Design of Parapet wall (upto 3.

45 m Cushion)

1 Design Data
Height of the Parapet = 3.750 m
Height of the earth fill (including PQC & DLC) = 3.450 m
Thickness of the Parapet at top = 0.300 m
Thickness of the Parapet at bottom = 0.300 m
Density of concrete = 25.00 KN/m^3
Bulk Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m^3
Density of submerged soil = 10.00 KN/m^3
Density of fill = 20.00 KN/m^3
Coefficient of earth pressure (active) = 0.279

Grade of Concrete = M30

Grade of Steel = Fe 500
Clear Cover for earth face structural component = 50 mm
Clear Cover for inside face structural component = 50 mm

Height of fill for live load surcharge = 1.2 m

Load calculations

1 Earth pressure calculations

Total pressure = 19.251 KN/m

Total force 33.20798 KN
lever arm 1.449 m
Moment 48.1184 KN-m
SF 33.208 KN

2 Live load surcharge

Total pressure 6.696 KN/m

Total force 23.1012 KN
lever arm 1.725 m
Moment 39.8496 KN-m
SF 23.1012 KN
In addition to Live load surcharge the impact of live load to be considered as per IRC 6, cl 206.6
Impact Moment of resistance 15 KN-m At the base of crash barrier
Application of load 0.300 m
Impact Moment of resistance 187.5 KN-m At the base of parapet
SF 44 KN
Summary
Normal condition
ULS
LL ULS BASIC ACCIDENTAL SLS RARE SLS QP
EP Surcharge LL Impact factored factored factored factored
Moment 48.11836 39.84957 187.5 119.997 188.743356 79.99801 48.12
SF 33.20798 23.1012 44 77.5334 66.207975

Page 1
 DESIGN OF THE PARAPET WALL (upto 3.45 m Cushion)
Maximum BM under Basic combination = 120 kN-m (From analysis)
Maximum SF (VNS) = 77.53 kN
Depth of member (D) considered for bending = 300 mm
Depth of member (D) considered for shear = 300 mm
Width of the member (b) = 1000 mm
Grade of Concrete Used = 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Charactristic strength of concrete (fck) = 30 MPa Table no:6.5 (IRC:112-2011)
Charactristic strength of steel (fy) = 500 MPa Table no:18.1 (IRC:112-2011)
Tensile strength of concrete (fctm) = 2.5 MPa
Design yield strength of shear reinforcement f ywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 348 MPa
Partial material safety factor for concrete (gm) = 1.5 Basic Page 49: (IRC:112-2011) Basic or Accidental
Partial material safety factor for Steel (gs) = 1.15 Basic Page 30: (IRC:112-2011)
Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (єcu3) = 0.0035 Up to fck ≤Table
60Mpano:6.5 (IRC:112-2011)
modulus of elasticity of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 MPa Clause 6.2.2 (IRC:112-2011) &6.3.5
modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ecm) = 31000 MPa
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fy/(gs xEs)}] = 0.00217
Coefficient to consider the influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 Cube A2.10 Page : 244 (IRC:112-2011)
Cube or Cylinder Cube
Factor (l ) = 0.8 Cylinder
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Design value of concrete compressive strength f cd = (a*fck/gm) = 13.400
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 10.720
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
Effective depth of member (d) for bending = 300 - 50 - 16
= 234 mm
Effective depth of member (d) for shear = 300 - 50 - 16
= 234 mm
M/(bd2Fav) = kav = 0.204
Limiting Neutral axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3) = 144.34 mm

Force in compression = Force in Tension from Fig. A2-4 - rectangular Tensile Strength

fy*As = hfcd * lx* b = Fav * x*b

gs

As = gs * Fav * x*b
fy

M = fy*As *(d-lx/2)
gs

= fy*gs * Fav * x*b *(d-bx)

gs * f y

= Fav * x*b *(d-bx)

bx2 -dx + M/Fav*b = 0
x = d-sqrt(d2-4*b*M/Fav*b)/(2*b)
= d*(1-sqrt(1-4*b*M/Fav*b*d2))/(2*b)
= d*(1-sqrt(1-4*b*kav))/(2*b)
= 234x(1-sqrt1-4x0.4x0.204))/(2x0.4)
= 52.56 mm < 144.3448276 Safe

Required reinforcement As = gs * Fav * x*b

fy
= 1.15x10.72x52.559x1000/500
2
= 1295.885076 mm
Diameter of main reinforcement = 16 mm
Spacing required 155.15 mm
Spacing provided = 150 mm OK
2
Provided reinforcemnt = 1340 mm > 1295.89 Safe

Diameter of Ditribution Steel = 10 mm

Spacing required = 201.384 mm
Spacing Provided = 150 mm OK

Neutral axis depth (x) = fy*As * gm

gs * hfck a * l* b

= 500x1340.41x1.5
1.15x1x30x0.67x0.8x1000

= 54.360 mm < 144.3448276 Safe

xlim/d = ecu3
ecu3 + es
= 0.617

Rlim = Mu,lim/(bd^2)
= Fav*xlim/d*(1 - b*xlim/d)
= 4.98

Effective depth required, drequired = sqrt(Mu/(Rlim*b)

= 155.2 mm
Effective depth provided, dprovided = 234 mm OK

Page 2
Shear design

Shear force VEd <= 0.5bwdνfcd Eq. 10.5 of IRC:112-2011

0.5*1000*300*16.26*13.4/1000
25489.39355 kN > 77.5334025 Safe

Where ν is a strength reduction factor = 0.6(1-fck/310)fck

= 0.6*(1-30/310)*30
= 16.26

Longitudinal force (NEd) = 0 kN

Shear Force by shear reinforcement (V Rd.s) = Aswzfywdcotθ/s Eq. 10.7 of IRC:112-2011

0.33
Shear resistance of section without shear reinforcement (V Rd.c) = [0.12K(80ρ1.fck) +0.15σcp]bw.d Vide 10.3.2 of IRC:112-2011

Where K = 1+ √200 <= 2 Where d is depth in mm Eq. 10.2 of IRC:112-2011

√d
3/2 1/2
νmin = 0.031K fck Eq. 10.3 of IRC:112-2011
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2fcd
ρ1 = Asl/bw.d <= 0.02
= 128.33 kN

Subject to a Minimum shear resistance (νRd.c) = (νmin+0.15σcp)bw.d Eq. 10.1 of IRC:112-2011

= 106.08 kN
VRd.c = 128.33 kN > 77.5334025 kN
Hence Shear reinforcement is not required
If required
VNS = V Rd.max
= αcwbwzν1fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
= αcwbwzν1fcd/(2/sin2θ)
sin2θ = VNS/αcwbwzν1fcd/2
= 77.5334025*1000/((1*1000*0.9*300*0.6*13.4)/2
= 0.071
θ = 2.05
Cotθ = 27.96 <= 2.5 >= 1

Dia of bar used as shear reinforcement = 8 mm 2 legged

Shear Force by shear reinforcement (V Rd.s) = Aswzfywdcotθ/s Eq. 10.7 of IRC:112-2011

= VNS
Spacing, s = Aswzfywdcotθ/VNS
= 3.142*8^2/4*2*0.9*300*348*2.5/(77.5334025*1000)
= 305 mm
Provide Shear reinforcement vertically 2 legged 8 mm dia @ 300 mm C/C

For Beams, minimum shear reinforcement ratio (ρmin) = 0.072√fck/fyk

= 0.00079
Minimum spacing = 127 mm

Serviceability Limit State(SLS)

Stress Level
Bending Moment due to rare combination of loads = 80 kN-m

Neutral axis depth (x) = 55.56 mm

Moment of Inertia of cracked section = 1000*55.556^3/3+1340.41*(234-55.556)^2*6.452)

4
332523593 mm

Maximum compressive stress in concrete = 79.998011775*10^6*55.5561634552113/332523593

13.37 < 14.4 MPa Safe

Maximum tensile stress in steel = 79.998011775*10^6*(234-55.5561634552113)/332523593*6.452

276.98 < 400 MPa Safe
Crack width
Maximum crack width
Bending Moment due to quasi-permanent combination of loads = 48 kN-m

Neutral axis depth (x) = 55.56 mm

Moment of Inertia of cracked section = 1000*55.556^3/3+1340.41*(234-55.556)^2*6.452)

4
332523593 mm

Maximum compressive stress in concrete = 79.998011775*10^6*55.5561634552113/332523593

8.04 MPa

Maximum tensile stress in steel = 48.118355775*10^6*(-55.5561634552113)/332523593*

166.60 MPa

Equivalent diameter фeq = (n1ф12)/(n1ф1) Eq. 12.9 of IRC:112-2011

= 16 mm

where spacing of bonded reinforcement with in the tension zone <= 5*(C+ф/2) Cl. 12.3.4 (3) of IRC:112-2011
<= 5*(50+16/2)
<= 290 mm

Wk = Sr,max (esm-ecm) Eq. 12.5 of IRC:112-2011

= 335.3*0.0005
= 0.17 < 0.3 mm Safe

Maximum crack spacing Sr,max = 3.4c+0.17ф/ρp.eff Eq. 12.11 of IRC:112-2011

= 3.4*50+0.17*16/0.0165
= 335 mm

rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Eq. 12.7 of IRC:112-2011

= 1340.41286553165/(150*1000)
= 0.0165

(esm-ecm) = (ssc - kt fct.eff/rr.eff (1+aerr.eff))/Es >=0.6 ssc / Es Eq. 12.6 of IRC:112-2011

= (166.604-0.5*2.5/0.0165*(1+6.45*0.0165))/200000
= 0.000413
>= 0.000500 >=0.6 σsc / Es 0.6*276.983/200000
= 0.000500

Page 3
 DESIGN OF THE PARAPET WALL (upto 3.45 m Cushion)
Maximum BM under accidental combination = 189 kN-m (From analysis)
Maximum SF (VNS) = 66.21 kN
Depth of member (D) considered for bending = 300 mm
Depth of member (D) considered for shear = 300 mm
Width of the member (b) = 1000 mm
Grade of Concrete Used = 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Charactristic strength of concrete (fck) = 30 MPa Table no:6.5 (IRC:112-2011)
Charactristic strength of steel (fy) = 500 MPa Table no:18.1 (IRC:112-2011)
Tensile strength of concrete (fctm) = 2.5 MPa
Design yield strength of shear reinforcement f ywd = 0.8*fyk/γs = 400 MPa
Partial material safety factor for concrete (gm) = 1.2 Accidental Page 49: (IRC:112-2011) Basic or Accidental
Partial material safety factor for Steel (gs) = 1 Accidental Page 30: (IRC:112-2011)
Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete (єcu3) = 0.0035 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa Table no:6.5 (IRC:112-2011)
modulus of elasticity of reinforcing of steel (Es) = 200000 MPa Clause 6.2.2 (IRC:112-2011) &6.3.5
modulus of elasticity of concrete (Ecm) = 31000 MPa
modular ratio αe (Es/Ecm) = 6.45
Ultimate tensile strain in the steel (єs) = [{fy/(gs xEs)}] = 0.00250
Coefficient to consider the influence of the concrete strength (a) = 0.67 Cube A2.10 Page : 244 (IRC:112-2011)
Cube or Cylinder Cube
Factor (l ) = 0.8 Cylinder
0.8 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-33 (IRC:112-2011); 0.8-((fck-60)/500) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Factor (h) = 1
1.0 Up to fck ≤ 60Mpa,Eq.A2-35 (IRC:112-2011); 1.0-((fck-60)/250) for 60<fck<110Mpa
Design value of concrete compressive strength f cd = (a*fck/gm) = 16.750
Factor Fav (hfcdl) = 13.400
Factor b = (l/2) = 0.400
Effective depth of member (d) for bending = 300 - 50 - 16
= 234 mm
Effective depth of member (d) for shear = 300 - 50 - 16
= 234 mm
M/(bd2Fav) = kav = 0.257
Limiting Neutral axis depth (x lim) = (d*ecu3)/(es+ecu3) = 136.50 mm

Force in compression = Force in Tension from Fig. A2-4 - rectangular Tensile Strength

fy*As = hfcd * lx* b = Fav * x*b

gs

As = gs * Fav * x*b
fy

M = fy*As *(d-lx/2)
gs

= fy*gs * Fav * x*b *(d-bx)

gs * f y

= Fav * x*b *(d-bx)

bx2 -dx + M/Fav*b = 0
x = d-sqrt(d2-4*b*M/Fav*b)/(2*b)
= d*(1-sqrt(1-4*b*M/Fav*b*d2))/(2*b)
= d*(1-sqrt(1-4*b*kav))/(2*b)
= 234x(1-sqrt1-4x0.4x0.257))/(2x0.4)
= 68.13 mm < 136.5 Safe

Required reinforcement As = gs * Fav * x*b

fy
= 1x13.4x68.128x1000/500
2
= 1825.821861 mm
Diameter of main reinforcement = 16 mm
Spacing required 110.121 mm
Spacing provided 150 mm
2
Provided reinforcemnt = 1340 mm < 1825.82 Increase Reinforcement

Neutral axis depth (x) = fy*As * gm

gs * hfck a * l* b

= 500x1340.41x1.2
1x1x30x0.67x0.8x1000

= 50.020 mm < 136.5 Safe

xlim/d = ecu3
ecu3 + es
= 0.583

Rlim = Mu,lim/(bd^2)
= Fav*xlim/d*(1 - b*xlim/d)
= 5.99

Effective depth required, drequired = sqrt(Mu/(Rlim*b)

= 177.5 mm
Effective depth provided, dprovided = 234 mm OK

Page 4
Shear design

Shear force VEd <= 0.5bwdνfcd Eq. 10.5 of IRC:112-2011

0.5*1000*300*16.26*16.75/1000
31861.74194 kN > 66.21 Safe

Where ν is a strength reduction factor = 0.6(1-fck/310)fck

= 0.6*(1-30/310)*30
= 16.26

Longitudinal force (NEd) = 0 kN

Shear Force by shear reinforcement (V Rd.s) = Aswzfywdcotθ/s Eq. 10.7 of IRC:112-2011

0.33
Shear resistance of section without shear reinforcement (V Rd.c) = [0.12K(80ρ1.fck) +0.15σcp]bw.d Vide 10.3.2 of IRC:112-2011

Where K = 1+ √200 <= 2 Where d is depth in mm Eq. 10.2 of IRC:112-2011

√d
3/2 1/2
νmin = 0.031K fck Eq. 10.3 of IRC:112-2011
σcp = NEd/Ac <= 0.2fcd
ρ1 = Asl/bw.d <= 0.02
= 128.33 kN

Subject to a Minimum shear resistance (νRd.c) = (νmin+0.15σcp)bw.d Eq. 10.1 of IRC:112-2011

= 106.08 kN
VRd.c = 128.33 kN > 66.207975 kN
Hence Shear reinforcement is not required
If required
VNS = V Rd.max
= αcwbwzν1fcd/(cotθ+tanθ)
= αcwbwzν1fcd/(2/sin2θ)
sin2θ = VNS/αcwbwzν1fcd/2
= 66.207975*1000/((1*1000*0.9*300*0.6*16.75)/2
= 0.049
θ = 1.40
Cotθ = 40.96 <= 2.5 >= 1

Dia of bar used as shear reinforcement = 8 mm 2 legged

Shear Force by shear reinforcement (V Rd.s) = Aswzfywdcotθ/s Eq. 10.7 of IRC:112-2011

= VNS
Spacing, s = Aswzfywdcotθ/VNS
= 3.142*8^2/4*2*0.9*300*400*2.5/(66.207975*1000)
= 410 mm
Provide Shear reinforcement vertically 2 legged 8 mm dia @ 400 mm C/C

For Beams, minimum shear reinforcement ratio (ρmin) = 0.072√fck/fyk

= 0.00079
Minimum spacing = 127 mm

Page 5