Job Number Sheet

Job Title
MEMBINA JALAN DARI PALOH, KLUANG KE BEKOK SEGAMAT. JOHOR
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com JKR
E-Mail : [email protected] Calcs by Checked by Date
12/09/2023

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.1.01 - 06 Oct 2004

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14
Input Data

Wall Dimensions Unfactored Live Loads General Parameters Design Parameters

H1 (m) 5 C (m) 0.4 W (kN/m²) 10 Soil frict φ (°) 30 SF Overt. 1.5
H2 (m) 1 F (m) 0.4 P (kN) 10 Fill slope β (°) 9 SF Slip 1.5
H3 (m) 0 xf (m) 0 xp (m) 1.30 Wall frict δ (°) 20 ULS DL Factor 1.4
Hw (m) 1.5 At (m) 0.4 L (kN/m) 10 ρConc kN/m3 25 ULS LL Factor 1.6
Hr (m) 0.36 Ab (m) 0.4 xl (m) 2.60 ρSoil kN/m3 18 Pmax (kPa) 400
B (m) 5.2 Cov wall mm 50 Lh (kN/m) fcu (MPa) 19 Soil Poisson υ 0.5
D (m) 0 Cov base mm 50 x (m) 0 fy (MPa) 450 DL Factor Ovt. 0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding

Theory : Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:ON

Hor Accel. (g) 0.02

Vert Accel. (g) 0.01
Include LL's Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.335

Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :6.105
Seismic Active Pressure coefficient Kas :0.347
Seismic Passive Pressure coefficient Kps :1.662
Base frictional constant µ :0.577

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 85.679 1.852 31.185 5.600
Siesmic component of Pa 3.099 3.240 1.128 5.600
Triangular W-table press Pw 12.088 0.646 0.000 5.600
Seismic component of Pw 0.310 1.140 0.000 5.600
Hydrostatic pressure on bot -54.387 2.800
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot -13.597 3.733
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w 17.453 2.700 6.352 5.600
As a result of Point load P 0.190 4.106 0.000 5.600
As a result of Line Load L 2.297 3.371 0.000 5.600
Siesmic wall inertia 2.099 1.325

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -22.714 -0.114
Siesmic component of Pp 35.667 0.840
Weight of the wall + base 104.940 3.830
Weight of soil on the base 55.598 2.600
Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 5.600
of rear portion of base
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Hydrostatic pressure on top 30.301 2.600

of front portion of base
UDL of 9.9 kPa 0.000 5.600

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of shear key.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 622.70 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 217.76 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.860

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 160.39 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 92.60 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 6.60 kN
Passive pressure on base : 22.71 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 121.91 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 119.81 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 119.81 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 0.994

*** SAFETY FACTOR IS LOWER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMUM OF 1.50 ***

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m width

FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )

Description F Horizontal Lever arm F Vertical Lever arm
left (+) down (+)
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa 120.943 1.859 43.659 5.600
Siesmic component of Pa 4.959 3.240 1.805 5.600
Triangular W-table press Pw 17.022 0.648 0.000 5.600
Seismic component of Pw 0.434 1.140 0.000 5.600
Hydrostatic pressure on bot -76.141 2.800
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot -19.035 3.733
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w 27.925 2.700 10.164 5.600
As a result of Point load P 0.304 4.106 0.000 5.600
As a result of Line Load L 3.676 3.371 0.000 5.600
Siesmic wall inertia 3.358 1.325

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp -20.443 -0.114
Siesmic component of Pp 32.100 0.840
Weight of the wall + base 94.446 3.830
Weight of soil on the base 50.039 2.600
Hydrostatic pressure on top 0.000 5.600
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top 27.271 2.600
of front portion of base
UDL of 8.9 kPa 0.000 5.600
 Job Number Sheet
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EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m width

1.Moment Equilibrium

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of shear key.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:

Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr : 560.43 kNm

Destabilizing moment Mo : 312.21 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 1.795

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS

Sum of Vertical forces Pv : 144.35 kN

Frictional resistance Pfric : 83.34 kN
Passive Pressure on shear key : 5.94 kN
Passive pressure on base : 20.44 kN
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr : 109.72 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 173.23 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht : 0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 173.23 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 0.619

*** SAFETY FACTOR (ULS) IS LOWER THAN 1.00 ***

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure : 37.09 kPa

Minimum pressure : 20.19 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from Moment Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

base top (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.00 215.01 0.00 1691.07 520.00

0.09 204.42 0.00 1594.79 520.00
0.18 194.02 0.00 1501.95 520.00
0.28 183.85 0.00 1412.69 520.00
0.37 173.93 0.00 1327.12 520.00
0.46 164.31 0.00 1245.35 520.00
0.55 155.02 0.00 1167.51 520.00
0.64 146.09 0.00 1093.72 520.00
0.74 137.53 0.00 1023.89 520.00
0.83 129.34 0.00 957.78 520.00
0.92 121.48 0.00 895.13 520.00
1.01 113.95 0.00 835.72 520.00
1.10 106.74 0.00 779.34 520.00
1.20 99.82 0.00 725.78 520.00
1.29 93.19 0.00 674.90 520.00
1.38 86.85 0.00 628.95 520.00
1.47 80.78 0.00 584.99 520.00
1.56 74.98 0.00 542.98 520.00
1.66 69.44 0.00 502.88 520.00
1.75 64.16 0.00 464.65 520.00
1.84 59.13 0.00 428.24 520.00
1.93 54.35 0.00 393.60 520.00
2.02 49.80 0.00 360.68 520.00
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2.12 45.49 0.00 329.46 520.00

2.21 41.41 0.00 299.86 520.00
2.30 37.54 0.00 271.86 520.00
2.39 33.89 0.00 245.41 520.00
2.48 30.44 0.00 220.46 520.00
2.58 27.20 0.00 196.97 520.00
2.67 24.15 0.00 174.89 520.00
2.76 21.29 0.00 154.18 520.00
2.85 18.61 0.00 134.78 520.00
2.94 16.11 0.00 116.67 520.00
3.04 13.78 0.00 99.78 520.00
3.13 11.85 0.00 85.81 520.00
3.22 10.18 0.00 73.70 520.00
3.31 8.66 0.00 62.69 520.00
3.40 7.28 0.00 52.72 520.00
3.50 6.04 0.00 43.77 520.00
3.59 4.94 0.00 35.77 520.00
3.68 3.96 0.00 28.69 520.00
3.77 3.10 0.00 22.47 520.00
3.86 2.38 0.00 17.23 520.00
3.96 1.77 0.00 12.82 520.00
4.05 1.26 0.00 9.15 520.00
4.14 0.85 0.00 6.17 520.00
4.23 0.53 0.00 3.83 520.00
4.32 0.29 0.00 2.08 520.00
4.42 0.12 0.00 0.90 520.00
4.51 0.03 0.00 0.22 520.00
4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 520.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from Moment Top Reinforcing Bot Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

left (m ) (kNm ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m ) (mm²/m )

0.11 -0.00 0.00 0.00 520.00

0.22 -0.13 0.00 0.97 520.00
0.34 -0.53 0.00 3.87 520.00
0.45 -1.20 0.00 8.70 520.00
0.56 -2.14 0.00 15.47 520.00
0.67 -3.34 0.00 24.17 520.00
0.78 -4.81 0.00 34.80 520.00
0.90 -6.54 0.00 47.37 520.00
1.01 -8.54 0.00 61.87 520.00
1.12 -10.81 0.00 78.31 520.00
1.23 -13.35 0.00 96.68 520.00
1.34 -16.15 0.00 116.98 520.00
1.46 -19.22 0.00 139.22 520.00
1.57 -22.56 0.00 163.39 520.00
1.68 -26.17 0.00 189.49 520.00
1.79 -30.04 0.00 217.53 520.00
1.90 -34.17 0.00 247.50 520.00
2.02 -38.58 0.00 279.40 520.00
2.13 -43.25 0.00 313.24 520.00
2.24 -48.19 0.00 349.01 520.00
2.35 -53.40 0.00 386.71 520.00
2.46 -58.87 0.00 426.35 520.00
2.58 -64.61 0.00 467.92 520.00
2.69 -70.62 0.00 511.43 520.00
2.80 -76.89 0.00 556.87 520.00
2.91 -83.43 0.00 604.24 520.00
3.02 -90.24 0.00 653.55 520.00
3.14 -97.32 0.00 706.52 520.00
3.25 -104.66 0.00 763.21 520.00
3.36 -112.27 0.00 822.53 520.00
3.47 -120.15 0.00 884.56 520.00
3.58 -128.29 0.00 949.40 520.00
3.70 -136.70 0.00 1017.12 520.00
3.81 -145.38 0.00 1087.85 520.00
3.92 -154.32 0.00 1161.69 520.00
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4.03 -163.53 0.00 1238.77 520.00

4.14 -173.01 0.00 1319.23 520.00
4.26 -182.76 0.00 1403.21 520.00
4.37 -192.77 0.00 1490.89 520.00
4.48 -203.05 0.00 1582.46 520.00
4.59 -213.59 0.00 1678.12 520.00
4.70 -224.41 0.00 1778.12 520.00
4.82 -235.49 0.00 1882.71 520.00
4.93 -246.83 0.00 1992.21 520.00
5.04 -258.45 0.00 2106.96 520.00
5.15 -270.33 0.00 2227.36 520.00
5.26 -282.48 0.00 2353.87 520.00
5.38 -294.89 0.00 2487.05 520.00
5.49 -307.57 0.00 2627.52 520.00
5.60 -320.52 0.00 2776.07 520.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO BS8110 - 1997

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 173.2 kN

Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.51 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.51 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: BS8110 - 1997

2.60 9.90kN/m
9.90kN
1.30 9.90
0.40
9.00°
20.00°

30.00°
5.00

kh =0.02g
kv =0.01g
1.50
1.00

5.20 0.40
0.40
0.40

Kas=0.35
Kps=1.66
µ=0.58
20.2kP a
V=173.2kN
37.1kPa v= 0.51MPa
Wall type: Cantilever SFslip = 0.99 vc= 0.51MPa
Theory: Coulomb SFslip (ULS) = 0.62
SFovt = 2.86
SFovt (ULS) = 1.80
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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : [email protected] Calcs by Checked by Date

Wall Bending Moments

Wall Moments

Moment max = 215 [email protected]

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00
Height (m)

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

.500
100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Base Moments Moment max = [email protected]

.200
.400
.600
.800
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
3.40
3.60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
4.80
5.00
5.20
5.40
5.60

-20.0
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
Bending moment (kNm)

-100
-120
-140
-160
-180
-200
-220
-240
-260
-280
-300
-320
-340
Position (m)