1 Heat Transfer 2021

Lecture Lab/Tutorial Total
4 2+1 7
Course contents
• Mechanisms of heat transfer ( conduction, convection, and
radiation).
• Steady heat conduction in plane walls, cylinders and spheres.
• Heat transfer from finned surfaces.
• General conduction equation in two and three dimensions.
• One-two dimensional heat conduction, systems with internal heat
generation.
• Transient heat transfer, Lumped capacity method, Heisler charts.
• Forced and natural convective heat transfer, convection in tubes
and tube banks.
• Heat transfer during phase chance ( boiling and condensation )
• Fundamentals of thermal radiation, thermal, thermal radiation
intensity, view factor relations, radiation shields and the ratio
effect,
• Heat exchangers, types and analysis of heat exchangers.
• Basic equation of mass transfer and simulation with convection,
REFERENCES
• Yunus A. Cengle and Michael A. Boles” Heat Transfer” 2ed
Edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2015.
• Michael J. Moran, Howard N. Shapiro, Bruce R. Munson, and
David P. DeWitt “Introduction to Thermal Systems
Engineering: Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Heat
Transfer” John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003.
• THEODORE L. BERGMAN, ADRIENNE S. LAVIN, FRANK P.
INCROPERA, DAVID P. DEWITT” Introduction to Heat Transfer”
sixth edition, Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2002 by John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
• C.P.Kothandaraman “ Fundamentals of Heat and mass
transfer”Copyright © 2006, 1999, 1994, New Age International
(P) Ltd., Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd.,
Publisher
• J. P. Holman ” Heat Transfer” Tenth Edition Copyright © 2010 by
The McGraw-Hill Companies
BASICS OF HEAT TRANSFER
Some Application Areas of Heat Transfer
Modes of Heat Transfer
① Radiation
② Conduction
③ Convection
Basic Guidelines – Heat and Particle
Movement Relationship
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is the movement of
thermal energy from a warmer item to
a cooler item.
Remember, heat moves in predictable
ways, from a high to a low.
While teaching heat transfer, one of the
first questions students commonly ask is
the difference between heat and
temperature. Another common question
concerns the difference between the
subjects of heat transfer and
thermodynamics. Let me begin this chapter
by trying to address these two questions.
1.1 Difference between heat and
temperature
In heat transfer problems, we often
interchangeably use the terms heat and
temperature. Actually, there is a distinct difference
between the two.
Temperature is a measure of the amount of
energy possessed by the molecules of a substance.
It manifests itself as a degree of hotness, and can
be used to predict the direction of heat transfer.
The usual symbol for temperature is T. The scales
for measuring temperature in SI units are the
Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales.
Heat, on the other hand, is energy in
transit. Spontaneously, heat flows
from a hotter body to a colder one.
The usual symbol for heat is Q. In the
SI system, common units for
measuring heat are the Joule and
calorie.
1.3 Modes of Heat Transfer
·
• Conduction: An energy transfer across a system boundary due to
a temperature difference by the mechanism of intermolecular
interactions. Conduction needs matter and does no require any
bulk motion of matter.
• Convection: is the mode of heat transfer between a solid surface

and the adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves
the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion. Convection
needs fluid matter.
• Radiation: is the energy emitted by matter in the form of

electromagnetic waves (or photons) as a result of the changes in
the electronic configurations of the atoms or molecules.
Radiation does not need matter.
1. CONDUCTION
Conduction is the transfer of energy from the more
energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent
less energetic ones as a result of interactions
between the particles.
Conduction can take place in solids, liquids, or
gases.
In gases and liquids, conduction is due to the
collisions and diffusion of the molecules during their
random motion.
In solids, it is due to the combination of vibrations
of the molecules in a lattice and the energy
transport by free electrons.
The rate of heat conduction through a medium
depends on the geometry of the medium, its
thickness, and the material of the medium, as well as
the temperature difference across the medium.
The rate of heat conduction through a plane layer is

proportional to the temperature difference across the
layer and the heat transfer area, but is inversely
proportional to the thickness of the layer. That is,
• The heat transfer area A is
always normal to the direction
of heat transfer.
• For heat loss through a 5-m-
long, 3-m-high, and 25-cm-thick
wall, for example, the heat
transfer area is A = 15 m2. Note
that the thickness of the wall has
no effect on A.

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Lecture Lab/Tutorial Total

• Convection: is the mode of heat transfer between a solid surface

• Radiation: is the energy emitted by matter in the form of

The rate of heat conduction through a plane layer is

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