Job Market

The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur Ward Many of us can relate to the story that Jon Carroll, 1 a columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle, tells about his first public singing recital. He had taken a series of singing lessons and then found himself standing on a stage about to sing his first solo in front of a large audience. It took him 4 attempts to find the opening note while he also battled an uncontrollable head bob. Scanning the audience's faces while he was singing, Carroll said he had the "unshakable perception that cyanide gas had been released in the room and that the face of every person. .. was set in the final rictus of death." The conclusion of the song was followed by polite applause (the same sort of applause, he wrote, that might occur at the end of a particularly painful 2-hour kettledrum solo). But, to his surprise, his singing teacher walked over to him with tears running down her face and put her arm around him, saying proudly to the audience, "I just want to say that when this man came to me.. .he couldn't even sing 'Happy Birthday.'" The audience applauded wildly. Carroll was stunned at the teacher's remarks and the audience's reaction. Clearly, this was more than a teacher. She was a mentor. She inspired.

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou a técnica dos grupos focais com o objetivo de investigar as expectativas de inserção futura no mercado de trabalho de estudantes universitários em fase de conclusão de curso. Foram compostos 13 grupos heterogêneos, de 2 a 6 participantes cada um, provenientes de 26 cursos. As sessões variaram de 40 minutos a duas horas, foram gravadas em vídeo cassete e transcritas para posterior análise. Os resultados foram submetidos às técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Destacam-se duas conclusões: i) não há clara definição do perfil profissional exigido no mercado de trabalho, o que prejudica a elaboração de planos futuros mais definidos e ii) o despreparo profissional está relacionado à qualidade dos estágios curriculares, avaliados como insuficientes e inadequados, o que compromete tanto o perfil profissional, quanto à inserção num mercado que coloca em xeque os limites rígidos entre alguns campos de atuação prática.

People with disabilities face the greatest challenge of getting a job. This is because of thelow marketability skills of this group. Career transition programme (CTP) has been introduced to students with disabilities (SWDs) to prepare and train them for job market.Skills training in the field of employment is provided to SWDs in the implementation of CTP. However, it is still difficult for this group to get a job despite having good skills.A survey study was conducted to identify the marketability skills required in planning and implementing CTP in schools. Four teachers in a secondary school in Selangor who have implemented CTP were selected as study participants. The data from interview were recorded and analysed thematically. Through the findings of this study, itshows the four main marketability skills required by SWDs namelybasic academic skills, emotional management skills, communication skills and self-management skills in ensuring a successful CTP. The findings also demonstrate that it is important to ensure that SWDs are ready to enter the job market. It is also valuable to reflect the good results from CTP.

Agricultural education in Egypt, both in secondary and higher education levels, is facing major challenges that were caused by some serious structural imbalances and incongruities such as a declining student enrollment, low quality students and gender imbalance, skewed ratio of students to professors, curricula not relevant to job market, stagnation of college's mission and objectives, programs and curricula not in

The years 2001, 2002, and 2003 experienced significant downsizing of the Information Technology (IT) industry. In 2004, outsourcing or off-shoring gave another blow to the IT job market. The future enrollment of computer science, computer information system, management information system majors might decrease. Most of us, the faculty who presented papers at the ISECON conferences, will have fewer students to

O grande número de cirurgiões-dentistas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro tem elevado a competitividade no âmbito odontológico, levando o profissional a recorrer a diferentes estratégias na tentativa de atrair pacientes. Este trabalho visou relatar diferentes formas de marketing odontológico, mostrando como estas podem fortalecer o vínculo entre profissional e paciente e tornar-se uma alternativa para enfrentar a concorrência do mercado. Concluiu-se que os recursos de marketing em Odontologia são inúmeros e podem ser aplicados de maneira eficaz e simples, desde que amparados nos fundamentos da ética, podem fazer com que o cirurgião-dentista se destaque, atraia e fidelize pacientes, garantindo seu sucesso profissional.

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) is one of the public higher learning institutions in Malaysia to offer Biomedical Engineering at the undergraduate level. Biomedical engineering is a new branch of engineering which apply the engineering principle and techniques to the health sector. The needs for such specialization are due to the advancement of medical technology, risk of shoddy medical products which flooded the country's market and also current public awareness on health issues. Thus, Universiti Malaysia Perlis has taken the challenge to develop her own course of Biomedical Engineering to cater the needs of producing capable biomedical engineer in this field to serve the job market locally and abroad. This article will give an update to the recent development of the curricular structure and physical facilities through out these sessions of running the program.

Dalam menetapkan profil lulusan, universitas atau perguruan tinggi perlu menganalisis kebutuhan dari pasar kerja atau pemangku kepentingan. Profil lulusan yang ditentukan harus mencerminkan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh pasar. Dalam hal ini pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menentukan profil lulusan arsitektur dilakukan dengan analisis kebutuhan pasar kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil/posisi yang dibutuhkan oleh pasar kerja. Sedangkan manfaatnya sebagai informasi dan bahan evaluasi bagi dunia kerja dan sistem
pembelajaran. Profil atau posisi pekerjaan yang dibutuhkan untuk program studi Arsitektur antara lain engineer, visualizer, arsitek, telemarketing, dan designer. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan konstribusi bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi terutama untuk meningkatkan kualitas lulusan arsitektur.

Kata Kunci: profil lulusan, pasar kerja, arsitektur

Technological advancement plays a critical role in the development of industries and economies. It also has a direct impact on the operations and performance of workers. Technological modernization not only eliminates some jobs but also leads to the creation of new opportunities and labor markets. The present study aims to examine the impact of the fourth industrial revolution, namely, Industry 4.0, on the performance and survival of workers in developing regions, specifically Pakistan. The literature and studies indicated that technological advancement in the industry substitutes a large number of occupations with routine tasks, both in cognitive and manual formats, while for some jobs it has a positive impact. It is also found that developing soft skills and training of workers plays an essential role in the survival and success of workers in Industry 4.0. It is suggested that developing countries, such as Pakistan, can address the impacts of Industry 4.0 by analyzing future trends and by formulating policies to

This paper discusses the development of public relations in a fast growing emerging country, United Arab Emirates. The making of the public relations profession in UAE has been affected tremendously by the socio-economic, educational and cultural development of the country. Ministries and government administrations established their in-house public relations departments and sections to respond to the growing demands of their various publics. Journalism and Mass Communication departments launched PR programs to meet the growing needs of the job market with qualified practitioners. International public relations agencies chose Dubai as a base for their activities in the UAE and the region. The future of public relations in the UAE is very promising. Although it is facing some problems, public relations is the job of the future.

Researchers conducted focus group interviews with 54 undergraduate university students majoring in computer science (CS), computer engineering (CE), and information technology and informatics (ITI) to determine why students choose a particular information technology (IT) related major and an IT career. Results suggest that students in the study who chose IT majors and careers were influenced by positive experiences in high school, interest in computing, an aptitude for math and physics, perceived job prestige, the expectation of a good salary, the encouragement of family members, and the influence of a key individual such as a teacher or work supervisor. In the interviews, students also expressed opinions related to the job market, prospective salaries, career obstacles and rewards. This research is significant because results can possibly influence the recruitment, retention, and career preparation of potential IT workers, an employment sector that has a shortage of qualified, well-educated employees.

The major purpose of this study was to determine the extent of effectiveness of learning employability skills at university level. This research intends to study the impact of the syllabus in developing fresh graduates' knowledge and skills required for self-marketing as well as to determine their level of career readiness. It also aims to evaluate the degree of usefulness of the Employability Skills Development module among fresh graduates of the National University of Science and Technology, College of Engineering in the Sultanate of Oman. The research design used in this study is descriptive as the results obtained are presented as inferred from the analysis. The study was conducted in NUST College of Engineering. Data collection for this study was done by administering a questionnaire to fresh graduates. Simple random sampling method was used. The raw data was tabulated and the percentages were calculated for each questionnaire item along the five response options besides the overall percentages were also computed for each dimension. The sample size was 134 fresh graduates, covering both male and female fresh graduates from different engineering specialisations. The data was collected using simple random sampling method. A questionnaire consisting of 20 items was developed by the researchers to collect data. The questionnaire had three dimensions; namely self-assessment, job search techniques and self-marketing tools. The results strongly confirm the effectiveness of the ESD module with an overall 89.55% of students expressing their confidence in facing career challenges. The results show a clear indication of career readiness through the three dimensions namely self-assessment, job search techniques, and self-marketing tools. Eighty-one percent of the students were equipped with skills to make winning moves in the modern day competitive job market. Students found the ESD module useful in increasing their career readiness. It confirms the usefulness of having such kind of training at university level and likewise applauds the effectiveness of the module.

The main aim of this study was to identify the perception of employers concerning the employability skills needed in the job market and graduates' perception of the employability skills that they currently possessed. Eleven variables that make up employability skills based on past research were examined in this study. However, only seven factors, which were the result of factor analysis, were considered. Data were collected through two different sets of questionnaires intended to gauge employers' and graduates' perceptions, respectively. The results of this study revealed that employers preferred to hire graduates from public universities. Moreover, graduates and employers placed similar importance in terms of the ranking of employability skills, where both employers and graduates perceived the order of importance of employability skills to be the same. However, there was a difference between employers' and graduates' perceptions for all seven employability factors, where employers rated graduates much lower in terms of mean rank. The results of this study also suggest that younger employers tend to be more favourable to graduates' employability skills. The higher the job position of the employer within the organization, the higher are the expectations of graduates. Finally, recommendations were also included in this study.

Over the past few decades, Bhutan has made remarkable progress in socio-economic development, and the kingdom has been identified by the UN as one of the early achievers of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2018. Yet, Bhutan continues to confront a raft of development challenges. One of the most pressing challenges is in the area of youth unemployment, particularly among school and university leavers. Just as school participation has increased in recent years within the kingdom, so too has the number of unemployed graduates. Remarkably, the high levels of unemployed graduates exist alongside a large number of job openings, mostly in the fields of science and engineering, teaching, business administration and commercial management. These positions are usually filled instead by foreign, tertiary-educated workers. Thus, this research thesis intends to study this labour market paradox of graduate unemployment by mapping the lived experiences of unemployed graduates in Bhutan. It relies on primary data collected through a combination of unstructured face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with three unemployed graduates aged between 19-25 years old. The thesis poses two core research questions: firstly, to what degree is there a systemic skill mismatch and jobs, from the perspective of unemployed graduates, and secondly, what is the role of Bhutan Civil Service Examination (BCSE) in the job search strategy and labour market readiness of graduates. The results of the analysis are presented in a narrative form. The findings of this research study reveal that graduate unemployment issues in Bhutan are shaped by a range of issues including the role of the BCSE, a mismatch in wage expectations, the lack of entrenched labour market institutions, and the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of graduates.

Key Word: Graduate Unemployment, Bhutan, Labour Market Paradox, Qualitative Analysis

Job postings are increasingly asking for a Research Statement. Some guides suggest that this is a relatively recent phenomena and that, as such, the generic conventions for this document are a little less clear-cut or set-in-stone. One somewhat agreed upon convention is that the general research statement should be no more than two single-spaced pages, unless noted otherwise! Longer statements will be discussed below. In general, more so than the job cover letter and writing sample can allow, this document provides you the opportunity to thoroughly convey who you are as a thinker and scholar to the search committee. That is, similar to the ways in which the teaching statement allows you to narrativize both your pedagogical philosophy and practices, this statement offers you the means of narrating your intellectual trajectory as a researcher. The statement should ideally convey this trajectory in a way that links together the past, present, and imagined future to convincingly demonstrate the promising nature of your thinking and capacity as a scholar. As such, it is aspirational insofar as you are asked to envision your imagined future self while simultaneously offering proof based on past and present evidence about the worthiness of investing in you as a scholar (with all the intended economic meanings!). With that said, I want to emphasize that the following advice I offer is gathered from looking at different sources. As with all these types of sources, think of these guidelines as templates: take and make use of what you think works best for you and then adapt other parts as you see fit.

Researchers conducted focus group interviews with 54 undergraduate university students majoring in computer science (CS), computer engineering (CE), and information technology and informatics (ITI) to determine why students choose a particular information technology (IT) related major and an IT career. Results suggest that students in the study who chose IT majors and careers were influenced by positive experiences in high school, interest in computing, an aptitude for math and physics, perceived job prestige, the expectation of a good salary, the encouragement of family members, and the influence of a key individual such as a teacher or work supervisor. In the interviews, students also expressed opinions related to the job market, prospective salaries, career obstacles and rewards. This research is significant because results can possibly influence the recruitment, retention, and career preparation of potential IT workers, an employment sector that has a shortage of qualified, well-educated employees.

Discours et représentations sur l'employabilité des diplômés et la valeur respective des diplômes sur le marché de l'emploi de Marrakech :
- Mobilité étudiante internationale & reconnaissance des diplômes
- Politiques publiques marocaines
- Enquête auprès d'employeurs, de diplômés & d'acteurs institutionnels marocains

Her research focuses on political-economic issues of public college finance equity, efficiency, and accountability and the factors affecting student attainment in higher education. She was the principal investigator of two national research and service projects evaluating institutional assessment, effectiveness, and student success at community colleges in the United States. She received the A.B. with distinction in English literature, and the M.S. and Ph.D. in education, all from Cornell University.

Se examina la situación ocupacional mexicana 1985-2000,  de los ingenieros mecánicos.  Es un análisis descriptivo y prospectivo que fundamenta el diseño de un método para estudiar las características ocupacionales de distintas profesiones.  Incluye variables de población, economía y educación;  se cruzan, para proporcionar un panorama general, sin entrar en detalles demográficos, econométricos ni pedagógicos.  Se encontró que los ingenieros mecánicos mexicanos que tienen los mejores salarios comparativos, mayoritariamente se desempeñan como funcionarios o directivos.  Una minoría hace ejercicio libre de su profesión.  Prácticamente, estos ingenieros no tienen presencia en el sector primaria de la economía, particularmente en los subsectores agropecuario, forestal, minero y pesquero.  Un número mínimo se dedica a la docencia.  Se incluyen planteamientos acerca de las necesidades futuras que en los ámbitos de la educación y ocupación se deben atender, a fin de lograr mayor desarrollo de estos profesionales y el consecuente beneficio para México.

This study aims to create a corpus of General English (GE) reading textbooks used in universities in Taiwan to form the basis of an analysis. The operational measures for comparison involved vocabulary size, vocabu- lary levels (distribution among the British National Corpus 1st–14th 1,000 high-frequency word families) and text coverage. Coxhead’s (2000) Academic,Word List (AWL) containing 570 word families

Next Generation Enterprises (NGEs) rely on automation, mobility, real-time business activity monitoring, agility, and self-service over widely distributed operations to conduct business. It is important to study and analyze such enterprises because they will drive the future industry and job markets. This paper gives a quick overview of NGEs and proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing the IT infrastructure needed to support the NGEs. A systematic discussion and analysis of key building blocks, their interrelationships, and main trends is presented with an emphasis on monitoring and split-second reaction times needed across widely distributed business units of such enterprises.

India is the second biggest crowded nation on the planet with 1.2 billion populaces. To conceal this huge populace there exist enormous potentiality of job market India. In any case, according to the most recent Asia Pacific Human Development Report, India is confronting serious scarcity of job among young graduates. To tackle this, Government of India in 2016 came up with a new action plan called start-up India. The objective is to encourage the young population of India to take up entrepreneurial role and be job creator rather job seekers. It also hopes to accelerate of the start-ups movement from IT sector to a wide range of sectors including agriculture, manufacturing, etc. By providing various Financial assistance and Incentives, Industry-Academic collaboration.

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is an important and growing subject area in Electrical/Computer Engineering (ECE), Computer Science and other Engineering/Science disciplines. It has applications in areas such as: Telecommunications, Consumer Electronics, Robotics, Instrumentation, Military, and Automotive. At Western Michigan University (WMU), the authors have taught an undergraduate DSP course since 1980s and started graduate course offering in 1990s. While the subject of DSP has become very popular with ECE students and with the growing DSP job market, the subject matter is still considered to be a difficult and complex one for students. The authors at WMU had enhanced the learning experience for their students by adding the hands-on experience to their class offering in an effort to reduce the difficulty of understanding the theoretical DSP.

The basic objective of higher education throughout the civilization was to be employable. Graduates are in competition to perform a good figure in the job market while they are there. Higher education and employment is intertwined though for few, it may be different. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are also busy to develop ways to make their graduates employable. The performance

Graphology is allegedly widely used in personnel selection in Europe. This is a myth: a widespread but false belief. We explored this myth in five studies. Study 1 established that job ads rarely require handwritten letters. Study 2 showed that handwritten letters serve multiple purposes but are seldom used for handwriting analysis. In Study 3, job market actors overestimated the frequency with which handwritten letters are subjected to graphological analysis. In Study 4, we showed experimentally that people expect graphology to be used when job ads require submission of a handwritten letter. Study 5 showed that advice books may transmit the myth. The myth may foster tolerant attitudes toward graphology, thereby facilitating its persistence in selection practice.

The ability to obtain and maintain employment is one of society's most valued life participation events and is often considered in measurements of quality of life (QOL). Many workplaces now require good communication skills and this may jeopardize the opportunity for persons with communication disorders (CD) to access interesting jobs. have long emphasized that functioning is a result of the interaction of psychosocial factors as well as communication disorder characteristics. The current study gathered perceptions from different groups of persons with CD, from service providers and employers on the barriers to work integration. The results show that many barriers are common across types of CD. Such examples are noise, tasks requiring speed, having to speak to groups of persons and the attitudes of others. Although some common barriers were identi®ed between the service providers and the persons with CD, service providers placed more emphasis on psychological adaptation aspects than did persons with CD. Employers generated an equivalently long list of barriers but were also very concerned about job market issues. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the following learning outcomes will be realized: participants will be able to (1) identify barriers that service providers and persons with CD each perceive; (2) identify differences in the perceptions of each group concerning barriers; (3) learn ways to modify or eliminate barriers that interfere with successful employment among individuals with CD. #

This study reveals the job orientation of the MA in ELT program of the Institute of Modern Languages using a mixed-method process. The study finds out that the program aims to produce quality English language teachers, educators, curriculum developers, and editors. The program has been largely successful to produce its targeted professionals. The performance of the graduates in the workplace is also satisfactory. The program has some challenges like its branding and competition with the field of English literature in the job market. Finally, the study concludes that the MA in ELT program is highly job-oriented in the Bangladeshi context.

This study explores the challenge of capturing talent from both the political and the management level in Western Europe. It begins by identifying the special characteristics of Generation Y: those born since 1980 and recently joining national labor forces. It then evaluates the rigidity of labor markets in the European countries, dividing them into mo st and least regulated and exploring some of t he labor-market characteristics that accompany those extremes. Finally, it identifies the employment aspirations of Generation Y, and contrasts them with the realities of young workers on national job markets. It closes by offering suggestions for both managers an d policymakers that could bring those aspirations closer to realit y, and h elp firms and countries to capture the talent of the youngest workers.

Virtual laboratories can become important components of the teaching process, because using them several experiment-oriented problems can be solved easily and also from the distance. Graduates using virtual laboratories will be better trained when they enter the job market. In the paper a laboratory work will be presented having two components: a simulation and an experimental module. Both can be used for the preparation of a real lab and for accessing the real-world experiments. The virtual lab modules can also allow multiple students to remote access the experiments, the multicast data transfer mechanisms and arbitration mechanisms.

This paper studies a decentralised job market model where firms (academic departments) propose sequentially a (unique) position to some workers (Ph.D. candidates). Successful candidates then decide whether to accept the offers, and departments whose positions remain unfilled propose to other candidates. We distinguish between several cases, depending on whether agents’ actions are simultaneous and/or irreversible (if a worker accepts an

Today, young adults are expected to decide between educational, vocational, and job options and to make the best choice possible. Career literatures emphasize the importance of young adults' career decision making but also acknowledge the problems related to making these decisions. The authors argue that career counselors could support clients' intuitive processing of career information and help their clients to develop a positive and flexible view of the self and the environment while diminishing concerns about accountability for and irreversibility of career decisions. The authors argue that career adaptability rather than decision making should become the focal concept of career theory and practice.

Tendo em vista o destaque mundial da Língua Inglesa, e a exigência de seu conhecimento como fator de empregabilidade em todos os setores econômicos, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo a investigação da prática do Inglês Instrumental nas escolas de Ensino Médio, e da sua aplicabilidade no mercado de trabalho. Para isso, o presente trabalho utilizou-se da pesquisa bibliográfica com os estudos de David Crystal (2003) e Hutchinson & Waters (1987), abordando a importância desta língua na sociedade atual como língua global e o ensino de Inglês Instrumental, e de documentos oficiais como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 2000), entre outros. A pesquisa de campo foi dividida em dois momentos e teve como propósito a coleta de dados para a identificação da realidade desta prática nas escolas públicas e particulares, bem como a descrição dos usos da língua em ambiente de trabalho. A pesquisa se caracterizou como exploratória e descritiva, mas também como um estudo de caso, e se utilizou de instrumentos de coleta de dados, como entrevistas, questionários, relatórios de observação das práticas, bem como a análise do material escolar e a matriz curricular da disciplina. Considerando que a prática desta língua tem sido direcionada apenas para um bom desempenho em exames vestibulares e que pouco tem sido útil em outros ramos da sociedade, a análise deste problema contribuirá para mais estudos na área em busca de melhorias no ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa no Ensino Médio, voltadas para uma educação de melhor qualidade.

Abstract: Economics is one of the most prestigious departments of the 154
years old, University of Calcutta. Not only had the post-graduate department of
the university but a number of its affiliated colleges boasted of legendary
teachers and equally famous students over the years. However, for the last ten
years or so, there is a decline in the number of students taking admission to the
undergraduate honours course. In the era of globalisation and free-market
economy, where the knowledge of economics is becoming more and more
necessary, what can be the reason for such a decline? Searching for the answer
was not very easy. A number of reasons were forwarded from different quarters
and one of them was the syllabi, overloaded with mathematics. This paper takes
a critical look into the reasons for the apathy of students to study the subject
and the vision behind the complete makeover of the syllabi.
Keywords: University of Calcutta; political economy; career choices; tools and
techniques; application-orientation; project preparation; economics.

The year 2004, 2005, and 2006 experienced significant downsizing of the Information Technology (IT) industry. In 2006, outsourcing or off-shoring gave another blow to the IT job market. The enrollment of computer science, computer information system, management information system majors were down. Many of us, the professors who presented papers at the ISECON conferences, would have fewer students to teach.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to research the extent to which different types of values influence a woman's decision to become an entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach -The paper constructs a two-stage model to capture the entrepreneurial decision. In the first stage, life values affect the decision to enter the workforce. In the second stage, work values impact the type of employment sought: entrepreneur vs employee. Findings -It is found that women whose life value is that "men should have scarce jobs before women" are less likely to participate in the labor force and hence less likely to become an entrepreneur; work values of initiative, achievement, and respect are positively correlated with entrepreneurship.

Researchers conducted focus group interviews with 54 undergraduate university students majoring in computer science (CS), computer engineering (CE), and information technology and informatics (ITI) to determine why students choose a particular information technology (IT) related major and an IT career. Results suggest that students in the study who chose IT majors and careers were influenced by positive experiences in high school, interest in computing, an aptitude for math and physics, perceived job prestige, the expectation of a good salary, the encouragement of family members, and the influence of a key individual such as a teacher or work supervisor. In the interviews, students also expressed opinions related to the job market, prospective salaries, career obstacles and rewards. This research is significant because results can possibly influence the recruitment, retention, and career preparation of potential IT workers, an employment sector that has a shortage of qualified, well-educated employees.

The training of PhD students is currently very dynamic and varies widely from place to place. We present some examples of this variation and comment on how it may affect the way PhD students cope with integrative studies. Our focus is on the training needs of PhD students studying integrative research questions and their need for support from both supervisors and the wider institutional infrastructure. The role of supervisors seems key to the success or failure of integrative PhD projects. We find evidence that the disciplinary background, interest and motivation of the supervisor have much influence on research outcomes, in terms of the quality and whether PhD studies are completed on time (or at all). One clearly growing trend in PhD training is

Based on the data from survey responses and publications of 1583 academic scientists in Spain, this paper examines the relationship between scientific performance and reward, considering tenure and permanent positions as key academic rewards in early phases of academic career and focusing especially on the mediating effect of mobile versus stable career paths. Although widely practiced, inbreeding has often been considered to be at odds with universalism and merit in science. Our findings indicate that inbred faculty does not get tenure with less scientific merits than PhDs from other institutions; we also find that non mobile careers are a strong predictor of the timing of rewards in the form of early permanent positions. Our results question the assumption mainly based on US evidence that mobility enhances career. These findings must be interpreted in the context of organizational and institutional features of the Spanish academic system that promote the development of internal academic research job markets.

The present study examines the role of trait affect in job search. One hundred and twenty-three university students completed measures of positive and negative affectivity, conscientiousness, job search self-efficacy, job search clarity, and job search intensity during their last year of school while on the job market. At the end of the school year, participants completed the measure of job search intensity again, and indicated the number of interviews and offers they had received and whether they had accepted a full-time job. As hypothesized, positive affectivity predicted job search clarity over and above conscientiousness and job search self-efficacy. Job search clarity mediated relationships between positive affectivity and job search intensity and between job search self-efficacy and job search intensity. Negative affectivity, however, did not predict job search clarity. Job search clarity predicted job search intensity, which led to interviews, offers, and employment. The results suggest that job seekers high in positive affectivity find a job because they achieve job search clarity and, in turn, look for a job intensely.