Lecture Outline: Physics, 4 Edition

Lecture Outline
Chapter 5
Physics, 4th Edition

James S. Walker
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 5
Newtons Laws of Motion

Units of Chapter 5
Force and Mass
Newtons First Law of Motion
Newtons Second Law of Motion
Newtons Third Law of Motion
The Vector Nature of Forces: Forces
in Two Dimensions
Weight
Normal Forces
5-1 Force and Mass
Force: push or pull
Force is a vector it has magnitude and
direction

5-1 Force and Mass
Mass is the measure of

how hard it is to
change an objects
velocity.
Mass can also be
thought of as a
measure of the quantity
of matter in an object.

5-2 Newtons First Law of Motion
If you stop pushing an object, does it stop

moving?
Only if there is friction! In the absence of any
net external force, an object will keep moving
at a constant speed in a straight line, or
remain at rest.
This is also known as the law of inertia.

5-2 Newtons First Law of Motion
In order to change the velocity of an

object magnitude or direction a net
force is required.
An inertial reference frame is one in

which the first law is true. Accelerating
reference frames are not inertial.

5-3 Newtons Second Law of Motion
Two equal weights exert twice the force of one;
this can be used for calibration of a spring:

Now that we have a calibrated spring, we can do

more experiments.
Acceleration is proportional to force:

Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass:

Combining these two observations gives
Or, more familiarly,

An object may have several forces acting on it;

the acceleration is due to the net force:
(5-1)


Free-body diagrams:
A free-body diagram shows every force acting
on an object.
Sketch the forces
Isolate the object of interest
Choose a convenient coordinate system
Resolve the forces into components
Apply Newtons second law to each
coordinate direction
Example of a free-body diagram:

5-4 Newtons Third Law of Motion
Forces always come in pairs, acting on

different objects:
r
If object 1 exerts a force rF on object 2, then
object 2 exerts a force F on object 1.
These forces are called action-reaction pairs.

Some action-reaction pairs:

Although the forces are the same, the
accelerations will not be unless the objects
have the same mass.
Contact forces:
The force exerted by
one box on the other is
different depending on
which one you push.

5-5 The Vector Nature of Forces: Forces in
Two Dimensions
The easiest way to handle forces in two
dimensions is to treat each dimension
separately, as we did for kinematics.

5-6 Weight
The weight of an object on the Earths surface

is the gravitational force exerted on it by the
Earth.

5-6 Weight
Apparent weight:
Your perception of your weight is based on the
contact forces between your body and your
surroundings.
If your surroundings
are accelerating,
your apparent weight
may be more or less
than your actual
weight.

5-7 Normal Forces
The normal force is

the force exerted by
a surface on an
object.

5-7 Normal Forces
The normal force may be equal to, greater than,

or less than the weight.

5-7 Normal Forces
The normal force is always perpendicular to the

surface.

Summary of Chapter 5
Force: a push or pull
Mass: measures the difficulty in
accelerating an object
Newtons first law: if the net force on an
object is zero, its velocity is constant
Inertial frame of reference: one in which the
first law holds
Newtons second law:
Free-body diagram: a sketch showing all the
forces on an object

r
Newtons third law: If object 1 exerts a force
r F
on object 2, then object 2 exerts a force F on
object 1.
Contact forces: an action-reaction pair of
forces produced by two objects in physical
contact
Forces are vectors
Newtons laws can be applied to each
component of the forces independently
Weight: gravitational force exerted by the Earth
on an object
On the surface of the Earth, W = mg
Apparent weight: force felt from contact with a
floor or scale
Normal force: force exerted perpendicular to a
surface by that surface
Normal force may be equal to, lesser than, or
greater than the objects weight

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Lecture Outline

Physics, 4th Edition

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mass is the measure of

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

If you stop pushing an object, does it stop

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

In order to change the velocity of an

An inertial reference frame is one in

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Now that we have a calibrated spring, we can do

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Combining these two observations gives

Or, more familiarly,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

An object may have several forces acting on it;

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Forces always come in pairs, acting on

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Some action-reaction pairs:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The weight of an object on the Earths surface

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The normal force is

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The normal force may be equal to, greater than,

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

The normal force is always perpendicular to the

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

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