HW # 5 Key Solution CE 203 153

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMNT – KFUPM
CE 203
Mechanics of Materials
Summer Semester-153
KEY SOLUTION OF HW # 5
Problem #1: For the cantilever beam as shown in the following figure, plot the shear stress
distribution diagram along the depth of the beam at location a-a. Also, indicate the location
and magnitude of τmax.
The internal shear force

The reaction at the left built-in support = 100 + 150 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30° = 175 𝑘𝑁
Consequently, the SFD shown above indicates that at section a-a, the internal shear force,
𝑉𝑎−𝑎 = 175 𝑘𝑁
Cross-sectional parameters
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 508 × 105 𝑚𝑚4
Recall:
𝑉𝑄
𝜏= , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 𝑦̅ ′ 𝐴′
𝐼𝑡
So,
𝑄𝐵 = 𝑄𝐵′ = 200 × 10 × (100 + 10⁄2) = 21 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
175 × 103 × 21 × 104
𝜏𝐵 ′ = = 3.617 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 = 3.617 𝑀𝑃𝑎
508 × 105 × 200
175 × 103 × 21 × 104
𝜏𝐵 = = 72.34 𝑀𝑃𝑎
508 × 105 × 10
The maximum shear stress, τmax, is located at C, the mid height of the section, where
𝑄𝐶 = 200 × 10 × (100 + 10⁄2) + 10 × 100 × 100⁄2 = 26 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
So,
175 × 103 × 26 × 104
𝜏𝐶 = = 89.57 𝑀𝑃𝑎
508 × 105 × 10
Therefore, shear stress distribution can be plotted as follows:
Problem #2: A beam having an I-section, as shown below, is subjected to a shear force of 1000
N. Determine spacing "s" of the nails along the length of the beam if the allowable shear force in
each nail is 125 N.
Solution
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 43,956,250 𝑚𝑚4
𝑄𝐴 = 130 × 25 × (90 − 12.5) = 251,875 𝑚𝑚3
𝑉 𝑄𝐴 1000 × 251,875
𝑞= = = 5.73 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑁𝐴 43,956,250
𝑞 𝑠 = 5.73𝑠 ≤ 125 𝑁
⇒ 𝑠 ≤ 21.8 𝑚𝑚
Problem #3: A beam having the shown cross section is made by joining its parts using nails
(joining top flange with web) and glue (joining bottom flange with web). If the shear capacity of
the nail is 60 kN and the nail spacing s =80 mm and if the allowable shear stress in the glue is 60
MPa, determine the maximum shear force which the beam can carry safely.
Solution
60  10 3   10  10 3 2 
 60  10   33.3  5   2    10  10   33.3  15   
2
I=
12   12 
 
40  10 3 2 10  60
3
 10  40   46.7  5  +  10  60   40  33.3 
2
+
12 12
 48.55  10 4  6.86  10 4  69.88  10 4  20.69  10 4  145.98  10 4 mm4
QA =60  10   33.3  5  +2  10  10  33.3  15 =2.064  104 mm3
Considering failure of nails at the web-top flange joint

𝑉 𝑄𝐴 𝑉 × 2.064 × 104 2.064𝑉
𝑞= = =
𝐼𝑁𝐴 146 × 104 146
2.064𝑉
𝑞𝑠= × 80 ≤ 60 × 103 𝑁
146
⇒ 𝑉 ≤ 53052 𝑁
Considering failure of glue at the web-bottom flange joint
𝑉𝑄 𝑞
𝜏= =
𝐼𝑡 𝑡
𝑄𝐵 = 40 × 10 × (46.7 − 5) = 1.668 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑉 𝑄𝐵 𝑉 × 1.668 × 104 1.668𝑉
𝑞= = =
𝐼𝑁𝐴 146 × 104 146
𝑉𝑄 𝑞
= ≤ 𝜏𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑒,𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 60 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝐼𝑡 𝑡
1.668𝑉
𝑆𝑜, ≤ 60𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
146 × 10
⇒ 𝑉 ≤ 52517.9 𝑁
Here is the summary:
For the failure of nails at the web-top flange joint not to occur, V ≤ 53052 N
For the failure of glue at the web-bottom flange joint not to occur, V ≤ 52517.9 N
Which of the two cases controls?
So, what is “the maximum shear force which the beam can carry safely?”
Problem #4: The vertical shear force in a beam, with the cross-section shown below, is 8000 N.
i. Determine the required shear strength of the glue
ii. If each nail can resist a shear force of 2500 N, what is the required spacing of such nails
along the length of the beam?
Solution
(i) The required shear strength of the glue

𝑄𝐴 = 30 × 80 × (15 + 35) = 12 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑉 𝑄𝐵 8000 × 12 × 104
𝑞= = = 120 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑁𝐴 8 × 106
Assuming there is no failure of the nails, the required shear strength of the glue is
𝑁
𝑉𝑄 𝑞 120 𝑚𝑚
𝜏𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑒 ≥ = = = 4.0 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 , 𝑜𝑟 4.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼𝑡 𝑡 2 × 15 𝑚𝑚
(ii) Nail spacing
𝑄𝐵 = 2(10 × 50 × (55 + 50 − 25)) = 8 × 104 𝑚𝑚3
𝑉 𝑄𝐵 8000 × 8 × 104
𝑞= = = 80 𝑁/𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑁𝐴 8 × 106
So, if each nail can resist a shear force of 2500 N, then
𝑞 𝑠 = 80𝑠 ≤ 2 × 2500𝑁
⇒ 𝑠 ≤ 62.5 𝑚𝑚
Problem #5: A thin-walled pipe with its both ends closed, has an inner diameter of 150 mm
and a thickness of 6 mm. If it is subjected to an internal pressure of 30 MPa, an axial tension of
70 kN, determine the state of stress at a point on the surface of the pipe.
Solution
𝑟 𝑑 150
= = = 12.5 > 10 ⇒ 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑
𝑡 2𝑡 2 × 6
Solution
Effect of the internal pressure of 30 MPa:
𝑝𝑟
𝐻𝑜𝑜𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝜎ℎ = 𝜎1 = = 30 × 12.5 = 375 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (tension)
𝑡
Because the cylinder is closed at both ends, we also have (extensional) longitudinal stress due to
the internal pressure.
𝑝𝑟 375
𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 𝜎𝑙 = 𝜎2𝑎 = = = 187.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (tension)
2𝑡 2
Effect of the axial tension of 70 kN:
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑑𝑡
The axial tension affects only the longitudinal stress, so the additional longitudinal stress is
𝑃 𝑃 70 × 103
𝜎2𝑏 = = = = 24.757 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝐴 𝜋𝑑𝑡 𝜋 × 150 × 6
So, total longitudinal stress, 𝜎2 = 𝜎2𝑎 + 𝜎2𝑏 = 187.5 + 24.757 = 212.257 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (tension)
Finally, the state of stress at a point on the surface of the pipe can be shown on a differential
element as:

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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMNT – KFUPM

The internal shear force

Considering failure of nails at the web-top flange joint

(i) The required shear strength of the glue

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