Toolkit: Greywater

Management
July 2021
Toolkit: Greywater
Management
Minister's Message
Index

Background 1

Chapter 1: An Introduction to Greywater Management 7

1.1 What is Greywater 7
1.2 Why Greywater Management? 7
1.3 Positive Impacts of Proper Greywater Management 8
1.4 Negative Impacts of Improper Greywater Management 9

Chapter 2: About the Toolkit 11

2.1 Purpose and Target Audience of the Toolkit 11
2.2 Structure of the Toolkit 11

Chapter 3: Guiding Principles of SLWM:

SBM (G) Phase-II 13
3.1 Greywater Treatment 15
3.2 Funding 16

Chapter 4: Greywater Management: Implementation in Rural Areas 19

4.1 Decision Support Matrix Technology Options
for Greywater Management 19

Chapter 5: Major Functions and Functionaries 29

5.1 Major Functions at District Level 30
5.2 Roles of Block Officials, GPs and Households in
Management of Greywater 34

Chapter 6: Information, Education and Communication 39

6.1 Introduction 39
6.2 Key Behaviours to be Promoted for Families and
Communities with Regard to Greywater Management 40
6.3 Indicative IEC Messages 42
6.4 Guidance for Developing IEC Plans and Links to Materials 43

Chapter 7: Capacity Building 45

7.1 Introduction 45
7.2 Topics for Capacity Building of Stakeholders 46
7.3 Steps for Capacity Building of Stakeholders 48

Chapter 8: Operation and Maintenance 51

8.1 Introduction 51
8.2 Operation and Maintenance of Community-level Treatment Units 52
8.3 Operation and Maintenance of Conveyance Systems 53
8.4 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 54
8.5 Record Maintenance 55

Chapter 9: Monitoring 57
9.1 Introduction 57
9.2 What is to be Monitored at GP Level? 57
9.3 What is to be Monitored at Block/District Level? 58
9.4 Key Indicators of Monitoring Greywater Management Activities 58

Annexures 60

Acronyms 69

Glossary 70

List of Tables 71

List of References 72
vviii
vi
iiiii
Background

In February 2020, the Government of India approved Phase-II of the Swachh

Bharat Mission (Grameen) (SBM [G]) with a total outlay of Rs. 1,40,881 crore to
focus on the sustainability of ODF status and solid and liquid waste management
(SLWM). SBM (G) Phase-II is planned to be a novel model of convergence
between different verticals of financing and various schemes of central and state
governments. Apart from budgetary allocations from the Department of Drinking
Water and Sanitation (DDWS) and the corresponding state share, the remaining
funds will be dovetailed from 15th Finance Commission (FC) grants to Rural Local
Bodies (RLBs), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds, and revenue generation
models, etc., particularly for SLWM.

SBM (G) Phase-II has been uniquely designed to leverage the capacity of
individuals and communities in rural India to create a people’s movement and
ensure that the ODF status of rural areas is sustained, people continue to practise
safe hygienic behaviour and all villages have solid and liquid waste management
arrangements.

SBM (G) Phase-II will focus on scalable and commercially viable solutions for
making the sanitation economy attractive to private businesses. Treatment of
faecal sludge, wastewater, biodegradable and plastic waste, and their commercial
sale could turn sanitation and waste management into profitable businesses.
States, through districts/blocks, may provide technical training at village levels
to the local youth to enhance their employability. Potential exists for the private
sector to engage in providing services and undertaking demand generation
activities. In addition, this will result in revenue generation opportunities for

1
community organisations such as self help groups (SHGs), village organisations
(VOs), cluster level federations (CLFs), and contribute to the growth of the local
economy.

Each gram panchayat (GP) shall develop a village swachhata plan (VSP) for
each financial year involving people from all villages, especially women and
marginalised people, and ensure that a credible plan is developed to sustain the
ODF status, and improve solid and liquid waste management in the villages. The
GP shall feed the plan as per gram panchayat development plan (GPDP) planning
principles in the designated plan software, as well as into the SBM (G) Integrated
Management Information System (IMIS).

GPs shall also be the recipients of funds, subject to conformity with state
arrangements, and shall also contribute from their own resources for the
financing of community toilets, and solid and liquid waste management
infrastructure. The GP shall also ensure the correct site selection for building
community toilets in all villages, and especially ensure that areas of the GP with

2
larger populations of weaker sections of society, including scheduled cast (SC)/
scheduled tribe (ST) populations, may receive priority in this regard.

GPs shall ensure that all tied funds for sanitation are invested and utilised as
prescribed in the guidelines issued jointly by DDWS and Ministry of Panchayati
Raj. All institutions and committees working within the GP framework must
prioritise sanitation within their programmes.

For successful implementation of SBM (G), robust financial planning, timely

funding, mobilisation of adequate resources and prudent utilisation of funds are
some of the key factors. In this direction, the State Water and Sanitation Mission
(SWSM)/District Water and Sanitation Mission (DWSM) will prepare year-wise
financial plans by pooling all the available resources for rural sanitation, such
as the central fund, state fund, 15th FC grants to RLBs, funds available under
MGNREGS and other schemes of central/state governments, Members of
Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), Members of Legislative
Assembly Local Area Development Scheme (MLALADS), CSR fund, business
models/public private partnership (PPP), etc. Central financial assistance for
SBM (G) will be released by DDWS from its budgetary allocation and/or extra
budgetary resources, considering various factors.

Solid and liquid waste management: SLWM may include many activities.
However, funding under SBM (G) is allowed only for the major activities
given below:

(i) Purchase of tricycles/battery vehicles for transportation of waste from

households to village-level collection/segregation/storage centres

(ii) Organic waste

(a) Construction of community compost pits at village level
(b) GOBARdhan projects at district level

(iii) Plastic waste

(a) Storage facility at village level
(b) Plastic waste management unit at block/district level

(iv) Greywater management

(a) Construction of community soak pits can be taken up in smaller villages
(i.e., up to 5,000 population). A greywater management system such as

3
 WSP or any other technology can also be taken up with additional fund
support from the 15th FC grants or through convergence with other
central/state government schemes
(b) In bigger villages (i.e., above 5,000 population), apart from community
soak pits, a greywater management system such as WSP or any other
technology can also be taken up

v) Faecal sludge management (FSM)

FSM shall be taken up at the district level for a cluster of villages for single pit
and septic tank toilets. Funding for FSM under SBM (G) can be utilised only for
trenching, drying beds and Faecal Sludge Management Plus (FSMPs) or any
other technology where retrofitting or co-treatment is not possible.

There are separate manuals for all the above elements. This toolkit deals with
greywater management (GWM) in rural areas.

4
6
 CHAPTER 1

An Introduction to Greywater
Management

1.1 What is Greywater?

Greywater is the category of wastewater that is not contaminated with faecal or

urinal matter. This broad category includes post-use water from most domestic
purposes like bathing, washing dishes, laundry, etc. While substantially less
harmful than black water (water that has been contaminated by faecal matter),
greywater still contains potentially hazardous chemical and biological particles.

1.2 Why Greywater Management?

Greywater management is important to achieve public health outcomes in rural

areas. Safely managed greywater can help achieve reduction in vector-borne
diseases, and exposure to water-borne and water-washed disease. If greywater
is managed properly, it can also reduce freshwater demand burdens to a
considerable extent.

Water ‘wasted’ as a result of various human activities at home, in businesses,

or industries is called liquid waste or wastewater. In rural areas, wastewater is
broadly classified as domestic (black water and greywater) and commercial (black
water and greywater) emanating from small scale industries, hotels, slaughter
houses, laundries, etc.

The availability and use of fresh water in rural areas is increasing with the revised
norms for supply of 55 litres per capita per day (LPCD) under the Jal Jeevan
Mission (JJM). The increased use of freshwater will also entail the challenge of
increased generation of greywater. Thus, its effective management is crucial. As
unsafe disposal of greywater has a significant adverse impact on human health
and the environment, appropriate treatment of greywater at the household and
community levels becomes even more necessary.

7
1.3 Positive Impacts of Proper Greywater
Management

Positive Impacts of Effective Greywater Management

Improved public health: Mismanaged greywater provides

suitable conditions for the growth of vectors such as
mosquitoes, which in turn are responsible for the spread of
many endemic diseases like malaria, filariasis, and dengue.
Effective greywater management can contribute significantly
to reduction in water-borne and water-washed diseases.
Together, these lead to improved public health

Water conservation: Every household which consumes fresh

water inevitably generates greywater and the quantity of
greywater is directly proportional to the quantity of fresh water
consumed. It is also a known fact that greywater can be reused
or sent back into the ground using simple technologies to
recharge groundwater, thus leading to savings on freshwater
requirements. It is thus evident that the freshwater crisis and
the greywater problem are interconnected, so the solutions
to both these problems are also interdependent. It is the dire
need of the hour to realise these facts and to act on them.
Greywater management can thus, substantially promote water
conservation

Contribution to nutritional requirements: Greywater

can be reused in kitchen gardens at the household level
or in plantations on a village scale. Scientific and strategic
management of greywater can help to grow fresh fruits and
vegetables, and thus can contribute to an enhanced level of
family nutrition

Increase in green cover: Greywater, when effectively

managed, can promote green cover in the form of individual
kitchen gardens or village-level gardens/plantations, which
collectively have a positive impact on the environment

8
1.4 Negative Impacts of Improper
Greywater Management

Risks Posed by Poor Management of Greywater

01 02 03 04

Impact on Unpleasant Pollution of Wastage

health surroundings water bodies of water,
a precious
Mismanaged Greywater Wastewater natural
greywater that flows including resource
provides indiscriminately greywater can
suitable in lanes and also flow into Greywater
conditions for on roads nearby water is nothing
the growth can result in bodies such as but soiled
of vectors muddy patches rivers, ponds, fresh water.
such as and stinking and streams, With some
mosquitoes, swamps and and pollute treatment, it
which in cause serious them can be reused
turn are inconvenience. for purposes
responsible It can also other than
for the spread stagnate in drinking, thus
of many low-lying areas considerably
endemic reducing the
diseases load on fresh
like malaria, drinking water
filariasis, and sources
dengue

9
10
 CHAPTER 2

About the Toolkit

2.1 Purpose and Target Audience of

the Toolkit

The main purpose of this toolkit is to provide step-by-step guidance to district/

block/GP-level functionaries in planning, implementing and monitoring activities
related to greywater management. This toolkit sets out all connected
sub-activities, responsibilities, and key specifications, where required. It also
provides a few indicative tools for officials to use during the implementation of
greywater management activities.

2.2 Structure of the Toolkit

This toolkit is divided into four section:.

A brief on the Guiding principles on Step- Supportive

background possible technological by-step tools for
of the toolkit options for GWM, both at guidance implementation
and need for HH and community levels, for the of GWM
GWM in rural and financial provisions roll-out of (as annexures)
areas under SBM (G) Phase-II GWM

11
12
12
 CHAPTER 3

Guiding Principles of SLWM:

SBM (G) Phase-II

The central government released the guidelines for Swachh Bharat Mission
(Grameen) Phase-II in February, 2020. According to the guidelines, effective
management of liquid waste by at least 80 per cent of households is one of the
key objectives of this phase.

13
Villages should consider the following points before preparing the plan for
greywater management and its implementation:

Guiding Principles for SLWM including Greywater Management

Ensuring that no one is

1 left behind

Prioritising community
assets for SLWM 2
Utilisating existing SLWM
3 infrastructure

Promoting
SLWM reuse 4
Converging with other
schemes, primarily 15th FC
5 and MGNREGS

Developing
business models 6
Maintaining operation and
maintenance (O&M) as an integral
component to planning
7
Encouraging
technologies with low
O&M cost for SLWM 8
Ensuring flexibility to states in
choosing technology options
9 best suited to local needs

Clustering villages for

maximum economic
efficiency 10
Prioritising villages
located by the Ganga and
11 other water bodies

14
3.1 Greywater Treatment

Figure 1: Treatment Options for Greywater

5,000 5,000
Villages with Villages with
more than 5,000 up to 5,000
population population

 Conveyance systems like  HH-level treatment units

underground/small bore (preferable)
sewers/closed drainage
 Community-level soak pits
lines
 Conveyance systems
 Community-level
and community-level
treatment systems like
treatment, wherever
WSP/DEWATS/constructed
needed
wetlands and other
treatment systems

15
3.1.1 Greywater Treatment in Villages with more than
5,000 Population
As per the SBM (G) Phase-II guidelines, treatment options like WSP/DEWATS/
constructed wetlands, etc., and conveyance systems should be preferred.
These villages should plan for:
 Conveyance systems like underground/small bore sewers/closed drainage lines

 Treatment systems like WSP/DEWATS/constructed wetlands, etc.

SBM (G) Phase-II guidelines recommend treatment of greywater at the place nearest
to the point of generation. The districts, blocks and GPs should, therefore, promote
household-level treatment units like soak pits, leach pits, kitchen gardens for
greywater management. Such decentralised systems involve low capital cost, low
operation and maintenance cost and are also easy for members of households to
maintain. Such systems do not require centralised spaces.

3.1.2 Greywater Treatment in Villages up to 5,000

Population
In smaller GPs/villages, more decentralised and household-centric approaches like
individual soak pits/leach pits/magic pits/kitchen garden are more feasible and
preferred. In such villages, household-level treatment units will be set up as far as
possible. In cases where such household-level units are not possible, group-level/
community-level units will be prescribed.

With additional funds granted under the 15th FC and through convergence with
other state funds, states, districts and GPs shall have the flexibility to take up
conveyance and treatment systems for smaller villages as well, depending on the
agro-climatic factors. For larger villages having a population of less than 5,000,
community-level soak pits may be planned based on the terrain, groundwater level
and population density.

3.2 Funding

For successful implementation of SBM (G), robust financial planning, timely funding,
mobilisation of adequate resources and prudent utilisation of funds are extremely
important. The possible funding resources for greywater management activities are
given in Table 1.

16
Table 1: Financial Provisions for Greywater Management
According to SBM (G) Phase-II

Components Financial assistance

Village size Financial support

Up to 5,000
Village- GWM: Up to Rs. 280 per capita
popula on
level GWM
ac vi es Above 5,000
GWM: Up to Rs. 660 per capita
GWM popula on
ac vi es Note: 1. 30 per cent of this amount will be
borne by the GPs from their 15th FC grants;
District-level GWM ac vi es 2. Each village can u lise a total of Rs. 1 lakh
based on their requirements for both solid
waste and GWM
Up to 5 per cent of the total funding for programma c
IEC and capacity building components (up to 3 per cent to be used at state/district
levels and up to 2 per cent at central level)
States can use flexi funds as per Ministry of Finance
guidelines issued in this regard from me to me for
Flexi funds innova ons/technology op ons at the state level to meet
the local needs and requirements within the overall
objec ve of the scheme

3.2.1 Business Models/CSR Projects

Commercially viable solutions for greywater management can make the
sanitation economy attractive to private businesses. In addition, this will result
in revenue generation opportunities for community organisations. Interventions
based on remunerative models and on the principles of cost-sharing, cost
recovery and revenue generation need to be promoted.

Incentive and funding mechanism

Swachhagrahis will be given an incentive for each activity against successful
completion of any allocated activities after due verification of the photographs of
the activity along with the capturing of the date, time, geographical co-ordinates
and total duration of the activity.

17
18
 CHAPTER 4

Greywater Management:
Implementation in Rural Areas

4.1 Decision Support Matrix Technology

Options for Greywater Management

19
Villages should consider the following decision support matrix to identify
interventions that would be needed for implementation of greywater
management in their villages.

Figure 2: Greywater Management Technologies

Greywater management technologies

HH-level Community level

• Soak pit
• Leach pit
• Magic pit
5–15 HH kitchen Village as a whole
• Kitchen garden/leach pit WSP/CW/DEWATS/
SBT/phytorid/others
garden

Conveyance systems
small bore sewers/
closed drains

20
Figure 3: Technology Options for Permanent High Water
Table/Water Logged Areas

Permanent high water table areas

Space available at HH Inadequate space

Kitchen garden Space with low No space nearby

water table nearby

Small bore system/

Community leach pit
WSP/reed bed system/
for group of houses
DEWATS/SBT/others

21
Figure 4: Technology Options for Hard Strata Areas

Hard strata/rocky strata

Space available at HH Inadequate space

Space with No space nearby

Kitchen garden permeable soil nearby

Community leach pit Small bore system/

for group of houses WSP/reed bed system/
DEWATS/SBT/others

22
Figure 5: Technology Options for Other Areas

Space at HH-level

Adequate Inadequate space

space

Kitchen garden/ Semipermeable Impermeable

Permeable soil
leach pit soil/B.C. soil soil

Leach pit Modified leach pit

Space with No space nearby

permeable soil
nearby

Community Small bore system

leach pit for WSP/reed bed
group of houses system/DEWATS/SBT/
others

Details of each of the above technologies are provided in the technical

manual on greywater management.

23
Each village should develop a village-level plan for
greywater management

The Village Action/Swachhata Plan (VAP/VSP) should cover the

following aspects of greywater management:

 Existing number of households connected to

household-level treatment units

 Details of existing conveyance systems, if any

 Number and details of community-level greywater

treatment units

 Number of households that need to be connected to

household-level treatment units

 Number of households that need to be connected to

community-level treatment units

 Quality of the greywater generated so that community

treatment facilities may be planned

 Availability of land for development of community treatment

facilities

 Requirements for conveyance systems

 Estimated amount of greywater generated

 Details of greywater reuse and recharge, if any

 Funds received for greywater management and expenditure

24
Table 2: Checklist for GP-level implementation for Greywater
Management

A Situa on analysis

Whether all HHs are connected to HH/community-level (Yes/No)

1
greywater treatment units?

If no, what is the number of HHs that are not connected to __________
2
HH/community-level greywater treatment units?

Soak pits__________
Leach pits__________
3 How many HHs have HH-level greywater treatment units? Magic pits__________
Kitchen gardens
__________
How many community-level greywater treatment units are
4
there in the GP?
6 Type of conveyance system in the GP
7 Length of the conveyance system __________meters
8 Length of drainage lines that are silted __________meters
9 Length of drainage lines that need repairs __________meters
10 Amount of greywater reused __________litres
Details of greywater reuse

Sr. No Purpose Quan ty of greywater reused

11 __________litres
__________litres
__________litres

B Planning for GWM

Number of HHs that need to be connected to HH-level
1
greywater treatment units

25
 Number of HHs that need to be connected to community-
2
level greywater treatment units
3 Length of addi onal conveyance lines required
Please provide details about greywater treatment units required

Sr. Loca on Treatment Number of Treatment Amount of

No. of the technology HHs proposed capacity greywater
proposed proposed to be of the unit proposed
treatment connected to (litres/day) to be
unit the unit treated per
day (litres)

Loca on of the proposed treatment unit

Treatment technology proposed
Number of HHs proposed to be connected to the unit
Treatment capacity of the unit (litres/day)
Amount of greywater proposed to be treated per day (litres)
Financial details
Amount of funds received for GWM in financial year_____ Rs._______________
11
Amount of funds spent on GWM in financial year_____ Rs._______________
Amount of GWM funds unspent in financial year_____ Rs._______________

4.1.1 Block-level Plan for Greywater Management

The block-level plan for greywater management should include the
following:
 Number of GPs where greywater management has been initiated

 Compilation of the status of greywater management in all GPs of the block

 Detailed plan preparation for IEC activities to be conducted

 Detailed plan preparation capacity building exercise to be conducted with

various stakeholders

 Financial plan based on the plans prepared

26
Indicative business models
 Creation, operation and maintenance of waste stabilization ponds to be
outsourced to private operators

 Outsourcing operation and maintenance of greywater management system

to private operators

 Involvement of SHGs/VOs, etc., wherever feasible

 Local entrepreneurs, SHGs, youth groups, etc. can be encouraged to take up

various activities pertaining to management of greywater and marketing of
its by-products

27
28
 CHAPTER 5

Major Functions and

Functionaries
The SBM (G) Phase-II programme promotes treatment of greywater at the
place nearest to the point of generation and prescribe easy-to-use technology
interventions with low operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the actions
for greywater management need to be carried out at the GP level. However,
district officials play the crucial role of providing technical support for planning
and implementation of interventions, choice and selection of technology,
implementation of IEC activities, capacity building of stakeholders, monitoring
effective implementation of greywater management activities, and so on.

29
5.1 Major Functions at District Level

The proposed district-level role for implementation of greywater management

is mainly around providing support to GPs for planning, implementation and
operation and maintenance of greywater management assets and systems. These
are presented in figure 6.

Figure 6: Role of Districts in Greywater Management

Role of districts in GWM

Support in planning

Support in implementation

Support for O&M and monitoring

30
The following table presents the role of districts in various phases.

Table 3: Role of Districts in Each Phase of Greywater

Management

No Key func on Key stakeholders at Role of district

district level

1. Support in District Swachh  Support GPs in prepara on of village

planning at GP Bharat Mission Cell: ac on/swachhata plans in consulta ons
level District Coordinator with Sarpanch/Mukhiya and Panch
of SBM (G), Assistant
Coordinator (Tech.),  Prepare a GP implementa on schedule
Consultants, IEC and metable
Specialist, HRD and  Build capacity of concerned stakeholders
Capacity Building for facilita on of the planning process at
Specialist, M&E cum GP level
MIS Specialist, SWM
Specialist, LWM  Conduct IEC ac vi es regarding need
Specialist; District and importance of GWM and proposed
Engineers; members ac vi es under SBM (G) Phase-II at GP
of line departments, level
relevant district-  Organise district-level mee ng of
level ins tu ons, concerned stakeholders for finalisa on
commi ees, etc. of targets and ac ons
 Finalise the financial plan for the
proposed ac ons
 Document the VAP/VSP and its approval
 Hold coordina on mee ngs with other
departments
2. Implementa on Treat greywater:
 Roll out the implementa on plan at the
GP level
 Assist GPs in choosing the best
technology as per their situa on
 Communicate with blocks regarding the
block-level steps
 Provide technical support/capacity
building to the GPs on construc on and
implementa on

31
No Key func on Key stakeholders at Role of district
district level

 Hold regular reviews to ensure that all

HHs are connected to GWM facili es
and greywater is not being discharged in
the open
 Conduct inter- and intra-district/state
exposure visit for village func onaries

3. O&M Reduce use of freshwater:

 Issue instruc ons to GPs regarding steps
to be taken
 Conduct awareness campaigns and
ac vi es for importance of water and
the use of fresh water
 Build capacity of local func onaries

Reuse and recharge greywater:

 Conduct IEC ac vi es for spreading
awareness about the importance of
and need for reuse and recharge of
greywater
 Establish linkages for industrial /
ins tu onal/irriga onal reuse of
greywater
 Build capacity of the GP and block
func onaries
 Regularly review and monitor the
amount of water reused/recharged and
possible measures for op mised reuse
 Guide the GPs, if required

32
No Key func on Key stakeholders at Role of district
district level

4. IEC for GWM  Include IEC/communica on plan in the

district ac on plan
 Implement IEC ac vi es for GWM as per
the plan
 Provide funds required for implemen ng
the IEC plan to blocks, GPs and/
or agencies involved, under the IEC
component
 Monitor IEC implementa on in all GPs
5. Capacity building  Prepare a capacity building calendar
(CB)
 Iden fy and empanel resource persons/
agencies
 Implement the training calendar as per
schedule
 Monitor capacity building ac vi es
6. Monitoring  Support GPs for undertaking proper
O&M of the treatment units through
various working models developed at
various GPs in the country
 Maintain records at various levels
 Monitor various GWM-related ac vi es
in the district
 Monitor the wastewater quan ty and
quality for be er sustenance
 Iden fy problem areas/issues regarding
GWM
 Make necessary changes in the GWM
systems/prac ces to ensure proper
func oning

33
5.2 Roles of Block Officials, GPs and
Households in Management of
Greywater

Table 4: Role of Households in Greywater Management

Key
Level Roles in management of greywater
stakeholders

 Hold a mee ng with all GPs in the block and orient them
on GWM provisions and principles
 Promote parallel implementa on in all villages
Block
Coordinator  Iden fy villages/GPs that would need convergent ac on
and SLWM and support them plan together
Coordinator
Blocks  Undertake IEC ac vi es at village and block levels
of Block
Water and  Prepare block-level plans to support GPs in undertaking
Sanita on GWM
Commi ee
 Promote applica on of reduce, reuse and recharge of
greywater
 Monitor the status and progress of ac vi es for GWM

 Judiciously use fresh water so that minimum quan ty of

greywater is generated
 Set up HH-level treatment units wherever feasible
 Mantain O&M of the HH-level treatment units
GPs/HHs
 Ensure discharge of HH greywater into conveyance
system if applicable
 Support reuse of greywater for various purposes
 Organise greywater recharge wherever feasible

34
Table 5: Major Liquid Waste Management Activities that can
be Financed Using 15th Finance Commission Tied Funds for
Sanitation

Descrip on of ac vi es Assets created

Waste stabiliza on pond – 3-pond

system

Waste stabiliza on pond – 5-pond

system

GWM system Constructed wetland

Decentralized wastewater
treatment systems (DEWATS)

Phytorid

Duckweed pond

O&M of GWM system

Construc on of drainage channel for management of Drainage channel

liquid waste

Construc on of small-bore pipe conveyance system Small-bore pipe system

Construc on of silt, oil and grease chamber for Silt, oil and grease chamber
pre-treatment of greywater before channelizing into
community GWM system

Construc on of soak pits at individual HH-level for Individual soak pit

on-site GWM

Construc on of common soak pits for a group of HHs Community soak pit
for on-site treatment of GWM

O&M of community soak pits

Repair of drainage channels

Drainage arrangements for transporta on of Drainage channel in mul ple

wastewater from a group of villages to a common villages
treatment unit

Construc on of waste se lement ponds for a group of Waste se lement pond

villages

O&M of mul village wastewater arrangements

35
The Village Action/Swachhata Plan should cover the following aspects of
greywater management:
 Existing number of households connected to household-level treatment units

 Details of existing conveyance systems, if any

 Number and details of community-level greywater treatment units

 Number of households that need to be connected to household-level

treatment units

 Number of households that need to be connected to community-level

treatment units

 Quality of the greywater generated to plan community treatment facilities

 Availability of land for development of community treatment facilities

 Requirements for conveyance systems

 Estimated amount of greywater generated

 Details of greywater reuse and recharge, if any

 Funds received for greywater management and expenditure

36
37
38
 CHAPTER 6

Information, Education and

Communication

6.1 Introduction

IEC will continue to be at the core of programme implementation.

6.1.1 Information, Education and Communication

The community engagement approaches ingrained in IEC concepts will be critical
for nudging households and communities towards desired behaviour change
related to effective greywater management. Since household-level treatment
of greywater forms a critical component of greywater management, generating
awareness within households and communities along with encouraging their
active participation in harnessing this resource is necessary, and includes
judicious consumption of fresh water and avoiding water wastage. It is essential
to seek people's commitment and to mobilise key stakeholders at all stages of
greywater management – from the point of generation to disposal, treatment
and reuse. This will also include raising awareness regarding proper operation and
maintenance of individual and community assets created.

IEC activities are not to be treated as ‘stand-alone’ activities of

the SBM (G) Phase-II. The Swachh Bharat Mission is primarily
concerned with IEC and positive behaviour change relating
to the adoption of safe and sustainable usage and sanitation
practices.

39
6.2 Key Behaviours to be Promoted
for Families and Communities with
Regard to Greywater Management

 Judicious use of freshwater to reduce generation of greywater

 On-site greywater treatment wherever possible

 Regular operation and maintenance of greywater treatment plants/liquid

waste management assets

 Discharge of household greywater into conveyance system where applicable

 Support for reuse of greywater for various purposes

 Use of treated greywater for the purpose of groundwater recharge

As part of this process, it is essential to recognise the behavioural challenges

that exist in driving uptake of greywater management among communities.
Some barriers to the adoption of greywater management practices include
limited knowledge around the practices and benefits of greywater management,
low awareness on the linkages between incorrect disposal of greywater and
human health, and insufficient knowledge around the environmental impacts of
indiscriminate greywater disposal. In addition, there are gaps in the efficacy and
skills among both populations and administrators on how to establish greywater
management practices, and insufficient information about how to access
greywater management services and wastewater conveyance systems. Overall,
at the community level, there are no norms and systems in place for the disposal
of greywater, or for monitoring how greywater is currently disposed of. At the
institutional level, the ability to drive behaviour change is impacted by insufficient
availability of information around the options and technologies related to
greywater management, as well as the low availability of skilled human resources.
To address this situation, an IEC/BCC strategy design matrix has been included in
this toolkit as Annexure 2.

40
Figure 7: Role of Districts in IEC

Planning
Inclusion of IEC/communication plan in
the district action plan
Development of an annual calendar of IEC
activities by districts based on this plan

The district Implementation

plays a key role
in planning and Implementation of IEC activities for
implementation GWM as per the plan
of IEC activities
for GWM
Funding

Provision of funds required for implementing

the IEC plan to blocks, GPs and/or agencies
involved in its implementation, under the IEC
component

Monitoring

Monitoring of IEC implementation in

all GPs

41
6.3 Indicative IEC Messages

 Save water/Conserve water/Water is precious

 Reuse greywater after proper treatment

 Go green with greywater: Use greywater to water your plants

 Be “Greywater Smart”, treat your greywater through appropriate technology

option

 Adopt twin-pit toilet technology

 Do not mix greywater and black water to avoid health hazards associated
with contamination

 Don’t contaminate water bodies with grey/black water

Figure 8: IEC Message in Hindi Promoting Soak Pits

42
6.4 Guidance for Developing IEC Plans
and Links to Materials

Templates have been made available to help develop IEC plans, which can be
collated at the district level (see Annexure 3).

Figure: 9: Dos and Don’ts of Greywater Management

Dos Don’ts

 Promote on-site treatment of  Keep greywater

greywater stagnant for longer
durations because it can
 Use treated greywater only for
spread diseases
watering gardens, irrigation,
toilet flushing, commercial  Deal with greywater
vehicle washing with your bare hands
 Recharge greywater wherever  Let black water enter
possible the greywater treatment
units or the conveyance
 Ensure optimum usage of fresh
system
water in order to generate the
minimum greywater  Use harmful acids or
detergents for washing
 Take care of your greywater
or toilet flushing
treatment units with proper O&M
 Discharge greywater in
 Use nahani trap at locations
the open
of greywater generation, i.e.,
bathroom, sink, etc.

43
44
 CHAPTER 7

Capacity Building

7.1 Introduction

Building the capacities of key stakeholders is necessary to effectively plan,

implement and monitor ODF plus activities under SBM (G) Phase-II. The key
stakeholders need to be trained on different core elements of greywater
management, including behavioural change communication along with planning,
implementation and monitoring of IEC/BCC activities, construction activities,
quality supervision, operation and maintenance, retrofitting, etc.

Capacity building is a cross-cutting component of greywater management,

which means that capacity building activities of key stakeholders should be
performed regularly as per need. Apart from the district/block and PRI officials,
the role of engineers, consultants and accountants at the district and block level;
Sarpanch/Mukhiya/Pradhan, Village Secretary, GP members, VWSC members
and Swachhagrahis – the frontline human resource who will be taking forward
the greywater management initiatives – as well as technicians such as masons,
plumbers, etc. at the GP level is also crucial. Swachhagrahis are key agents for
bringing about behaviour change in the community, as demonstrated by their
successful mobilisation in Phase I of SBM (G). Therefore, it is important that the
incentivisation structure for Swachhagrahis be finalised for each component of
ODF plus, as per SBM Phase-II guidelines.

45
7.2 Topics for Capacity Building of
Stakeholders

District/block-level officials

 Importance of water

 Need and impact of greywater management

 Population-wise household-level/community-level treatment

options

 Technology options for conveyance of greywater

 Technology options for greywater treatment – their applicability,

pros and cons, technical specifications and designs, and possible
modifications/improvisations

 Reuse and recharge of greywater

 Allocation of funds and disbursement


EC activities and their mode of implementation

 O&M of greywater management structures

 Monitoring of greywater management activities

 Monitoring of village water bodies for

quality of water

46
GP-level functionaries
 Importance of water

 Concept and sources of greywater

 Need and impacts of greywater management

 Simple ways to stop greywater conversion into black water

 Technology options for greywater management

 Need for reduction in use of freshwater to control generation of

greywater

 Need for and ways of reuse and recharge of greywater

 IEC activities for greywater management

 O&M of greywater management structures

 Mapping of greywater management activities in GPDP

 Convergence of funds and activities at GP level, including FFC

funds

 Monitoring of greywater management activities

47
7.3 Steps for Capacity Building of
Stakeholders

The schematic below provides the steps that should be taken at the district level,
to deliver trainings on greywater management to various stakeholders. It outlines
the need to create a timeline of greywater management capacity building events
that will take place at the district and block levels, to identify resource persons
for these events, and for monitoring of the capacity building activities. A capacity
building planning template is attached as Annexure 4

Figure 10: Steps for Capacity Building of Stakeholders

Preparation of calendar Identification and empanelment

Preparation of calendar of capacity Identification and empanelment
building events for GWM at district of resource persons for various topics
and block levels including the topics regarding GWM
of capacity building initiatives,
target stakeholders,
tentative dates and venue
of the training, etc.

Monitoring Implementation
Monitoring of the trainings Implementation of the
and other capacity building training calendar as per
events through sample schedule
visits, reports and review
meetings

48
49
50
 CHAPTER 8

Operation and Maintenance

8.1 Introduction

The operation and maintenance of greywater treatment units is a multi-faceted

responsibility. It includes in its coverage the conveyance systems, the community-
level treatment units, grievance redressal mechanisms and record maintenance
protocol. The construction contract for any treatment facility should include
operation and maintenance for five years as a mandatory condition.

The responsibilities for 0peration and maintenance of various components of

greywater management are presented in the table below:

Table 6: Operation and Maintenance Responsibility for Various

Greywater Management Components

Sr No Components of GWM O&M responsibility

1 HH-level treatment units HHs through their own funds

Group-level treatment units and

2 HHs concerned collec vely
conveyance systems

GPs through 15th FC funds, MGNREGS,

3 Community/GP-level treatment units
business models/CSR

GPs through 15th FC funds, MGNREGS,

4 Community/GP-level conveyance systems
business models/CSR

The operation and maintenance needs for various systems for greywater
management are elaborated in the following sections.

51
8.2 Operation and Maintenance of
Community-level Treatment Units

For operation and maintenance of greywater treatment units, the

followings tasks need to be carried out:

At the household level

 Installation of screens into the drains coming out of the households

 Regular cleaning and removal of inoragnic/unwanted materials from drains at

the household level

 Maintenance of cleanliness and hygienic condition on the premises

 Removal of grit, dirt, plastic, paper, etc. from the drains where the household
drain is connected to the drain outside the house

At the community level

 Installation of screens, etc. for removal of inorganic/unwanted materials like
plastic, grit, paper, etc. as per the schedules

 Operation of treatment units as per the schedule prescribed by the

technology provider

 Maintenance of conducive conditions in each unit as described by the

technology provider

 Routine cleaning of the filter beds, aeration tanks, sludge holding tanks, etc.,
as applicable

 Operation of disinfection unit, optimisation of chemical dosage required as

per the quality of incoming liquid

 Servicing and overhauling of all the electro-mechanical devices (pumps,

motor, blowers, light fittings, control panel, etc.) as per the schedule

 Checking the efficiencies of all electro mechanical devices and relaying

information to the authorities about any major repairs/replacements required

 Checking of all the civil structures for leakages, and adoption of corrective
actions, if required

52
 Raking of screens in the screening chamber and disposal of screenings in an
environmentally responsible manner, if applicable

 Replacement/replenishing of bio-media/culture as required

 Painting of the interior and exterior of the units as per the schedule

 Routine testing of effluent parameters like Biochemical Oxygen Demand

(BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS),
Total Nitrogen (T-N) and Total Phosphorus (T-P), etc. prior to discharge and
adoption of corrective measures in case permissible values are exceeded

 Contacting of agencies/local farmers for use of treated effluent for non-

potable purposes like irrigation

8.3 Operation and Maintenance of

Conveyance Systems

The operation and maintenance of conveyance systems includes:

 Cleaning/de-siltation of all the drainage lines, chambers, manholes, etc. as per
the schedule

 Carrying out of minor repairs of the drainage lines like replacing broken
sections, leakages in the lines and chambers, manhole covers, etc.

 Adoption of corrective measures at locations where frequent blockages are

observed, if applicable. (e.g., installation of a screen upstream of sections, any
other possible intervention)

 Major repair/replacement if required

 Checking of the connections from toilets (black water), if any, and relaying
of information to the authorities accordingly regarding the need for further
action such as the initiation of disconnection from the network

 Periodic checking of whether the house drains are connected to an inspection

chamber with a screen prior to connection to the public drains

A list of repair service providers is required to be maintained at the unit to ensure

timely repairs and maintenance of the system.

53
8.4 Grievance Redressal Mechanism

Mechanisms need to be set up through which the consumers can raise their
complaints or grievances regarding greywater management services. The
complaint or grievance resolution time frame needs to be drafted. The following
options can be considered by the district for grievance redressal:

 Maintenance of a register at GP/block/district offices wherein complaints may

be registered

 Establishment of a helpline number where the consumers can register their

complaints

 Use of online platforms like creation of social media groups, setting up of

dedicated email addresses, establishment of portals, etc. where complaints
can be registered

54
8.5 Record Maintenance

At the GP level, the Sarpanch/Gram Pradhan/Village Secretary and the

Swachhagrahi will be responsible for maintaining the records, whereas at the
district level, the liquid waste management (LWM) consultant, along with the
data entry operator, will be responsible for maintaining the records. The following
records need to be maintained and updated periodically:

 GP-level records
 Number of households with household-level treatment units
Number of households connected to community-level treatment units
Nature of conveyance systems
Amount of greywater treated at the community-level units
Volume of water reused for non-potable purposes along with the details
of the farmer
Farmer/agency using treated water
Details of maintenance activities undertaken for the collection network
Incoming and outgoing water quality parameters
Log of complaints received and redressal measures taken
Funds received for greywater management and expenditure, etc.

 District-level records
IEC activities (number of IEC activities conducted, number of
beneficiaries, number of villages covered, etc.)
Capacity building activities (number of capacity building activities
conducted, type of activities, number of beneficiaries, number of villages
covered, etc.)
Financial records
Records of complaints and their redressal, etc.

55
56
 CHAPTER 9

Monitoring

9.1 Introduction

Effective monitoring of outputs and outcomes will be a critical matter for focus
in relation to ODF sustainability and villages with effective solid and liquid
waste management arrangements. Monitoring helps to measure the overall
implementation quality, progress and output of greywater management activities
in the district. District officials are responsible for regularly monitoring these
activities.

9.2 What is to be Monitored at GP Level?

 Village greywater action plan prepared

 Number of households covered in the action plan

 Number of households with greywater treatment units

 Number of households connected to the community-level greywater

treatment unit

 Volume of water reused for non-potable purposes

 Absence of stagnant water in the village

57
9.3 What is to be Monitored at Block/
District Level?

 Implementation of capacity building activities as per the plan

 Fund disbursal and its uses

 Number of GPs with household-level greywater management units

 Number of GPs with community-level treatment arrangements

 Number of GPs connected to household-level and community-level

treatment units

 Number of blocks with greywater management

 Maintenance activities undertaken for conveyance systems and treatment

units

 Effective convergence of government schemes

 Efforts towards private partnerships and revenue generation models

 Implementation of IEC activities as per the plan

9.4 Key Indicators of Monitoring

Greywater Management Activities

For key indicators of monitoring greywater management activities, please refer to

Annexure 1.

58
59
Annexures

60
Annexure 1

Key Indicators for Monitoring Greywater

Management Activities
No Component Key monitoring indicators

 Number of GPs with GWM arrangements

 Absence of stagnant water in public places
1 Overall GWM
 Number of blocks fully covered by GWM arrangements
 Details of the GWM arrangements

Reduce
 Awareness campaigns and ac vi es for reducing the use of fresh
2 genera on of
water
greywater

 Number of HHs, ins tu ons and public places with GWM

facili es
Greywater  Applica on of HH-level treatment wherever possible
3
treatment
 Use of appropriate technology for GWM
 Details of O&M of the treatment units

Reuse and  Amount of treated greywater reused and recharged

4 recharge of  Number and status of IEC ac vi es conducted for reuse and
greywater recharge

 Fund disbursal under SBM (G) Phase-II

 Use of funds disbursed under SBM (G) Phase-II
 Effec ve convergence of government schemes
5 Funding  Ac vi es for private partnerships
 Efforts for revenue genera on models
 Amount of by-products generated, product-wise amounts sold,
details of revenue generated

61
No Component Key monitoring indicators

 Number of IEC ac vi es conducted

IEC and
6. community  Number of beneficiaries
mobilisa on
 Number of villages covered

 Number of capacity building ac vi es conducted

Capacity  Type of ac vi es conducted

7.
building  Number of beneficiaries
 Number of villages covered

 Number of complaints registered

8. O&M  Number of complaints addressed
 Maintenance of proper records

62
 Annexure 2

IEC/BCC Strategy Design Matrix

Based on the identified roles and responsibilities of the key stakeholders at district and sub-district levels, a suggested IEC/
BCC matrix has been developed to support districts in planning and implementing IEC/BCC activities.

Level Key Key expected Key communica on Topics of key Communica on Communica on aid/
stakeholders behaviours objec ves messages channels IEC tools required

District  Promo on of  Increase awareness  Promo on  One-to-one  Evidence-based

coordinator principles of around the benefits of principles mee ngs and advocacy package
and SLWM 'reduce', 'reuse' and op ons of of 'reduce', orienta on in local languages

63
coordinator of and 'recharge' GWM 'reuse' and workshops  Factsheets
District Water in rela on to 'recharge' in with key
and Sanita on  Build planning and  Video films
greywater rela on to stakeholders
Commi ee implementa on
greywater  Audio
 Monitoring of capaci es aimed at  Field
the status and HH and community-  Monitoring exposure programmes
progress of level behaviour of the status visits  Capacity building
ac vi es for change around and progress workshops and
GWM GWM of ac vi es conven ons

DISTRICTS
for GWM
 Adapta on of IEC
materials developed
at the state level
 Monitoring of
checklists for IEC/
BCC ac vi es
 Level Key Key expected Key communica on Topics of key Communica on Communica on aid/
stakeholders behaviours objec ves messages channels IEC tools required

Block  Prepara on of  Increase awareness  Prepara on  One-to-one  Informa on

coordinator block-level IEC/ around benefits and of block- mee ngs with package in local
and SLWM BCC plans for op ons for GWM level IEC/ the block language
coordinator of GWM BCC plans for development
 Build capaci es to Factsheets
Block Water GWM officers,
 Promo on of plan for and drive
and Sanita on technical Video films
principles of community-level  Promo on
Commi ee teams,
'reduce', 'reuse' behaviour change of principles Audio
panchayat
and 'recharge' related to GWM of 'reduce', programmes
func onaries
in rela on to 'reuse' and  Other printed
greywater 'recharge' in  Sensi sa on
material such as
workshops

BLOCKS
rela on to leaflets and posters
 Monitoring of
greywater  Exposure
the status and  Capacity building

64
progress of  Monitoring visits
workshops
ac vi es for of the status
GWM and progress
of ac vi es
for GWM

Sarpanch/  Prepara on of  Build awareness  Prepara on  One-to-one  Informa on

Pradhan, village GP-level plans for among local of GP-level mee ngs/IPC package in local
secretary, GP GWM decision makers on plans for with social language
members, the benefits and GWM distancing  Factsheets
 Promo on of
Village Water op ons of GWM
principles of  Promo on  Sensi sa on
and Sanita on  Video films
'reduce', 'reuse'  Increase awareness of principles workshops
Commi ee,  Audio
and 'recharge' around nega ve of 'reduce',

GPs
Swachhagrahis, programmes
in rela on to local impacts of 'reuse' and
etc.
greywater incorrect greywater 'recharge' in
disposal rela on to
greywater
 Level Key Key expected Key communica on Topics of key Communica on Communica on aid/
stakeholders behaviours objec ves messages channels IEC tools required

 Finalisa on  Mobilise  Finalisa on  Exposure  Printed material

of technology communi es to of technology visits such as leaflets and
for group/ adopt posi ve GWM for group/ posters
 Mid media
community-level prac ces community-
 Content for
treatments level  Messaging
 Build capaci es to messages to be
treatments through
 Se ng up plan for and drive depicted through
mobile vans
of group/ community-level  Se ng up folk theatre and
community-level behaviour change of group/  Exhibi on and songs
treatment units around GWM community- demonstra on
 Logis cs for
level
 Se ng up of exhibi on and
treatment
conveyance demonstra on
units

GPs
system wherever
 Capacity building
necessary  Se ng up of

65
workshops
conveyance
 O&M of the
system
treatment units
wherever
and conveyance
necessary
systems
 O&M of the
treatment
units and
conveyance
systems

HHs  Judicious use  Increase community  Judicious  Mass media  Informa on

of fresh water and HH knowledge use of fresh and mid package in local
for genera ng around benefits of water for media languages
minimum GWM, and nega ve genera ng
quan ty of impacts of incorrect minimum
greywater greywater disposal quan ty of
greywater
 Level Key Key expected Key communica on Topics of key Communica on Communica on aid/
stakeholders behaviours objec ves messages channels IEC tools required

 Se ng up of HH-  Se ng up  IPC with social  Factsheets

level treatment of HH-level distancing
 Video films
units wherever treatment
 Group
feasible units  Audio
mee ngs
wherever programmes
 O&M of the HH- with social
feasible
level treatment distancing  Other printed
units  O&M of the material such as
HH-level leaflets and posters
 Discharge of
treatment
HH greywater  Content for
units
into conveyance messages to be
system if  Discharge of depicted through

66
applicable HH greywater folk theatre and
into songs
 Support for reuse
conveyance
of greywater for 

HHs
Capacity building
system if
various purposes of Swachhagrahis/
applicable
other frontline
 Greywater
 Support for workers on key
recharge
reuse of aspects of GWM
wherever feasible
greywater
for various
purposes
 Greywater
recharge
wherever
feasible
 Annexure 3

IEC/BCC Activity Planning Template

Other costs
Manpower
(logis cs,
Implemen ng Type of Audience/ Ac vi es No. Support materials/ costs Total
Unit communica on, Timeline
stakeholder ac vity Popula on planned planned tools required by the (payment budget
TA/DA, resource
stakeholder to HR etc.)
persons, )

B C A+B+C

67
Item No. Cost A
 Annexure 4

Capacity Building Planning Template

Current
Stakeholder Level of Budget (includes
Proposed capacity of
(List priority Ac vity the Ins tu ons training amount for
training stakeholder No. of No. of
stakeholders stakeholder available and venue stakeholder *no. of
interven on (in technical trainings Timeline persons
iden fied – will be to conduct (state/ days engaged + other
with water and planned trained
at different involved in the training district/ costs for logis cs, TA/
stakeholder communica on
levels) GP DA, resources, etc.)

68
skills)

Community Social and Training Not well State/

mo vators community (mo vator informed on district
mobilisa on training) key technical
IPC informa on
Not skilled
enough in IPC
Acronyms

BOD Biochemical Oxygen MIS Management Informa on

Demand System
CGWB Central Ground Water Board MoHUA Ministry of Housing and
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand Urban Affairs

CPCB Central Pollu on Control MPLAD Members of Parliament

Board Local Area Development

CPHEEO Central Public Health and MLALAD Member of Legisla ve

Environmental Engineering Assembly Local Area
Organisa on Development

CSR Corporate Social O&M Opera on and Maintenance

Responsibility ODF Open Defeca on Free
DEWATS Decentralized Wastewater PHED Public Health Engineering
Treatment System Department
DM District Magistrate PRI Panchaya Raj Ins tu ons
DPR Detailed Project Report SBCC Social Behaviour Change
DSBM (G) District Swachh Bharat Communica on
Mission (Grameen) SBM (G) Swachh Bharat Mission
DTMU District Training (Grameen)
Management Unit SHG Self Help Group
GP Gram Panchayat SLWM Solid and Liquid Waste
GR Government Resolu on Management

GWM Greywater Management SOP Standard Opera ng

Procedure
HH Household
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
HRD Human Resource
Development TDS Total Dissolved Solids

IEC Informa on, Educa on T-N Total Nitrogen

Communica on T-P Total Phosphorus
IPC Inter Personal TSS Total Suspended Solids
Communica on VAP Village Ac on Plan
JJM Jal Jeevan Mission VO Village Organiza ons
LPCD Litres Per Capita per Day VWSC Village Water and Sanita on
LWM Liquid Waste Management Commi ee
M&E Monitoring and Evalua on WSP Waste Stabiliza on Pond
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi Na onal
Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme

69
Glossary

1. Black water – Wastewater generated from bathing and toilets,

which is contaminated by urinal and/or faecal matter.

2. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) – The amount of oxygen

consumed by bacteria and other microorganisms while they
decompose organic matter under aerobic conditions (i.e., where
oxygen is present)

3. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) – The amount of oxygen

consumed to chemically oxidise organic water contaminants to
inorganic end products

4. Greywater – Wastewater generated from bathing, showers, hand

basins and kitchen sinks, which is not contaminated by urinal and/
or faecal matter

5. Greywater management – Effective collection, transportation,

treatment, reuse/recycling of greywater, which can be adopted at
either household-level or village level.

6. Wastewater – Water ‘wasted’ as a result of various human

activities at home, in businesses, or industries is called liquid
waste or wastewater. Wastewater is a mix of liquid waste that has
come in contact with human waste such as human excreta, urine
and the associated sludge (known as black water), and wastewater
generated through bathing and kitchen and other activities,
except toilets (known as greywater).

70
List of Tables

Table 1: Financial Provisions for Greywater Management According to

SBM (G) Phase-II 17

Table 2: Checklist for GP-level implementation for Greywater

Management 25

Table 3: Role of Districts in Each Phase of Greywater Management 31

Table 4: Role of Households in Greywater Management 34

Table 5: List of Major Sanitation Activities for Financing

Using 15th Finance Commission Tied Funds for Sanitation
for Liquid Waste Management 35

Table 6: O&M Responsibility for Various GWM Components 51

71
List of References

1. Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase-II Operational Guidelines

Operational Jal Shakti, Government of India

2. Greywater Management in Rural India, Ministry of Drinking Water

and Sanitation

3. Greywater management: A Simple Guide, Ministry of Drinking

Water and Sanitation

4. Technological Options for Solid and Liquid Waste Management

in Rural Areas, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Swachh
Bharat Mission (Grameen), Government of India, April 2015

5. Telangana State Strategy towards ODF plus - Greywater

Management, A presentation made by Secretary PR&RD and
Sanitation, Mission Director, SSBM (G), Telangana

6. Greywater Management in Kohlapur, A presentation made by

Mr. Aman Mittal, Chief Executive Officer, Zilla Parishad, Kolhapur,
Maharashtra

7. Ex-situ Treatment Technologies for Greywater Management,

A presentation made by the Department of Water Supply and
Sanitation, Punjab

72
74