DIccionarios De Griego Antiguo

Behind the New Testament lexicons of today lies a tradition dating back to the sixteenth century. Its true characteristics are not well known to most users. This book aims not only to give a history of the tradition but also to demonstrate its less satisfactory features, namely dependence on predecessors, the influence of translations, and methodological shortcomings. Besides offering criticism, the author suggests new goals that New Testament lexicography could set itself in the twenty-first century.

"The Etymologicum Symeonis is an important Byzantine dictionary, which was compiled in the first half of the twelfth century. It has been transmitted in two redactions: Etym. Sym. proper, and Magna Grammatica. The latter is a version of the Etym. Symeonis that has been enlarged, around the middle of the thirteenth century, on the basis of the Etymologicum Magnum. The first redaction is preserved in two manuscripts and the second in three mss. This edition of letters Γ–Ε is based upon a meticulous collation of the five manuscripts and also on a study of the primary sources used by the compiler of this dictionary (the unpublished Etym. Genuinum, Etym. Gudianum and other lexicographical texts).
While letters Α and Β were had been already published in 1969 (Sell) and 1972 (Gunther), the critical edition of this section of the Etym. Symeonis was a long-time desideratum in Classical and Byzantine studies, and opens up another part of this important text for scholarly research."

ing pioneer work on myguide (http://learn.go-on.co.uk/) for the BBC iPlayer team and for British Telecom on the implications of broadband for people with disabilities. He was a Member of the Ofcom Content Board 2003-06, was awarded a NESTA (www.nesta.org.uk) Fellowship in accessible broadcasting 2004-05 and won a Royal Television Society Award for innovation in engineering (electronic programme guides) 2003. He has presented and/ or published more than 100 major papers on eInclusion, disability, blindness and socio/economic trends and recently presented a series of five major lectures on blindness at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. As Chair of RNIB, the UK's leading blindness charity, he has a major responsibility for the strategic direction of an organisation with an annual turnover of 150 m Euros per year, more than 3000 staff and 4500 volunteers. From 1994-2000 he was the Editor of the British Journal of Visual Impairment and his first career was with Sight Savers International (1978-92) during which he established the first major computer-based braille production system (The African braille Centre) outside the 'Western' world. Cambridge and Harvard educated, Carey is a novelist, a published poet, a social commentator and a chorister; he is a former amateur dramatics actor/Director and classical music critic. He is a lay minister in the Church of England and a theologian.

ABSTRACT
The aim of this PhD thesis, The adverb in the New Testament. Classification from a semantic point of view, will be, on the one hand, to show a study of this gramatical category from a new semantic perspective and, on the other, to carry out a semantic classification. This dissertation forms part of the research project DGENT (Diccionario Griego-Español del Nuevo Testamento), which is written by GASCO (Grupo de Análisis Semántico de Córdoba/Group of Semantic Analysis of the University of Cordoba). The group employs a semantic methodology developed by Profs. Juan Mateos and Jesús Peláez.
Thus, using the previous methodology, we propose the following PhD composed by six chapters:
– ¬Chapter I shows a brief history of the adverb, which includes questions about when and how the adverb arises, the problems of its study in the Greek language and its recognition by different philosophers and grammars, both Greek and Latin. Thus, this history will be based on the analysis of Greek and Latin texts where an answer is found to where the adverb comes from, how and when it arises, who the first author to recognize it as a grammatical figure was and, finally, with what characteristics the adverb is presented in the Greek and Latin language.
– Chapter II basically develops Nida's method for the semantic analysis of lexemes, based on structuralist semantics, from which our method is derived. Nida is the first author to apply the differentiation between grammatical (noun, verb, preposition, adverb and conjunction) and semantic species (Entity [E], Event [H] and Attribute [A]) in order to study the New Testament lexicon. This division is decisive for a semantic analysis of any grammatical species, and, in our case, of the adverb. The bases of Nida's methodology are set out in his Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains, which was compiled together with Louw. They do not only explain their theory of semantic species in this work, but also put it into practice by dividing all the New Testament lexemes into ninety-three semantic fields, which are in turn distributed among these semantic species.
Once Nida's methodology has been explained and its application to the study of the adverb has been tested, we will see that, due to the wide range of characteristics of the semantic species created by Nida, it does not allow an exhaustive study of the grammatical figure that we are dealing with here. It is necessary to develop and extend these semantic categories, which was accomplished by Mateos (Método de análisis semántico aplicado al griego del Nuevo Testamento) and developed by Peláez (Metodología del Diccionario Griego-Español del Nuevo Testamento). Therefore, in this same chapter we study the method of semantic analysis used in the writing of the DGENT.
The latter method, a direct descendant of the one developed by Nida, complements and improves it by adding to the semantic species two new ones, Relation (R) and Determination (D). 
Together with the addition of these species, Mateos configured the graphic representation of the meaning of the lexemes. To do so, he created a semantic formula, which contains the denoted semantic species and the connoted one alongside the necessary relations to complete the meaning and those presented with the context. He also added a semantic development, which shows a list of specific and differential semas that allow us to understand the semantic characteristics of each of the adverbs and their inclusion in different groups.
– Chapters III and IV show the application of the method and methodology to each of the adverbial lexemes of the New Testament corpus and the grouping of all of them in the two semantic species, Relation and Determination, in which this grammatical category can be classified. They constitute, therefore, the central part of our work.
– Chapter V gathers the grammatical information that currently exists on the adverb in the Greek language and is complemented by that obtained from the semantic classification of adverbs. Thus, a specific grammar of the adverb in this closed corpus is obtained, taking into account its morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics.
– Chapter VI presents the results obtained from this research, ending it with an appendix, where the complete study on the morphological origin of the adverbs present in the New Testament corpus is included.

El aoristo temático εσ ν es una invención de los gramáticos. Xεσε ν, en Ar. Th. 570, es un falso infinitivo de futuro que algún editor introdujo erróneamente por σαι. Κατ εσ ν en Alc. Com. fr. 5 PCG debe haber surgido como errata por κατ εσεν. Las dos formas se malinterpretaron como aoristos temáticos. El infinitivo εσε ν en Páladas (AP 7.683 = APl. IIª 48.1) muestra cómo el nuevo aoristo penetró en el griego literario.

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar desde una perspectiva semántica los valores de los lexemas adverbiales νῦν y νυνί en el Nuevo Testamento y explicar sus particularidades para mostrar las diferencias y similitudes que presentan entre ellos. Para ello se seguirá el método de análisis semántico empleado para la redacción de los lemas del Diccionario Griego-Español del Nuevo Testamento.

The Lack of written representation for Italian Sign Language (LIS) makes it difficult to do perform tasks like looking up a new word in a dictionary. Most of the paper dictionaries show LIS signs in drawings or pictures. It's not a simple proposition to understand the meaning of sign from paper dictionaries unless one already knows the meanings. This paper presents the LIS dictionary which provides the facility to translate Italian text into sign language. LIS signs are shown as video animations performed by a virtual character. The LIS dictionary provides the integration with MultiWordNet database. The integration with MultiWordNet allows a rich extension with the meanings and senses of the words existing in MultiWordNet. The dictionary allows users to acquire information about lemmas, synonyms and synsets in the Sign Language (SL). The application is platform independent and can be used on any operating system. The results of input lemmas are displayed in groups of grammatical categories.

Hacer un diccionario web interactivo de griego destinado a alumnos de secundaria y de primeros cursos de grado universitario en que se pueda buscar en griego y español, con enlaces sistemáticos a los modelos morfológicos correspondientes, con agrupación de las palabras por criterios etimológicos y otras características como imágenes, pronunciación, antónimos, sinónimos, helenismos. Tenemos claro que nuestro objetivo es el griego literario desde Homero (s. VIII a.C. hasta Libanio (s. V d.C.); no nos interesa el griego epigráfico ni el documental de los papiros. Por otra parte huimos también de la exhaustividad que puede ser muy dañina en un proyecto de esta naturaleza.

Go On Gold, raising public awareness of the eInclusion of people with disabilities through the London Olympic and Paralympic Games 2012. Carey was one of the first global experts in eInclusion and has worked for the EU (including acting as Rapporteur for the Inclusive Communications (IN-COM) group as part of COCOM), UK Government Departments (including pioneer work on myguide (http://learn.go-on.co.uk/) for the BBC iPlayer team and for British Telecom on the implications of broadband for people with disabilities. He was a Member of the Ofcom Content Board 2003-06, was awarded a NESTA (www.nesta.org.uk) Fellowship in accessible broadcasting 2004-05 and won a Royal Television Society Award for innovation in engineering (electronic programme guides) 2003. He has presented and/ or published more than 100 major papers on eInclusion, disability, blindness and socio/economic trends and recently presented a series of five major lectures on blindness at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. As Chair of RNIB, the UK's leading blindness charity, he has a major responsibility for the strategic direction of an organisation with an annual turnover of 150 m Euros per year, more than 3000 staff and 4500 volunteers. From 1994-2000 he was the Editor of the British Journal of Visual Impairment and his first career was with Sight Savers International (1978-92) during which he established the first major computer-based braille production system (The African braille Centre) outside the 'Western' world. Cambridge and Harvard educated, Carey is a novelist, a published poet, a social commentator and a chorister; he is a former amateur dramatics actor/Director and classical music critic. He is a lay minister in the Church of England and a theologian.

It is generally assumed that the words ἔγκτησις / ἐπίκτησις and ἔγκτημα / ἐπίκτημα mean ‘acquisitions, possessions in a foreign country’. But this highly unlikely meaning is incongruous both with the semantics of the prefixes ἐν- and ἐπι- and with the normal behaviour of Greek preverbs. A close examination of texts of the classical period reveals that in the forms at issue the preverbs indicate that a possession is incorporated (ἐν-) or added (lit. superposed) (ἐπι-) to preex- isting holdings. This case exemplifies the tendency of some dictionaries to over- interpret the data: merely inferential information deriving from a context is inter- preted as a referential lexical meaning of words.

RÉSUMÉ: Le vers 869 des Acharniens d’Aristophane apparaît dans les editions récentes comme τἄνθεια τᾶς γλάχωνος ἀπέκιξαν χαμαί (supposément ‘ils ont fait tomber à terre les fleurs de mon pouliot’). Le texte original devait être τἄνθεα τὰ τᾶς γλάχωνος ἐπόκιξαν χαμαί, où le marchand Thébain jouait sur un double sens: ‘les joueurs d’aulos ont tondu les fleurs de mon pouliot (c.-à.-d. de ma pilosité perianale) à ras de terre’. L’aoriste ἀπέκιξαν est une vox nihili qui devrait disparaître des dictionnaires.

HOMÉRICO xXclipót, 84o9 EL SIGNIFICADO DE xXwpóg EN LA POESíA GRIEGA ARCAICA El propósito de este trabajo es analizar las ocurrencias del adjetivo xXcoós. en Homero y en otros textos de la poesía griega arcaica, en un intento de clarificar su sentido originario. Nuestra tesis es que tal significado pudo ser, en un principio al menos, ajeno a la esfera del color. La lectura pálido, por tanto, documentada en textos médicos posteriores y resultado final de una compleja evolución, podría Ilevar a error aplicada a la poesía arcaica. Esta interpretación afecta especialmente a los empleos homéricos, en concreto a la conocida expresión xXûipóv &os.

The present paper analyzes Richard Goulet's software «Lexis» as a tool for the design of Greek and Latin texts on Macintosh computers. Because of its comprehensive Greek dictionary, this computer program succeeds in the authomatic lemmatizing of a Greek text in 70-80 per cent of the cases. Obviously, this lemmatization will later be corrected and completed through a comprehensive and user-friendly editing window. This software can also perform other functions, such as generating concordances, indexes of ocurrences, and various search modes. It can also import texts from the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.

Le grec ancien ne connaît pas de terme générique pour désigner la mutilation corporelle ou l’action de mutiler : en revanche, il existe toute une variété de mots pour exprimer l’action de couper, de trancher, d’amputer, de priver un individu d’une partie de son corps. La principale difficulté est que, le plus souvent, ces mots possèdent plusieurs sens, parfois éloignés les uns des autres, au point de compliquer le travail du traducteur, voire de générer des contresens. Nous nous proposons, à titre d’exemple, d’explorer l’un de ces termes. Dans un passage de son discours Sur la couronne, Démosthène invective tous les traîtres qui, dans les principales cités grecques continentales, ont soutenu le parti macédonien : il les accuse d’avoir « mutilé » leurs patries respectives (ἠκρωτηριασμένοι τὰς αὑτῶν ἕκαστοι πατρίδας). Les principaux outils lexicographiques à notre disposition proposent trois sens au verbe employé, akrôtèriazô (ἀκρωτηριάζω) qui émanent des trois définitions du substantif akrôtèrion (ἀκρωτήριον) : amputer un homme d’extrémités du corps – ou akrôtèria (ἀκρωτήρια) – et par extension « mutiler » ; couper les akrôtèria des navires, c’est-à-dire leurs éléments saillants en métal (ceux de la proue en particulier) ; ou encore, dans un contexte géographique, former un promontoire, soit un akrôtèrion. Concernant le passage qui nous intéresse, à en croire Harpocration au IIe siècle de notre ère, suivi par l’ensemble des traducteurs modernes, Démosthène emploie ce terme dans sa première acception, mais au sens figuré : la patrie se trouve ainsi métaphoriquement personnifiée. Cependant, une étude approfondie des occurrences de ce terme jusqu’au début de l’époque impériale laisse entrevoir une apparition très tardive de ce sens dans la littérature conservée.  Il est donc nécessaire de reprendre de manière systématique l’analyse des emplois d’akrôtèriazô afin de mieux appréhender son évolution sémantique. L’étude diachronique se révèle en effet très instructive : avant Démosthène, seul le sens de « couper la proue d’un navire » est attesté. Par ailleurs, l’utilisation de ce verbe pour désigner une amputation d’extrémités de corps humain n’apparaît qu’avec Polybe à la fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C. À partir de là, l’usage de ce terme se généralise, mais le sens classique disparaît. La grande majorité des mentions conservées concerne des ablations de membres, même si, de manière marginale, le sens figuré connaît également un certain usage à l’époque impériale. Ces constatations poussent à réévaluer l’image voulue par Démosthène dans son discours : nous posons l'hypothèse d’y voir, plutôt qu’une métaphore de mutilation corporelle, une comparaison avec des trières que l’on aurait volontairement privées de leur proue offensive, illustrant ainsi la situation d’Athènes et des autres cités grecques désarmées et à la merci de l’envahisseur macédonien.

Resumen -En griego antiguo, tres adjetivos, αἰόλος, ἀργός y βαλιός, combinan en su semántica las nociones de MoviMiento y brillo / color. Aparte de las acepciones figuradas, los diccionarios modernos traducen αἰόλος como «rápido, ágil», «reluciente» y «variopinto, colorido». Según la doctrina establecida, la idea de MoviMiento constituiría el núcleo del complejo significado de αἰόλος y se atestiguaría de modo inequívoco en un símil de la Odisea, donde se acepta como hecho probado que αἰόλλω significa «mover rápidamente de acá para allá». La complejidad semántica de αἰόλος obedecería a un fenómeno de sinestesia. Sin embargo, ni los datos del griego ni los paralelos en otras lenguas avalan esta hipótesis. En realidad, no se trata de un cambio semántico natural, sino de un caso de «polisemia irracional», fenómeno del que abundan los ejemplos en griego antiguo y en las lenguas actuales. La acepción de «rápido» fue inventada por los glosógrafos.

Un estudio lexicográfico del término δράκων (DRAKWN, dragón) en griego desde los primeros testimonios hasta Aristóteles. EL objetivo del estudio es determinar cuál era el referente del término (por oposición a ὄφις, "serpiente") y cuáles sus connotaciones. - A lexicographic study of the word δράκων (DRAKWN, "dragon") in Ancient Greek from the first apparitions to Aristotle. The main aim of this study is to determine the referent and connotations of the term δράκων as opposed to  ὄφις, "snake").

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es recoger y analizar semánticamente los valores del lexema adverbial καί en el NuevoTestamento y clasificar estos valores siguiendo el método de análisis semán-tico empleado en la redacción del Diccionario Griego Español del Nuevo Testamento (DGENT).

RESUMEN: La forma τραχεος en TLocri 15.15 ha dado pie a varias interpretaciones: una referencia a un terreno áspero, la fracción de un stater o un tipo de pez: pez «dura» como término equivalente de lo que se suele llamar pez «seca» (πίττα ξηρά). Este artículo pretende demostrar que, en realidad, τραχεος debe referirse a la pez «en bruto» que no ha sido aún elaborada y procesada (πίττα ὠμή).
PALABRAS CLAVE: cambio semántico, Locros Epizefirios, pez.
ABSTRACT: The form τραχεος in TLocri 15.15 has been variously interpreted as denoting a rough terrain, a fraction of a stater or a type of pitch: «hard» pitch as an alternative term for what was commonly called «dry» pitch (πίττα ξηρά). This paper tries to demonstrate that τραχεος must actually refer to pitch «in the rough» that has not yet been processed and refined (πίττα ὠμή).
KEYWORDS: semantic change, Epizephyrian Locri, pitch.

We gather here ten lexicographical notes on words coming from the poet Pindar’s
texts, which will be shown in the next Greek-Spanish Dictionary volume. All of them
provide some novelties in relation with the previous general dictionaries or with the interpretations and readings that are usually accepted.

In recent years the Second Sophistic has become one of the fastest growing areas of classical scholarship, evidenced in some excellent general syntheses, as well as conference proceedings and monographs on authors who have rarely, if ever, enjoyed such attention.1 The collaborative volume under review extends this interest to Julius Pollux and his sole surviving work, the Onomasticon, and is, to my knowledge, a unique attempt at a literary, cultural and historiographic "inquadramento" of an ancient lexicographer.

The Lack of written representation for Italian Sign Language (LIS) makes it difficult to do perform tasks like looking up a new word in a dictionary. Most of the paper dictionaries show LIS signs in drawings or pictures. It's not a simple proposition to understand the meaning of sign from paper dictionaries unless one already knows the meanings. This paper presents the LIS dictionary which provides the facility to translate Italian text into sign language. LIS signs are shown as video animations performed by a virtual character. The LIS dictionary provides the integration with MultiWordNet database. The integration with MultiWordNet allows a rich extension with the meanings and senses of the words existing in MultiWordNet. The dictionary allows users to acquire information about lemmas, synonyms and synsets in the Sign Language (SL). The application is platform independent and can be used on any operating system. The results of input lemmas are displayed in groups of grammatical categories.

A new attestation of ai\ za 'goat' on an Orphic tablet?-The sentence ai\ ya eij " gav la e[ qore" «At once, you leapt into milk» may be read on an Orphic gold tablet dating from the late 4th c. B.C. and found in Pelinna (Thessaly). Similar formulas occur on the same tablet and on three additional tablets from Pelinna and from Thurii, always referring to domestic animals with horns: e.g. tau÷ ro" eij " gav la e[ qore" «A bull, you leapt into milk». The adverb ai\ ya, which does not fit into the pattern, could be taking the place of ai\ za, an unusual form for 'goat', for which we have two controverted examples in Hesychius and on a Mycenaean tablet.

Bien que normalement un verbe transitif (« faire reposer, faire fair une halte »), l’actif ἀναπαύειν aurait exceptionellement un sens intransitif (« se reposer, faire halte ») chez Thucydide et chez Xénophon. En fair, il n’en est rien. Il s’agit de cas banals d’une construction transitive elliptique, dont l’objet direct (les troupes, l’armée) se dégage du contexte.

Un supuesto testimonio de αἰόλος en la acepción de 'rápido' aparece en las Tesmoforiantes de Aristófanes. Atado a un tablón por el cuello, las muñecas y los tobillos, el Pariente entona una grotesca monodia que termina con las siguientes palabras: λαιμότμητ ̓ἄχη δαιμόνι ̓ αἰόλαν / νέκυσιν ἐπὶ πορείαν (vv. 1054-1055). Como un 'viaje multicolor' no tiene sentido, los comentaristas y traductores creen de forma casi unánime que las “terribles conjogas de garganta cortada” que el dogal produce al Pariente, son el preludio “para un rápido viaje a los muertos”. Esta interpretación, sin embargo, tropieza con diversos inconvenientes, entre los que no es el menor el hecho de que no haya más testimonios fiables de la presunta acepción en época clásica.
Las dificultades desaparecen corrigiendo πορείαν, lectura del Ravenas, en χορείαν: “[padezco] conjogas de garganta herida adecuadas para [entonar yo] un variopinto canto de danza para [que bailen] los muertos”. La combinación αἰόλαν... χορείαν se atestigua también en las Ranas. Con toda probabilidad, un copista o editor de Aristófanes que sabía que αἰόλος significaba 'rápido', corrigió χορείαν en πορείαν, sustantivo que le parecía más adecuado al contexto.