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    Periodic Table Notes

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    monkeysaltacc
    This document provides information about the periodic table, including its organization by atomic number and groups/families which share similar properties. Key aspects covered include atomic structure, properties of metals/non-metals/metalloids, and specific groups such as alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases.

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    Periodic Table Notes

    Uploaded by

    monkeysaltacc
    7 views25 pages
    This document provides information about the periodic table, including its organization by atomic number and groups/families which share similar properties. Key aspects covered include atomic structure, properties of metals/non-metals/metalloids, and specific groups such as alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases.

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    Periodic Table notes

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    This document provides information about the periodic table, including its organization by atomic number and groups/families which share similar properties. Key aspects covered include atomic structure, properties of metals/non-metals/metalloids, and specific groups such as alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views25 pages

    Periodic Table Notes

    Uploaded by

    monkeysaltacc
    This document provides information about the periodic table, including its organization by atomic number and groups/families which share similar properties. Key aspects covered include atomic structure, properties of metals/non-metals/metalloids, and specific groups such as alkali metals, halogens, and noble gases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    1 LABEL THE COLUMNS!!

    18
    14 15 16 17
    2 13

    7 8
    3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12
    I am Dmitri Mendeleev!

    I made the PERIODIC TABLE !


    What is the PERIODIC
    TABLE?

    o Shows all known


    elements in the
    universe.
    o Organizes the
    elements by
    chemical
    properties.
    Key to the Periodic Table

    • Elements are
    organized on the
    table according to
    their atomic
    number.
    Atomic Number

    • This refers to how


    many protons an atom
    of that element has.
    • No two elements,
    have the same number
    of protons.

    Bohr Model of Hydrogen Atom

    Wave Model
    Atomic Mass

    • Atomic Mass refers to


    the “weight” of the
    atom.
    • It is derived at by
    adding the number of
    protons with the
    number of neutrons. This is a helium atom. Its atomic
    Hmass is 4 (protons plus
    neutrons).

    What is its atomic number?


    Valence Electrons

    • Valence electrons are


    the electrons in the
    outer energy level of an
    atom.
    • These are the electrons
    that are transferred or
    shared when atoms
    bond together.
    Rows are called “Periods”
    • Periods = rows
    • From left to right
    • What do elements in a row
    have in common?
    – the same number of electron
    shells
    • Every element in Period 1
    (1st row) has 1 shell for its
    electrons (H & He)
    • All of the elements in period
    2 have two shells for their
    electrons.
    • It continues like this all the
    way down the table
    Columns are called “Groups” or
    Families
    • Column = group = families
    • What do elements in a group have in common?
    – same number of valence electrons (electrons in the
    outer shell)
    • They share similar characteristics with the other
    elements in their family.
    • Group 1: 1 valence electron
    • Group 2: 2 valence electrons
    • Group 13: 3 valence electrons
    • Group 14: 4 valence electrons
    • Group 15: 5 valence electrons
    • Group 16: 6 valence electrons
    • Group 17: 7 valence electrons
    • Group 18: 8 valence electrons except He who has 2
    Properties of Metals
    • Good conductors of heat
    and electricity
    • Shiny.
    • Ductile (can be stretched
    into thin wires)
    • Malleable (can be
    pounded into thin
    sheets)
    • A chemical property of
    metal is its reaction with
    water which results in
    corrosion.
    Properties of Non-Metals

    • Poor conductors of
    heat and electricity
    • Not ductile or
    malleable
    • Brittle and break
    easily
    • Dull
    • Many non-metals are
    gases.
    Sulfur
    Properties of Metalloids

    • Have properties of both metals


    and non-metals
    • Solids that can be shiny or dull.
    • Conduct heat and electricity better
    than non-metals but not as well as
    metals.
    • They are ductile and malleable.

    Silicon
    Region: Metals
    Group1: Alkalai Metals
    • 1 valence
    electron

    • Very
    Reactive
    Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
    • 2 valence
    electrons
    • Very
    reactive,
    but less
    than alkali
    metals
    Groups 3 – 12: Transition Metals
    • 1-2 valence
    electrons
    • Less reactive
    than alkaline
    earth metals
    because they
    don’t give away
    their electrons
    as easily
    • Bottom 2 row
    are the
    Lanthanide &
    Actinide series
    • Lanthanide Series:
    – shiny reactive metals
    – Most found in nature

    • Actinides Series:
    – radioactive and
    unstable
    – Most are man-made &
    not stable in nature
    Region: Metalloids
    Region: Nonmetals
    Group 17: Halogens
    • 7 valence
    electrons
    • Very
    reactive
    • Nonmetals
    Group 18: Noble Gases
    ▪ 8 valence
    electrons (except
    He which only
    has 2)
    ▪ “Happy” because
    their outer
    electron shell is
    filled!
    ▪ NON
    REACTIVE
    (inert)
    gases
    ▪ Nonmetals

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