Buildings’ Monitoring Research Papers

We would like to invite you to join this exciting new project as a chapter contributor. Since this is a textbook, a great deal of this chapter entails a survey on the topic under the paradigm of cyber-physical systems, what can be done... more

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The advancement of wireless sensor networks yields a variety of wireless sensor network for wildlife tracking. One typical application for wireless sensor networks is in animal tracking and monitoring in wildlife environments. A... more

Our aim is to estimate the perspective-effected geometric distortion of a scene from a video feed. In contrast to most related previous work, in this task we are constrained to using low-level, spatio-temporally local motion features... more

"Networks are mathematically directed (in practical applications also undirected) graphs and a graph is a one-dimensional abstract complex, i.e., a topological space. Network theory focuses on various topological structures and... more

"Networks are mathematically directed (in practical applications also undirected) graphs and a graph is a one-dimensional abstract complex, i.e., a topological space. Network theory focuses on various topological structures and properties, dynamic properties, and functionality-topology relationship, etc. There are some common mathematical foundations, theories and methodology for network analysis, in which graph theory, statistics, and operational research, etc., are the fundamental sciences of network analysis. Various emerging biological networks, at both micro- and macro- levels, will provide numerous sources for the development of general network theory and methodology and also facilitate the development of theory and methodology of biological networks.

Biological network analysis is a fast moving science. Many core scientific issues, for example, ecological structure, co-evolution, co-extinction and biodiversity conservation in ecology, and cancer development and metabolic regulation in health science, etc., are expected to be addressed by network approaches and network analysis. Network analysis is becoming the core methodology to treat complex biological systems. As the fast development of this area, more and more papers on biological networks are published.

At present explosive numbers of quality papers on biological networks are being published each year. The initiation of the journal, Network Biology, will provide a public and unified platform for the publication of these studies. From this integrated and unique journal, researchers, university teachers and students will thoroughly have an in-depth and complete insight on knowledge, methodology and recent advances of biological networks.

In the view of system dynamics, biological networks are always self-organized systems with emergent, autonomous and adaptive properties. Their dynamics can be represented by agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling and some other methodologies like neural network modeling. Therefore, agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling, self-organization of biological systems, and neural network modeling, etc., fall into the aims and scope of the journal, Network Biology.

The NETWORK BIOLOGY (ISSN 2220-8879) is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that considers scientific articles in all different areas of network biology. It is the transactions of the International Society of Network Biology.It dedicates to the latest advances in network biology. The goal of this journal is to keep a record of the state-of-the-art research and promote the research work in these fast moving areas. The topics to be covered by Network Biology include, but are not limited to:

•Theories, algorithms and programs of network analysis
•Innovations and applications of biological networks
•Dynamics, optimization and control of biological networks
•Ecological networks, food webs and natural equilibrium
•Co-evolution, co-extinction, biodiversity conservation
•Metabolic networks, protein-protein interaction networks, biochemical reaction networks, gene networks, transcriptional regulatory networks, cell cycle networks, phylogenetic networks, network motifs
•Physiological networks
•Network regulation of metabolic processes, human diseases and ecological systems
•Social networks, epidemiological networks
•System complexity, self-organized systems, emergence of biological systems, agent-based modeling, individual-based modeling, neural network modeling, and other network-based modeling, etc.
We are also interested in short communications that clearly address a specific issue or completely present a new ecological network, food web, or metabolic or gene network, etc.

Authors can submit their works to the email box of this journal, [email protected]. All manuscripts submitted to this journal must be previously unpublished and may not be considered for publication elsewhere at any time during review period of this journal. Authors are asked to read Author Guidelines before submitting manuscripts.

In addition to free submissions from authors around the world, special issues are also accepted. The organizer of a special issue can collect submissions (yielded from a research project, a research group, etc.) on a specific research topic, or submissions of a scientific conference for publication of special issue.

Network Biology
ISSN 2220-8879
URL: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/online-version.asp
RSS feed: http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/nb/rss.xml
E-mail: [email protected]
Editor-in-Chief: WenJun Zhang"

The tablet-based software docu-tools digitize the documentation of buildings, simplifies construction and facility management and the data analysis in building and construction-history research. As a plan-based software, 'pins' can be set... more

This paper presents a numerical study on the temperature field inside a passenger’s compartment of a Proton Wira saloon car using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The main goal is to investigate the effects of different glazing... more

Understanding the process of domestic retrofit is important for learning and innovation. This is particularly the case for low carbon retrofits such as those undertaken under the UK’s Retrofit for the Future (RftF) programme, with its aim... more

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- by Lai Fong Chiu and +1
  Rokia Raslan
- •
- 11
  Behavior (Behaviour), Energy Efficiency Buildings, Evaluation, Sociology of Technology

Urban parks have complex surface structure that produces an environment with specific microclimatic qualities. These qualities affect the balance of energy of the human body and are applicable to an individual's thermal perception. They... more

Today’s residential construction industry is capable of producing exceptionally high performing houses that far exceed compliance with local building codes. We feel that setting a target of Net-Zero Energy (NZE) is feasible in the US... more

Construction progress monitoring has been perceived as one of the key factors that prompt the achievement of a construction project. However, assessing the progress is time consuming, costly and obliges specialized personnel to reduce... more

Construction progress monitoring has been perceived as one of the key factors that prompt the achievement of a construction project. However, assessing the progress is time consuming, costly and obliges specialized personnel to reduce disagreements and approximate the actual performance to the original plan as close as possible. Image processing is a promising method that has been developed for automated monitoring of construction projects. It has attracted increasing attention for progress monitoring, quality assurance and work space analyses. Nonetheless, remarkable drawbacks still remain in image processing, particularly for outdoor environment such as construction progress monitoring. The principle downside of image processing goes back to the image resolution. Ambient lightning condition significantly affects the image quality which does affect the accuracy of data, extracted from related images. Much research strives to reduce the level of errors for data extraction but so far none has been able to deliver complete satisfactory and reliable result. In this research a novel approach based on thermal image analysis is presented. The new method consists of three phases: First, collecting the thermal and original images by utilizing Infrared-Camera. Second, estimating the position of captured images by the use of wireless sensor network implemented in the work space. Finally, the 3D plan will be updated automatically in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. The preliminary experimental results from an actual concrete building construction site show the feasibility of inferring the actual state of progress by the use of thermal images to overcome the limitation of vision monitoring.

AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS MONITORING USING THERMAL IMAGES AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275024236_AUTOMATED_CONSTRUCTION_PROGRESS_MONITORING_USING_THERMAL_IMAGES_AND_WIRELESS_SENSOR_NETWORKS#share [accessed Sep 11, 2015].

Este artigo descreve um programa computacional desenvolvido a partir da proposta de procedimentos para cálculo das propriedades térmicas de elementos e componentes de edificações . O trabalho teve origem com o desenvolvimento de uma... more

Warehouses are premises used to store goods or products with the key task of ensuring its security as well as maintaining its value and quality. Some unexpected events in the warehouse such as temperature fluctuations and humidity... more

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- by Alem Čolaković and +1
  Ermin Muharemovic
- •
- 3
  Warehouse Management Systems, Internet of Things (IoT), Buildings’ Monitoring

Monitoring and Evaluation Systems require twelve main components in order to function effectively and efficiently to achieve the desired results. These twelve M&E components are discussed in detail below: 1. Organizational Structures with... more

Monitoring and Evaluation Systems require twelve main components in order to function effectively and efficiently to achieve the desired results. These twelve M&E components are discussed in detail below: 1. Organizational Structures with M&E Functions The adequate implementation of M&E at any level requires that there is a unit whose main purpose is to coordinate all the M&E functions at its level. While some entities prefer to have an internal organ to oversee its M&E functions, others prefer to outsource such services. This component of M&E emphasizes the need for M&E unit within the organization, how elaborate its roles are defined, how adequately its roles are supported by the organizations hierarchy and how other units within the organization are aligned to support the M&E functions within the organization. 2. Human Capacity for M&E An effective M&E implementation requires that there is only adequate staff employed in the M&E unit, but also that the staff within this unit have the necessary M&E technical know-how and experience. As such, this component emphasizes the need to have the necessary human resource that can run the M&E function by hiring employees who have adequate knowledge and experience in M&E implementation, while at the same time ensuring that the M&E capacity of these employees are continuously developed through training and other capacity building initiatives to ensure that they keep up with current and emerging trends in the field. 3. Partnerships for Planning, Coordinating and Managing the M&E System A prerequisite for successful M&E systems whether at organizational or national levels is the existence of M&E partnerships. Partnerships for M&E systems are for organizations because they complement the organization's M&E efforts in the M&E process and they act as a source of verification for whether M&E functions align to intended objectives. They also serve auditing purposes where line ministries, technical working groups, communities and other stakeholders are able to compare M&E outputs with reported outputs. 4. M&E frameworks/Logical Framework The M&E framework outlines the objectives, inputs, outputs and outcomes of the intended project and the indicators that will be used to measure all these. It also outlines the assumptions that the M&E system will adopt. The M&E framework is essential as it links the objectives with the process and enables the M&E expert know what to measure and how to measure it. REPORT THIS AD 5. M&E Work Plan and costs Closely related to the M&E frameworks is the M&E Work plan and costs. While the framework outlines objectives, inputs, outputs and outcomes of the intended project, the work plan outlines how the resources that have been allocated for the M&E functions will be used to achieve the goals of M&E. The work plan shows how personnel, time, materials and money will be used to achieve the set M&E functions. 6. Communication, Advocacy and Culture for M&E This refers to the presence of policies and strategies within the organization to promote M&E functions. Without continuous communication and advocacy initiatives Page2 Page2Cite as Otundo M. (2019) The 12 Key Components Of M&E Systems Martin Otundo +254721246744 (whatsapp); email;

The quantity of old residents is on the ascent around the world. Thus, the quantity of those living alone is likewise liable to increment. At the point when an old individual living alone has a coronary failure or falls at home, no one is... more

Se presenta la problemática actual del uso de la energía de cara al agotamiento de las fuentes fósiles, el abastecimiento y la contaminación atmosférica de gases tóxicos, de efecto invernadero y destructores de la capa de ozono. Se... more

Building ventilation is necessary in providing acceptable indoor air quality (IAQ). It is a process of supplying fresh air and removing or diluting indoor pollution concentration. With an increasing awareness of energy saving lately,... more

""also see www.sunwindlight.net How to design buildings that heat with the sun, cool with the wind, light with the sky, and move into the future using on-site renewable resources Developed for rapid use during schematic design, this... more

This fully updated Third Edition covers principles of designing buildings that use the sun for heating, wind for cooling, and daylight for natural lighting. Using hundreds of illustrations this book offers practical strategies that give... more

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The Indus Valley civilization flourished between 2750-1900 B.C. We present a case study for Lothal, an extension of the Indus Valley civilization currently located in the state of Gujarat in India. Their double storied buildings were... more

This paper aims to assess passive solar design techniques and the extent to which they promote high thermal comfort in a vernacular rural mud house in the state of Jharkhand in India. The study of this mud house provides an insight for... more

This Building Innovation Guide provides technical recommendations for achieving high-performance Indian office buildings that are smart, green, and energy efficient. the best practices recommended in the Guide are particularly suited to... more

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- by Reshma Singh
- •
- 15
  Architecture, Renewable Energy, Energy, Sustainable Building Design

The study assessed the performance of a newly-built sustainable hospital by comparing the thermal comfort of its patients and staff, and the ambient thermal conditions with those of two other hospitals with less sophisticated designs.... more

—This paper presents the design, realization and use of an innovative system for social housing monitoring. The specifications of the system were determined through concertation with social housing tenants as well as technical and... more

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- by Isam Shahrour and +1
  Ammar Aljer
- •
- 15
  Sensors and Sensing, Monitoring And Evaluation, Wireless Sensor Networks, Housing

Abstract (en): Unlike other European countries, Italy has only recently approached the advent of BIM in the public procurement sector, with a regulatory transposition that still seems far from grasping all the actual potential of the... more

Abstract (en): Unlike other European countries, Italy has only recently approached the advent of BIM in the public procurement sector, with a regulatory transposition that still seems far from grasping all the actual potential of the definitive passage from the document to the data for the digital modeling of public works. The purpose of this paper is to identify the essential elements of BIM technology, in order to present to the jurist the benefits that the adoption of information technologies can entail for the entire sector of public contracts. The examination of the experiences of other legal systems will demonstrate the need for the continuation of the path already outlined by the Italian Legislator in the progressive adoption of BIM in public contracts, but also the need for an overall rethink of some institutions of traditional public procurement law. This reconsideration should jointly accompany the transition to digital modeling, filling the regulatory gaps that still exist and ultimately enhancing the potential for the integrity and efficiency of public contracts.

Abstract (It): A differenza di altri paesi europei, l'Italia si è affacciata solo di recente all'avvento dei BIM nel settore degli appalti pubblici, con un recepimento normativo che sembra ancora distante dal cogliere tutte le effettive potenzialità del passaggio definitivo dal documento al dato per la modellazione digitale delle opere pubbliche. Lo scopo del presente contribuito è individuare gli elementi essenziali della tecnologia BIM, al fine di presentare al giurista i vantaggi che l'adozione delle tecnologie informative possono comportare per l'intero settore dei contratti pubblici. Attraverso la disamina delle esperienze di altri ordinamenti si dimostrerà la necessità non solo della prosecuzione del percorso già delineato dal Legislatore italiano nella progressiva adozione dei BIM nei contratti pubblici, ma anche di un complessivo ripensamento di alcuni istituti del diritto degli appalti pubblici, il quale dovrebbe accompagnare di pari passo il passaggio alla modellazione digitale, colmando i vuoti normativi ancora attuali ed esaltandone, in definitiva le potenzialità per l'integrità e l'efficienza dei contratti pubblici.

Paper in English.

This research was presented by Njeri C. at UON, Kenya. All the concepts/literature restructuring and organisation, data analysis and interpretation were done by Mwalimu Martin Otundo. Martin Otundo is a senior freelance researcher, part... more

Muitas vezes, no estudo do clima de um determinado local, os métodos simples de análise podem constituir uma importante ferramenta para o projetista, devido à sua rapidez e facilidade de aplicação. Estes métodos, geralmente através de um... more

The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the use of Internet of Things technologies to transform manufacturing and industrial processes. Also known as "industry 4.0", Industrial IoT integrates big data and machine learning technologies... more

Heating and cooling loads are the major reasons for energy use in buildings. Buildings are usually subject to schedules and set-points which are not optimized in response to the dynamic weather conditions, internal loads, and occupancy... more

Gli edifici ad alta efficienza energetica costruiti in Europa adottano prevalentemente la tecnologia delle pareti multistrato leggere (pareti stratificate a secco con la tecnologia S/R, pareti prefabbricate con il sistema SAAD, pareti in... more

Gli edifici ad alta efficienza energetica costruiti in Europa adottano prevalentemente la tecnologia delle pareti multistrato leggere (pareti stratificate a secco con la tecnologia S/R, pareti prefabbricate con il sistema SAAD, pareti in legno, etc) con un pacchetto costituito, quasi totalmente, da materiali strutturali a bassa densità ed isolanti termici ad elevato spessore (anche 20-30 cm), a basso peso specifico e, quindi, a bassa massa di accumulo, al fine di ottenere valori di trasmittanza termica stazionaria molto bassi (inferiori comunque a 0,15 W/mqK). E’, comunque, da considerare che tali tecniche di super-isolamento, trovano indicazione soprattutto in zone climatiche continentali del nord e centro Europa, dove i consumi per il riscaldamento invernale prevalgono nettamente su quelli per il raffrescamento estivo. Inoltre, mentre nel periodo invernale il requisito principale è la protezione del trasferimento del calore dagli ambienti interni all’esterno, durante il periodo estivo, uno dei requisiti è quello dello smaltimento, di notte, del sovraccarico termico accumulato durante il giorno: purtroppo, questa tipologia di involucro “iperisolata”, essendo caratterizzata da una bassa massa termica e, quindi, da una limitata inerzia termica, non permette di “scaricare” adeguatamente nelle ore notturne, il calore accumulato durante il giorno innescando, così, un processo di surriscaldamento. In zone climatiche calde e temperate come, ad esempio, l’area del bacino del mediterraneo, tale fenomeno di sovraccarico termico risulta molto spesso
irreversibile se non vi è, nella costruzione, un perfetto controllo delle fonti di irraggiamento solare (effetto serra) ed un’adeguata
gestione degli apporti gratuiti di calore all’interno dell’edificio (persone, elettrodomestici ed apparecchiature elettriche, illuminazione artificiale, etc). Oltretutto, con questa tipologia di involucro non è possibile sfruttare i benefici dei sistemi passivi di riscaldamento, vista la limitatezza e, in alcuni casi, la totale mancanza di superfici dotate di massa di accumulo termico in grado, quindi, di accumulare il calore quando necessario, per poi distribuirlo agli spazi interni quando l’effetto del guadagno solare cessa. Anche per quanto riguarda il raffrescamento passivo, la massa di accumulo termico appare necessaria in quanto potrebbe essere sfruttata come vero e proprio pozzo termico.
A questi inconvenienti si è cercato di porre rimedio mediante l’adozione di elementi strutturali dotati di massa di accumulo termico (come, ad esempio, solai e pavimenti massivi, corpi scala in cemento armato, strati di intonaco interno ad alto spessore, etc) e/o l’impiego, nella stratificazione delle tamponature esterne, di materiali dotati di una maggiore densità e/o calore specifico (ad esempio pannelli in legno massiccio tipo X-LAM, lana di legno e fibra di legno ad alta densità, fibra di legno mineralizzata, fibre di cellulosa o canapa, intonaci in terra cruda, etc.); tuttavia, il ricorso a tali soluzioni, anche se in alcuni casi consente di raggiungere degli ottimali valori di trasmittanza termica periodica e dei discreti valori di sfasamento ed attenuazione, non permette, comunque, di raggiungere
degli adeguati valori di capacità termica areica interna periodica, di massa termica e di ammettenza interna estiva. Infatti, in area
climatica mediterranea e, comunque, in zone dal clima caldo e/o temperato, un involucro edilizio altamente performante dal punto di vista energetico, se caratterizzato da una scarsa ammettenza interna e da un’insufficiente capacità termica areica interna periodica, (che in parole povere rappresenta la capacità di un componente edilizio di accumulare i carichi termici provenienti dall'interno) può innescare, all’interno dell’edificio, dei fenomeni di surriscaldamento sia nella stagioni estive che nelle stagioni intermedie, (soprattutto in ambienti con alto indice di affollamento) e, quindi, delle condizioni di estremo discomfort termico.

In hot and humid climates thermal comfort can become a problem to the occupants of many residential buildings especially when they are not equipped with air-conditioning system. This paper presents outcomes of an ongoing research work to... more

Stadiums like those used for sporting or concert events are distinct from other civil engineering structures due to several different characteristics. Some challenges mainly originate from the interaction with the human factor, as... more

A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation [1]. Cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas,... more

This work has the purpose to analyze thermal performance of emergency shelters with the aim to develop different solutions which can improve the internal environmental conditions, in accordance to the parameters that describe... more

Recent UK-based studies have shown a performance gap between the energy performance of buildings calculated using tabulated thermophysical properties of solid walls and that estimated from in-situ measurements. Solid-walled buildings have... more

Over the coming two decades Asia will be the main driver of a 40% increase in global energy consumption. Ambitions for a more sustainable future in the region are severely compromised by the widespread and rapid take-up of... more

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in hospital operating rooms (ORs) constitutes a major challenge for the proper design and operation of an energy efficient hospital. A subjective assessment of the indoor environment along with a short... more

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- by Constantinos Balaras and +1
  Athina G Gaglia
- •
- 5
  Occupational Health, Hospitals, Operating Room, Indoor environmental quality

Biomimicry means the imitation of life. The term arises from the combination of the Greek roots bios, life, with mimikos, imitation. Biomimicry is a new science and design discipline that studies nature’s models and then emulates these... more

"It is well known that to unfavorable living conditions in warm sub-humid, appropriate architectural design strategies provide less stress physiological conditions inside the buildings. Among these strategies cross-ventilation is one of... more

"It is well known that to unfavorable living conditions in warm sub-humid, appropriate architectural design strategies provide less stress physiological conditions inside the buildings. Among these strategies cross-ventilation is one of the most efficient. Due to the mass production of housing, Its practice seem as impossible because to high air tightness of its architectural envelopes, however, has been used very little use of architectural coverings in order to produce ventilation.
Historically in arid climates, thermal conditions of extreme oscillation led to the use of the magnitudes of wind and solar radiation to take advantage of ventilation devices for hundreds of years.
On the one hand, the wind towers induce fresh air into the spaces, while the wet and thereby improve the living conditions inside While solar chimneys, used in a similar way a power plant, its operation based on the thermo siphon effect to move warm air outwards.
Despite operating based on different principles, both devices must its mechanical power to the generation of low pressure zones caused by the phenomenon of convection.
This study presents the theoretical approach of a design methodology of both a wind tower of four flat concentrators four sided, and a flat plate solar chimney . Both designed according to the venturi effect and thermo siphon, respectively.
This is done through the use of environmental testing chambers that simulate the minimum living space authorized in the city of Colima, This study obtained empirical results to analytically estimate potential flow patterns; In turn a witness chamber is used to determine the effectiveness of both devices; the ultimate goal is to establish a correlation between the volume flow rate achieved and the improvement in the thermal behavior inside the enclosure.

Es bien sabido que ante las condiciones de habitabilidad desfavorables en climas cálidos sub-húmedos, las adecuadas estrategias de diseño arquitectónico brindan condiciones de menor desgaste fisiológico al interior de las edificaciones; la ventilación cruzada es dentro de ellas, una de las más eficientes y usadas en la arquitectura vernácula, sin embargo, el acelerado crecimiento de la vivienda masiva, imposibilita su generación debido a la alta hermeticidad de sus envolventes arquitectónicas, no obstante, el uso de las cubiertas arquitectónicas para generar ventilación, es un campo de limitada explotación. Históricamente en climas áridos, las condiciones térmicas de oscilación extrema motivaron el aprovechamiento de magnitudes de viento y radiación solar para caracterizar dispositivos de ventilación a lo largo de cientos de años. Por un lado las torres de viento inducen al interior de los espacios aire fresco para posteriormente humedecerlo y mejorar las condiciones higrotérmicas de habitabilidad interior, mientras que las chimeneas solares, usadas a manera de planta de poder, basan su funcionamiento en el efecto termosifón para desplazar aire caliente hacia el exterior. A pesar de operar a base de distintos principios, ambas deben su potencia mecánica a la generación de zonas de baja presión originadas por el fenómeno de la convección.
El presente estudio presenta la aproximación teórica de una metodología de diseño tanto de una torre de viento de cuatro planos concentradores a cuatro vistas (four-sided) y una chimenea solar de placa colectora plana, diseñados según el efecto del tubo de Venturi."

Geodetic surveying systems used to monitoring displacements at large concrete dams must be carefully designed and materialized, not only as a response to required submilimeter accuracies but also in regard as to their lifetime, witch is... more

Buildings’ Monitoring

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