Design and Emotion

Body posture and movements play a key role in the expression and recognition of emotions during social interactions. Such signals have been used for the prediction of emotions, both when considering discrete affective labels and affective dimensions. In this work we explore how posture and movements information of the human arm can be obtained from the robot onboard sensing in order to discriminate the affective states of the human in physical Human-Robot-Interaction scenarios. Specifically we focus on the Potency dimension of the affective state, that provides information about the sense of control in situated interaction contexts. Our envisaged application scenario is assistive robotics for eldercare.

While basic design principles tend to be visually oriented, a user-centred design perspective focuses on the product experience and hence is multi-sensory. Moreover, the sensory qualities of products can relate to perceived product personalities. This paper describes a pilot investigation in a design principles course. We used an existing product personality tool for evaluating perceptions associated with a number of small mechanical everyday products. Initially students explored links between visual qualities of products and meanings and emotional responses derived from them. Subsequently, they observed participants’ multi-sensory experiences with the same products with the objective of understanding the differences in perception between purely visual experiences and other sensory layers of human-object interactions. The paper concludes that tactile and auditory sensory design attributes contribute additional and sometimes different meanings, emotional responses, and interactions t...

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This article presents a kansei design methodology. It is placed at the very beginning of the design process and aims to influence the following steps in order to improve the user’s understanding and experiencing of the designed product. The experimentation combines in a subtle way the design thinking approach of learning by doing and the kansei engineering quantitative approach. The research presented is based on the results of a previous study that defined the semantic and emotional scope of future hybrid cars for European using visual stimuli. Building on this scope this kansei design methodology creates and assesses multisensory atmospheres is order to provide tangible direction composed of vision, touch, hearing and smell stimuli. From the cognitive and affective responses of the 42 participants we were able to detail 3 directions for future cars interiors that aim to enrich the styling design briefs and to influence the design strategies such as the management of the different ...

Encontrar meios para conhecer quem é e o que deseja o usuário é uma tarefa importante e necessária para o Design. Entre a pesquisa de dados e o projeto propriamente dito existe um momento importante, que é quando o designer analisa e assimila a informação, elabora conexões e traça sua estratégia projetual. Neste sentido a contribuição da Psicologia Cognitiva vem sendo reconhecida como relevante por disponibilizar bases para uma melhor compreensão sobre as predisposições do usuário. Um de seus recursos é o Perfil de Concerns, documento organizado pelo designer para reconhecer, interpretar e estruturar as necessidades do usuário com o objetivo prático de encaminhá-las como diretrizes de projeto. Mesmo que traga um olhar mais qualificado a esta questão do usuário, este recurso não observa sua ordem de prioridades, ficando ao cargo do designer deliberar neste processo quais necessidades serão contempladas no projeto. Assim, se o designer não tem o que lhe aponte o que é mais ou menos im...

Merhaba Brawl Stars hayranları! Bugün sizlere oyunun en yeni ve heyecan verici brawleri Clancy'den bahsedeceğim. Clancy, Brawl Stars evrenine yeni katılan bir Mythic brawler ve gerçekten dikkat çekici özelliklere sahip. Clancy Kimdir? Clancy, deniz kabuklusu temalı bir karakterdir ve oyunda yüksek hasar potansiyeline sahip bir Damage Dealer olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Clancy'nin en dikkat çekici özelliği, maç sırasında saldırı ve süper yeteneklerini yükseltebilmesidir. Bu özellik, onu oyunun ilerleyen aşamalarında daha da güçlü kılar. Clancy

La conversacion constituye un genero discursivo especifico cuya interpretacion textual se lleva a cabo, contra toda logica, desafiando ciertas normas discursivas. El exito de su interpretacion radica en una serie de presuposiciones e inferencias que pueden parecer incongruentes desde una perspectiva estrictamente normativa. La complejidad cognitiva que supone la interpretacion de la conversacion espontanea, confronta al traductor profesional con dos textos (el de partida y el de llegada) que no solo difieren en la lengua, en la estructura semantica o en las reglas sintacticas, sino tambien en los usos pragmaticos, en los referentes culturales y en los habitos sociales de interpretacion. Estas reflexiones sobre la traduccion de los intercambios verbales parten de las investigaciones sobre la conversacion realizadas por linguistas y sociolinguistas como Labov (1972 y 1978), Gumperz (1989), Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1987, 1994 y 1996) y Briz (1998 y 2000), entre otros. A nuestro entender, de...

Este estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática da literatura que objetiva análise de concerns dos usuários em artigos sobre o desenvolvimento de cadeiras de rodas publicados internacionalmente no período entre 2007 e 2021. A análise dos artigos baseia-se no conhecimento das áreas das publicações, das metodologias empregadas nos projetos e na forma de obtenção dos concerns e tipologia dos mesmos. Ao final, foi possível perceber a importância dada aos aspectos técnicos e ergonômicos das cadeiras de rodas em detrimento do valor estético e simbólico de tais produtos, o que interfere na aceitação e identificação do usuário para com o produto.

The automotive interior, a product that is currently part of the life of the great majority of the inhabitants of the planet, is designed to foster the perception of comfort, luxury, domain and pleasant emotions. However one must question whether it is possible that the materials used in these environments, such as polymeric fabrics, leather, foam and glass can influence the well-being of drivers and passengers of these cars. Thus, this research aims to evaluate, with the look of the design for well-being associated with product design, which are subjective notions of comfort, discomfort, emotions and well-being of people during their own interactions with materials and components used in automotive interiors. With this aim, it was applied qualitative and quantitative questionnaires with a group of 200 university students from engineering, psychology and design of the city of Porto Alegre. Even it was measured pressure and temperature distributions existing at the interface of an automotive seat during the seated position with the aid of pressure measurement sensors and infrared imager in order to investigate the relationship of these data with the responses from the questionnaires. It was concluded that the participants of this study judged the interior of popular vehicles as clean, good-looking, luxurious, easy to drive, contributing to their perception of comfort. On the other hand, there was a mild discomfort and low pressure body contact with the seats. The emotions experienced in these cases were considered more pleasant than unpleasant, but the occupants did not believe that this contributed to their well-being, even when they thought their lives as moderately to very satisfactory during the research. It was concluded with the data collected that, the interior design of popular vehicles only favours comfort, reduces discomfort and contributes to pleasant emotions but not necessarily contributes to the well-being of its occupants. Therefore, to help designers of reduced environments, a methodology has been suggested as a tool for implementation and evaluation of design variables related to comfort, discomfort, emotions and wellbeing .

The  book  ‘Handbook  of  Game-Based  Learning’  is  a  fundamental  work  in  its  field.  It  provides  a  systematic  and  detailed  insight  into  the  theoretical  foun-dations,  the  state  of  the  art  in  the  field,  guidelines for research, considerations on design  principles,  and  examples  of  good  practice  in  the  use  of  educational  games  in  different  subject  areas.  Unlike  other  books  focusing  on  game  development  or  best practices, ‘Handbook of Game-Based Learning’  stands  out  for  its  reliance  on  empirical  evidence  and  its  foundation  in  psychological  and  learning  sciences  theory....

The series "Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing" contains publications on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft computing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuroscience, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems, Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric computing, recommender systems, intelligent control, robotics and mechatronics including human-machine teaming, knowledge-based paradigms, learning paradigms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia. The publications within "Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing" are primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and worldwide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results.

در فلسفه تحلیلی و مباحث تفکر انتقادی  قاعده ای موسوم به حسن نیت یا نیک اندیشی وجود دارد که در تفسیر متون و سخن طرف مقابل مورد توجه قرار می گیرد و مطابق با آن می بایست سعی شود، سخن و نوشته مخاطب را در معقولانه ترین و بهترین صورت ممکن تفسیر و نقل کرد. شاید بتوان وجود این اصل در آثار یک متفکر را دلیل بر انصاف علمی وی دانست. یکی از لوازم این رویکرد می تواند حسن قبول ناظران نسبت به تحلیل های آن متفکر و رو آوری به شنیدن و خواندن بیانات وی باشد چنانکه در چنین رویکردی است که می توان امید داشت که در تبیین و نقد دیدگاه مخالف، از مغالطه معروف به پهلوان پنبه پرهیز شده است. مساله این مقاله، بررسی اصل، میزان و حدود و ثغور پایبندی حکیم سبزواری به قاعده حسن نیت و نقش آن در انجذاب طالبان و معلمان فلسفه در مواجهه با  آثار وی می باشد و برای این منظور، به طور موردی شرح منظومه ایشان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.  نتیجه این بررسی نشان داد که می توان نمونه های بسیاری سراغ گرفت که وی کوشیده است به انصاف علمی و نیک اندیشی در خصوص قول دیگران که مقتضای اصل مذکور است، پایبند باشد. به عنوان نمونه در مباحثی همچون نظریه شبح در مبحث وجود ذهنی یا قول به نظریه صیرورت و اتصاف در  مبحث جعل و... پس از نقل دیدگاه مخالفین و گذر از تفسیر مشهوری که از آنها صورت گرفته، بیان می کند که نامتعارف بودن این اقوال نباید مجوز شتابزدگی در نقد آنها شود و چه بسا ورای ظاهر قابل نقد آن، مقصود و تفسیر قوی تری بتوان از آنها ارائه نمود و در این راستا می کوشد معقولانه و منصفانه ترین تبیین ممکن از آنها را ارائه نماید.

Innovation and creativity seem to be mere buzzwords, but the quest for innovation and creativity by game companies is very real. This Ph.D. dissertation suggests adopting a new p erspective on these concepts by abandoning a managerial attitude and favoring a design approach. The design process of video games is understudied, and this research aims to create a model of video game design activity, using the already existing Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

Design education is like a coach or apprentice system that involves ‘learning by doing.’ Students need to spend a significant amount of time working on real design problems, but in this process, they experience many learning problems, Time management issues and academic pressure is most common (Chen & Tang, 2011, pp. 43–52). The research study is focuses on design students’ both positive and negative emotions that has an impact on their creative process. Students who pursue a degree in design learn not just the fundamentals of design but also the ins and outs of the industry. Studies published in Creativity reveal that designers’ stress and emotional state significantly impact their ability to come up with novel solutions to problems. However, the concepts of emotional tension, Academic stress, and its connections to the creative process of design students ‘remains as a gap to study.

This thesis examines the evidently different ways of understanding design students’ positive and negative emotions during the design process, and how to aid in regulating their own emotions and stress. The main objectives are to explore ‘how do design students cope with emotions and its impact on their creative process?’. Qualitative research was used in gathering and analysing the data to understand design process and emotional related experiences of design students. The population in this study was design students from design BA and MA programs primarily from communication design. Semi-structured voice-call interviews were conducted with each participant. The study aims to raise awareness among design students regarding their experiences with emotions and stress in design process

This paper examines the effects of the textual (headline, body copy and typography) and visual (image) elements of print advertising on the emotional responses of an audience. Six web-based experiments were carried out to determine the causal relationships between elements of print advertisements and viewers’ emotional responses. Data were collected from 105 respondents and Crisp Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) was undertaken. Results indicate that viewers were emotionally affected by the textual and visual elements of the advertisements. Moreover, the emotional responses were multivalent, indicating that people experience emotional ambiguity while viewing ads.

Search for innovation, from a socioeconomic point of view, has been an interesting area of study for many fields – including Design. Traditionally focused on form and function, now the Design research field has targeted the experience (aesthetic, symbolic and emotional) as one of its main topics. This challenge becomes more complex when we try to understand the emotional values and meanings that can possibly coexist within a utilitarian type of product. Therefore, this article studied the sugar and its emotional values by using the laddering technique along with stimuli application during the interviews. We will conclude that there's potential to achieve innovation if we can establish attachment bonds and improve the contexts of user experience.

(2001), graduada pela Esdi/Uerj (1996) e mestre em Design pela PUC-Rio (1998). Atualmente é docente do Mestrado em Design na UFPR, vice-coordenadora da graduação em design. É Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq (PQ 2), e seu principal interesse é voltado às áreas de Interação Humano-Computador e Usabilidade, com ênfase em Ergonomia e Design da Informação. Stephania é parecerista de diversos eventos em design em nível nacional e internacional, com publicação em periódicos reconhecidos como International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, revistas Estudos em Design e Design em Foco. Também é membro da diretoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Design da Informação (SBDI) e do corpo editorial da InfoDesign.

Despite the abundance of methods and models, the design research is still often entangled in concepts irrelevant to design practice. This paper rethinks the discourse of design research and the evolving role of a designer. The most important attempts to build a design as an academic discipline are mentioned, along with research communities that are operating in the field of design. Art-and-design-based approach in design research in Donald Schön’s works on architecture and design practice, rises the importance of sketches in the creative idea generation. Implementing sketching techniques into the cultural probes, as one of an art-and-design-based research method, opens up ways to innovative design solutions. This paper discusses the relationship between the method and sketching in the context of the case study “When Nobody Sees”. Sketching is discussed as an art-based tool for problem-setting.

Mapping is an ancient subject in Islamic civilization. The geographical maps of the Islamic period have always been analyzed from the perspective of geography and history, but they didn't receive enough attention in aspect of textual and visual aesthetics. This study aimed to determine the visual features and properties of the Islamic geographic maps, focusing on Masalik and Mamalik manuscripts preserved in Malik National Library and Museum. The method of research is analytical-descriptive and necessary information has been collected by desk research. The findings from the research shows: (1) the visual elements of these maps are simplified to display geographical regions and phaenomena; (2) these elements have been affected by not only preceding and contemporary miniature schools, but also basic principles of Balkhī mapping school. Considering their principles of representation and drawing, these maps can be considered as former versions of the current maps.

Due to its various meaning, the concept of “unity” is used with different aspects within urban design so-called vocabulary. Despite this extent of use, this concept and its multiple and various aspects is not studied properly. On the other hand, most of existing studies about “unity” are undertaken by western approaches while it seems that this concept should be interpretate from devine revelation. According to these statements, this study gives a typology of definitions proposed by experts about “unity” and the way they applied it to urban design. The recognition between these diverse approaches relation is made through descriptive-analytical methods. Finally, after exploring the Quran's attitude toward unity (according to the Tadabbor method), it is compared with other definitions and approaches. According to Quran’s attitude, perfect unity could be reached just by the accordance and compatibility of three systems, named: “active system of causes” (refer to active cause in philosophy), “inner system of causes” and “ultimate system of causes”. Other approaches to unity which are classified into nine types, usually focus on just one or two of these systems. This shows the lack of comprehensiveness of “unity” concept and the importance of the three condition of unity system throughout urban design.

Introducción: El marketing sensorial es una táctica cada vez más popular del marketing, comúnmente en los establecimientos comerciales, con el objetivo de captar la atención de los consumidores y fidelizarlos. Numerosos comercios intentan atraer a los consumidores al interior de los establecimientos e invitarles así a comprar utilizando diferentes actividades sensoriales. Objetivo: A través del presente estudio, se pretende analizar las estrategias de marketing sensorial de las tiendas de jamón y especialmente las empleadas por Viandas Hacienda Zorita, para tratar de comprender así los motivos que llevan a esta empresa a destacar como tienda especializada en la venta de jamón en España. Metodología: El estudio comprende la implementación y análisis de técnicas de investigación tanto cualitativas como cuantitativas como ser la técnica de la observación, entrevistas a expertos y la aplicación de una encuesta a 150 consumidores españoles. Resultados: Se resalta el uso del marketing sen...

Original scientific paper This study investigates the effects of universal and specific characteristics of typefaces with combined method-through comparison of the results of digital analysis and subjects' responses to binary images stimuli. Results point to the dependency of the response in relation to the isolated characteristic of the universal structure. In other words, with the combined method in this study we disclose that certain attributes are assigned to typefaces in accordance with their matching or mismatching to the universal structure. The findings open the question of the functionality of existing classifications, and the need of redefining the old, or establishing the new classification systems of typefaces.

Practitioners and scholarly researchers agree that different typefaces have different personas. Document design, which is largely dependent on the use of different typefaces, stems from the content of the verbal text and the purpose of the text is expressed through typography. In an age of electronic information set in microcosmic structure, possibilities we have come to face present freedom to modify and manipulate visual attributes of a ocument with software packages. This practice has given the opportunity to many untrained people to become publishers and active users of type and often times this practice is directed without understanding the principles of document design and the very notion of the intended perception of type’s persona. The relevance of typeface persona is an important aspect of technical or any other document that has its intended audience. Therefore, by choosing the appropriate typeface, communicators can determine the visual tone and character of the text. Thi...

Humans use very sophisticated ways of bodily emotion expression combining facial expressions, sound, gestures and full body posture. Like others, we want to apply these aspects of human communication to ease the interaction between robots and users. In doing so we believe there is a need to consider what abstraction of human social communicative behaviors is appropriate for robots. The study reported in this paper is a pilot study to not offer simulated emotion but to offer an abstracted robot version of emotion expressions and an evaluation to what extent users interpret these robot expressions as the intended emotional states. To this end, we present the mobile, mildly humanized robot Daryl, for which we created six motion sequences that combine human-like, animal-like, and robot-specific social cues. The results of a user study (N=29) show that despite the absence of facial expressions and articulated extremities, subjects' interpretation of Daryl's emotional states were congruent with the abstracted emotion display. These results demonstrate that abstract displays of emotion that combine human-like, animal-like, and robot-specific modalities could in fact be an alternative to complex facial expressions and will feed into ongoing work identifying robot-specific social cues. "A socially interactive robot must send signals to the human in order to: (1) provide feedback of its internal state; (2) allow humans to interact in a facile, transparent manner." Many robots that operate in human inhabited environments do not possess sophisticated facial or gestural feature capabilities. This may be due to technical

We strongly believe retail design is becoming a discipline in its own right. Today, the growth of digital technology asks for new ways of retailing. The intertwining of retail and society makes it challenging for retailers to stay relevant in relation to the consumers changing habits. Fitch believed that 'shopping is the purpose of life' (Fitch, 2012). His belief shifted the way all stakeholders in retail thought about what retail and retail design should be about. By recognising that retail design is more than just designing a store's interior, Fitch set the tone in creating a discipline that crossed over various disciplines, and incorporated retail design and architecture, alongside product and packaging design. Today, the discipline is changing again under the pressure of the digital evolution and changing consumer (Christiaans & Almendra, 2012). Retailers today should extend their business with an omni-channel approach. Retailers are in urge to create seamless brand ...

This paper presents a method triangulation approach for evaluating emotional aspects of the User Experience (UX) of in-vehicle systems, in a naturalistic driving setting. A within subjects design with 36 participants was used. The methods that were part of the triangulation were the Self Assessment Manikin (S.A.M.), a five point Likert scale survey, and a question of preference. Results indicate that a triangulation approach improves the quality of the emotional evaluation results by providing industry experts an in-depth look into different aspects of the user's experience.

This paper presents a method triangulation approach for evaluating emotional aspects of the User Experience (UX) of in-vehicle systems, in a naturalistic driving setting. A within subjects design with 36 participants was used. The methods that were part of the triangulation were the Self Assessment Manikin (S.A.M.), a five point Likert scale survey, and a question of preference. Results indicate that a triangulation approach improves the quality of the emotional evaluation results by providing industry experts an in-depth look into different aspects of the user's experience.

Empathizing with users, many authors argue, is especially important in assistive product design, and participatory design is, amongst other things, highly efficient in eliciting designer-user empathy. However, participatory design demands expenses and resources which are not always available. This paper describes a workshop with graduating design students in which alternative methods were devised and combined to foster designer-user empathy. The methods were found to have been successful both in empathy eliciting and, furthermore, in raising students' sense of social responsibility, and are thus presented as a possible alternative to tackle, to some extent, the concerns associated to the use of participatory design.

This article is about Shiraz Style of Turkman painting School that assembled in the milieus of royal courts of PirBudaq AqQuyunlu and Sultan Khalil QaraQuyunln. Shiraz remained an important center of Book Arts during the Turkman dominion. The transition from the Timurids to the Turkman governors was relatively peaceful. Despite basic similarities of form and intention, Shiraz Style was conceptualized in widely different ways. Over time the aesthetic conception of Shiraz Style underwent a dramatic change under Turkman governors. Although Shiraz Style of Turkman painting school preserve works of art that are often at some remove from normative Persianate visual culture (normativity defined through the Arts of the book and painting), the importance of Shiraz Style is not only its salvage of unique materials. The Shiraz Style opens a window onto a landscape thought about the history, artists and media of the Persianate art tradition. Because the accumulated processes of Shiraz Style constitute nothing less than an articulation of the principles of art aesthetics, it presents an opportunity to study such ideas from inside the artistic culture of Persian painting. After death of Baysunghur and his father Shahrukh, many artists and practitioners sought patronage at other courts or Iran , in Shiraz , Isfahan , and Tabriz ,where they found willing patrons (among them PirBudaq in Shiraz and Yaqub Bey in Tabriz). The Timurid workshop’s achievements were probably acquired by one Turkman confederation at a time when the city of Herat was captured, such as the occupation of Jahanshah in862 H. ; period of occupation might also for the mechanism by which other productions and artists of Herat found way from Herat to center and western Iran ,particularly Shiraz . For example, Shaikh Mahmud Heravi began his artistic life in Yimurid Herat and then came into Pir Budaq court, after the Qara Quyunlu occupied Herat in 862H.; the core group of materials in Turkman court comes from eastern Iran (Herat), but it is combined with large quantities of paintings, drawings, and calligraphers made by practitioners under Turkmans. Materials produced at Shiraz under Tuarkman dominion are identifiable through the honorifics appended to calligrapher’s signatures. Pir Budaq must have found the workshops Shiraz painting school functioning, because the Shiraz style of Timurid era continued to be in the manuscripts of the860 and 863H.; these two manuscripts produced for Pir Budaq. Each has a medallion (Shamsa) on its opening folio with inscriptions indicating that it was produced for Pir Budaq library (Kitabkhana). The first is copy of divan of Katibi, copied by Abd al Rahman Khawarazmi, dated 860H., and the second copy of the divan of Qasim copied by Shaikh Mahmud Pir Budaqi, dated 863H. Both have binding and illumination of the highest quality without any illustration. Since Sultan Khalil Aq Quyunlu was then governor of Shiraz, the Shiraz Style must have been completed, suggesting that Sutan Khalil had taken over Pir Budaq library (Kitabkhana) in Shiraz.

Many written documents and illustrations left from Ilkhanid period (medieval era) which called Tabriz school in art history studies. Tabriz school was flourished in the reign of Qazan Khan. Ilkhanid illustration covered various subjects like: historical, religious narrations, scientific and mythical issues. Main reason of historiography in Ilkhanid period could be, their interest in recording the conquests and tribal honors. These material considered as an important tools or medium for cultural and social studies of special period. One of interesting aspect of these studies is gender analysis. Pictures are full of symbols and signs which indicate to gender issue, specially placement or position of men or women in architectural elements. This position can show social level or importance of each gender in the society. This paper attempts to find out new ways of understanding relations among gendered Spaces in Ilkhanid period through analyzing the illustrations regarding to historical manuscripts. To this aim, Henry Lefebvre theories in Production of space considered as a base of study.  Production of space is a concept which introduced by him means that space is a social product that defines all social and political relationships. From his point of view visual products or works can set in the “representation space” class which point to the symbolic aspect of space. Two different class of written documents will consider: The Great Mongol Shahnameh included national epics and mythical history of ancient Iran and Jāmi’ al-tawārīkh is a narration of Mongol history. Methodology is based on two points: chronologically and classification of the objects. After Mongol invasion two ideological conversations happened in Iran between two different nomad and urban societies, Islamic rules alongside of Yasa. Lifestyle of Mongol was based on Yasa rules and nomadic method. Presence of man and woman in this society was equal. Unlike urban lifestyle with Islamic rules and urban spaces of social activities like Bazar or even in private spaces like palaces emphasized on limitations of presence of woman. Through this research, the conflictions and difference of gendered relations in Ilkhans era will come to the light. Illustrations of Mongol history selected from Jāmi’ al-tawārīkh manuscript from The Diez Albums. The Great Mongol Shahnameh miniatures scattered in different museums. Through analyzing the illustrations, two main spaces distinguished: Mongolian yurts and urban space. Moreover, other various public and private spaces depicted in these miniatures. As a result of the survey on representations of space and gender: on the illustrations of history of the Mongols, the role of women in various places is much more notable and bold. It shows women roles as a same level with men in all social activities. Whereas in the illustrations of Iranian history women depicted mostly as an observers of a scene and just looking out from the window frames. Also some other architectural elements like porch (Ivan), curtain and attic windows shows the presence of women. Indeed, the urban spaces and constructions represent gender segregation more than camp spaces or yurts.

Accumulating evidence indicates that game-based learning is emotionally charged. However, little is known about the nature of emotions in game-based learning. We extended previous game-based learning research by examining epistemic emotions and their relations to flow experience and situational interest. Sixty-eight 15-18-year-old students played the Antidote COVID-19 game for 25 min. Epistemic emotions, flow, and situational interest were measured after the playing session. These measures indicated that the game engaged students. Students reported significantly higher intensity levels of positive epistemic emotions (excitement, surprise, and curiosity) than negative epistemic emotions (boredom, anxiety, frustration, and confusion). The co-occurrence network analyses provided insights into the relationship between flow and situational interest. We found an asymmetrical pattern of the "situational interest-flow" co-occurrence. When situational interest occurred, the flow was always co-occurring. This co-occurrence suggests that situational interest could be a prerequisite or a potential trigger for flow experience but not an adequate state ensuring a high flow experience. Further, flow and situational interest co-occurred mainly with positive epistemic emotions. The findings imply that flow and situational interest are similar constructs and share several characteristics. The study also demonstrated that epistemic emotions, flow, and situational interest can be used as proxies of engagement. Implications of the findings are discussed.

The paper focuses on the emotional aspect of the driving experience. An experiment studying emotions during interaction between driver and vehicle interface in a natural driving situation was conducted. The aim was to identify aspects that affected the driving experience in a positive or negative manner. A triangulation method comprising interviews, observations and think-aloud protocols were used. Participants were required to drive around a specified route while interacting with the vehicle interface. They were interviewed before and after driving to identify their emotional state. During the drive they were asked to perform particular tasks with the interface as well as conduct a think-aloud protocol about their emotions while performing the tasks. Findings showed that emotions during interaction in low-traffic contexts did not impact the overall experience, while emotions elicited in high-traffic context influenced the overall emotional experience perceived. In addition, drivers...

With the paradox of interactive emotion as a starting point, this study will try to understand what is the cause for this limitation of video games' emotional power, identifying some requirements for it to be overcome. Through this singling out, the concept of disempowerment is drafted as a model for theoretical inquiry, critical counterpoint and set of practices that stand opposed to the forces that go through, define and are themselves firmed on the diverse layers of the interactive experience. Beyond trying to grasp the emotional potential yet to realize and how the rupture with the established and expected practices may unlock it, the proposal of the disempowerment model will overflow the inside of the game experience. From its construction within a game to its use on discourse about video games, its importance on broader and interwoven dynamics will be highlighted. All along the way, a critical proposal will gain shape, which will seek to, cyclically, magnify video game's power as a medium of experiences and the power of the medium as a cultural object.

This paper questions the advantages of the design thinking approach to the brands through a holistic examination of the CX in the physical space. It analyses the CX management process of an important wholesale and retail market chain brand in Turkiye using the first three steps (discovery, identification and development) of the Double Diamond Design Model (DDDM). Different customer needs are identified to create future services and experiences that will determine further improvements in the design of a retail interior. The opportunities and solutions developed via DDDM, reveal the potential of design thinking for brands seeking empathy and innovation in their retail interiors.

It is still not fully clear how particular aromas in wine may affect consumers' liking and emotional responses, and whether these change in different contexts and seasons. Therefore, a study was conducted with 3000 regular wine consumers from Australia, UK and USA using an online survey that assessed liking for 59 wine aromas, and from which 9 aromas, selected as representatives of groups of similar aromas, were profiled for elicited emotions by the ScentMove™ scale. The most liked wine aromas across all countries were 'berry-like', followed by 'vanilla', 'chocolate', 'citrus-like' and 'honey'. Interestingly, aromas with the same liking rating displayed significantly different emotional profiles which seemed to drive differences in preferred consumption occasion and season. For example, highly liked 'passionfruit', associated with happy, relaxed and romantic emotions, were suitable for many occasions and seasons, 'lemon' evoking energetic feelings was

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Emotions in the context of UX are generally evaluated in regard to product appearance and sensorial experience. The use of virtual reality can be a way to study UX in consumer products. We want to evaluate if we could increase emotional responses using a virtual reality immersive system. For that purpose, we used the GAPED picture database and compared valence and arousal ratings of GAPED and those obtained using virtual reality. Results showed that arousal was higher in virtual reality for all images, and valence was negatively extreme for images of living creatures usually associated with phobias (spiders and snakes). Nonetheless being this is a pilot study, we conclude that there is a tendency for Virtual Reality to increase emotional responses.

The objective of this paper is to formalize and enrich the relation between user experience and interaction. Both a State of the Art and an Empirical Study are presented along this paper. It results in a theoretical model of design information that formalizes and highlights key principles of the interdependency between user experience and interaction in early design. The research is situated within a long-term work on Kansei design and later on Experience Design in the Kansei Design Division of Toyota Motor Europe. The method we used to conduct the empirical study consists in evaluating the cognitive and affective impacts of two user experiences and four interactive prototypes on 30 participants. In so doing, we highlighted key principles of interdependency presented as notions of consistency; temporality; intertwining; complementarity and immersibility. Such research aims to develop and strengthen an in-depth understanding of interaction from a user experience point of view, in order to make available different tools and methodologies for interaction's creation and evaluation. This research can be of value for both researchers in cognitive psychology, user experience, interaction design, kansei design or design of emotions, and for designers, engineers or ergonomist from the industrial world.

The study is a survey of financial challenges faced by small contractors in western region. The study is inspired by common business failures witnessed among this class of business in western region.The identified challenges are unique to small contractors in the western region .This study is vital to the Governments policy formulation and implementation in the SME sector and specifically small contractors. Financial institutions will gain from the study by appreciating the challenges related to them and put up measures to avoid them and support the small contractors. The small contractors themselves will mirror their situation through the report and put up corrective measures so as to ensure thai their businesses continue to a going concern perpetually. The main objective of the study was to determine such challenges that are experienced by the small contractors in western region. The data used in the study was primary data collected directly from the contractors. The contractors w...

How is organizing accomplished in contexts that require coordination to be balanced with creative freedom? The paper addresses this question by building on literature that highlights the active role of objects in coordination and organizing processes as well as the recent turn to visual objects in organization studies. Using empirical data from a design process in artistic perfumery, the paper shows how independent actors and their subproducts are coordinated by means of a visual mood board that is able to maintain plurality while also having a directing and aligning effect. We discuss the potential of mood boards as an example of the wider phenomenon of aesthetic objects, connecting senses and emotion and providing a link across people in the creative industries and elsewhere.

O presente artigo visa apresentar uma proposta de validação preliminar em um protótipo de handbike. O teste foi ponderado na avaliação a partir do seu comparativo com a literatura técnica. Como complemento, realizou-se um teste preliminar (pré-teste) envolvendo a situação real de uso por parte de usuários em potencial, considerando pessoas com deficiência e sem deficiência, com experiência e sem experiência. No geral, observou-se que há a necessidade de alguns ajustes quanto ao design, como por exemplo: dimensionamento antropométrico, biomecânica da empunhadura do guidão e possibilidade de alternância de posturas quando do acionamento do guidão para o seu deslocamento. Destaca-se, ainda, o fato de que os testes preliminares apontaram para uma percepção positiva em relação ao seu uso, com níveis de satisfação elevados por parte dos sujeitos participantes, principalmente dos usuários com deficiência.

While cognitive models of the design process have long dominated, many design innovation approaches advocate the importance of exploring affective concepts such as emotion, meaning and lived experiences in the creation of innovations. We suggest the capacity to think abstractly-to question, make connections and broaden understanding based on affect and meaning-is a fundamental skill for the abductive problem solving characteristic of expert designers. There are, however, few tools to promote questioning and reflection based on affect within the design innovation process. We see a need for such tools in design innovation workshops, particularly for non-designers who are less experienced with this type of thinking. We prototype a novel creativity tool for exploring affect within design innovation processes. It utilizes Affect Control Theory's dictionaries of affective meanings for social events to explore affective space. The dictionaries contain standardized affective ratings for a range of concepts. These ratings allow the linking of concepts that have similar affective properties. The initial creativity tool prototype is illustrated within Dorst's (2015) Frame Creation design innovation method. We envisage the tool being one tool among a range used for the analysis of themes and the development of frames within design innovation processes.