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    Large Hadron Collider (By - Ashish)

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    ashish_patwal
    The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, located at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. It collides beams of protons at nearly the speed of light to study fundamental particles and forces. Six experiments are conducted at the LHC, including ATLAS and CMS which seek to discover the Higgs boson and explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and ALICE which studies quark-gluon plasma from the early universe. The LHC produces around 15 petabytes of data per year which is stored and analyzed using a global computing grid.

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    Large Hadron Collider (By - Ashish)

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    ashish_patwal
    120 views24 pages
    The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, located at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. It collides beams of protons at nearly the speed of light to study fundamental particles and forces. Six experiments are conducted at the LHC, including ATLAS and CMS which seek to discover the Higgs boson and explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and ALICE which studies quark-gluon plasma from the early universe. The LHC produces around 15 petabytes of data per year which is stored and analyzed using a global computing grid.

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    Large Hadron Collider (by- Ashish)

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    The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, located at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. It collides beams of protons at nearly the speed of light to study fundamental particles and forces. Six experiments are conducted at the LHC, including ATLAS and CMS which seek to discover the Higgs boson and explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and ALICE which studies quark-gluon plasma from the early universe. The LHC produces around 15 petabytes of data per year which is stored and analyzed using a global computing grid.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    120 views24 pages

    Large Hadron Collider (By - Ashish)

    Uploaded by

    ashish_patwal
    The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, located at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. It collides beams of protons at nearly the speed of light to study fundamental particles and forces. Six experiments are conducted at the LHC, including ATLAS and CMS which seek to discover the Higgs boson and explore physics beyond the Standard Model, and ALICE which studies quark-gluon plasma from the early universe. The LHC produces around 15 petabytes of data per year which is stored and analyzed using a global computing grid.

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    of 24

    The Large Hadron Collider

    Made by-
    Ashish Patwal
    B.Tech(EEE)
    3rd year
    The first thought that comes in Mind

    •What is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?

    •How the Large Hadron Collider works?

    •What are the experiments which are to be


    performed in LHC?
    etc etc etc………………………………
    What is the LHC?
    • With its 27-km circumference, the world's
    largest and highest-energy particle accelerator.
    •Particle physicists are using it to collide protons
    at very high energies(7 trillion electronvolts).
    •Operates at about – 3000C,& Speeds particles
    to almost the speed of light.
    •Involves 4 big experiments.
    Where is the LHC?
    Mont Blanc 4810 m
    175 m beneath Franco-Swiss border Mont Blanc, 4810 m
    Downtown Geneva,
    Switzerland

    Downtown Geneva
    The Big Questions..
    •Truthness of Higgs mechanism for generating
    elementary particle masses via electroweak
    symmetry breaking.
    •Are there extra dimensions, as predicted by
    various models inspired by string theory??
    •The CP Violation between Matter & Antimatter.
    •What was the nature of the quark-gluon plasma
    in the early universe?? (Gravity redefined)
    •Dark Matter exists or not?
    •The mass of Matter defined in accordance with
    Higgs Boson particles..
    Six experiments planned:
    •ATLAS-A Toroidal LHC Apparatus
    •CMS-Compact Muon Solenoid
    •LHCb-LHC-beauty
    •ALICE-A Large Ion Collider Experiment
    •TOTEM-Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and
    Diffraction Dissociation
    •LHCf-LHC-forward
    ATLAS-A Toroidal LHC Apparatus
    •Investigation of Higgs mechanism, which includes
    collision of protons resulting in production of elementary
    particles of different masses & giving rise to the
    differences between the weak force & electromagnetism
    by giving the W and Z bosons masses while leaving the
    photon massless.
    •The asymmetry between the behavior of matter and
    antimatter, known as CP violation.
    (ATLAS) Continued..

    • It consists of a series of large concentric


    cylinders around the interaction point.
    • Four Major Parts- Pixel Detector
     the Inner Detector Transition radiation tracker
    Semi-Conductor Tracker
    inner e.m calorimeter
     the calorimeters outer hadronic calorimeter
     the muon spectrometer
     the magnet systems
    CMS-Compact Muon Solenoid
    Main goals are:
    • to explore physics at the TeV scale
    • to discover the Higgs boson
    • to look for evidence of physics beyond the standard
    model, such as supersymmetry, or extra dimensions
    • to study aspects of heavy ion collisions
    (CMS) Continued..
    • Layer 1(The Tracker)
    • Layer 2(The Electromagnetic Calorimeter)
    • Layer 3(The Hadronic Calorimeter)
    • Layer 4(The Magnet)
    • Layer 5(The muon detectors and return yoke)-To
    identify muons & measure their momenta, CMS uses
    three types of detector:
    Drift tubes(DT),
    Cathode Strip Chambers(CSC)
    Resistive Plate Chambers(RPC).
    ALICE-A Large Ion Collider Exp.
    In search of answers of
    following Questions:-
    • What happens to matter
    when it is heated to
    100,000 times the
    temperature at the centre
    of the Sun ?
    • Why do protons and
    neutrons weigh 100 times
    more than the quarks
    they are made of ?
    • Can the quarks inside the
    protons and neutrons be
    freed ?
    (ALICE)Continued..
    • The Inner Tracking System
    • Time Projection Chamber
    • Transition Radiation Detector
    • Time of Flight
    • Photon Spectrometer
    • High Momentum Particle Identification Detector
    • Muon spectrometer
    • Forward Multiplicity Detectors
    • Electro-Magnetic Calorimeter
    LHCf-LHC forward
    • Designed to study the particles generated in the
    "forward" region of collisions, those almost directly in
    line with the colliding proton beams.
    • Intended to measure the energy and numbers of
    neutral pions (π⁰) produced by the collider which will
    hopefully explain the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic
    rays.
    TOTEM-Total Cross Section, Elastic
    Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation
    • Shares intersection point IP5 with the CMS.
    • Dedicated to precise measurement of the
    proton-proton interaction cross section, as well
    as the in-depth study
    of the proton structure.
    • Require sophisticated
    detectors.
    LHCb-LHC beauty
    • An experiment set up to explore what happened
    after the Big Bang that allowed matter to
    survive and build the Universe we inhabit today.
    • Technically speaking, an exp. particularly aimed
    at measuring parameters of CP violation in the
    interactions of b-hadrons (bottom quark).
    Data, data, data!!
    The LHC will produce around
    15 Petabytes
    of data every year!
    That’s about 20 million CDs each year!

    Where will we store all of


    these data?
    Answer is CERN Computer Centre
    •A functioning grid is Installed to help the LHC exp. collect
    and analyse data coming from the detectors.
    • High-throughput computing based on reliable
    “commodity” technology.
    • More than 5000 PCs with around 20,000 processor cores.
    • More than 8 petabytes (8 million Gigabytes) of disk
    storage and 18 petabytes of magnetic tape storage.
    Possibilities of A Black Hole in LHC
    •Black holes at the LHC has a very small comparable
    energy.
    •Black holes, would have no time to start consuming
    matter and to cause macroscopic effects.
    Few main events & Dates..
    • The first beam events of ATLAS is carried on 10
    September 2008.
    • The very first collisions at 0.9 TeV total energy
    have been observed in ATLAS on 23 November
    2009.
    • Geneva, 30 March 2010. Beams collided at 7
    TeV in the LHC at 13:06 CEST, marking the
    start of the LHC research programme.
    For more than a decade, building the LHC had been a dream for
    many who have worked hard to bring this masterpiece to
    completion.
    Actual snap of Higgs Mechanism
    References:
    • http://en.wikipedia.org/
    • http://press.web.cern.ch/press/
    • http://www.lhc.ac.uk/
    • http://www.google.com/images/
    Thank You!!!!

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