every u...

The role of the Staff Training and Development Committee of the Durban University of Technology Library is to facilitate both general and specific on-the-job-training for all library staff. The members of this Committee have been involved in training and development of library staff; LIS students and also other library professionals for many years. This exposure has highlighted a number of challenges both within the DUT Library and the LIS sector workplace, generally.

The aim of this research is to reveal the qualifications required by hospitality enterprises who seek for mid‐level and senior manager by means of job advertisements. The research is a qualitative research based on content analysis. The data have been obtained from four online internet websites in which predominantly job advertisements are found related with tourism and hotel management sector. On the other hand, considering the season most seeked for an employer is the first months of the year; advertisements that have been published in the first quarter of the year have been examined (January, February, March). It has been determined types of the hotels that have advertised, information about the position and general qualifications for the manager candidates by evaluating the contents of the advertisements and manager selecting criteria of enterprises have been revealed according to results.

The aim of this study is to compare the Information Technologies (IT) job requirements in Turkey and Estonia, which have made significant progress in the IT sector, and to determine the developmental pattern of IT labor workforce by utilizing qualitative data analysis methods. Estonia was chosen for this comparative analysis on the IT sector workforce qualifications primarily because its young population surplus is similar to Turkey’s with regard to the demographic window. As known, the educated young population has played an important role in the development of the country in terms of digital society. After declaring its independence in 2001, Estonia shaped all of its economic and social development endeavors around the IT sector. It is believed that the exhibition of results generated by the content analysis methods through the IT vacancies of companies operating in the IT sector and the results obtained by the comparative coding and analysis studies may constitute the data source...

The aim of this study is to compare the Information Technologies (IT) job requirements in Turkey and Estonia, which have made significant progress in the IT sector, and to determine the developmental pattern of IT labor workforce by utilizing qualitative data analysis methods. Estonia was chosen for this comparative analysis on the IT sector workforce qualifications primarily because its young population surplus is similar to Turkey’s with regard to the demographic window. As known, the educated young population has played an important role in the development of the country in terms of digital society. After declaring its independence in 2001, Estonia shaped all of its economic and social development endeavors around the IT sector. It is believed that the exhibition of results generated by the content analysis methods through the IT vacancies of companies operating in the IT sector and the results obtained by the comparative coding and analysis studies may constitute the data source...

The aim of this study is to compare the Information Technologies (IT) job requirements in Turkey and Estonia, which have made significant progress in the IT sector, and to determine the developmental pattern of IT labor workforce by utilizing qualitative data analysis methods. Estonia was chosen for this comparative analysis on the IT sector workforce qualifications primarily because its young population surplus is similar to Turkey’s with regard to the demographic window. As known, the educated young population has played an important role in the development of the country in terms of digital society. After declaring its independence in 2001, Estonia shaped all of its economic and social development endeavors around the IT sector. It is believed that the exhibition of results generated by the content analysis methods through the IT vacancies of companies operating in the IT sector and the results obtained by the comparative coding and analysis studies may constitute the data source...

The Web contains new potential sources of quantitative data that could be used to explore different aspects of library and information science profession. In this article the extent to which online syllabi and job announcements could be valuable sources to determine how the contents of LIS academic courses match with the existing job requirements in the libraries is assessed. A content analysis was conducted for both online course syllabi presented by 30 LIS schools in 12 countries and the sample of 200 current LIS job advertisements. These online syllabi and job positions were analysed for the number of occurrences of subjects and were classified in to the 32 pre-defined categories. The results indicated that about 70% of subjects extracted from the course contents matched with the requirements and skills mentioned in the LIS occupations. However, there were remarkable gaps for about 30% of subject areas such as "management of libraries", "interpersonal communication...

Studying the molecular basis of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA), a case of failed spermatogenesis at various stages, can also help in exploring molecular basis of human spermatogenesis and possibly pave way to identify new targets for male contraceptive development. Hence, we initiated a functional genomics study by applying RNA-seq. Testicular biopsies collected from donors with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA), Obstructive Azoospermia (OA), Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens (CBAVD), and Varicocele (VA) conditions. Strong association of 100+ genes with human spermatogenesis and NOA has been detected via NGS-based transcriptomic analysis. In addition, 20 RNA molecules have been short-listed for potential diagnostic applications (non-obstructive azoospermia vs. obstructive azoospermia, varicocele or normal). A hierarchical list of several genes and alternatively spliced mRNAs, transcribed differentially in NOA, is reported - based on a 'strength of association&#...

This article examines the role of Internet based labour market intermediaries in coordinating job seeker/employee interactions. A twofold analysis examines on the one hand the matchmaking tools determining applicants" access to job ads, and on the other, the content of ads posted on the web. Observations reveal that the information available to applicants is subject to a high degree of filtering achieved through the use of pre-defined lists, keywords or more frequently, input fields. A comparative analysis of job offers posted on the Internet with those posted in newspapers shows that search engine toolkits have a considerable impact on ad content which is generally more standardized and quantified in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, a comparison between French and British ads demonstrates that the institutional context influences the actions taken by job boards. In contrast to Great Britain, France more frequently uses matching markers aimed at selecting applicants than those providing detailed information on the job offer. Today, French job boards thus contribute in weakening applicants" position on labour markets.

This paper looks at how job advertisements for recruiting English teachers in the Saudi Preparatory Year Programs (PYPs) promote bias and inequity. Based on the analysis of twenty-five job advertisements targeting overseas applicants, the paper reports three kinds of selection criteria: professional, demographical and those relating to personal qualities. Although these criteria include a wide range of requirements, "speakerhood status" is identified as the primary "qualification" in most of the advertisements. Therefore, this study argues that discrimination based on speakerhood status and country of origin is practised in the recruitment of EFL teachers, and the TESOL community needs to problematize the discourses of "native speakerism" that create an unequal status among English language teachers. This paper concludes by presenting a number of recommendations to avoid professional inequity and to enhance advocacy and empowerment in TESOL.

The aim of this research is to reveal the qualifications required by hospitality enterprises who seek for mid‐level and senior manager by means of job advertisements. The research is a qualitative research based on content analysis. The data have been obtained
from four online internet websites in which predominantly job advertisements are found related with tourism and hotel management sector. On the other hand, considering the season most seeked for an employer is the first months of the year; advertisements that have been published in the first quarter of the year have been examined (January, February, March). It has been determined types of the hotels that have advertised, information about the position and general qualifications for the manager candidates by evaluating the contents of the advertisements and manager selecting criteria of enterprises have been revealed according to results.

This article examines the role of Internet based labour market intermediaries in coordinating job seeker/employer interactions. A twofold analysis examines on the one hand the matchmaking tools determining applicants' access to job ads, and on the other, the content of ads posted on the web. Observations reveal that the information available to applicants is subject to a high degree of filtering achieved through the use of pre-defined lists, keywords or more frequently, input fields. A comparative analysis of job offers posted on the Internet with those posted in newspapers shows that search engine toolkits have a considerable impact on ad content which is generally more standardized and quantified in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, a comparison between French and British ads demonstrates that the institutional context influences the actions taken by job boards. In contrast to Great Britain, France more frequently uses matching markers aimed at selecting applicants than those providing detailed information on the job offer. Today, French job boards thus contribute in weakening applicants' position on labour markets.

The nature and extent of the demand for research capable workers, is a topic of intense concern locally and internationally. With around 60% of graduates in Australia finding employment outside of academia on graduation, PhD programs are under increasing pressure to be relevant to the contemporary workplace beyond the walls of the academy. However, as yet there is very little research on exactly what industry needs are as often the discussion with industry results in recommendations based on anecdote rather than data. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing a large data set of job ads to see what employers outside academia really want from graduates.

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study of position vacant announcements appropriate for library and information studies (LIS) graduates appearing in the Sydney Morning Herald over a four week period in each of the following years : 2004, 1994, 1984 and 1974. The period studied witnessed changedemanding developments in information technologies as well as changes in workplace conditions and client expectations. The study collected data on the demands of employers as expressed through job advertisements that included data on work status (full-time, part-time, contract, casual), qualifications and the experience required of the information professional during the periods selected. To investigate similarities and differences between periods a content analysis and co-word analysis of the job advertisements was undertaken. The advertisements indicated a movement from simple advertisements in 1974 inviting applications for reference or technical services librarians, to complex and specialised positions being advertised in 2004 where the most called for attributes were interpersonal skills and behavioural characteristics.

This paper describes the results of a survey of graduates of the Postgraduate Diploma/MSc in Information Analysis at the School of Information and Media, the Robert Gordon University. The survey was carried out by means of a postal questionnaire to all prior students and generated a 45% response rate. The results show that graduates of the course are finding posts in what has been described as the emerging market for information professionals. The primary sectors of activity identified are posts in IT, in research, in information service provision and in financial and policy analysis. Respondents found that the skills gained from the course were relevant to their employment situation and criticisms of course content tended to focus upon IT provision. The paper concludes that further research into the nature of duties carried out by those employed in this sector would have value, as would investigation of the avenues which graduates follow in successfully finding first and subsequent...

Science librarianship is a relatively new specialty in the library profession in Africa as the bulk of the early librarians had a background in the Arts and Humanities. Unfortunately there is a dearth of science librarians on the continent and the need for science librarians is more crucial to help support meaningful scientific research and development on the continent. Why does the gap exist? What are Library and Information Science (LIS) schools doing to entice, attract, enroll, motivate, and train science librarians? What are the professional associations doing to promote the cause of science librarianship? What are academic and research libraries doing to retain and stop science librarians from invading or migrating to other niches. This paper attempts to provide answers to the above questions with input and insight from across the continent.

Science librarianship is a relatively new specialty in the library profession in Africa as the bulk of the early librarians had a background in the Arts and Humanities. Unfortunately there is a dearth of science librarians on the continent and the need for science librarians is more crucial to help support meaningful scientific research and development on the continent. Why does the gap exist? What are Library and Information Science (LIS) schools doing to entice, attract, enroll, motivate, and train science librarians? What are the professional associations doing to promote the cause of science librarianship? What are academic and research libraries doing to retain and stop science librarians from invading or migrating to other niches. This paper attempts to provide answers to the above questions with input and insight from across the continent.

This paper represents the results of the analysis of selected job advertisements for LIS professionals appearing in online sites and web resources during the last five years i.e. from 2005 till August 2010. The analysis reflects the present scenario of skills requirement and qualifications for the emerging employment opportunities and work expected out of the LIS professionals. It also reveals the deviation of requirements of LIS skills between academic and corporate sector.

IT (information technology) and its association with communication technology (information and communication technologies (ICTs)) have changed the way libraries operate. Today, ICTs play a very important role in the library environment. Traditional library tasks such as cataloguing, circulation, and collection development, which were performed manually a few decades ago, have now been automated to a lesser or greater extent. This has led to changes in some library and information science (LIS) job titles and job descriptions over the years. As a result, LIS professionals have been compelled to acquire IT skills. This study was conducted to investigate whether IT has an influence on LIS job titles and requirements in the South African LIS job market. It sought to answer these questions: (1) Has IT influenced job titles in the LIS job market in South Africa? (2) What IT knowledge and skills are required in the LIS job market in South Africa? A newspaper scan for LISrelated job advertisements over a period of four years, 2009-2012, was conducted on a weekly newspaper, The Sunday Times which has an extensive section of careers/job advertisements. Five hundred and eighty one LIS job advertisements were analyzed, and of these 75 had IT titles and/or requirements. The results revealed that IT has a significant influence on the LIS job market in South Africa. This has led to LIS jobs requiring basic computer literacy, and advanced IT knowledge and skills (e.g. computer networking, database administration, web development, etc.). An emergence of new LIS job titles is also observed. The study recommends that South African LIS schools and the work sector should intensify formal and informal (e.g. continuous education) IT education and training in order to meet the demands of the current job market.

At present, seven qualification programmes are on offer with new programmes on the way. Postgraduate student enrolment figures are impressive; the department takes pride in producing students of a high calibre, as indicated by the quality of the alumni present. Some of the students produced by the department have gone on to make waves in the public and private sector, including the current

The study traced Library and Information Science (LIS) graduates who graduated from the Department of Library and Information Science (now Information Studies) at the University of Zululand between 2000 and 2009. A survey method was used to access the large and scattered LIS graduate population. A questionnaire consisting of both structured and unstructured questions was used as the main research instrument. A total of 50 graduates participated in the study. The results indicate that most LIS graduates are employed in the public sector, mainly in national, provincial and municipal libraries. Graduates were happy with the skills and knowledge they obtained from the LIS curriculum, but unhappy with the curriculum itself, often for contradictory reasons. The results also revealed that cataloguing and classification and experiential learning remain critical or very important in LIS-related jobs.

Abstract: Web 2.0 services have experienced a very strong growth in the last 4 years, and now account for a large part of the global internet audience. The development of these services comes with a deep transformation in Web uses which may prefigure the future of media in an ultrabroadband world. The perennial nature of Web 2.0 services crucially relies on their capability to build profitable business models. Today, advertising is the main source of revenue for Web 2.0 sites; however advertising revenues are weak and disappointing, especially related to their audience. The aim of this paper is to provide an economic understanding of the situation and to investigate the strategies of economic players (site managers, ad networks and ad servers) in order to improve advertising
revenues on Web 2.0 sites. We present two different stories about the effect of internet on advertising, specific problems encountered on Web 2.0 sites and effective ways to monetize Web 2.0 audiences. Each story builds upon a different theoretical framework: the economic analysis of advertising and the socio-economic approach to worlds of production.
Key words: advertising, online advertising, Web 2.0, internet, conventions.