Ethnographic Research

This article explores the expectations made of organised supervision in health and social care settings. In particular, the way that supervision claims to be meeting the needs of the supervisee yet, is so often instructed in those of the organisation. Using the notion of conversations from supervision sessions and extracts from his ethnographic research with healthcare practitioners working with mentally ill young people and their families the author examines some of the interpersonal dilemmas practitioners encounter. His use of narrative and interpretive method allows him to reflect on how some practitioners view supervision with suspicion and as driven by systems which have no restorative characteristics as so often claimed. This exploration of supervision as a hidden site of struggle is aimed to be a starting point from which more precise questioning and testing of the possibilities of narrative type research methods could be progressed. For now, the author concludes that supervi...

Данная книга представляет собой каталог археологической
коллекции музея «Помор», находящегося в российском
поселке Баренцбург на архипелаге Шпицберген (Норве-
гия). Основу собрания составляют находки Шпицберген-
ской археологической экспедиции Института археологии
РАН, проводившей раскопки в Арктике с 1979 по 2003 г.:
предметы материальной промысловой культуры помо-
ров, а также находки с западноевропейских китобойных
станций Шпицбергена (XVI–XX вв.). Кроме них в музее
экспонируются артефакты, связанные с историей освоения
северо-восточного морского пути: голландской экспедицией
Виллема Баренца 1596–1597 гг. на Новой Земле и русской
экспедицией адмирала Василия Яковлевича Чичагова
1864–1866 гг. Публикуемые материалы представлены впер-
вые. Книга адресована как специалистам, так и широкому
кругу читателей, интересующихся материальной и духовной
культурой поморов, историей Арктики и, в частности, архи-
пелага Шпицберген.

This book is a catalogue of an archaeological collection of the
"Pomor" museum, which is situated in the Russian settlement
of Barentsburg in the Spitsbergen Archipelago (Norway).
The core of the collection consists of finds of the Spitsbergen
Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology
Russian Academy of Sciences (IA RAN), which carried out
excavations in the Arctic from 1979 to 2003: objects of the
Pomors material culture, as well as findings at the West European
whaling stations in Spitsbergen (16th – 20th centuries).
In addition, the museum displays artefacts associated with
the history of exploration of the so-called north-eastern seaway:
with the Dutch expedition of Willem Barents in 1596–1597
to the Novaya Zemlya and with the Russian expedition of admiral
Vasily Yakovlevich Chichagov in 1864–1866. These archaeological
materials are presented to the readers for the first time.
The book is of interest both to specialists and to a broad circle
of readers interested in the material and spiritual culture of the
Pomors, history of the Arctic and, in particular, of the Spitsbergen
archipelago.

Asia is changing. Socio-political shifts in the world economy, technological advances of monumental scales, movements of people and ideas, alongside ongoing post-colonization projects across the region have created an emerging Asia – one confident and assertive of its place in the contemporary geopolitical sphere. As political and economic powers reassert Asian sovereignty in opposition to perceived Northern dominance, and dramatic and rapid development in the region shift the relationship between the centre and the periphery, new renderings and imaginations of hierarchies of identity and power come to the fore. This changing environment leads to emerging challenges for anthropologists working in the region: both those who have been working there for years, and new scholars entering the field.

This volume considers these changes, and the implications of this on our practice. By focusing on Asia as a site of enquiry, the contributors to this book discuss tensions and opportunities arising in their ethnographic fieldwork in light of a changing Asia. Drawing on personal reflections on Asia’s global positioning in this contemporary moment, the contributors consider how fieldwork is being negotiated within the changing dynamics of anthropology in the region. This book then, is a discussion on the shifting landscape of field sites and the resultant emerging research methodologies, and is aimed at those who are already deeply immersed in fieldwork as well as those who are seeking ways to undertake it.

The establishing of large churches in urban Metro Manila was a phenomenon that imperceptibly began in the 80s.  After more than two decades, these large churches had become a permanent, visible, and influential feature of the church scene.  It became a subject of interest to identify the leadership attributes of these pastors and to analyze the development these qualities.  Significant are the consequent implications to educational providers on leadership.
The purpose of the research is to discover the leadership qualities of pastors of large churches in urban Metro Manila, determine the development of these qualities, and define the emergent guidelines for designing a pastoral leadership development program.
The research design employed a mixed-methodology executed in three phases.  The first phase, quantitative and utilized two instruments, a Basic Demographic Survey and the Leadership Practices Inventory.  These instruments identified the leadership attributes of the pastors.  The second phase, qualitative and employed the Appreciative Inquiry interview questionnaire.  It analyzed the developmental process of the leadership attributes.  The third phase triangulated the combined data of the two previous methods.  It generated design elements for a pastoral leadership development program.
The selection criterion focused on member churches of the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches that have a minimum of 800 attendees in their Sunday worship services and led by the same pastor for a minimum of ten years.  The criterion yielded a population size of 20 churches (N=20), sample size 19 pastors (n=19).  A nonrandom purposive sample circumscribed respondents that were information rich.
The leadership attributes, from highest to lowest, were enabling others to act, modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, encouraging the heart, and challenging the process.  Top 30%: the percentile ranking of these pastors.  The observer results, from the highest to the lowest, were inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, modeling the way, challenging the process, and encouraging the heart.  Grouped according to demographic variables, the ranking of the leadership attributes is rearranged.
The leadership attributes were developed through informal, non-formal, and formal education.  Six pastors have ministry-related doctorates, five have credentials from Bible colleges and other similar institutions, three have secular masters degrees, and everyone have attended some form of non-formal ministerial trainings.  Responding properly and intentionally to the developmental stages of the church further contributed to formation of leadership attributes.
The emergent guidelines on designing a pastoral leadership development program are expressed through the acronym LEAD.  Link the learners with their calling.  Enlist teachers based on recognized expertise.  Adapt relevant content and strategies.  Develop objectives in line with ministry.

The present article aims to analyse the photographic creations by Portuguese artist Cristina Rodrigues (b. 1980) which constitute the basis for her research on the rural areas of Portugal. Since 2007 Cristina Rodrigues has been photographing Portuguese villages with the purpose of documenting the desertification and depopulation of the countryside. However, between 2009 and 2010 she developed an interest towards the people who live in these deserted areas, particularly in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova. This municipality belongs to Raia, a region in the centre of Portugal which is situated along the border with Spain. In her field trips to Raia, Cristina Rodrigues has been using photography as a tool to capture the everyday life and customs of the inhabitants, while she has also collected oral testimonies about traditional crafts, olive oil production and folk music. Ethnographic research has therefore become a strong influence in her creations. Through fieldwork, the practice of the participant-observer method and qualitative interviews, the artist has built close relationships with the residents, especially with the women. The subsequent series of photographs My Country through Your Eyes, The People’s Wall and Women from My Country include black and white portraits and landscapes with the purpose of recording and drawing attention to the unbalanced demographics and their impact on the Portuguese economy and environment. The use of black and white in her photographic work is intended to highlight the individuals’ expressions and actions. As a result, such photographs are not so much means of denunciation as of awareness of the living conditions of rural populations whose stories are then exhibited to global, urban publics. These works thus aim to foster the publics’ recognition of the importance of regenerating the countryside and to reactivate their sense of citizenship.

This paper deals with the person of sudetengerman ethnographic researcher Franz Josef Beranek and his research about the community of german speaking woodsmen-Huncokars. The first part is focused on the historico-geographical characteristics of huncokar settlements. The second part deals with the person of Beranek and his career. The third part deals with the Beranek´s research of huncokar comunnity. Main goal of my study is analysis of scientific literature, articles or monographies written by Beranek, which deals with the Huncokars primarily or secondarily.

This study explores Religious culture and life centrally based on oracles and divinities, it takes a look at the continent of Africa. An alternative to ethnographic research on the case study of the Awon goddess of the Shao people of Kwara state, Nigeria was carried out through an oral interview. The research focus of the study was on the socio-political importance of the oracle and divinity on its society. It was gathered that it promoted social peace, solidarity and social bond amongst the society. Through this research it was suggested by the "Baba Awon" i.e the chief priest and also the divinity of shao, that Nigeria could be better improved by supporting the culturalization of cultural groups in Nigeria, this will help Nigeria and Africa has a whole promote its identity and prevent its extinction.

This chapter focuses on the role of the Caballeros Templarios cartel in
local governance from 2011 to 2013. I conducted thirteen months of fieldwork in Michoacán, spread out over five visits between 2013 and 2017. My hypothesis is that drug cartels in Michoacán transformed patronage relations and brokerage practices by displacing, replacing, or mirroring brokers that lie at the center of political and social mediation. In so doing,
they were able to impose a new moral and political economy in the territories they socially and geographically control.
This territorial control is not merely an occupation of land. It lies at the base
of their ability to transform social relationships and hierarchies, to impose
alternative social orders, and to build governance models that extract resources from the drug trade, as well as the public and private sectors.

Many Saudis studying English suffer because of their inability to write well in English. There are few studies that examine the impact of first language and culture on the ability of Saudis to write in a second language. This study revisits Kaplan's (1966) claims about Arab students' writing that are based on the theory of contrastive rhetoric. It begins with an overview of the development of contrastive rhetoric. It also examines the impact of genre and culture as it is used to analyze the work of Arabic ESL learners. The study then analyzes Saudi participants' (n=4) English language writing through the lens of contrastive rhetoric theory. The author uses ethnographical research methods to analyze samples of English writing and to interview his participants about their experiences as ESL learners. The paper findings indicate there are major grammatical and content problems in Saudi students' English writing. He concludes that thinking in Arabic while writing in English leads Saudi ESL writers to misuse word repetition, parallel construction, and to overuse specific grammatical structures. The paper concludes with suggestions about how to correct flaws in current ESL teaching techniques used with Arabic speaking students including tactics for addressing their lack of English reading and dictionary skills. Keywords: English as a second language, contrastive rhetoric theory, ethnographic research, Arabic-speaking students

Nadine Gordimer's line about the difficulties of returning to "half-written letters" is used to frame anthropology's critique of "container cultures, " re: Cultural Studies. Anthropologists Lila Abu-Lughod and Kirin Narayan describe "halfies" as in-between peoples who can help us understand fluid cultures as normative. Building on this stance, and rhetorical genre scholars, Stephens defines communicative cultures as "a set of shared commitments expressed through cultural means. " This approach views literature as an "ethnographic resource, " and is illustrated through an analysis of Jamaican writer Olive Senior's story "Country of the One Eye God. " The repeating patterns in Jamaican culture this approach reveals point to the wider utility of communicative cultures as an analytical concept.

This book offers a much-needed new political theory of an old phenomenon. The last decade alone has marked the highest number of migrations in recorded history. Constrained by environmental, economic, and political instability, scores of people are on the move. But other sorts of changes—from global tourism to undocumented labor—have led to the fact that to some extent, we are all becoming migrants. The migrant has become the political figure of our time.

Rather than viewing migration as the exception to the rule of political fixity and citizenship, Thomas Nail reinterprets the history of political power from the perspective of the movement that defines the migrant in the first place. Applying his "kinopolitics" to several major historical conditions (territorial, political, juridical, and economic) and figures of migration (the nomad, the barbarian, the vagabond, and the proletariat), he provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary migration.

In today’s rapidly  changing,  highly  competitive  world, product design  requires  swift  translation  of  human  needs  and  desires into  technical  specifications  for  the  development  of  devices and services that meet  those needs [1].  This calls for a complex integration  of qualitative  and quantitative  data.  But despite  some notable  successes, product  design failures are today both extensive and expensive, consuming enormous amounts of time and human labor [2].  Any improvement to the process of product design would be of great public benefit.

(An earlier version of this paper appeared on the Blog for EPIC--Ethnographic Praxis in Industry Conference <epicpeople.org> )

This article argues that the works of Michel Foucault and Erving Goffman are complementary, specifically in their analyses of disciplinary power. This style of analysis is what Foucault calls a ‘micro-physics’ of power. Micro-physics is an important concept in Foucault’s later lectures, but it remains a sub-discipline of genealogy Foucault himself never pursues. Goffman’s works, which rely upon notions of social performance, personal spaces, and the construction of the self through these, fulfill the conditions of micro-physical analysis. I argue that Goffman's style of ethnographic analysis helps clarify fundamental questions about disciplinary power left unquestioned in Foucault’s works—namely, the ‘internalization of the gaze’ and its ‘spontaneous’ efficiency. I conclude that disciplinary power is not actually a process of internalization at all, but a systematic divestment of the subject’s access to external processes and spaces on which the production and performance of the ‘self’ depends.

Liminality has the potential to be a leading paradigm for understanding transformation in a globalizing world. As a fundamental human experience, liminality transmits cultural practices, codes, rituals, and meanings in situations
that fall between defined structures and have uncertain outcomes. Based on case studies of some of the most important crises in history, society, and politics, this volume explores the methodological range and applicability of the
concept to a variety of concrete social and political problems.

The period after the Liberation of Bulgaria
(1878) and up to the end of the 1920s is filled with events
leading to significant refugee waves of Bulgarians to the
country. This situation creates difficulties for the official
authorities. They are obliged to find a quick solution to the
refugees’ problems in regard to accommodation, provision
of arable land, education etc. Some of the refugees decided
to settle in Sofia. This text is aimed at finding the role of
some Macedonian fraternity activities in Sofia in the life of
migrants from Macedonia. In this publication I use part of
the results of ethnological research that was held this year
in several districts in Sofia. Also I attach excerpts of some
archives from Central State Archives in Sofia.

Ementa da disciplina: FLS 5282-1 – Antropologia Visual: políticas e poéticas da prática audiovisual
Professores: Mihai Leaha e Vitor Grunvald
N. de Créditos: 8
Carga Horária: 12 semanas (4h/semana de aula + horas extra de estudos e exercícios de realização a serem combinadas com estudantes)

Objetivos:
O curso visa oferecer um panorama das discussões que constituíram o campo da Antropologia Visual, com especial ênfase aos processos de realização audiovisual. Os objetivos centrais são (1) criar um espaço de reflexão sobre o lugar da imagem na Antropologia, enfatizando tanto os aspectos teóricos que envolvem o estudo da cultura visual quanto algumas estratégias de produção de imagens na disciplina, utilizando exemplos clássicos e contemporâneos e (2) realizar estudos e exercícios práticos de forma a capacitar pesquisadoras/es na produção de documentários etnográficos a partir de seus campos de investigação.

Justificativa:
O curso busca promover uma integração entre reflexão teórica e prática de realização de imagens em Antropologia. Dessa maneira, contribui com a capacitação de pesquisadoras/es no sentido de se apropriarem de técnicas de produção de imagens que têm ocupado um lugar cada vez mais central nos processos de construção etnográfica.

This comparative research explored the mindset and performance of selected graduating students taking French as a second language. The study is anchored on two theories namely: Bronfenbrenner"s Ecological Systems" Theory and Krashen"s Second Language Acquisition theory. A total of 30 Mass Communication and Business Administration graduating students served as respondents of this study. A 10-point questionnaire, which mainly covers their views, background knowledge, and impressions about the French language in general, as well as their actually experiences while learning French. It used a mixed descriptive correlational research method to analyze the data gathered. Results showed that the selected graduating college students held a positive mindset about studying French. The majority of the respondents enrolled in French out of their own volition and mentioned that they were interested to learn it because of what they have read, seen, and heard about the French culture in general. While all of them acknowledged that it is a required subject in their curriculum, all of them said they would still take it even if it were not required. In contrast, two (2) out of 30 said that they would not have taken the subject if it were not required. It can be said that the majority of the respondents fostered a positive and free-willing mindset in learning French. However, they struggled in learning French due to the pronunciation, sentence construction, accents, and limited time allotment (3 hours per week) in learning the language. The students dealt with these challenges through 1.) use of apps/internet; 2.) love for language; 3.) persistence and effort; 4.) constant practice; 5.) research; 6.) self-study and makeup; 7. quality listening. The study recommended for an increased number of French sessions through curriculum revision, budget provision for more interactive activities (i.e. field trip, cultural night, food trip culture, etc.), and integrating more multi-media approaches to teaching French as well as creative means to tap students" multiple talents and empower them to showcase their skills and boost their confidence.

Queda permitida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, comprendidos la reprografía y el tratamiento informático, siempre que sea sin ánimo de lucro, y con la cita explícita y completa de estos créditos: Óscar Abenójar, Primer tesoro de cuentos del Atlas telliano, Madrid: Mitáforas, 2017.

El estudio de la correspondencia entre los antropólogos Alfred Métraux (1902-1963) y Jules Henry (1904-1969) nos permite reconstruir la trastienda de la etnología chaqueña durante la década de 1930. Las cartas de ambos investigadores entre sí, como también aquellas otras dirigidas a diversas personalidades de su ámbito profesional (Ruth Benedict, Paul Rivet, John Arnott, Enrique Palavecino, etc.), ponen de manifiesto la operación cotidiana de las redes académicas, la maquinaria
logística del trabajo de campo, las opiniones descarnadas de Métraux sobre la academia o el mundo cultural argentino, las reacciones adversas de Henry ante el consejo de su interlocutor o bien la visión del antropólogo suizo sobre los misioneros anglicanos, los indígenas chaqueños y las instituciones científicas internacionales, revelando matices inesperados de la «cultura y personalidad» de ambos antropólogos. Palabras clave: Chaco; Historia de la antropología; Alfred Métraux; Jules Henry.
SUMMARY - The study of the correspondence between anthropologists Alfred Métraux (1902-1963) and Jules Henry (1904-1969) helps us to reconstruct the background to Chaco ethnology during the decade of the 1930s. The letters between Métraux and Henry, and between both of them and several academic correspondents (Ruth Benedict, Paul Rivet, John Arnott, Enrique Palavecino, etc.), show the daily operation of academic networks, the logistics machinery of ethnographic fieldwork, Métraux’s stark opinions about Argentinian academic and cultural milieu, Henry’s adverse reaction to his correspondent’s advice and Métraux’s thoughts on indigenous peoples, Anglican missionaries and international scientific institutions. In the process, they reveal unexpected nuances of the «culture and personality» of both anthropologists. Key words: Chaco; History of Anthropology; Alfred Métraux; Jules Henry.

Paraskevas Potiropoulos,
Recordings of refugee’s memories, transfers and transformations of cultural phenomena and practices: Asia Minor refugees in Attica on the Hellenic Folklore Research Centre’s Archive,
Annual of the Hellenic Folklore Research Centre, Academy of Athens, vol. 33-34 (2010-2013), Αθήνα 2016, pp. 667-685.
Ποτηρόπουλος Παρασκευάς, "Καταγραφές της προσφυγικής μνήμης, μεταφορές και μετασχηματισμοί πολιτισμικών φαινομένων και πρακτικών: Οι μικρασιάτες πρόσφυγες της Αττικής στο Αρχείο του Κέντρου Λαογραφίας", Επετηρίς του Κέντρου Ερεύνης της Ελληνικής Λαογραφίας της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών, τόμος 33-34 (2010-2013), Αθήνα 2016,  σελ. 667-685.
The following paper attempts to explore aspects of the culture of Asia Minor refugees who settled in Athens region, as recorded on the Hellenic Folklore Research Centre’s Archive. An overview of the archival material identifies elements of Asia Minor refugee’s popular culture, which were transferred to new settlements, that are characterized by transformations and interactions, changes and discontinuities. Based on the Archive’s contents, taking into account its dynamics and its shortcomings, the richness and the heterogeneity of the archival
material, the paper sets the framework for further study of historical approach to cultural phenomena and practices. The reading of the archival material with modern scientific and methodological approaches creates new research questions.
Furthermore indicates the necessity for interaction between Archive and
contemporary fieldwork for a thorough inquiry and interpretation of transfers and transformations Asia Minor refugees’ popular culture.
ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ: Η ανακοίνωση επιχειρεί να διερευνήσει όψεις του πολιτισμού των μικρασιατών προσφύγων που εγκαταστάθηκαν σε περιοχές της Αττικής, όπως έχουν καταγραφεί στο αρχείο του Κέντρου Λαογραφίας. Με την επισκόπηση του αρχειακού υλικού επισημαίνει στοιχεία του λαϊκού πολιτισμού των Μικρασιατών, που μεταφέρονται στους νέους τόπους εγκατάστασης, αλλά και τους μετασχηματισμούς και τις αλληλεπιδράσεις, τις αλλαγές και τις ασυνέχειες που τα χαρακτηρίζουν. Με βάση το περιεχόμενο του αρχείου, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τη δυναμική αλλά και τις ελλείψεις του, τον πλούτο αλλά και την ετερογένεια του υλικού του, θέτει το πλαίσιο για την περαιτέρω μελέτη της ιστορικής διάστασης των πολιτισμικών φαινομένων και πρακτικών. Η ανάγνωση του αρχειακού υλικού μέσα από σύγχρονες επιστημονικές και μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις, δημιουργεί σύγχρονα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα. Ταυτόχρονα επισημαίνει την ανάγκη διαλόγου ανάμεσα στο αρχείο και τη σύγχρονη επιτόπια έρευνα, προκειμένου να διερευνηθούν διεξοδικά και να ερμηνευτούν οι μεταφορές και οι μετασχηματισμοί του λαϊκού πολιτισμού των μικρασιατών προσφύγων.
(Ανακοίνωση στην Ημερίδα  «Διασχίζοντας το Αιγαίο: Μεταναστεύσεις και πολιτισμικές αλληλεπιδράσεις. Το παράδειγμα των
Μικρασιατών της Αττικής», Πεύκη 12 Νοεμβρίου 2011)

Resumen: los futuros de la etnografía están relacionados con cómo nos acercamos a los límites de la práctica etnográfica y de la disciplina antropológica. Dicho acercamiento se puede lograr al plantear nuevos tipos de preguntas y objetos de estudio, con una aproximación a lo que la ciencia a menudo ha dejado sin mirar o decir. También a través de innovaciones metodológicas, por medio de conectar técnicas para investigar relaciones sociales hasta ahora separadas y de construir dispositivos para intervenir el campo. Este artículo explora esta última opción, al proponer un acercamiento a formas creativas de comprender y experimentar la práctica etnográfica. Presenta una reflexión de alternativas metodológicas a través de tres casos metodológicos: exposición, novela etnográfica e instalación performativa. Interesado en repensar los límites disciplinares, el artículo propone nuevas configuraciones etnográficas y formas de conocimiento antropológico, más allá de las académicas. Concluye que, para ello, es necesario expandir las herramientas epistemológicas y relacionales del trabajo etnográfico, además de reconsiderar cómo nuestro trabajo entra en las discusiones públicas. La aproximación al límite —la epistemología de y en el limen— es, por tanto, un ejercicio metodológico y personal.

Palabras clave: antropología contemporánea, disciplinas académicas, epistemología del límite, etnografía experimental, exposición de campo.

Ethnographic Boundaries: An Anthropological Approach in Three Creative Experiments

Abstract: The futures of ethnography revolve around how we approach the boundaries of ethnographic practice and the anthropological discipline. Such an approach can be pursued by posing new kinds of questions and objects of study, with an approach to what science has often left unexamined or unsaid. It can also be made possible by means of methodological innovations, that connect techniques to investigate hitherto separate social relations and build devices to intervene in the field. This article explores the latter option by proposing an approach to creative ways of understanding and experiencing ethnographic practice. It presents a reflection of methodological alternatives through three methodological cases: exhibition, ethnographic novel, and performative installation. Interested in rethinking the boundaries of the discipline, this article offers new ethnographic configurations and forms of anthropological knowledge that go beyond academia. It concludes that, to do so, we must expand the epistemological and relational tools of ethnographic work, and reconsider how our work engages in public discussions. The boundary approach —its epistemology and its limen— is, therefore, a methodological and personal exercise.

Keywords: Academic disciplines, contemporary anthropology, epistemology of boundaries, experimental ethnography, field exposure.

Limites etnográficos: uma abordagem antropológica em três experiências criativas

Resumo: o futuro da etnografia está relacionado com como nos aproximamos dos limites da prática etnográfica e da disciplina antropológica. Essa abordagem pode se dar ao se proporem novos tipos de perguntas e objetos de estudos, com uma abordagem para a qual a ciência muitas vezes vem deixando de olhar ou dizer. Também por meio das inovações metodológicas, por meio de conectar técnicas para pesquisar relações sociais até agora separadas e de construir dispositivos para intervir no campo. Este artigo explora esta última opção, ao propor uma abordagem de formas criativas de compreender e experimentar a prática etnográfica. Apresenta uma reflexão de alternativas metodológicas mediante três casos metodológicos: exposição, romance etnográfico e instalação performativa. Interessado em repensar os limites disciplinares, este artigo apresenta novas configurações etnográficas e formas de conhecimento antropológico, mais além das acadêmicas. Conclui-se que, para isso, é necessário expandir as ferramentas epistemológicas e relacionais do trabalho etnográfica, além de reconsiderar como nosso trabalho entra nas discussões públicas. A abordagem do limite — a epistemologia de e no limiar — é, portanto, um exercício metodológico e pessoal.

Palavras-chave: antropologia contemporânea, disciplinas acadêmicas, epistemologia do limite, etnografia experimental, exposição de campo.

The book is dedicated to the general and ethnocultural analysis of the world view, pantheon tungus-manchu people of Siberia and Far East in the XIX-XX centuries. Reconstruction of the general  tungus high pantheon, typology and functional-semantical status of the figures and their iconography is highlighted. The research demonstrates ethnocultural peculiarities of the general tungus pantheon and indicates the ethnocultural connections of Central Asia and Far East within the tungus cultural world.
The book is based on a wide range of archival and museum materials, including those from expeditions.

Ethnography is at the heart of social and cultural anthropology. This has been true since the inception of anthropology as a discipline in the nineteenth century. In one of its earliest forms, anthropology was called "ethnography," the social or human partner to the discipline of geography. If geography was about the geographic features of places around the world, including those distant from academic centers in Europe, then ethnography was about the ethnographic, about who lived where, what their beliefs and customs were, the languages they spoke, the worlds they created, and the relations they had with one another. Since this period, some aspects of the definition of ethnography have remained stable while others have changed. Whereas ethnography was once mostly something to know, it is now understood as a way of knowing. That is, ethnography was once understood as a specific way of being, one that anthropologists sought to know for individual peoples, but it is now also understood as a specific way of knowing. As a way of knowing the world, ethnography is truly unique. The term "ethnography" has its roots in the Greek words ethnos (folk, the people) and grapho (to write). Ethnography is to write about people, society, and/or culture, but it is much more than writing. It is also a method and a theory. As a method, ethnography is an embodied, empirical, and experiential field-based way of knowing centered around participant observation. Ethnographic research requires participation, not just observation. It is to participate in rather than just to observe the daily life, logics, rhythms, and contradictions of a cultural group or society. As such, it requires discipline and commitment beyond what is visible to someone not trained in ethnographic methods. As a theory, ethnography is to start on the ground, with the concepts that ground people's lives, worldviews, actions, and words in ways particular to that community. Together, these require a sense of the ethnographic as the goal. To understand ethnography as both noun and adjective is to assess culture as a thing and the cultural as a modifier, taking both as key aspects of human life. The American Anthropological Association (2004) defines ethnography as "the description of cultural systems or an aspect of culture based on fieldwork in which the investigator is immersed in the ongoing everyday activities of the designated community for the purpose of describing the social context, relationships, and processes relevant to the topic under consideration." This definition builds on the long-standing practice of anthropology as a field science, as first and most fully articulated by Bronisław Malinowski in 1922. Malinowski described ethnographic research as an effort "to grasp the native's point of view, his relation to life, to realize his vision of his world" ([1922] 1984, 25). This was to consider both the objective and the subjective aspects of human life as the goals of anthropology. Malinowski argued that to record The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Edited by Hilary Callan.

This study is a theoretical analysis of two dimension of ethnography in social sciences, perceived as educational and re-educational ethnography, and related to three contexts of thinking of it as of a method, methodology and product from the social research, not necessarily a written one. Particular attention has been focused on theoretical assumptions, characteristics and specifics of ethnographies of education and re-education.

invisible. About female Collectors and "colonial context"
A survey of ethnographic collections with a “colonial context” shows almost exclusively male collectors' names including a few indigenous collectors. But were women really not involved in contemporary collecting? Using the example of a few selected Indigenous and German female collectors who collected in North and South America in the 19th century, However, mentioning them by name did not seem significant, or that they were simply forgotten. The women mainly collected through their husbands' professional positions, and they had exclusively male clients. But they developed their own criteria and methods of collecting, taking into account ethical reservations and, if necessary, enforced them against husbands and male clients. Even if names of female collectors are rare in the inventories, a higher number of unreported cases can be assumed. Provenance research must therefore also develop an awareness of the need to identify women as collectors and their role in collecting.
With the examples of: Elisabeth von Wrangel (Alaska), Estefánia de Broner (Mexico), Odile Morison (Canada), Cäcilie Sachs (Mexiko),  and Elly von Kuhlmann (Guatemala).

While also concerned with Norwegian seamanship, Wæhle’s chapter takes the reader to the colonisation of the vast area of the Congo and situates a few Norwegian traders of ethnographica within this myth-ridden aspect of colonialism. Through relating the story of King Leopold’s aspirations for expansion towards the Nile and with a keen eye for anthropological and historical knowledge of the Congo, Wæhle effectively situates the collection of ethnographica that his main characters Norwegian sea captains Andersen, Martini and Schønberg as well as engineers Scharffenberg and Johannesen to both Leopold’s expansionist plans and to the existence of ethnographic collections in Norway and elsewhere today (from Bjørn Enge Bertelsen's introduction chapter to the book).

Once thriving for being powerhouse of Ethiopian material and spiritual
prosperity, today eastern communities are losing ground in many ways. Those
cities and towns which were symbols virtually on every aspect of public life
since the formation of modern Ethiopian state are seemingly losing their
importance. What happened to easterners, Alas?!

Dr. Amy Allocco's current research project is titled Domesticating the Dead: Invitation and Installation Rituals in Tamil South India. Her ethnography investigates the ongoing ritual relationships that Hindus maintain with their dead kin and focuses on ceremonies to honor deceased relatives called puvataikkari (“the woman wearing flowers”), including both those performed annually to seek generalized blessings and occasional, elaborate invitation rituals in which ritual drummers summon the spirit, convince it to possess a human host, and beg it to “come home” as a protective family deity. She locates these ceremonies within the broader repertoire of rituals that Tamil Hindus, both Brahmin and non-Brahmin, perform for dead kin as well as those intended to honor their family deities (kulateyvam).

With fellowship support from Fulbright-Nehru, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the American Institute of Indian Studies, Allocco spent the 2015-2016 academic year in Chennai working on this research project, building on preliminary fieldwork on the same topic conducted in 2011, 2008, and 2005-2007. Immediately following her sabbatical, she began presenting conference papers, keynotes, and plenary addresses associated with this research (see selected list below). Allocco then spent the first month of 2018 conducting follow-up fieldwork associated with her Domesticating the Dead project in South India and offered an invited lecture focused on dead relatives who serve as Tamil family deities (kulateyvam) at the University of Madras in Chennai, India. In early 2019 Allocco again conducted short-term follow-up research in Tamil Nadu in association with this project, including on the Mayana Kollai festival in Chennai, and presented a plenary lecture at the University of Madras focused on how urbanization changes families' interactions with their lineage and household deities. Details of two relevant publications, including her 2021 cover article in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion, are listed below.

Relevant Publications
·      “Bringing the Dead Home: Hindu Invitation Rituals in Tamil South India.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 89 (1): 103-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfab026 (2021)

·      “Vernacular Practice, Gendered Tensions, and Interpretive Ambivalence in Hindu Death, Deification, and Domestication Narratives.” The Journal of Hindu Studies 13 (2): 144-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhs/hiaa007 (2020)

Este pequeño libro compila nueve conferencias, comunicaciones breves y entrevistas en las cuales Claude Lévi-Strauss despliega su particular visión del Japón. Los textos cubren temas tan disímiles como el arte, la técnica culinaria, la mitología, los relatos de diversos viajeros o la dialéctica eterna entre tradición y cambio. No faltan los habituales recursos del maestro del estructuralismo: las citas de Montaigne, Rousseau o Chateaubriand, las analogías con mitos griegos y norteamericanos, la expresión barroca, la comparación sorprendente, la frase memorable. Tampoco la osadía de las hipótesis y las oposiciones: así, un "bulevar terrestre" entre Asia y América explica la circulación prehistórica de ideas, objetos y tradiciones (pp. 23-24); un canto isleño es una variación de un tema helénico "En el curso de una visita que hice en 1983 a Iheya-jima, en el archipiélago de las Ryukyu, escuché un canto ritual que se me tradujo palabra por palabra. Para mi sorpresa encontré allí una historia ya relatada por Heródoto, que la situaba en Lidia" (pp. 38); hay una oposición posible entre Japón (originalmente pobre en recursos naturales pero rico en recursos sociales) y América (rica en recursos naturales pero pobre en sociales); e incluso se propone que Japón (punto extremo de Asia en el Este) y Francia (punto extremo de Europa en Oeste) "…puedan ilustrar los estados simétricos de una serie de transformaciones" que abarca nada menos que a Eurasia (pp. 39). Al fin y al cabo, "la cara oculta de la luna" refiere a la mirada comparativa de japonólogos y americanistas, y se contrapone con la "cara visible" de un conocimiento canónico que cifra la historia del mundo antiguo en Egipto, Grecia y Roma.

African Americans and contemporary African migrants to the USA do not form a single “Black community”. Their relations are characterized by simultaneous mutual attraction and repulsion. Based on field evidence, the article discusses the role played in it by the reflection in historic memory and place in mass consciousness of African Americans and African migrants of key events in Black American and African history: transatlantic slave trade, slavery, its abolition, and the Civil Rights Movement in the US, colonialism, anticolonial struggle, and the fall of apartheid regime in South Africa. It is shown that they see the key events of the past differently, and different events are seen as key by each group. Collective historic memory works more in the direction of separating the two groups from each other by generating and supporting contradictory or even negative images of mutual perception.

In this article, I discuss the fact that doing “anthropology at home” involves the same core anthropological methodology as undertaking research abroad. This implies that while doing anthropology at home may have some advantages concerning field practicalities but is equally challenging. There are certain ethical and methodological essentials involved in every anthropological research undertaking. Through my personal experiences of conducting ethnography in Pakistan, I explain that doing anthropology at home does not make exceptions for the researcher in terms of these ethical and methodological aspects.

In the study of civil war it is widely believed that diasporas play a largely negative role by fueling rebellion. Many believe they harbor grievances from the homeland wars they flee and lack integration into hostland societies. Together with their distance from homeland situations, this combination of factors is thought to produce uncompromising attitudes among diasporas which motivate their involvement in homeland politics and conflicts. This chapter reviews these arguments and offers a critique of them based upon a multidisciplinary review of the evidence. The main thrust of the critique is that due to the lack of an interdisciplinary perspective, after nearly ten years of attention paid to diasporas in the systematic study of civil war our understanding remains limited. A more comprehensive view of the evidence suggests that future research must challenge the consensus view grounded in greed and new wars explanations of civil war, consider the theoretical implications of a multidisciplinary perspective, and explore the varied nature of diasporas and their impact on homeland conflict and peace.