Real Estate Real Estate Window Tax Listed Buildings Stamp Duty Inheritance Tax Land-Value Tax

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A property tax (or millage tax) is an 

ad valorem tax levy on the value of property that the owner of


the property is required to pay to a government in which the property is situated. Multiple
jurisdictions may tax the same property. There are three general varieties of property: land,
improvements to land (immovable man-made things, e.g. buildings) and personal property (movable
things). Real estate or realty is the combination of land and improvements to land.
Property taxes are usually charged on a recurrent basis (e.g., yearly). A common type of property
tax is an annual charge on the ownership of real estate, where the tax base is the estimated value of
the property. For a period of over 150 years from 1695 the government of England levied a window
tax, with the result that one can still see listed buildings with windows bricked up in order to save
their owners money. A similar tax on hearths existed in France and elsewhere, with similar results.
The two most common types of event-driven property taxes are stamp duty, charged upon change of
ownership, and inheritance tax, which many countries impose on the estates of the deceased.
In contrast with a tax on real estate (land and buildings), a land-value tax (or LVT) is levied only on
the unimproved value of the land ("land" in this instance may mean either the economic term, i.e., all
natural resources, or the natural resources associated with specific areas of the Earth's surface:
"lots" or "land parcels"). Proponents of land-value tax argue that it is economically justified, as it will
not deter production, distort market mechanisms or otherwise create deadweight losses the way
other taxes do.[13]
When real estate is held by a higher government unit or some other entity not subject to taxation by
the local government, the taxing authority may receive a payment in lieu of taxes to compensate it
for some or all of the foregone tax revenues.
In many jurisdictions (including many American states), there is a general tax levied periodically on
residents who own personal property (personalty) within the jurisdiction. Vehicle and boat
registration fees are subsets of this kind of tax. The tax is often designed with blanket coverage and
large exceptions for things like food and clothing. Household goods are often exempt when kept or
used within the household.[14] Any otherwise non-exempt object can lose its exemption if regularly
kept outside the household. [14] Thus, tax collectors often monitor newspaper articles for stories about
wealthy people who have lent art to museums for public display, because the artworks have then
become subject to personal property tax.[14] If an artwork had to be sent to another state for some
touch-ups, it may have become subject to personal property tax in that state as well.[14]
Inheritance

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