Safety Data Sheet

SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL AND OF THE SUPPLIER

CHEVRON (MALAYSIA) UNLEADED GASOLINE

Product Use: Fuel
Product Number(s): 395109000, 397009000, 397010000, 397020000, 397124000, 397224000

Synonyms: Premium 95 with Techron, Premium 97 with Techron, ULG 95 RON - Base Product, ULG 97 RON
- Base Product
Company Identification
Chevron Malaysia Limited
Level 3, Menara Milenium
8, Jalan Damanlela, Bukit Damansara
Kuala Lumpur 50490
Malaysia
1800-88-3188

Transportation Emergency Response

a. BOMBA: 994
b. CHEMTREC: +1 (800) 424-9300 or +1 (703) 527-3887
Health Emergency
a. Emergency Response Service: 999
b. Chevron Emergency Information Center: Located in the USA. International collect calls accepted. (800) 231-
0623 or (510) 231-0623

SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

CLASSIFICATION: Flammable liquid: Category 2. Aspiration toxicant: Category 1. Skin irritation:

Category 2. Carcinogen: Category 2. Reproductive toxicant (developmental): Category 2. Target organ
toxicant (central nervous system): Category 3. Chronic aquatic toxicant: Category 2.

Signal Word: Danger

Physical Hazards: Highly flammable liquid and vapour (H225).

Health Hazards: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways (H304). Suspected of causing cancer (H351).

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Suspected of damaging the unborn child (H361D). Causes skin irritation (H315). May cause drowsiness or
dizziness (H336).

Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects (H411).

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS:
General: Keep out of reach of children (P102). Read label before use (P103).
Prevention: Obtain special instructions before use (P201). Do not handle until all safety precautions have been
read and understood (P202). Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. -- No smoking (P210).
Ground/bond container and receiving equipment (P240). Use only non-sparking tools (P242). Take
precautionary measures against static discharge (P243). Keep container tightly closed (P233). Use explosion-
proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/equipment (P241). Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray (P261).
Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area (P271). Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye
protection/face protection (P280). Use personal protective equipment as required (P281). Wash thoroughly after
handling (P264). Avoid release to the environment (P273).
Response: In case of fire: Use media specified in the MSDS for extinction (P370+P378). IF exposed or
concerned: Get medical advice/attention (P308+P313). IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at
rest in a position comfortable for breathing (P304+P340). IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all
contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower (P303+P361+P353). If skin irritation occurs: Get medical
advice/attention (P332+P313). Wash contaminated clothing before reuse (P363). IF SWALLOWED:
Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician (P301+P310). Do NOT induce vomiting (P331).
Specific treatment (see Notes to Physician on this label) (P321). Collect spillage (P391).
Storage: Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed (P403+P233). Store in a well-ventilated
place. Keep cool (P403+P235). Store locked up (P405).
Disposal: Dispose of contents/container in accordance with applicable local/regional/national/international
regulations (P501).

SECTION 3 COMPOSITION/ INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL

COMPONENTS CAS NUMBER AMOUNT

Gasoline 86290-81-5 100 %volume
Methyl tert-butyl ether 1634-04-4 0 - 15 %volume
Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether 994-05-8 0 - 15 %volume
Toluene 108-88-3 0 - 15 %volume
Xylene 1330-20-7 0 - 15 %volume
Benzene 71-43-2 0.1 - 5 %volume
Hexane 110-54-3 1 - 5 %volume
Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 0.1 - 3 %volume
Naphthalene 91-20-3 0.1 - 1 %volume

SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures

Eye: No specific first aid measures are required. As a precaution, remove contact lenses, if worn, and flush eyes
with water.
Skin: Wash skin with water immediately and remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention if
any symptoms develop. To remove the material from skin, use soap and water. Discard contaminated clothing
and shoes or thoroughly clean before reuse.
Ingestion: If swallowed, get immediate medical attention. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by
mouth to an unconscious person.
Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is
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difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention if breathing difficulties continue or if any other symptoms develop.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

IMMEDIATE HEALTH EFFECTS
Eye: Not expected to cause prolonged or significant eye irritation.
Skin: Contact with the skin causes irritation. Skin contact may cause drying or defatting of the skin. Symptoms
may include pain, itching, discoloration, swelling, and blistering. Contact with the skin is not expected to cause an
allergic skin response.
Ingestion: Highly toxic; may be fatal if swallowed. Because of its low viscosity, this material can directly enter
the lungs, if swallowed, or if subsequently vomited. Once in the lungs it is very difficult to remove and can cause
severe injury or death. May be irritating to mouth, throat, and stomach. Symptoms may include pain, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
Inhalation: Excessive or prolonged breathing of this material may cause central nervous system effects. Central
nervous system effects may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, loss of coordination, blurred
vision, drowsiness, confusion, or disorientation. At extreme exposures, central nervous system effects may include
respiratory depression, tremors or convulsions, loss of consciousness, coma or death.

DELAYED OR OTHER HEALTH EFFECTS:

Reproduction and Birth Defects: Contains material that may cause harm to the unborn child if inhaled above
the recommended exposure limit based on animal data.
Cancer: Prolonged or repeated exposure to this material may cause cancer. Gasoline has been classified as a
Group 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC).

Whole gasoline exhaust has been classified as a Group 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Contains benzene, which has been classified as a carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and a
Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Contains naphthalene, which has been classified as a Group 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by
the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Contains ethylbenzene which has been classified as a
Group 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC).

Genetic Toxicity: Contains material that may cause heritable genetic damage based on animal data.
Target Organs: Repeated inhalation of this material at concentrations above the recommended exposure limit
may cause damage to the following organ(s) based on animal data:Blood/Blood Forming OrgansSee Section 11 for
additional information. Risk depends on duration and level of exposure.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

Note to Physicians:
Ingestion of this product or subsequent vomiting may result in aspiration of light hydrocarbon liquid, which may
cause pneumonitis.

SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Use water fog, foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish flames.
Unusual Fire Hazards: See Section 7 for proper handling and storage.

PROTECTION OF FIRE FIGHTERS:

Fire Fighting Instructions: For fires involving this material, do not enter any enclosed or confined fire space
without proper protective equipment, including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Combustion Products: Highly dependent on combustion conditions. A complex mixture of airborne solids,
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liquids, and gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unidentified organic compounds will be evolved
when this material undergoes combustion.

SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures: Eliminate all sources of ignition in
the vicinity of the spill or released vapor. If this material is released into the work area, evacuate the area
immediately. Monitor area with combustible gas indicator.
Environmental Precautions: Stop the source of the release if you can do it without risk. Contain release to
prevent further contamination of soil, surface water or groundwater.
Methods and Material For Containment and Cleaning Up: Clean up spill as soon as possible, observing
precautions in Exposure Controls/Personal Protection. Use appropriate techniques such as applying non-
combustible absorbent materials or pumping. Where feasible and appropriate, remove contaminated soil. Place
contaminated materials in disposable containers and dispose of in a manner consistent with applicable
regulations.Report spills to local authorities as appropriate or required.

SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE

General Handling Information: Avoid contaminating soil or releasing this material into sewage and drainage
systems and bodies of water.
Precautionary Measures: This product presents an extreme fire hazard. Liquid very quickly evaporates, even at
low temperatures, and forms vapor (fumes) which can catch fire and burn with explosive violence. Invisible vapor
spreads easily and can be set on fire by many sources such as pilot lights, welding equipment, and electrical motors
and switches. Never siphon gasoline by mouth.
Do not store in open or unlabeled containers. READ AND OBSERVE ALL PRECAUTIONS ON PRODUCT
LABEL. Use only as a motor fuel. Do not use for cleaning, pressure appliance fuel, or any other such use. Do
not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not taste or swallow. Do not breathe vapor or fumes. Wash
thoroughly after handling. Keep out of the reach of children.
Unusual Handling Hazards: WARNING! Do not use as portable heater or appliance fuel. Toxic fumes may
accumulate and cause death.
Static Hazard: Improper filling of portable gasoline containers creates danger of fire. Only dispense gasoline into
approved and properly labeled gasoline containers. Always place portable containers on the ground. Be sure
pump nozzle is in contact with the container while filling. Do not use a nozzle's lock-open device. Do not fill
portable containers that are inside a vehicle or truck/trailer bed.

Electrostatic charge may accumulate and create a hazardous condition when handling this material. To minimize
this hazard, bonding and grounding may be necessary but may not, by themselves, be sufficient. Review all
operations which have the potential of generating and accumulating an electrostatic charge and/or a flammable
atmosphere (including tank and container filling, splash filling, tank cleaning, sampling, gauging, switch loading,
filtering, mixing, agitation, and vacuum truck operations) and use appropriate mitigating procedures.
Container Warnings: Container is not designed to contain pressure. Do not use pressure to empty container or it
may rupture with explosive force. Empty containers retain product residue (solid, liquid, and/or vapor) and can be
dangerous. Do not pressurize, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind, or expose such containers to heat, flame, sparks,
static electricity, or other sources of ignition. They may explode and cause injury or death. Empty containers
should be completely drained, properly closed, and promptly returned to a drum reconditioner or disposed of
properly.

General Storage Information: DO NOT USE OR STORE near heat, sparks, flames, or hot surfaces . USE AND
STORE ONLY IN WELL VENTILATED AREA. Keep container closed when not in use.

SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

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GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Consider the potential hazards of this material (see Section 2), applicable exposure limits, job activities, and other
substances in the work place when designing engineering controls and selecting personal protective equipment. If
engineering controls or work practices are not adequate to prevent exposure to harmful levels of this material, the
personal protective equipment listed below is recommended. The user should read and understand all instructions
and limitations supplied with the equipment since protection is usually provided for a limited time or under certain
circumstances.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to control airborne levels below the
recommended exposure limits.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Eye/Face Protection: No special eye protection is normally required. Where splashing is possible, wear safety
glasses with side shields as a good safety practice.
Skin Protection: Wear protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Selection of protective clothing may include
gloves, apron, boots, and complete facial protection depending on operations conducted. Suggested materials for
protective gloves include: Chlorinated Polyethylene (or Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene), Nitrile Rubber,
Polyurethane, Viton.
Respiratory Protection: Determine if airborne concentrations are below the recommended occupational exposure
limits for jurisdiction of use. If airborne concentrations are above the acceptable limits, wear an approved
respirator that provides adequate protection from this material, such as: Air-Purifying Respirator for Organic
Vapors. When used as a fuel, this material can produce carbon monoxide in the exhaust. Determine if airborne
concentrations are below the occupational exposure limit for carbon monoxide. If not, wear an approved positive-
pressure air-supplying respirator.
Use a positive pressure air-supplying respirator in circumstances where air-purifying respirators may not provide
adequate protection.

Occupational Exposure Limits:

Component Agency TWA STEL Ceiling Notation

Methyl tert-butyl ether CVX -- 50 ppm -- --
Methyl tert-butyl ether Malaysia 144 mg/m3 -- -- --
Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether CVX -- 50 ppm -- --
Toluene Malaysia 188 mg/m3 -- -- Skin
Xylene Malaysia 434 mg/m3 -- -- --
Benzene CVX 1 ppm 5 ppm -- --
(weight) (weight)
Benzene Malaysia 1.6 mg/m3 -- -- --
Hexane Malaysia 176 mg/m3 -- -- Skin
Ethylbenzene Malaysia 434 mg/m3 -- -- --
Naphthalene Malaysia 52 mg/m3 -- -- --
Consult local authorities for appropriate values.
SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Attention: the data below are typical values and do not constitute a specification.

Color: Varies depending on specification

Physical State: Liquid
Odor: Petroleum odor
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: Not Applicable
Vapor Pressure: 54.80 kPa @ 37.8 °C (100 °F)
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Vapor Density (Air = 1): 3 - 4 (Typical)
Boiling Point: No data available
Boiling Range: 37.8°C (100°F) - 215°C (419°F)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents.
Freezing Point: Not Applicable
Melting Point: Not Applicable
Specific Gravity: 0.70 g/ml - 0.80 g/ml @ 15.6°C (60.1°F) (Typical)
Density: 724.70 kg/m3 @ 15°C (59°F)
Viscosity: <1 SUS @ 37.8°C (100°F)
Coefficient of Therm. Expansion / °F: No data available
Evaporation Rate: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: 2 - 7

FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES:
Flashpoint: (Tagliabue Closed Cup ASTM D56) < -45 °C (< -49 °F)
Autoignition: > 280 °C (> 536 °F)
Flammability (Explosive) Limits (% by volume in air): Lower: 1.4 Upper: 7.6

SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity: May react with strong acids or strong oxidizing agents, such as chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, etc.
Chemical Stability: This material is considered stable under normal ambient and anticipated storage and
handling conditions of temperature and pressure.
Incompatibility With Other Materials: Not applicable
Hazardous Decomposition Products: None known (None expected)
Hazardous Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

IMMEDIATE HEALTH EFFECTS

Eye Irritation: The eye irritation hazard is based on evaluation of data for similar materials.
Skin Irritation: The skin irritation hazard is based on evaluation of data for similar materials.
Skin Sensitization: The skin sensitization hazard is based on evaluation of data for similar materials.
Acute Dermal Toxicity: The acute dermal toxicity hazard is based on evaluation of data for similar materials.
Acute Oral Toxicity: The acute oral toxicity hazard is based on evaluation of data for product components.
Acute Inhalation Toxicity: The acute inhalation toxicity hazard is based on evaluation of data for similar
materials.
Acute Toxicity Estimate: Not Determined

Germ Cell Mutagenicity: The hazard evaluation is based on data for components or a similar material.

Carcinogenicity: Refer to ADDITIONAL TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION below.

Reproductive Toxicity: The hazard evaluation is based on data for components or a similar material.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure: The hazard evaluation is based on data for components or a
similar material.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Repeated Exposure: The hazard evaluation is based on data for components or a
similar material.

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ADDITIONAL TOXICOLOGY INFORMATION:
Gasolines are highly volatile and can produce significant concentrations of vapor at ambient temperatures.
Gasoline vapor is heavier than air and at high concentrations may accumulate in confined spaces to present both
safety and health hazards. When vapor exposures are low, or short duration and infrequent, such as during
refueling and tanker loading/unloading, neither total hydrocarbon nor components such as benzene are likely to
result in any adverse health effects. In situations such as accidents or spills where exposure to gasoline vapor is
potentially high, attention should be paid to potential toxic effects of specific components. Information about
specific components in gasoline can be found in Sections 2/3, 8 and 15 of this MSDS. More detailed information
on the health hazards of specific gasoline components can be obtained calling the Chevron Emergency Information
Center (see Section 1 for phone numbers).
Pathological misuse of solvents and gasoline, involving repeated and prolonged exposure to high concentrations
of vapor is a significant exposure on which there are many reports in the medical literature. As with other solvents,
persistent abuse involving repeated and prolonged exposures to high concentrations of vapor has been reported to
result in central nervous system damage and eventually, death. In a study in which ten human volunteers were
exposed for 30 minutes to approximately 200, 500 or 1000 ppm concentrations of gasoline vapor, irritation of the
eyes was the only significant effect observed, based on both subjective and objective assessments.
Lifetime inhalation of wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline at 2056 ppm has caused increased liver tumors in
female mice and kidney cancer in male rats. In their 1988 review of carcinogenic risk from gasoline, The
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) noted that, because published epidemiology studies did not
include any exposure data, only occupations where gasoline exposure may have occurred were reviewed. These
included gasoline service station attendants and automobile mechanics. IARC also noted that there was no
opportunity to separate effects of combustion products from those of gasoline itself. Although IARC allocated
gasoline a final overall classification of Group 2B, i.e. possibly carcinogenic to humans, this was based on limited
evidence in experimental animals plus supporting evidence including the presence in gasoline of benzene. The
actual evidence for carcinogenicity in humans was considered inadequate.
MUTAGENICITY: Gasoline was not mutagenic, with or without activation, in the Ames assay (Salmonella
typhimurium), Saccharamyces cerevisesae, or mouse lymphoma assays. In addition, point mutations were not
induced in human lymphocytes. Gasoline was not mutagenic when tested in the mouse dominant lethal assay.
Administration of gasoline to rats did not cause chomosomal aberrations in their bone marrow cells.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: To explore the health effects of workers potentially exposed to gasoline vapors in the marketing
and distribution sectors of the petroleum industry, the American Petroleum Institute sponsored a cohort mortality
study (Publication 4555), a nested case-control study (Publication 4551), and an exposure assessment study
(Publication 4552). Histories of exposure to gasoline were reconstructed for cohort of more than 18,000
employees from four companies for the time period between 1946 and 1985. The results of the cohort mortality
study indicated that there was no increased mortality from either kidney cancer or leukemia among marketing and
marine distribution employees who were exposed to gasoline in the petroleum industry, when compared to the
general population. More importantly, based on internal comparisons, there was no association between mortality
from kidney cancer or leukemia and various indices of gasoline exposure. In particular, neither duration of
employment, duration of exposure, age at first exposure, year of first exposure, job category, cumulative exposure,
frequency of peak exposure, nor average intensity of exposure had any effect on kidney cancer or leukemia
mortality. The results of the nested case-control study confirmed the findings of the original cohort study. That
is, exposure to gasoline at the levels experienced by this cohort of distribution workers is not a significant risk factor
for leukemia (all cell types), acute myeloid leukemia, kidney cancer or multiple myeloma.

This product contains naphthalene.

GENERAL TOXICITY: Exposure to naphthalene has been reported to cause methemoglobinemia and/or
hemolytic anemia, especially in humans deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Laboratory
animals given repeated oral doses of naphthalene have developed cataracts. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY AND
BIRTH DEFECTS: Naphthalene did not cause birth defects when administered orally to rabbits, rats, and mice
during pregnancy, but slightly reduced litter size in mice at dose levels that were lethal to the pregnant females.
Naphthalene has been reported to cross the human placenta. GENETIC TOXICITY: Naphthalene caused
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chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells, but was not a mutagen in
several other in-vitro tests.CARCINOGENICITY: In a study conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP),
mice exposed to 10 or 30 ppm of naphthalene by inhalation daily for two years had chronic inflammation of the nose
and lungs and increased incidences of metaplasia in those tissues. The incidence of benign lung tumors
(alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas) was significantly increased in the high-dose female group but not in the male
groups. In another two-year inhalation study conducted by NTP, exposure of rats to 10, 30, and 60 ppm naphthalene
caused increases in the incidences of a variety of nonneoplastic lesions in the nose. Increases in nasal tumors were
seen in both sexes, including olfactory neuroblastomas in females at 60 ppm and adenomas of the respiratory
epithelium in males at all exposure levels. The relevance of these effects to humans has not been established.
No carcinogenic effect was reported in a 2-year feeding study in rats receiving naphthalene at 41 mg/kg/day.

A range-finding study for development toxicity resulted in an increased incidence of cleft palate in pups of
pregnant CD-1 mice exposed to 4000 ppm TAME. At 7000 ppm, TAME caused excessive toxicity, including
mortality. At 1000 ppm, no clinical signs of central nervous system depression were observed in the dams, and no
maternal or fetal toxicity was observed.

This product contains benzene.

GENETIC TOXICITY/CANCER: Repeated or prolonged breathing of benzene vapor has been associated with the
development of chromosomal damage in experimental animals and various blood diseases in humans ranging from
aplastic anemia to leukemia (a form of cancer). All of these diseases can be fatal. In some individuals, benzene
exposure can sensitize cardiac tissue to epinephrine which may precipitate fatal ventricular fibrillation.
REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: No birth defects have been shown to occur in pregnant
laboratory animals exposed to doses not toxic to the mother. However, some evidence of fetal toxicity such as
delayed physical development has been seen at such levels. The available information on the effects of benzene on
human pregnancies is inadequate but it has been established that benzene can cross the human placenta.
OCCUPATIONAL: The OSHA Benzene Standard (29 CFR 1910.1028) contains detailed requirements for training,
exposure monitoring, respiratory protection and medical surveillance triggered by the exposure level. Refer to the
OSHA Standard before using this product.

This product contains n-hexane.

TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY: Prolonged or repeated ingestion, skin contact or breathing of vapors of n-hexane
has been shown to cause peripheral neuropathy. Recovery ranges from no recovery to complete recovery depending
upon the severity of the nerve damage. Exposure to 1000 ppm n-hexane for 18 hr/day for 61 days has been shown
to cause testicular damage in rats. However, when rats were exposed to higher concentrations for shorter daily
periods (10,000 ppm for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk for 13 weeks), no testicular lesions were seen.
CARCINOGENICITY: Chronic exposure to commercial hexane (52% n-hexane) at a concentration of 9000ppm
was not carcinogenic to rats or to male mice, but did result in an increased incidence of liver tumors in female mice.
No carcinogenic effects were observed in female mice exposed to 900 or 3000 ppm hexane or in male mice. The
relevance for humans of these hexane-induced mouse liver tumors is questionable.
GENETIC TOXICITY: n-Hexane caused chromosome aberrations in bone marrow of rats, but was negative in the
AMES and mouse lymphoma tests.

This product contains ethylbenzene.

BIRTH DEFECTS AND REPRODUCTION: Ethylbenzene is not expected to cause birth defects or other
developmental effects based on well-conducted studies in rabbits and rats sponsored by NIOSH. Other studies in rats
and mice which reported urinary tract malformations have many deficiencies and have limited usefulness in
evaluating human risk. Reproductive effects are not expected based on a NIOSH study of fertility, and lack of
effects observed for sperm counts and motility, estrous cycle and pathology of reproductive organs following
repeated exposures. HEARING: Statistically significant losses in outer hair cells (OHCs) were observed in rats
exposed to >=200 ppm ethylbenzene, 6 hours/day, 6 days/week for 13 weeks, after an 8-week recovery period.
Following longer exposure, inner hair cells losses were also observed in rats exposed to >= 600 ppm ethylbenzene,
but only occasionally in rats exposed to 400 ppm. The Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level in rats (LOAEL) was
200 ppm for losses of OHCs. Guinea pigs exposed to ethylbenzene at 2,500 ppm, 6 hours/day for 5 days did not
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show auditory deficits or losses in OHCs. The concentration of ethylbenzene used in the JP-8 study was
approximately 10 ppm. GENETIC TOXICITY: Ethylbenzene tested negative in the bacterial mutation test,
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell in vitro assay, sister chromatid exchange assay and an unscheduled DNA
synthesis assay. Conflicting results have been reported for the mouse lymphoma cell assay. Increased micronuclei
were reported in an in vitro Syrian hamster embryo cell assay; however, two in vivo micronuclei studies in mice
were negative. In Syrian hamster embryo cells in vitro, cell transformation was observed at 7 days of incubation
but not at 24 hours. Based on these results, ethylbenzene is not expected to be mutagenic or clastogenic.
CARCINOGENICITY: In studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program, rats and mice were exposed to
ethylbenzene at 25, 250 and 750 ppm for six hours per day, five days per week for 103 weeks. In rats exposed to 750
ppm, the incidence of kidney tubule hyperplasia and tumors was increased. Testicular tumors develop
spontaneously in nearly all rats if allowed to complete their natural life span; in this study, the development of these
tumors appeared to be enhanced in male rats exposed to 750 ppm. In mice, the incidences of lung tumors in males
and liver tumors in females exposed to 750 ppm were increased as compared to control mice but were within the
range of incidences observed historically in control mice. Other liver effects were observed in male mice exposed
to 250 and 750 ppm. The incidences of hyperplasia were increased in the pituitary gland in female mice at 250 and
750 ppm and in the thyroid in male and female mice at 750 ppm.

This product contains toluene.

GENERAL TOXICITY: The primary effects of exposure to toluene in animals and humans are on the central
nervous system. Solvent abusers, who typically inhale high concentrations (thousands of ppm) for brief periods of
time, in addition to experiencing respiratory tract irritation, often suffer permanent central nervous system effects
that include tremors, staggered gait, impaired speech, hearing and vision loss, and changes in brain tissue. Death in
some solvent abusers has been attributed to cardiac arrhythmias, which appear to be have been triggered by
epinephrine acting on solvent sensitized cardiac tissue. Although liver and kidney effects have been seen in some
solvent abusers, results of animal testing with toluene do not support these as primary target organs.
HEARING: Humans who were occupationally exposed to concentrations of toluene as low as 100 ppm for long
periods of time have experienced hearing deficits. Hearing loss, as demonstrated using behavioral and
electrophysiological testing as well as by observation of structural damage to cochlear hair cells, occurred in
experimental animals exposed to toluene. It also appears that toluene exposure and noise may interact to produce
hearing deficits.
COLOR VISION: In a single study of workers exposed to toluene at levels under 50 ppm, small decreases in the
ability to discriminate colors in the blue-yellow range have been reported for female workers. This effect, which
should be investigated further, is very subtle and would not likely have been noticed by the people tested.
REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Toluene may also cause mental and/or growth retardation in
the children of female solvent abusers who directly inhale toluene (usually at thousands of ppm) when they are
pregnant. Toluene caused growth retardation in rats and rabbits when administered at doses that were toxic to the
mothers. In rats, concentrations of up to 5000 ppm did not cause birth defects. No effects were observed in the
offspring at doses that did not intoxicate the pregnant animals. The exposure level at which no effects were seen (No
Observed Effect Level, NOEL) is 750 ppm in the rat and 500 ppm in the rabbit.

This product contains xylene.

ACUTE TOXICITY: The primary effects of exposure to xylene in animals and humans are on the central nervous
system. In addition,in some individuals, xylene exposure can sensitize cardiac tissue to epinephrine which may
precipitate fatal ventricular fibrillation. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Xylene has been reported to cause
developmental toxicity in rats and mice exposed by inhalation during pregnancy. The effects noted consisted of
delayed development and minor skeletal variations. In addition, when pregnant mice were exposed by ingestion to a
level that killed nearly one-third of the test group, lethality (resorptions) and malformations (primarily cleft palate)
occurred. Since xylene can cross the placenta, it may be appropriate to prevent exposure during pregnancy.
GENETIC TOXICITY/CARCINOGENICITY: Xylene was not genotoxic in several mutagenicity testing assays
including the Ames test. In a cancer study sponsored by the National Toxicology Program (NTP),technical grade
xylene gave no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats or mice dosed daily for two years. HEARING: Mixed xylenes
have been shown to cause measurable hearing loss in rats exposed to 800 ppm in the air for 14 hours per day for six
weeks. Exposure to 1450 ppm xylene for 8 hours caused hearing loss while exposure to 1700 ppm for 4 hours did
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not. Although no information is available for lower concentrations, other chemicals that cause hearing loss in rats
at relatively high concentrations do not cause hearing loss in rats at low concentrations. Worker exposure to xylenes
at the permissible exposure limit (100 ppm, time-weighted average) is not expected to cause hearing loss.

MTBE
GENERAL TOXICITY: In rats, exposure to MTBE vapor for thirteen weeks produced changes to organ weights,
mild lesions, and produced kidney changes consistent with accumulation of alpha-2-microglobulin, an effect specific
to male rats and not relevant to human health assessment; none of the effects met the criteria for target organ
classification.
BIRTH DEFECTS AND REPRODUCTION: In mice, MTBE inhalation during pregnancy harmed prenatal
development at maternally toxic levels. No prenatal harm was observed in rats or rabbits exposed to MTBE vapor,
nor to rat reproduction.
GENETIC TOXICITY: MTBE was positive under certain conditions in the mouse lymphoma test, but negative for
mutagenicity in bacteria, chromosomal aberrations in rats or mice, and unscheduled DNA synthesis.
CARCINOGENICITY: A lifetime oral dosing study reported that MTBE increased tumors in Leydig cells of the
testes and lymphomas and leukemias in female rats. A repeat study with MTBE in drinking water did not replicate
these findings, but had a significant trend for brain astrocytomas in male rats that was within historical control
values and interpreted as not associated with MTBE exposure. A lifetime inhalation study in mice and rats showed
increased liver tumors in female mice at the highest MTBE exposure, and testicular tumors and kidney tumors
associated with male rat hydrocarbon nephropathy; neither rat tumor was considered relevant to human health
assessment.

OTHER: Appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent releases of gasoline with MTBE into the
environment. MTBE is generally more soluble in water than other gasoline constituents, and under certain
circumstances, MTBE can move further and faster in groundwater than other gasoline constituents. MTBE may
also take longer than other gasoline constituents to biodegrade in the environment, depending on local subsurface
conditions. Therefore, MTBE has the potential to persist in the environment longer than other gasoline
constituents.
MTBE can also adversely affect the taste and odor of drinking water at relatively low levels. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency has issued guidance that MTBE in drinking water at levels of 20 ppb or higher
may cause unpleasant taste and odor for some people.

G/MTBE vapor
Repeated inhalation exposure to high-levels of gasoline/MTBE vapor for thirteen weeks produced evidence of
alpha-2-microglobulin accumulation, an effect specific to male rats and irrelevant to human health assessment. This
exposure did not harm reproduction, prenatal development below exposure levels that harmed maternal health, or
increase bone marrow micronuclei, but there was an increased incidence of sister chromatid exchange in peripheral
lymphocytes in female rats, considered an indication of chromosomal instability rather than genetic toxicity. In
male rats, chronic, high-level inhalation exposure to gasoline/MTBE vapor did not increase the incidence of any
tumors thought to be relevant to humans.

SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

ECOTOXICITY
This material is expected to be toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic
environment. Gasoline studies have been conducted in the laboratory under a variety of test conditions with a
range of fish and invertebrate species. An even more extensive database is available on the aquatic toxicity of
individual aromatic constituents. The majority of published studies do not identify the type of gasoline evaluated,
or even provide distinguishing characteristics such as aromatic content or presence of lead alkyls. As a result,
comparison of results among studies using open and closed vessels, different ages and species of test animals and
different gasoline types, is difficult.

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 The bulk of the available literature on gasoline relates to the environmental impact of monoaromatic (BTEX) and
diaromatic (naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes) constituents. In general, non-oxygenated gasoline exhibits some
short-term toxicity to freshwater and marine organisms, especially under closed vessel or flow-through exposure
conditions in the laboratory. The components which are the most prominent in the water soluble fraction and cause
aquatic toxicity, are also highly volatile and can be readily biodegraded by microorganisms.

The product has not been tested. The statement has been derived from products of a similar structure and
composition.

MOBILITY
No data available.

PERSISTENCE AND DEGRADABILITY

This material is expected to be readily biodegradable. Following spillage, the more volatile components of gasoline
will be rapidly lost, with concurrent dissolution of these and other constituents into the water. Factors such as local
environmental conditions (temperature, wind, mixing or wave action, soil type, etc), photo-oxidation,
biodegradation and adsorption onto suspended sediments, can contribute to the weathering of spilled gasoline.

The aqueous solubility of non-oxygenated unleaded gasoline, based on analysis of benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene+xylenes and naphthalene, is reported to be 112 mg/l. Solubility data on individual gasoline
constituents also available.

The product has not been tested. The statement has been derived from products of a similar structure and
composition.

POTENTIAL TO BIOACCUMULATE
Bioconcentration Factor:No data available.
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:2 - 7

SECTION 13 DISPOSAL INFORMATION

Use material for its intended purpose or recycle if possible. This material, if it must be discarded, may meet the
criteria of a hazardous waste as defined by international, country, or local laws and regulations.

SECTION 14 TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

The description shown may not apply to all shipping situations. Consult 49CFR, or appropriate Dangerous Goods
Regulations, for additional description requirements (e.g., technical name) and mode-specific or quantity-specific
shipping requirements.

DOT Shipping Description: UN1203, GASOLINE, 3, II; OPTIONAL DISCLOSURE: UN1203,

GASOLINE, 3, II, MARINE POLLUTANT (GASOLINE)

IMO/IMDG Shipping Description: UN1203, GASOLINE, 3, II, FLASH POINT SEE SECTION 5 OR 9,
MARINE POLLUTANT (GASOLINE)

ICAO/IATA Shipping Description: UN1203, GASOLINE, 3, II

SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION

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REGULATORY LISTS SEARCHED:
01-1=IARC Group 1
01-2A=IARC Group 2A
01-2B=IARC Group 2B

The following components of this material are found on the regulatory lists indicated.
Gasoline 01-2B
Benzene 01-1
Ethylbenzene 01-2B
Naphthalene 01-2B

CHEMICAL INVENTORIES:

All components comply with the following chemical inventory requirements: AICS (Australia), DSL (Canada),
EINECS (European Union), KECI (Korea), NZIoC (New Zealand), PICCS (Philippines), TCSI (Taiwan).

SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION

REVISION STATEMENT: SECTION 01 - Health Emergency information was modified.

SECTION 01 - Transportation Emergency Response information was modified.
SECTION 11 - Additional Toxicology Information information was modified.

Revision Date: July 31, 2018

ABBREVIATIONS THAT MAY HAVE BEEN USED IN THIS DOCUMENT:

TLV - Threshold Limit Value TWA - Time Weighted Average
STEL - Short-term Exposure Limit PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit
CAS - Chemical Abstract Service Number
ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental IMO/IMDG - International Maritime Dangerous
Industrial Hygienists Goods Code
API - American Petroleum Institute MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet
CVX - Chevron NFPA - National Fire Protection Association (USA)
DOT - Department of Transportation (USA) NTP - National Toxicology Program (USA)
IARC - International Agency for Research on OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health
Cancer Administration

Prepared according to the Malaysia Industry Code of Practice on Chemicals Classification and Hazard
Communication 201 by the Chevron Energy Technology Company, 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon,
California 94583.

The above information is based on the data of which we are aware and is believed to be correct as of the date hereof.
Since this information may be applied under conditions beyond our control and with which we may be unfamiliar and
since data made available subsequent to the date hereof may suggest modifications of the information, we do not assume
any responsibility for the results of its use. This information is furnished upon condition that the person receiving it shall
make his own determination of the suitability of the material for his particular purpose.

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