Drone

El desarrollo del tema trata de explicar y analizar los diversos usos y aplicaciones actuales y posibles futuras de los drones o RPAS en la edificacion. El documento tambien habla de las ventajas y las desventajas con las que cuentan, los diferentes tipos de drones que existen, sus capacidades maximas y tomando en cuenta las limitaciones que pueden llegar a tener estos en la edificacion. Se explicara la situacion actual que tiene un dron en la edificacion, estudiando las aplicaciones ya existentes y se intentara encontrar posibles futuras aplicaciones funcionales de los drones en el ambito arquitectonico.

This paper presents part of the University UTE of Quito’s post-earthquake reconstruction project “Arquitectura en movimiento en San Josè de Chamanga”, on using UAVs and specifically the drone Mavic Pro 2, as an innovative tool to terrestrial surveying for post-disaster areas. It describes how the provision of a real-time and high-resolution imagery of the remote areas of San José de Chamanga might assist in defining its urban form, map places that today are not accessible and document the local built heritage. Following this logic, the study argues that the mapped data could become a pivotal tool to the creation of an urban/ architectural construction manual that has a dual role: on the one hand, it could provide locals with guides and standards during self-construction, assisted self-construction, and construction with technical assistance. On the other hand, it reveals architectural and urban elements of the researched area.

On September 27, 2020, a short and decisive war in the Caucasus erupted that provides a glimpse of wars to come. Azerbaijan and Armenia clashed in a conflict in rough, mountainous terrain that lasted 44 days and ended in Armenia’s surrender and Azerbaijan’s triumph. The battlespace was the area of Nagorno-Karabakh, the contested region between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The Azerbaijanis executed their version of cross-domain maneuver to win a rapid and decisive victory against a defending and determined adversary. To achieve this, the Azerbaijanis invested a reported $24B+ to upgrade their forces, purchasing the latest Turkish and Israeli Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Loitering Munitions (LMs). The effective use by Azerbaijan of these weapons in the war was stunning. The unrelenting tempo, precision, and lethality of the Azerbaijani aerial top-attacks devastated and demoralized the Armenians and played a definitive role in Azerbaijan’s victory. These systems did not win the war by themselves, and UAVs have been over-hyped in many press accounts of the war, but the impact of the high-definition full-motion video (FMV) provided by top-attack systems categorized this conflict as “the war of the drones.” The Azerbaijanis used the secure FMV capabilities of their systems to enhance sensor-shooter integration, to obtain battle damage assessment, and for propaganda to win the information war. In these aspects, especially the use of secure tactical FMV video and data links, the conflict is a harbinger for wars to come.

SummaryAlthough drones are becoming very common in the skies, most concerns about their use are not focused on their possible impact on wildlife. We used the information available from the scientific literature on the effects of drones on wildlife and complement it with Internet (YouTube) information to evaluate whether recreational activities using drones produce behavioural responses from wildlife. Scientific papers specifically evaluating the effects of drones on wildlife are scarce but increasing. Nonetheless, we found abundant videos in which many species from different taxonomic groups and multiple countries presented behavioural responses to drone overflights. Furthermore, 26% of the species that were disturbed are included in one of the International Union for Conservation of Nature categories of threat. We found that wildlife that use aerial and terrestrial habitats are more likely to show a behavioural response than those occupying aquatic habitats. The Internet is becomin...

Plan for the emergency communication tools you need before the event to be able to communicate and it will make your response faster, better, and more effective. This article describes how learning and using these tools will increase your chances of successfully dealing with an emergency.

A new powerful military weapon has appeared in the skies of world and with it a new form of warfare has quickly emerged bringing with it a host of pressing ethical questions and issues. This book brings together some of the best scholars currently working on these questions and provides timely and important arguments on many of the most significant and previously unexplored areas of this recent debate. Essays range from broad theoretic questions regarding the moral permissibility of killing by drones to specific examinations of particular uses of unmanned weapons such as their role in counterinsurgency operations, humanitarian interventions, and their controversial use in “targeted killings.” Some scholars engage remarkably vexing issues such as what happens to classic military virtues such as bravery for the warriors who fly remotely controlled drones from complete safety, half a world away from the combat in which they operate. Others wrestle over the future of such technology and...

Drone technology has been around the world more than a decade and the application has becomes more vital, especially, during the disaster event such as COVID-19 pandemic.  However, some of the countries were not ready in implementating the technology due to various reasons.  Thus, this study intended to identify the technological and legislative aspects of drone application for disaster response in cities environment and to propose strategic framework on optimization of drone capabilities in cities disaster response. The literature search has been conducted in order to explore the applicability of drone technology in disaster management and disaster response.  Later, further investigations were carried out using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach.  In the PAR method, the data were collected in two phases; 1) observation and discussions and 2) interview sessions.  The observation and discussions were conducted to obtain the implementation process of using the drone during the disaster event by the rescue team via recorded video.  To triangulate the information gathered from the discussion, a series of interview had been made.  Where,  six selected stakeholders from end-user, regulatory agency  and supplier were interviewed.  It is found that the implementation of drone technology framework in disaster consists of six perspectives, namely; actions, internal organization, external environment, needs specification and feasibility analysis. To make the framework works, stakeholders are required to function in a cohesive and collaborative manner as illustrated in the Harmonization Triangle. The strength of cohesion and collaboration has also opened up future study for a full scope disaster management cycle phases, known as response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness.

Drone RPA UAV a b s t r a c t Because they are airborne artefacts, drones embody threats to people and property, even in normal operation, but especially when malfunctions occur in equipment or in the data communications on which they are heavily dependent. Some natural controls exist over inappropriate drone behaviour. General liability laws provide remedies for harm that arises from drones, and act as a deterrent against irresponsible behaviour. Specific air safety laws do, or may, apply to drones. Co-regulatory mechanisms provide protections, as may industry and organisational self-regulation. However, a review of current and emergent regulatory arrangements identifies a considerable range of gaps and uncertainties that need to be addressed, particularly in relation to small drones, including micro-drones.

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in military operations
is currently among the most hotly debated topics in the national
and international media. While at first few showed interest in
this military technology, the increasing number of missile strikes carried out via UAVs in remote areas of Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia by the United States Armed Forces and the CIA has raised public awareness. [...]
The four books reviewed in this essay are all motivated by the belief that “the precipitous increase in drone use we have witnessed over the past few years represents just the beginning of the proliferation and widespread use of UAVs, across many contexts.” Disagreement may reign over whether or not this development is positive; however, the authors agree on one point: drones are here to stay.

The trend in ISR is to merge ISR and strike capabilities into the same platform. Future ISR systems will be smaller, lighter, unmanned, and armed with long-range-precision-guided munitions. (Turkish Defense Industries SSB photo) In the fall of 2020, the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War provided a glimpse of what the next generation of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) will become: precision-guided munitions with active sensors. In the past, ISR platforms primarily found targets for other systems to destroy. The recent fighting in the Caucasus, which involved two, near-equal medium powers, has shown how ISR and Precision-Guided Munitions (PGMs) are now blending to become one. During this conflict, the Azerbaijani forces used strike systems, Unmanned Air Combat Vehicles (UCAVs) and Loitering Munitions (LMs) for ISR. These systems had high-end, active sensors that generated real-time intelligence during combat. In addition, they provided accurate, real-time, battle damage assessment. In the next decade, strike systems will become smaller, less expensive, and better networked. The lessons learned for next generation ISR from this conflict is dramatic, and was a key factor in Azerbaijan's decisive victory. Some of the primary systems used by Azerbaijan, principally the TB2 UCAV and the HAROP LM, provide an important insight into the future of ISR systems.

IET indexes its books and journal in SCOPUS and IEEE Xplore.
Computer Vision (CV) and Sensors play a decisive role in the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), but there exists a void when it comes to analysing the extent of their impact on the entire UAV system. In general, the fact that a UAV is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is not taken into account. In this proposal, we propose to expand on earlier books covering the use of CV and sensing in UAVs. Among other things, an entirely autonomous UAV can help to (i) obtain information about the environment, (ii) work for an extended period of time without human interference, (iii) move either all or part of itself all over its operating location devoid of human help and (iv) stay away from dangerous situations for people and their possessions. A Vision System (VS) entails the way CV data will be utilized, the appropriate architecture for total avionics integration, the control interfaces, and the UAV operation. Since the VS core is its sensors and cameras, multi-sensor fusion, navigation, hazard detection, and ground correlation in real time are important operational aspects that can benefit from CV knowledge and technology. This book will aim to collect and shed some light on the existing information on CV software and hardware for UAVs as well as pinpoint aspects that need additional thinking. It will list standards and a set of prerequisites (or lack of them thereof) when it comes to CV deployment in UAVs. The issue of data fusion takes a centre place when the book explores ways to deal with sensor data and images as well as their integration and display. The best practices to fuse image and sensor information to enhance UAV performance by means of CV can greatly improve all aspects of the corresponding CPS. The CPS viewpoint can improve the way UAVs interact with the Internet of Things (IoT), use cloud computing, meet communications requirements, implement hardware/software paradigms necessary to handle video streaming, incorporate satellite data, and combine CV with Virtual/Augmented Realities.

VOLUME 1-CONTROL AND PERFORMANCE: This tome explores how sensors and computer vision technologies are used in unmanned aerial vehicles for the navigation, control, stability, reliability, guidance, fault detection, self-maintenance, strategic replanning and reconfiguration of the entire system. It helps analyse the manner UAVs interact with the Internet of Things (IoT), use cloud computing, meet communications requirements, implement hardware/software paradigms necessary to handle still imagery, video streaming, incorporate satellite data, and combine computer vision with virtual/augmented realities (VR/AR).NB: This is planned to be the companion volume of Estrela, Hemanth, Saotome (Eds) / Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Volume 2-Deployment and Applications

More and more Member States of the Council of Europe are becoming interested in drone technology. Currently, a number of them either possess or wish to obtain unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with missiles. Due to the increased number of targeted killing operations committed with the use of drones by countries such as the United States or Israel, there is a probability that Member States might also use them for such operations, especially if their forces will be subject to joint command. Although the issue of targeted killings with the use of drones has not yet been subject to the scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights, there are two main reasons why this may change in the near future. First, the Court has already ruled on the extraterritorial applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights, and second, the Convention places strict limits on any attempts to carry out targeted killings and leaves only a limited space for their use, even in the context of warfare. In this article we assess whether the Member States of the Council of Europe might be ever justified under the European Convention on Human Rights to carry out targeted killing operations using drones.

Large areas of tropical lands are being removed from agriculture and restored to address conservation goals. However, monitoring the ecological value of these efforts at the individual land-owner scale is rare, owing largely to issues of cost and accessibility. Traditional field-based measures for assessing forest recovery and habitat quality can be labour intensive and costly. Here we assess whether remote sensing measurements from lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are a cost-effective substitute for traditional field measures. An inexpensive UAV-based remote sensing methodology, ''Ecosynth'', was applied to measure forest canopy structure across field plots in a 7-9-yr tropical forest restoration study in southern Costa Rica. Ecosynth methods combine aerial images from consumer-grade digital cameras with computer vision software to generate 3D 'point cloud' models of vegetation at high spatial resolutions. Ecosynth canopy structure measurements were compared to field-based measures and their ability to predict the abundance of frugivorous birds; key seed dispersers that are sensitive to canopy structure. Ecosynth canopy height measurements were highly correlated with field-based measurements (R 2 P 0.85), a result comparable in precision to LiDAR-based remote sensing measurements. Ecosynth parameters were also strongly correlated with above-ground biomass (R 2 P 0.81) and percent canopy openness (R 2 = 0.82). Correlations were weaker with proportion-based measures such as canopy roughness (R 2 = 0.53). Several Ecosynth metrics (e.g., canopy openness and height) predicted frugivore presence and abundance at levels of accuracy similar to those of field-based measurements. Ecosynth UAV remotesensing provides an effective alternate methodology to traditional field-based measures of evaluating forest structure and complexity across landscapes. Furthermore, given the volume of data that can be generated in a single flight plan, as well as the ability to use the technology in remote areas, these methods could expand the scope of studies on forest dynamics and recovery when combined with field-based calibration plots.

Separately, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are groundbreaking advances. At the point when we consolidate AI and IoT, we get AIoT - the artificial intelligence of things. We can consider IoT gadgets as the digital sensory method whilst AI is the brain of a framework. In this article, we are analyzing about AIoT and analyzing about the applications and real time examples of AIoT method.

Bu araştırma herhangi bir ortamda bulunan WiFi sinyal güçlerinin attırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu ortama, drone’a entegreli hareketli bir WiFi çoğaltıcı konumlandırması yaparak afet olayları gibi riskli durumlarda iletişimin daha hızlı ve daha kolay nasıl gerçekleştirilebileceğini göstermeyi hedeflemiştir. Örnek olay yöntemiyle yürütülen bu çalışmada öncelikle WiFi çoğaltıcı drone’a entegre edilmiş ve sahaya çıkabilir hale getirilmiştir. Drone, belirlenen ortamda uçurulmadan önce gerekli ölçümler yapılmış ve ortam parametre değerleri elde edilmiştir. Kaynaktan gelen WiFi sinyallerini çoğaltmak ve geniş bir alana yayılmasını sağlamak için WiFi çoğaltıcı adaptör kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra drone’a yerleştirilen kamera sayesinde, etrafın eş zamanlı olarak izlenmesine olanak tanıyan bir gözlük kullanılmıştır. Lityum-polimer bataryaya sahip olan drone’un üzerine GPS modülü bağlanmıştır. Daha sonra WiFi çoğaltıcı entegreli drone uçurulmuş, parametre değerleri yeniden kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan INAV programı ile drone’a harita üzerinden belirli bölgeler atanmıştır ve GPS modülü sayesinde drone bu bölgelerde otonom şekilde uçmuştur. Parametre sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; drone uçurulan bölgelerde bilgisayar internet gücünde yaklaşık 2 kat, telefon internet gücünde ise yaklaşık olarak 23 kat sinyal artışı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak afet yardım personellerinin, afet bölgesinde fiilen bulunmadan, INAV ve benzeri uygulamaları yöneterek drone ile arama yapabilecekleri, o bölgenin fotoğraflarını çekebilecekleri ve bölge hakkındaki bilgileri elde ederek afetzedelere hızlıca yardım edebilecekleri kanısına varılmıştır.

Not: Düzce Üniversitesi Yüksek Lisans projesidir. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/ sitesinde yayınlanmıştır. Tez no: 646963

Germany has a long history of drone development and use, reaching back to early drone trials and missile development during and between the world wars. Its first modern drone
system, the Canadian-British-German CL-89, was introduced in 1971. Today, the German armed forces, the Bundeswehr, operate a range of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), all of
which have been fielded in Afghanistan as part of the German contribution to the ISAF mission. Together with the U.K. and France, Germany is one of the leading European
drone users; its main strength as a manufacturer and user is in midsized reconnaissance drones for the army.

The Bundeswehr is likely to use drones (both intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance [ISR] and armed systems) in future military operations. It is not expected that the availability of drones will fundamentally change German operations, either in terms of the types of operations Germany will participate in (never alone, always in cooperation with NATO allies, and – if at all possible – only with a U.N. mandate) or in how these operations will be fought. Because of its risk aversion, Germany is likely to welcome the possibility to send drones rather than troops in an allied operation and may be somewhat more likely to support a multinational operation if its only contribution will be drones.

Precision agriculture has been at the cutting edge of research during the recent decade, aiming to reduce water consumption and ensure sustainability in agriculture. The proposed methodology was based on the crop water stress index (CWSI) and was applied in Greece within the ongoing research project GreenWaterDrone. The innovative approach combines real spatial data, such as infrared canopy temperature, air temperature, air relative humidity, and thermal infrared image data, taken above the crop field using an aerial micrometeorological station (AMMS) and a thermal (IR) camera installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Following an initial calibration phase, where the ground micrometeorological station (GMMS) was installed in the crop, no equipment needed to be maintained in the field. Aerial and ground measurements were transferred in real time to sophisticated databases and applications over existing mobile networks for further processing and estimation of the actual water req...

Separately, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are groundbreaking advances. At the point when we consolidate AI and IoT, we get AIoT-the artificial intelligence of things. We can consider IoT gadgets as the digital sensory method whilst AI is the brain of a framework. In this article, we are analyzing about AIoT and analyzing about the applications and real time examples of AIoT method.

In the age of new technology, who doesn't know about drones? These days there are huge improvements on drones which is leading to its high demand. Drones are now being used in different works in different fields. Here we are going to use a drone as powerline/ high transmission line inspector as the name says it "HT Inspector". Mechanical part of the drone is all similar to other drones, only the difference is their ratings. Other than this the main device used for inspection is camera. Camera in this drone is two in one camera where one gives the thermal image and other has capability of high zooming with great quality. For this video transmission to pilot, FPV system is used. For drone related information transmission telemetry is used. It comprises of 5 flight modes, 4km operating range, Realtime live footage, autopilot. 3 axis gimbal used for stabilization of video and to change the angle of camera. It has the latest m8n GPS by Ublox neo. Camera roll and pitch angle are controllable. It can do live inspection and records the footage for further inspection. This can boost the power system as inspection are quick and can be done regularly.

The enemy: Hefazatul Islam (defenders/protectors of Islam) it is called and just like our Blogger Comrades their strategies and agitation methodology have more elements of similarity than dissimilarity! Our worries peaked when these ‘pure Huzurs’ stunned us with their ultimatum to the Government that our Blogger Comrades ought to  be arrested, tried and hanged by the 6th of April 2013. Failing, they have threatened an occupation of Manik Mia Avenue, where they plan to erect an “Islamic Jagoron Moncho” with the ‘faithful’ from all over Bangladesh thronging and besieging Dhaka.

The allegations: They enemy says a) we are atheist b) we have insulted Prophet Muhammad c) we have disrespected the Holy Qur’an; apparently good enough reasons to get us hanged .

The Prediction: One can be rest assured that hundreds upon thousands of white skull caps will ride the crest of an imminent tidal bore – for the precise three points ‘championed’ by the enemy, (rightly or wrongly is a separate matter) is good enough reason to excite the passions of millions of pious – if not fanatical or fundamentalist Bengali Muslims, to take to the streets. And why do I say so?

The Pretenders: Do these hate filled so-called “defenders of Islam”, who in reality are Muslim pretenders, and are agents for murder mayhem, strife, disquiet and disorder in civic life; ever consider that attributes such as benevolence, forgiveness and mercy are also foundations of the Creators all encompassing omnipresence, in the course of human destiny? The concept of “God fearing Muslims” is a construct of hate merchants backed by Free Masonic agents, disguised in robes of religiosity, to misguide the pious and ‘religion sensitized’ masses. That this mindset of division dates back to periods of Islamic history, post the death of Prophet Muhammad, is rarely, if ever acknowledged.

The 6th April siege of Dhaka: I am glad 04/06 happened, for the purpose, attitude, appearance, and the intent of the enemy has never been clearer than now. What they have already spelt out implies a pledge to slide us back into the dark pits of medievalism, confine women to homes, perforce enforce the hijab, ban female and coeducation systems, ban music, ban fine arts, specially sculpture  and anything considered deviant or not in conformity of what in their perception is ‘Islamic’.

The 5th May crackdown on Hefazat: We get to see the likes of Allama Shafi riding insanely expensive SUVs and helicopters, while his half-fed ‘supporters’ are coaxed and threatened to join his murderous jihad on fellow Muslims, are made to endure a ‘long march’ to Dhaka? How more corrupt and vulgar can these fake ‘god men’ be? How long shall we be in fear of these so-called ‘apolitical theologians’ that are no different from sections of our corrupt politicians? And after a day spent haranguing the ‘faithful’ with screams of imaner lorai (fight/resolve of faith) where they promise in public view and that of the world, never to leave their ground, never to return home if their demands are not met, to sacrifice their blood, to become immortal shaheeds (martyrs) — and all it takes is 17 minutes of security forces action, for the ‘millions’ to flee, to literally disappear into thin air.

Drones are one of the new threats to tactical units. The armed forces use them with various successes in operations. However, the smallest tactical unit such as rifle section is generally still unprepared to operate drones and perform counter measures. Drones have a wide range of capabilities and therefore can be used for both civilian and military purposes. Along with the development of drones, counter-drone systems have also been developed. Several small drones and counter-drone systems suitable for the use by one man are presented in the first part of the research results to show that there is more than one system that can be selected for operational use. This also shows that one soldier in rifle section is capable of operating a small drone and counter-drone systems. This research has aimed to survey the organizational structure and determine organizational capabilities to implement a drone and counter-drone operator duty in rifle section. For that purpose, the research team has...

The increasing availability of aerial photography and satellite imagery offers new possibilities for characterizing river morphology. The precision of new very high resolution (VHR) images allows smaller scale objects within river corridors to be studied. High survey frequencies provide increased opportunities for the monitoring of river restoration.

Abstract The article examines perception of drone connected risks and the approval of the various purposes of the drone technology employment (rescue, traffic, security, private etc.) in Czech Republic and the opinion differences between drone users and non-users. Familiarity hypothesis, implying lower risk expectation and higher approval in the group of users, is tested in an online panel survey, concluding that user experience influences risk perception by broadening the scope of perceived possible events and contributes to the ability to evaluate risks. Further, five scenarios of precepted possible events are identified as espionage/spying, business rivalries, ideological attack, blackmailing, unintentional accident. The approval of individual modes of use is then found to be divided into two groups pattern - unlimited use and the use for public good. This division does not correspond with the users, non-users group.

After the drones are excited, they evert the endophallus, which mostly stops at partly everted stage with a slender tip at the end. The reason of the stop and the appearance of the tip is not known. There are transversal hairy folds at the ventral border of the cervix of honeybee drone endophallus. They form a duct inside the cervix. The dorsal walls of the duct come together at an acute angle and join at the summit quite tight. During partial eversion, the cervical duct appears at the end; however, its dorsal walls do not open (separate). The diameter of the duct is 0.4–0.5 mm. The bulb of the endophallus is not able to pass through such a small duct and therefore the eversion stops. Only after the pressure inside partly everted endophallus is increased sufficiently, the dorsal walls of the duct are opened, the interior of the cervix is enlarged and the bulb passes through it, which results in full eversion. The increased pressure inside the endophallus results in the semen being ejected with greater force. This is important during multiple matings of queen bees. Zum Zweck der instrumentellen Besamung wird weltweit jährlich von etwa 800 000 Drohnen Samen entnommen. Technisch gewinnt man Samen am einfachsten vom Ende des halb ausgestülpten Endophallus. Es ist jedoch völlig unklar, warum bei erregten Drohnen der Endophallus nicht bis zur vollen Länge ausgestülpt wird, sondern bereits auf halben Weg innehält. Wir untersuchten dies in der vorliegenden Studie. Reife Drohnen wurden getötet und seziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Querfalten an der ventralen Grenze des nichtausgestülpten Cervix (Abb. 8) einen Gang, den Cervicalductus, bilden (Abb. 9). Im Querschnitt laufen die dorsalen Wände in einem so spitzen Winkel zusammen, dass sie eng zusammengedrückt erscheinen (Abb. 10). Die Trennung der dorsalen Wände erfordert hohen Kraftaufwand. Abbildung 13 zeigt die Situation nachdem die dorsalen Wände auseinandergefaltet wurden. Zwei längsverlaufende Haarbänder sind auf beiden Seiten des Gangs zu finden. Innerhalb des Ductus verbinden sie sich mit den Seitenwänden und verengen sie, so dass sie nur schwer zu trennen sind. Während der teilweise Ausstülpung wird am Ende des Endophallus der Cervicalductus zwar sichtbar (Abb. 17), die dorsalen Wände öffnen (trennen) sich aber nicht. Der Durchmesser des teilweise ausgestülpten Cervicalductus beträgt nur 0,4–0,5 mm. Abbildung 19 zeigt den teilweise evertierten Endophallus nach Entfernung der Seitenwände. Innerhalb des evertierten Teils des Endophallus ist der Rest des nichtausgestülpten Ductus zu sehen, sowie der Bulbus mit den Chitinplatten. Der Durchmesse des Bulbus beträgt etwa 2 mm. Da ein solch grosser Bulbus nicht durch das dünne Ende des Ductus hindurch kann, bleibt die Ausstülpung auf halbem Wege stehen. Erst ein bedeutender Anstieg des Innendrucks innerhalb des evertierten Teils des Endophallus ist in der Lage die dorsalen Wände des Ductus auf besondere Art und Weise zu öffnen. Als erstes wird die hier beschriebene neue taschenförmige Struktur durch den Gang gedrückt, so dass eine transparente Blase am Ende des Endophallus sichtbar wird (Abb. 20). Die Tasche öffnet die Dorsalwand des Cervicalductus und erweitert dadurch den gesamten Innendurchmesser des Cervix. Nachdem der Bulbus in den evertierten Cervix gedrückt wurde, wird der Samen ejakuliert (Abb. 23). Dies ist das beste Stadium für die Samengewinnung zur instrumentellen Besamung. Ein weiterer (auf künstlichem oder natürlichem Weg herbeigeführter) Druckanstieg resultiert in der vollständige Ausstülpung des Endophallus (Abb. 25). Der kraftvolle Ausstoss des Samens ist von grosser Bedeutung, da er in die lateralen Ovidukte der Königin injiziert werden muss, die bereits Samen aus vorhergehenden Paarungen enthalten können.

This article presents results of a multi-sensor drone survey at an ancestral Wichita archaeological site in southeastern Kansas, originally recorded in the 1930s and believed by some scholars to be the location of historical “Etzanoa,” a major settlement reportedly encountered by Spanish conquistador Juan de Oñate in 1601. We used high-resolution, drone-acquired thermal and multispectral (color and near-infrared) imagery, alongside publicly available lidar data and satellite imagery, to prospect for archaeological features across a relatively undisturbed 18 ha area of the site. Results reveal a feature that is best interpreted as the remains of a large, circular earthwork, similar to so-called council circles documented at five other contemporary sites of the Great Bend aspect cultural assemblage. We also located several features that may be remains of house basins, the size and configuration of which conform with historical evidence. These findings point to major investment in the ...

Within the work, on the basis of previously obtained real components, the design, dimensioning and analysis of hexacopters were performed. The 3D virtual model was developed using the SolidWorks software package, and then the necessary stress analysis by the finite element method was performed. After 3D modeling, an analytical load calculation was performed on the hexacopter landing and take-off mechanism. During the calculation, real loads were used during the landing and take-off of the hexacopter. After the analytical calculation, a numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method, where the mechanisms for landing and taking off hexacopters were observed separately. In FEM analysis, the principal stresses at characteristic places were observed, as well as displacements or deformations on the take - off mechanism. After that, a comparison of analytical calculation and numerical (FEM) analysis of the hexacopter structure was performed. On that occasion, a good match between the results of these two methodswas established, which verified the numerical method used.

IET indexes its books and journal in SCOPUS and IEEE Xplore.
Computer Vision (CV) and Sensors play a decisive role in the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), but there exists a void when it comes to analysing the extent of their impact on the entire UAV system. In general, the fact that a UAV is a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is not taken into account. In this proposal, we propose to expand on earlier books covering the use of CV and sensing in UAVs. Among other things, an entirely autonomous UAV can help to (i) obtain information about the environment, (ii) work for an extended period of time without human interference, (iii) move either all or part of itself all over its operating location devoid of human help and (iv) stay away from dangerous situations for people and their possessions. A Vision System (VS) entails the way CV data will be utilized, the appropriate architecture for total avionics integration, the control interfaces, and the UAV operation. Since the VS core is its sensors and cameras, multi-sensor fusion, navigation, hazard detection, and ground correlation in real time are important operational aspects that can benefit from CV knowledge and technology. This book will aim to collect and shed some light on the existing information on CV software and hardware for UAVs as well as pinpoint aspects that need additional thinking. It will list standards and a set of prerequisites (or lack of them thereof) when it comes to CV deployment in UAVs. The issue of data fusion takes a centre place when the book explores ways to deal with sensor data and images as well as their integration and display. The best practices to fuse image and sensor information to enhance UAV performance by means of CV can greatly improve all aspects of the corresponding CPS. The CPS viewpoint can improve the way UAVs interact with the Internet of Things (IoT), use cloud computing, meet communications requirements, implement hardware/software paradigms necessary to handle video streaming, incorporate satellite data, and combine CV with Virtual/Augmented Realities.

VOLUME 2-DEPLOYMENT AND APPLICATIONS: This tome introduces procedures, standards, and prerequisites for the deployment of Computer Vision (CV) in UAVs from their application point of view. It discusses existing/desirable open source software tools, image banks, benchmarks, Quality of Experience (QoE), Quality of Service (QoS) and how CV can benefit from a Robot Operating System (ROS) in surveillance, remote sensing, inspection, maintenance and repair among other usages, while offering an assessment of current bottlenecks and trends. It will pave the road towards better studies on the necessity and viability of implementing collaborative environments for visualization, knowledge management and teleoperation of UAVs. This is planned to be the companion volume of Estrela, Hemanth, Saotome (Eds) / Imaging and Sensing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Volume 1-Control and Performance.

Editor(s):
Dr. Vania V. Estrela, https://www.linkedin.com/in/vania-v-estrela-96b9bb29/
Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), RJ, Brazil
[email protected]

Dr. Jude Hemanth,https://www.karunya.edu/ece/drjude.html
Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
[email protected]

Dr. Osamu Saotome, https://www.linkedin.com/in/osamu-saotome-83935818
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, CTA-ITA-IEEA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
[email protected]

CONTENTS:
1. Image Acquisition and Restoration in UAVs
2. Image Fusion in UAVs
3. Super-Resolution Imaging in UAVs
4. 2D/3D/4D Imaging in UAVs
5. Multi-view Image and ToF Sensor Fusion in UAVs
6. Range Imaging in UAVs
7. Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging in UAVs
8. Imaging Standards and UAVs
9. Virtual/Augmented Reality in UAVs
10. Collaborative Environments in UAVs
11. Archiving, Storage, and Compression in UAVs
12. Analysis, Indexing, Retrieval in UAVs
13. Multicast/Broadcast/Streaming in UAVs
14. Modelling, Simulation and UAVs
15.  Image-Oriented Estimation and Identification in UAVs
16. Open Source Software in UAVs
17. Image Banks and Benchmarks in UAVs
18. Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS) in UAVs
19. Robot Operating System (ROS) in UAVs
20. Cloud Computing in UAVs

Specification and Schedule

July 1st, 2017: Call for Chapter Abstracts
September 1, 2017: One-Page Chapter Abstract (up to 1000 words) Submission Deadline. Free style.
          A proposal must outline one of topics fromthe list above (mention its number, for instance 1. and reference PBCE120B).
November 30, 2017: Last Day for Notification of Acceptance
Jan 30, 2018: Full Chapter Submissions
March 30 2018: Review Chapter Submissions and send comments to authors
May 31, 2018: Receive revised Chapter Submissions
June 30, 2018: Notification of Final Acceptance
July 31, 2018: Gather all material, figure files and copyrights permission forms
Aug 30, 2018: Book editors to finalize introduction and conclusion chapters
Sept 15th, 2018, Delivery of full manuscript to the IET
Scheduled publication: Feb/March 2019

Readership: Graduate students and Researchers in the fields of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering, Control Systems, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Instrumentation and Measurement, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Oceanic Engineering, Safety Engineering, Reliability, Robotics and Automation, Signal Processing, Technology and Engineering Management, Environmental Engineering, Public Health Management, Non-Invasive Testing/Monitoring and Vehicular Technology.

Additional Information: Dr. Vania V. Estrela,    [email protected]
                                          Dr. Jude Hemanth,      [email protected]

The ease of use and advancements in drone technology is resulting in the widespread application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to diverse fields, making it a booming technology. Among UAVs' several applications, livestock agriculture is one of the most promising, where UAVs facilitate various operations for efficient animal management. But the field is characterized by multiple environmental, technical, economic, and strategic challenges. However, the use of advanced technological techniques like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), advanced sensors, etc., along with the assurance of animal welfare while operating the UAVs, can lead to widespread adoption of drone technology amongst livestock farmers. This paper discusses livestock management research where UAVs monitor farm animals via detection, counting, tracking animals, etc. In this article, an attempt has been made to elucidate different aspects and broader issues around livestock management while highlighting the associated challenges, opportunities, and prospects. This work is the first review paper on the subject matter with all the necessary information and analysis, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the article promises to provide interested researchers with detailed information about the field, guiding future research. INDEX TERMS Unmanned aerial vehicle, cattle, livestock management, livestock agriculture.

In addition to traditional platforms for low-level remote sensing (balloons, kites, etc.) new and more complex automated systems [unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones] have become available in the last decade. The success and market expansion of these platforms has been a driving force in the development of active and passive sensors specifically designed for UAVs. In the last few years archaeologists have started testing both platforms and sensors, particularly for the following applications: three-dimensional (3D) documentation of archaeological excavations; 3D survey of monuments and historic buildings; survey of archaeological sites and landscapes; exploratory aerial survey; and the archaeological survey of woodland areas. The scale of these applications has ranged from site-based to landscapes-based (approximately up to about 10 km 2 in extent). The role of such platforms in the archaeological survey of excavations and landscapes, and in diagnostics more generally, is of great interest and is inexorably growing.

The article presents the results of the archaeological excavations, geophysical and remote studies at the Ulak-1 settlement of the Bronze Age in Bashkir Trans-Urals. System usage of non-destructive methods (the analysis of the orthophotomaps, geodetic work, magnetometer survey) allowed to specify the structure of the settlement and to precisely localize individual elements. Altogether 27 dwelling hollows were identified. The peculiarity of the site is a radial location of the main part of dwelling hollows in the 1–2 rows inside the dyked area of the settlement. Comparison of the results of magnetic survey and archaeological studies demonstrates the high degree of proximity of the acquired data. Remains of four buildings of frame and pillar type were identified inside the excavation area. Constructions located with side walls to each other, the short southeastern wall adjoined to the base of the earthworks. Recorded in the excavation parameters and the localization of the fortification line, as well as the walls between the two complexes (No. 14-15) completely coincide with the magnetic survey data. The ceramic complex from the site characterized by the sufficient representative series of sintashta ceramics. Accompanying cultural groups were represented by vessels of the early and advanced stages of srubnaya culture. The collection of stone artifacts includes grindstones, striking and chopping tools made of coarse-grained rocks. The conducted researches made it possible to obtain objective data on the structure and composition of the cultural layer and reliably relate the settlement of Ulak-1 to the Sintashta-Arkaim circle of sites. Thus, providing the foundation to move the western border of the distribution area of the tradition of the circular settlements construction to the right bank of the Ural River to the foothills and intermountain valleys of the Irendyk ridge in the Bashkir Trans-Ural region.

The flight of a quadcopter drone, readily available as a toy, is analyzed using simple physics concepts. A smartphone with built-in accelerometer and gyroscope was attached to the drone to register the accelerations and angular velocities along the three spatial axis while the drone is taking off, landing or rotating. The vertical speed, the height and one of the angular coordinates are obtained through numerical integration of the acceleration values and compared with information provided by the manufacturer. The analysis of these quantities provides an opportunity to gain insight into important physics concepts involving Newton laws and conservation principles in a stimulating environment.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently attracted many researchers' attention because of their extensive applications. Security issues, in particular, are a serious concern in such networks since the top-secret information exchanged between UAVs is susceptible to various attacks such as Sybil, blackhole, and Flooding attacks. To identify such malicious UAVs that threaten the connections between normal UAVs, we introduce an impermeability method called SID-UAV that works at the level of UAV-to-UAV. The SID-UAV method, by employing a self-adaptive system, discovers the most reliable route from origin to destination. This approach deals with finding the malicious UAV and selecting the most reliable routes in several phases, including the route discovery phase, the decision-making phase, the attacker counter phase, and the knowledge database phase by using multi-module methods and applying Human Immune System (HIS). In the SID-UAV method, three main modules are intended: route...

Rob Sparrow raises some valid concerns and objections to my article ‘Drones and the Martial Virtue Courage’; I am very grateful for his taking the time to do so. I should also add that Sparrow was gracious enough to read an earlier draft of my article; his comments and criticism have been invaluable. I am especially appreciative to the editors at the Journal of Military Ethics for offering the space in which to provide a reply to Sparrow’s commentary. Instead of attempting an exhaustive blow-by-blow defense of my arguments, I will focus on two interconnected key issues. Sparrow’s central objection to my argument is that I fail to demonstrate that drone operators can cultivate and exercise martial courage. While Sparrow concedes that I show successfully that drone operators face risks, and that courage may even be required to do so, he contends that I am incorrect in concluding that this courage is of the martial type. As Sparrow argues, ‘While drone operators may fight wars, they don’t “go to war”, and while they may kill people, they do not engage in combat [...]. For this reason, the courage they display does not appear to be an especially “martial” courage’ (Sparrow 2015b: 224). Consequently, Sparrow and I converge on a narrow area of agreement: drone operators may be able to cultivate and exercise types of courage, but where we disagree is on the central questions of whether this courage is martial and whether drone operators actually engage in combat. Sparrow notes rightly that the kinds of risks drone operators face, and the corollary types of courage needed to face these risks, are different from other warfighters. Sparrow begins by observing that drone operators typically operate drones from relatively safe environments and that drone operators face substantially less physical risks than most combatants. It is important to note that despite the commonly held view that US combat drones are flown almost exclusively from the relative safety and comfort of the US, many drones (just how many remains an elusive figure) are operated by soldiers stationed at bases outside of the US, some of which are located in potentially hostile territory or active war zones (Turse 2011). It is, then, possible that more drone operators than we commonly think are, in fact, subject to physical risk and thus may be required to have physical courage. But to be fair, the central concern of my article is whether combat drone operators who are physically removed from the battlespace can develop and exercise the martial virtue courage. Sparrow begins his commentary by agreeing with me (although with

Separately, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are groundbreaking advances. At the point when we consolidate AI and IoT, we get AIoT-the artificial intelligence of things. We can consider IoT gadgets as the digital sensory method whilst AI is the brain of a framework. In this article, we are analyzing about AIoT and analyzing about the applications and real time examples of AIoT method.