Boson Collider

The History and Evolution of the Large Hydrogen Collider over the
years.
Q. Find out what LHC (large hydrogen collider) does? What breakthrough happened
there in 2012? What are they currently working on? In 500 - 800 words.
Ans: The LHC or the Large Hadron Collider is a particle accelerator, the world’s largest and most
powerful one, which means it hurl beams of particles through a ring-shaped tunnel consisting of
superconducting magnets, hurtling towards each other from the opposite directions at around
exactly 99.9999991% the speed of light, to meet each other at the approximately 27km (17 miles)
long passage with the incentive to make them collide. To finally give a report for experts to analyse.
This magnificent piece of machinery the mankind’s very finest, is located around the border
Switzerland and France near Geneva, is the key to unlocking the endless potential of the universe
and will support physicists to pinpoint several of their theories concerned with particle physics to be
proved or falsified.
The prized project was crafted by CERN or the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
Ultimately, finished after the effort of countless scientists from across the globe assisting and aiding
the length 20-year process of putting it together 175m beneath the ground. This scientific miracle
manages to accomplish an energy of 3.5TeV (teraelectronvolts) in 2010, after some struggles during
testing back in 2008, which is almost the quadruple of the previously achieved record. In the
following year, LHC proton run reached a successful conclusion with it having data production rate
being a factor of four million than in the first runs done in 2010, according to the CERN’s director for
Accelerators and Technology!
With a new year came a new record, in 2012 the mind-blowing result indicated a collision energy of
8TeV (of both beams combined). 2012 was an amazing year for the LHC, it embarked the long-
sought theoretical particle, Higgs Boson particle. They reported that all the high-energy atom
smashing they had been doing over the previous few years had paid off, giving them a glimpse of
what may very well be the missing piece of the standard model of particle physics. The two teams
comprised of 3000 talented scientists combined, that made the marvellous theory, were working
with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, each using one of the two particle detectors at the
LHC: ATLAS and CMS. Well, why is Higgs Boson particle theory so extraordinary? The Standard Model
describes the fundamental particles from which we, and every visible thing in the universe, are
made, and the forces acting between them. All the matter that we can see, however, appears to be
no more than about 4% of the total. A more exotic version of the Higgs Boson particle could be a
bridge to understanding the 96% of the universe that remains obscure.
More runs got carried with more discoveries being explored across the coming few years and in
2015 a new world record set by the collider, which achieved climbing to a collision of 13TeV (both
beams combined). The machine was then given a break in 2018 for 3years of upgrades and repairs,
till now.
The ready newly furnished machine is looking forward to set yet about another record and solve yet
another theory. The restart marked the beginning of preparations for the third run of the LHC, called
Run 3, which plans four years of physics-data taking at a world-record collision energy of 13.6 trillion
electronvolts (13.6 TeV). Run 3 will broaden the already extremely diversified LHC physics
programme even more because to the larger data samples and higher collision energy. At the
experiments, researchers will examine the Higgs boson's nature with never-before-seen accuracy
and through novel channels. They may be able to observe previously unobservable events and will
be able to increase the measurement accuracy of many known processes that address basic issues
like the cause of the universe's matter-antimatter asymmetry. Researchers will examine how matter
behaves in conditions of high temperature and density while simultaneously looking for possibilities
for dark matter and other novel phenomena, either directly or indirectly, by carefully measuring the
characteristics of known particles. "Measurements of the Higgs boson decay to second-generation
particles like muons are something we're looking forward to. According to CERN theorist
Michelangelo Mangano, this would be a brand-new discovery in the history of the Higgs boson,
proving for the first time that second-generation particles also acquire mass via the Higgs
mechanism. According to Andreas Hoecker, spokesman for the ATLAS collaboration, "we will
measure the strengths of the Higgs boson interactions with matter and force particles to
unprecedented precision and we will further our searches for Higgs boson decays to dark matter
particles as well as searches for additional Higgs bosons." It's not entirely clear if the Higgs process
observed in nature is the simplest possible one with only one Higgs particle.

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The History and Evolution of the Large Hydrogen Collider over the

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