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    Biochemistry Notes Part1

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    mdonohueHGHS
    This document provides an overview of chemistry concepts relevant to biology. It defines key terms like element, compound, isotope, and atom. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The location of elements on the periodic table provides their atomic number and properties. Chemical symbols and formulas are used to represent elements and compounds. A chemical reaction involves rearranging atoms to form new substances. Valence electrons determine an element's reactivity as atoms seek full outer electron shells.

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    Biochemistry Notes Part1

    Uploaded by

    mdonohueHGHS
    710 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of chemistry concepts relevant to biology. It defines key terms like element, compound, isotope, and atom. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The location of elements on the periodic table provides their atomic number and properties. Chemical symbols and formulas are used to represent elements and compounds. A chemical reaction involves rearranging atoms to form new substances. Valence electrons determine an element's reactivity as atoms seek full outer electron shells.

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    This document provides an overview of chemistry concepts relevant to biology. It defines key terms like element, compound, isotope, and atom. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The location of elements on the periodic table provides their atomic number and properties. Chemical symbols and formulas are used to represent elements and compounds. A chemical reaction involves rearranging atoms to form new substances. Valence electrons determine an element's reactivity as atoms seek full outer electron shells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    710 views15 pages

    Biochemistry Notes Part1

    Uploaded by

    mdonohueHGHS
    This document provides an overview of chemistry concepts relevant to biology. It defines key terms like element, compound, isotope, and atom. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The location of elements on the periodic table provides their atomic number and properties. Chemical symbols and formulas are used to represent elements and compounds. A chemical reaction involves rearranging atoms to form new substances. Valence electrons determine an element's reactivity as atoms seek full outer electron shells.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Chemistry of Life

    Exploring Life Chapter 4


    By M. Donohue
    Chemistry in Biology???
    -Biology is…and all living things are made up of….MATTER!
    Chemistry
    The study of matter and the changes it under goes
    Are living things changing?

    Matter Anything that takes up space (V) and has mass (g)
    Composed of one or more elements
    Pure substance that cannot be broken down into
    Element other substances by chemical means
    “basic ingredients” of matter; examples gold, helium, oxygen, nitrogen
    Substance containing two OR MORE elements chemically
    Compound combined in a fixed ratio
    example: water, sodium chloride (aka table salt)

    Smallest possible particle of an element; building block of matter


    Atom -derived from Greek word “atomos” which means “indivisible”

    An alternate form of an element; same # of protons, different


    Isotope number of electrons
    Elements
    -Over 100…92 naturally occurring and the rest are synthetic/man-
    Iodine
    made
    -made up of 1 type of atom

    Pure substances
    • About 25 essential elements to life
    • Trace elements
    • Make up less than 0.01% of body mass but are critical
    Iron
    Some Terminology
    •Chemical Symbol
    • One, two or three letters that represent an element on the
    periodic table (H, Al, Uuu)
    • First letter always capitalized, second (and third) ALWAYS
    lowercase
    • Doesn’t always have to be the first letter of the name (ex. Fe
    for Iron, K for Potassium)
    •Chemical Formula
    • Used to represent a COMPOUND (2 or more elements
    bonded together)
    • Subscripts indicate the # of atoms of the preceding element
    inthat compound 2H2 + O2 2 H2O
    • If there is no subscript, it is 1 atom
    • Ex. H2O, NaCl, C6H12O6 H2CO3(aq)  →   H2O(l) + CO2(g)
    •Chemical Equation
    • Representation of a chemical reaction
    • Reactants go in and products come out
    Compounds
    When 2 or more elements are chemically combined in fixed ratios making a new substance with new properties

    PHYSICAL CHANGE/PROPERTIES CHEMICAL CHANGE/PROPERTIES


    Color, shape, texture, amount When two substances are
    • The actual make-up of combined to create a new
    matter/substance does NOT substance with new properties
    change different from those that made it
    • Examples up…Combo of different elements
    • Ripping a piece of paper • Examples
    • Painting a wall • Water H2O
    • Sodium chloride NaCl
    Atomic Theory
    Dalton’s Atomic Theory
    1) All matter is made of atoms that are
    indivisible and indestructible.
    2) All atoms of a given element are identical
    in mass and properties
    3) Compounds are formed by a combination
    of two or more different kinds of atoms.
    4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of
    atoms.
    Structure of an Atom
    -smallest unit of matter that retains properties of element
    -Atom has an electric charge of zero (all positives equal negatives)

    Proton Neutron Electron

    Charge POSITIVE + Neutral 0 NEGATIVE -

    Location Nucleus Nucleus Electron cloud


    around nucleus

    Relative size to
    each other
    •Atomic Number= Number of protons
    •You can find this on the periodic table
    • (smaller # by the element…goes in
    numerical order)
    •In a neutral atom: (charge of 0)
    # of p+ = # of e- -

    •Mass Number = the number of


    protons and neutrons in the
    nucleus of an atom
    • (bigger # on PT)
    •# of neutrons= mass# - atomic#
    Periodic Table Terminology
    •Rows (go left to right) are called Periods
    •Columns (that go up and down) are called
    GROUPS or FAMILIES
    •Number your columns…1(H),2, skip all the
    ones that drop down, 3 (B), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
    •Families share similar characteristics
    • Groups of friends have similar interests, act the same
    • Elements in the same group/family have the SAME
    CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    • They react the same!!
    •Opposites attract…+protons attract
    -electrons and hold them in place in
    the electron cloud
    •Electrons are arranged in “orbitals”
    around the nucleus
    •First orbital/ring has a maximum
    capacity for 2 electrons
    •Each ring after has a MAX Capacity
    for 8 electrons
    •VALENCE electrons are the ones in
    the outer most ring!
    •Columns of the periodic table
    tell you how many valence
    electrons there are
    •# of Protons
    •# of Electrons
    •# of neutrons
    •Mass #
    •Chemical Reactivity
    • More on this later
    PRACTICE!!
    For each of the following, determine:
    a. Atomic Number
    b. Mass Number
    c. Number of Protons
    d. Number of Electrons
    e. Number of neutrons

    1. GOLD
    2.POTASSIUM
    3.XENON
    4. GERMANIUM
    5. TUNGSTEN
    Chemical Reactivity
    Ability of one substance to combine with another
    substance and form a new substance
    ***ELECTRONS*** determine
    chemical reactivity
    •With the EXCEPTION of He
    •Time to play..the
    and H (why do you think they
    are by themselves), all atoms RINGS!!!
    want to try and have 8
    Valence (outer) electrons
    •H and He only need 2 to be
    happy
    •8 valence e- = 
    •2 v.e. =  for H and He

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