Claims

The Abstracts that follow are arranged by type of session (Posters fi rst, then Orals, Colloquia, and Workshops). The Poster abstract numbers correspond to the Poster Board number at which the Poster will be presented. Cranberry plants exclusively utilize ammonium forms of nitrogen. Nitrifi cation of applied ammonium and subsequent leaching through sandy soils is a potential problem for growers. Peat, sand, and striped soils were collected in cranberry beds in central Wisconsin and soil pH was adjusted to 3.5, 4.5, or 5.5. Twenty-fi ve grams of dry soil was placed in fl asks and half the fl asks were sterilized. Distilled water was added to half of the samples, and the other half received 15 N-labeled ammonium. Flasks were incubated at 20°C for up to 70 days. Striped soils showed no nitrifi cation at pH 3.5 or 4.5 during the 70 day incubation. At pH 5.5, nitrifi cation began at 20 days and was almost complete at 70 days. Nitrifi cation did not occur at any pH in sandy soils. This research suggests that ammonium fertilizer applied to cranberry is likely taken up before nitrifi cation would occur. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multifl orum), which grows prolifi cally during the strawberry production season in the Gulf South, has the potential to serve as a living mulch if its growth is controlled. Sublethal dosages of Embark, a plant growth regulator, and the herbicides Poast and Rely were determined on ryegrass. Growth retardation was rated from 0 = none to 6 = dead. In 1993, all Poast dosages (1/8X -1X, where X = 8 ml•L -1 ) were lethal. Embark regulated ryegrass growth, but its study was discontinued because of the unlikelihood that it could be labeled for use on strawberries. Results of the 1994 study suggested that prime oil in the spray may cause an inordinate amount of vegetative browning. In 1995, three levels of oil (1/256X, 1/64X, and 1/32X, where X = 8 ml•L -1 ) were HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 32(3), JUNE 1997 428 used with each of four levels of Poast (0, 1/32, 1/64, and 1/128X). Increased levels of oil generally caused increased browning at each level of Poast, but no browning occurred where oil only was applied in the spray. In contrast to results in 1995, oil at 1/32X with no Poast caused considerable browning (score = 3.25) in 1996. The most desirable control (score = 2.75) was accomplished by a spray containing 1/128X Poast and 1/64X oil. The most desirable control by Rely (score = 3.25) was accomplished by 1/64 and 1/32X sprays. Rely is not labeled for strawberries although it is labeled for other fruit crops. Chemical names used: 2-[1-(ethoxylmino)buty1]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propy1]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1one (Poast); Paraffi n Base Petroleum Oil + polyol Fatty acid Esters (Prime oil); N- [2,4dimethyl-5-[[(trifl uoromethyl)-sulfony]amino]phenyl] acetamide (Embark); ammonium-Dl-homoalanin-4-yl-(methyl) phosphinate (Rely). A fi eld study was conducted to evaluate individual and collective infl uences of three soil moisture-supplementing practices (irrigation, incorporated peatmoss, and mulching) on root system development in 'Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberries. Root growth was least in plants not mulched and greatest in plants receiving all three supplements. Ranking of individual treatments on root dry weight production was mulch > incorporated peatmoss = irrigation. Mulching resulted in uniform root distribution from the plant crown outward and in root growth concentrated in the upper 15 cm of soil. Other practices (peatmoss > irrigation) tended to concentrate the root system near the crown area and resulted (peatmoss = irrigation) in greater root depth. Soil moisture appeared to be the major factor infl uencing root distribution. Experiments were conducted to determine the temperatures at which different densities of INA bacteria incite ice crystallization on 'Totem' strawberry fl owers and to determine if there is a relationship between densities of INA bacteria on strawberry fl owers and fl oral injury. Primary fl owers were inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae at 10 6 cells/ml buffer, incubated at 25°C day/10°C night and 100% RH for 48 h, and exposed to -2.0°C. No ice nucleation occurred on these inoculated fl owers and all of the fl owers survived. However, when inoculated fl owers were subjected to lower temperatures, ice nucleation occurred at -2.2°C and few of the fl owers survived. In contrast, ice crystals formed on the surface of most non-inoculated fl owers at -2.8°C and 21% of the fl owers survived exposure to -3.5°C. When INA bacterial densities were ≈10 5 colony forming units/g dry wt, fl oral injury occurred at a warmer temperature than to fl owers that had lower bacterial densities. Apartado Postal No. 125, Caborca, Son.

The implementation of austerity and neoliberal policies has disrupted everyday life for a significant number of Europeans, especially among young people. Rising tuition fees, labor market reforms, levels of unemployment, precarious working conditions, and discontent toward the political status quo have contributed to increase moral panics and outrage, which have often triggered mass protests. This article analyses whether and to what extent young Europeans express their demands via protest claims across nine European countries (N = 4,525). We argue that examining political (institutional and discursive) opportunities and claims' attributes (such as actors, issues, targets) is important to understand whether a youth-related claim takes a protest form or not.

This study explored the effects of bullying victimization (BV), as a Type II traumatic stressor, on intelligence quotient (IQ), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complex PTSD symptoms. Participants were 390 African American and Iraqi refugee adolescents. Measures of BV, cumulative life trauma, PTSD, discrimination, and IQ were administered. Correlational, multilevel regression, and path analyses were conducted. BV, independent of cumulative trauma, and discrimination were found to have 432 I. A. Kira et al.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of filling techniques and consistency of low-shrinkage composites on the bond strength and internal gap formation in Class I bonded restorations. Two low-shrinkage restorative systems (N'Durance/Septodont and Filtek Silorane/3M ESPE) were used to restore Class I preparations. Bulk increment, two oblique increments or two horizontal increments were performed and Filtek Z350XT was used as a control. Each increment was photoactivated for 40 s and the restored teeth were then stored for 24 h at 37°C before being longitudinally sectioned and the internal margins of the restorations dyed with 1% acid-red propylene glycol solution for 20 s. The specimens were water rinsed and digital images were recorded for the internal gap formation (%) analysis. Stick-shaped specimens were also tested in tension to evaluate the bond strength. Comparative consistency of unset composites was also performed. N'Durance exhibited the highest incidence of internal gaps amongst all the filling techniques. Filtek Silorane showed no significant difference of internal gap formation in comparison with Filtek Z350XT, regardless of the filling technique. Filtek Z350XT exhibited the highest bond strength and N'Durance the lowest when horizontally applied; bond strength of Filtek Silorane was not influenced by the filling technique. Both Filtek Z350XT and N'Durance presented lower consistency. Low-shrinkage composites seem to present equivalent or inferior bond strength and internal gap formation when compared to the methacrylate composite. The quality of the Class I preparation is dependent on the material and filling techniques.

The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. women make up a large proportion of microfinance beneficiaries . traditionally ,women have been unable to readily participate in economic activity .microfinance provide women with the financial backing  they  need to start business venture and activity  participate in the economy .it give then confidence ,improve their status and make them more active in decision –making  thus encourage gender equality .According to CGAP ,long –standing MFI even report a decline in violence toward since  the inception of microfinance .microfinance is the provision of financial services ti low-income client ,including and the self –employed ,who traditionally lack access to banking and related service. Microfinance , or microfinance  is banking the  unbankables , bring credit , saving and other essential financial service  within the reach of millions of people  in general  , banks are for people with money  , not for people without based on the premise that the poor have  skills which remain unutilized.in this paper the role played by microfinance in women empowerment are considered into three dimensions namely  psychological, social and economical.