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lg:t]h kfg{ hgkl/rfngsf sfo{qmd wgu9Lnufotsf ;x/df cfd;ef ug{]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] dfcf]jfbLn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrttfsf nflu sf7df8f}Fdf x'g] ;efnfO{{ cWoIf
bafa lbg Jofks hgkl/rfngsf k'iksdn bfxfn, hgsk'/df pkfWoIf sf7df8f}F . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf agf];\ eGg] g} rfxFbg} . ;+ljwfg ag] /x]sfn] klg ;dy{g a9\g] a'emfO bnsf] ;dy{g lng] / ;]gf ;dfof]hg
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cfufdL h]7 ! ut]b]lv !) ut];Dd /fdaxfb'/ yfkf, lj/f6gu/df l;kL ePkl5, zflGt / ;+ljwfg agfpg] dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn]sf] emngfy kIfn] ;+ljwfg agfpg] w]/} ;do =afFsL NofPsf] k|:tfj ;sf/fTds b]lvPsfn]
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pgLx?k|lt hgtfsf] cf:yf s;/L s]xLnfO{{ nf…==d}n] klg o;}u/L yKk8 k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ kIfdf 5}g . ;+3Lo klg ;dy{g ;/sf/lt/} 5 . ;+3Lo s]xL ;do yKg ;xh x'G5 . ;]gf ;+ljwfg;ef eË ug]{h:tf if8\oGq
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ax'dt k'u]sf] 5 . ;/sf/ u7g u[xdGqfno kfPkl5 ;Qf u7aGwg ubf{d} vgfnn] cfk"mv'zL u/]sf] eGb} x'g cfPsf] 5 . ljleGg b]zdf
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cfˆg} kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] ;+s6df kfg]{ vgfnnfO{{ sf/jfxL ug{] of]hgf / dfcf]jfbLsf] s'/f dfq ;'gs ] f] eg]/ larNnLdf k/]sf] ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 .
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ul//x]sf s]kL cf]nL / dfwjs'df/ x'Fb}g eGg] g]kfn–cf]nL kIfw/sf] ;a}sf] tftf] l/; kf]lvg] kSsf 5 . k/]sf 5g\ pgLx?sf] af/]df oyfy{tf
g]kfnn] vgfnnfO{{ dxf;+s6sf] 306L c8fgljk/Lt sfd ePkl5 vgfnn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ u[x lbP emngfy;Fu atfO{ p2f/ ul/lbg Dofgkjf/nfO{
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g] j flg cyf{ t \ g] k fnsf] /fli6« o ef/tsf] k6gfsf nflu g]kfnaf6 / afXo b'j} p8fgdf k|of]u ul/of] . lj:tf/n] ;/sf/sf] cfsf/nfO{ cln sfF u | ] ; sf /fdrGb| kf} 8 ] n nfO{ g]kfn–cf]nL u'6 xfjL x'g] vt/f lyof] .
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c•f, h;sf] ;/sf/ aGof], o;}sf] c;f/ !& ut] /fli6«o Wjhfjfxssf] eO;s]sf] 5 . @)@* ;fndf lgudn] ;+ V of b' O { j 6f tLg k' u ] s f] 5 . 5 . pgLx¿sf] d"Nof+sgdf u[xdGqL lbgsf] nflu kf6L{leqsf] cfGtl/s
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ca n'6\gnfO{{ s]xL afFsL 5}g, To;}n] eg{] 8sf]6f ljdfg kl5 lj:yflkt lyP . o;/L rf/j6f h]6 ljdfgn] hgflwsf/ kmf] / dsf] ldn]d tf] d f glbPkl5 jt{ d fg ;dLs/0faf6 3D;f3D;L k/] s f] 5 . emngfy
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hxfhsf cl:yk~h/ sjf8Ldf a]Rg ljdfg klg lj:yflkt eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fn;Dd g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgudsf] Pdfn]nfO{ ax'dtsf] cfwf/df cfˆgf] kfpg'kg]{ bnn] u[xdGqL klg gk7fpg] k|r08sf] <, -v_ kf6L{ lg0f{oljk/Lt
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:jfy{sf sf/0f b]z ljb]zL] lqm8f:yn aGg k'Uf]sf] 5 . ;ft–;ft dlxgf ;/sf/ljxLg ;d]t laZje/L cfk\mgf] ;+hfn km}nfpg laqmL u/]sf xltof/n] clxn] ;Dd Tof] klg ;fd| f HoafbL gh/df 5f]8b\ g} eGg] s'/f ltgLx? a'em]/ klg
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;lhn} k"/f ug{;lsg]5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf k|dv ' sfdafx]s hglhljsfsf cfqmd0f u/]kl5 oLgLx? larsf] o'4 xL/f];Ldf tyf gfuf;fvL zx/df ad eOlbG5g\ . cft+safb pGd'ngsf] cft+ssf/L b]Vg] dfgl;stfaf6 x/]s
;jfnx?df Wofg k'¥ofpg] bfloTj / lhDd]jf/L klg of] ;/sf/n] cufl8 a9fpg c? k]rLnf] ag]sf] lyof] . hxfF s/Lj xfg]/ xhf/f} xhf/ dflg;sf] Pp6} gfddf ckmufg:yfg tyf b]zsf ;fzsx? d'Qm gx'Fbf;Dd
h?/L 5 . cfk;L xfgfyfk, ;/sf/ agfpg], lu/fpg] u'6sf] l;h{gf u/L /fli6«o ltgxhf/ ;j{;fwf/f0f df/LPsf lyP, lrxfg agfPb]vL eLotgfd, O/fs, kfsL:tfgdf ul/Psf] n8fO xf]; jf ;fd|fHoafbL cTofrf/ tyf cft+s
/fhgLltsf] k|jfxnfO{{ /f]Sg] s'/fn] kl/jt{g lbnfpg ;lsb}g . ca bnx?, c? xhf/f} 3fOt] ePsf lyP . ckmufg:tfg x'g} lnaLof;Dd k'Ubf 3fts h} l as xltof/ /fv] s f] slxNo} /f] s Lb} g . ;fd| f Hoafbn]
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k"0f{tf lbg lbnf] Hofgn] nfUg] / /k\mtf/df bf}8g\ k' g]{ a]nf 5 . o; ;/sf/nfO{{ pgsf] ;+u7gnfO{ zxL dfGg ;lsb}g . agfPsf] 5, nfvf} lgbf]z{ hgtfx?nfO{ xf] ; of] jf:tjdf ;fd| f HoafbL cyjf ;fd| f Hoafbn] g/;+ x f/
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;+ljwfg h]7 !$ ut] hf/L x'g ;Dej 5}g . To;sf cfˆg} k|lqmofnfO{{ x]bf{ To;n] o;sf] ltgL g} cfk\mgf] ;fd|fHo v8f xf] jf cd]/Lsf < c?sf] xTof u/]/ O/fsL hgtf;Fu dfkmL dfu]/ tTsfn b]zx? O/fg, So'jf, e]g]h'onf tyf
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tof/ x'g] l:ylt klg clxn] b]lvb}g . /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf, /fHosf] zf;sLo :j?k tyf cfk\mgf] bfztf laZj e/L nfWg] cd]/Lsfn] c?nfO{ cft+safbL eGg' kms{gsf] nfuL cfqmd0f u/]sf] lyPg klg ;fd|fHoafbsf] lgzfgfd} 5g\ .
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cGt{lgxLt g} x'G5 . t/ /fi6«sf] ;jfndf bnx? ;a} cfˆgf] l;4fGt eGbf dfly OGwg tyf vgLh kbfy{x? lgsfn]/ l;l4G5 eg] cd]/Lsf eGbf 7'nf] xf]Og . clxn] lnaLofnL hgtfsf] o;sf x/]s ck/fwnfO{ hfoh dfGb},
p7\gk' 5{ . hgtf / /fi6«sf] cfjZostf cg';f/ rNg' bnx?sf] k/d st{Jo xf] . pQm b] z nfO{ 6f6 kN6fpg' cft+ s afbL c? sf] 5 < Pp6f /Iffug]{ afxfgfdf xhf/f} lnaLofnL :} o;n] u/]sf x/]s g/;+xf/nfO{ plrt
clxn]sf] /fli6«o cfjZostf eg]sf] zflGt / ;+ljwfg g} xf] . To;sf] nflu 7f]; kxn ;fd|fHoafbL laz];tf xf] . laZjdf :jtGq b] z dfyL cfqmd0f ubf{ df/LO;s]sf 5g\, of] k|s[of nDaLb} eGb} ;fd|fHoafbLsf] xfF;f]df xfF;f] tyf
x'g h?/L 5 . ;do 5bfF g} Vofn ul/Pg eg] kl5 cfpg] ;+s6df k5'tfpg'sf] ;a} eGbf w]/} xltof/ pTkfbg ug]{ ;fdfGotof kfF5, ;ft nfv cd]/Lsg uO/x]sf] 5 . ;fd|fHoafbL v'gL cfF;'df cfF;' ldnfpg] o;sf] 5fofF
lasNk x'g] 5}g . To;}n] ;do 5b} ;a}n] Vofn u/f}, PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ b]z ;fd|fHoafb g} xf] . k'm8 km/ O6 ;]gfn] /f]huf/L kfpF5g\, cGo ltg, kGhfn] lryf]/]kl5 s;}sf] /Iff x'g gagf]; .

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n] ug{ eg]sf] lg0ff{os jftf{nfO{{ ;Dk"0f{ bnx?n] ;s/fTds lgisif{lgsfNg kxn
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sf7df8f} . ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\sf] kfg{ cfa4tfnfO{{ :yfgLo:t/af6} u/fpg,
eQmk'/ . /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;+/If0f ;b:o–;lrj h' 4 axfb' / u' ? ªn] jGohGt' c:ktfn, a]jfl/;] tyf 6'x/' f clwsf/ geP klg wfld{s tyf sltko
sf]ifn] eQmk'/sf] u'G8' / l;kf8f]n atfP . pgsf cg';f/ ;f] lgj]bg jGohGt' :ofxf/ s]Gb|, lkslgs :yn, clwsf/ oyfjt x'g] atfP . …sf7–
ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv a:g g;s]sf] sfo{ :yfgLo ;+:yfx?nfO{{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf /x]sf] & xfn jg ljefudf k'u]sf] / ljefun] cfGtl/s sfof{no, kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg bfp/f sf6\ g gkfP klg
;~rfng ;ldltsf] a}7s ldlt @)^* ;dGjo tyf ;xof]u ug{ ;dfh sNof0f ;fd'bflos jgIf]qdf cTofw'lgs v'nf k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0fkZrft If]q, h+un 6«]nnufotsf k"jf{wf/ lrl8ofvfgfleq /x]sf dlGb/, kfgLsf
j}zfv @) ut] dfggLo dlxnf, P] g , @)$( sf] efjgf cg' ? k lrl8ofvfgf lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4tf sfg' g tyf Gofo dGqfnodf lgdf{ 0 f x' g ] 5 g . eljiodf d'xfgh:tf 7fpFdf k|ltaGw nfUg]5g} ,Ú
afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL dWodf~rn ljsf; If]qdf kl/ifb\ hgfPsf] 5 . o;cl3 :yfgLo k7fpg] 5 . sfg' g dGqfnosf] s] j nsf/af6 ;d] t jGohGt' ;b:o–;lrj u'?ªn] eg] . pgsf
tyf ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifbsf cWoIf sf7df8f}a+ f6} / cGo If]qsf] xsdf ;'vt] { , ;fd'bflos jg pkefQmf ;d"xn] of] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifb\n] cjnf]sg ug]{ u/L k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f cg';f/ lrl8ofvfgfaf6 x'g] cfosf]
v8\uaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{sf] cWoIftfdf lbkfon, kf]v/f / O6x/Ldf If]qLo ;Dks{ If]qdf lrl8ofvfgfsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu :jLs[t u/]kl5 lgdf{0f sfo{ yfngL ug{ sf]ifn] hgfPsf] 5 . of]afx]s lglZrt k|ltzt:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]
a:of] . pSt a}7sn] ;dfh sNof0f sfof{no vf]lng] ;fy}, b]zs} clt b'ud{ sf]ifnfO{{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP . v'nf ug{] pgn] hfgsf/L lbP . jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg ;'?ª, ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu vr{ ul/g] 5 .
kl/ifb\sf] ut cfly{s jif{ @)^^.@)^& . If]q s0ff{nLnufot dfgj ljsf; lrl8ofvfgf lhNnfsf] u' G 8' , ;b:o–;lrj u' ? ªsfcg' ; f/ cfsfz] k' n nufot jGohGt' s f] k|f/lDes cWoog k"/f u/]/ sf]ifn]
sf] ah]6 cg"df]bg / rfn' cfj ;"rsf+ssf] b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf If]qsf afns'df/L, ;]tLb]jL, ;"o{ljgfos, k|:tfljt lrl8ofvfgfsf] If]qkmn @ jf;:yfgsf nflu ;'?ª, u'kmf;d]t cfjZos aLp k'h F Lsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu
@)^&.@)^* sf] ah]6 kfl/t ug{ hgtfnfO{{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg sfnLsf]6df ljz]if afns' d f/L, /fgLsf] 6 ;d' b flos ;o (# x]S6/ /xg] 5 . ljZjd} lgdf{0f ug]{ 5 . @% s/f]8 ?k}ofF dfu u/]sf] 5 . afFsL
kl/ifb\sf] af]8{ a}7sdf k]; ug]{ lg0f{o If]qLo ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]Ng] lg0f{o . jgIf]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] sf]ifn] hgfPsf] nf] s lk| o dflgPsf] v' n f jGohGt'sf] cfqmd0f tyf dfgjLo vr{eg] jGohGt'sf If]qdf sfd ug{
u¥of] . To:t}, kl/ifb\sf] sfo{nfO{ To;}u/L, kl/if;Fu ;Demf}tf u/L 5 . jg pkef] Q mf ;d" x x?n] lrl8ofvfgfsf] cjwf/0ffdf lgdf{0f cltqmd0f /f]Sgsf nflu ztk|ltzt cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx?af6 ;xof]u
;+3Lotfsf] efjgfg'?k ljs]lGb|s/0f ub}{ e[s6' Ld08df ef8fdf /x]sf / xfn;Dd ;fd'bflos jgsf] clwsf/ Tofu]/ x' g nfu] s f] of] If] q nfO{ { sf] i fn] l;dfgfdf alnof] t/hfnL nufpg] h'6fpg] nIo /fv]sf] 5 . ;b:o–;lrj
hgtfnfO{{ kl/ifb\sf] ;]jf ;xh?kdf ef8f ga'emfPsf k;n, Joj;fox?af6 ;Dk"0f{clwsf/ sf]ifnfO{{ x:tfGt/0f …lhof]nf]lhsn uf8{g l/lqmO;g ;]G6/ ePsf] 5 . ;b:o–;lrj u'?ªsf u'?ªsf cg';f/ lhof]nf]lhsn ;f];fO6L
?kdf :yfgLo :t/d} k'¥ofpg, ;+:yfx?sf] ;Demf}tf cg'?ksf] ef8f tTsfn c;'n u/]sf 5g . lrl8ofvfgf lgdf{0fsf gfdfs/0f u/]sf] 5 . afFsL :yfgdf cg';f/ pSt lrl8ofvfgf If]qsf] jg ckm nG8gn] pQm cfof]hgfsf nflu
lgodg, cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sgnfO{{ tLj| ug{] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . nflu lgj]bg;d]t lbO;s]sf] sf]ifsf ;+/If0f lzIff tyf ;"rgf s]Gb|, k}bfjf/ dfly :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] s'g} k|fljlws ;xof]u ug{] ePsf] 5 .
 3 /fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@
ˆ
dfcf]jfbL cfk\mgf] bfloTj
k"/f ug{ k|lta4 5
of] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nflu b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . kf6L{df To:tf] x'gx' G' y]g,
h] eof], Tof] unt 5 .
;/sf/ hfFbf–ghfFb} sfd ePg eGg t ldNb}g . ;/sf/n] s;/L
cfk\mgf] sfdsf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpF5, Tof] x]g{ afFsL g} 5 .
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hf]uLx¿sf] kf6L{ xf]Og, of] ;Gt–dxGtx¿sf] kf6L{ klg
xf]Og . of] ;dfhnfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kdf ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ cufl8 hfg'k5{ eGg]
dfGotf af]ss
] f] kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ xf] .
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL bLgfgfy zdf{, k|jQmf– Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
) dlGqd08n lj:tf/df tkfO{+sf] xfd|f] kf6L{ zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPb]lv gnfu] k l5 ca xfdLn] a9L ;/sf/n] ev{/} dfq k"0f{tf kfPsf] hgjfbsf] cEof; ePsf] 5 eGg] ;lsG5, cfjZos kbf{ To;sf] pkof]u
kf6L { n ] l;kmfl/; u/ ] s f clxn];Ddsf] sfo{lbzf eg]sf] zflGt lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ 5 . o;n] ev{ / } dfq cfˆgf] cy{df o;nfO{ a'‰g'k5{ . ljrf/ /fd|f];Fu ug{ klg hfGb5g\ .
dGqLx¿n] g} ;ky u| x 0f / ;+ljwfg g} xf] . zflGt / ;+ljwfg eGg] lgisif{df xfd|f] kf6L{ k'u]sf] 5 . sfdsf/jfxLx¿ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . ;d"xx¿dfly k|ltaGw nufOof], bdg ) eGgfn] g] k fnL qmflGtnfO{
u/] g g\ lg, o;sf] sf/0f s] ;'lglZrt ePg eg] o;sf lj?4 afFsL /x]sf] 5f]6f] ;dodf klg xfd|f] ;/sf/ hfFbf–ghfFb} sfd ePg eGg ul/of] eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd k" 0 f{ t fdf k' ¥ ofpg dfcf] j fbL
xf] n f < s;}n] if8\oGq u¥of] eg] g]kfnL clGtd k|of; zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] t ldNb}g . ;/sf/n] s;/L cfˆgf] :jefljs¿kdf /fd|f] cfpFb}g . of] cem} klg b[ 9 ;+ s lNkt 5
xfd|f] kf6L{af6 ;/sf/df dlxnfsf] hgtfn] To;sf] lj?4 ljb|f]x u5{g\ . nflu g} s]lGb|t ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf sfdsf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpF5, Tof] x]g{ slt 7Ls, slt a]7Ls eGg]af/]df eGg vf] H g' e Psf] xf] <
tkm{af6 ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf ePg To;sf] g]t[Tj PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] 5f}F . xfdL, clxn] ToxL lbzfdf cufl8 afFsL g} 5 . of] ;/sf/n] zflGt / xfdL kl5 d"Nof+sg u5f}{+ . xf], /fli6«o cleef/f PsLs[t
eGg] Pshgf dfggLosf] egfO/x]sf] u5{ . xfdL hgtfn] ug]{ ljb|fx] sf] nflu al9/x]sf 5f}F . ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu, ) dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿dfly clxn] dfcf]jfbLsf] sfFwdf dfq} 5 . of]
5 . csf{ Ps ;fyLn] dw];sf d'2f g]t[Tj lbg tof/ x'g'k5{ . afx|a'Fb] ) ;+ l jwfg hf/L x' g ] elgPsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f ug{sf] kb / kh]/f]sf] kl5 nfu]sf] ;dfhnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{, kl/jt{g
;Daf]wg ug'k{ g]{ eGg] s'/f p7fpg' ;xdltb]lv clxn];Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqf lbg h]7 !$ cfpg ca @) nflu hgck]Iffx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{, dxFuL cf/f] k nfu] s f] 5 lg, o; ug]{ bfloTj klg xfd|} sfFwdf /x]sf]
ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df sltkosf] eg]sf] zflGt / ;+ljwfgs} ofqf xf] . lbg klg afFsL 5}g, of]aLrdf lgoGq0f ug{, nf]8;]l8ª 36fpg, ljifodf s] eGg' x ' G 5 < 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{
JolQmut c;Gt'li6x¿ klg b]vfk/]sf zflGt / ;+ l jwfgsf] ofqfaf6 zflGt / ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f a]/f]huf/L ;d:ofnfO{ sd;]sd dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ hf]uLx¿sf] kf6L{ b[9 5f}F . xfdLaf6 /fi6« / hgtfn]
5g\ / klg of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ljrlnt ePsf] xf]Og . k| l qmofn] k" 0 f{ t f kfpg] Go"g¿kdf eP klg lgoGq0f ug{sf] xf]Og, of] ;Gt–dxGtx¿sf] kf6L{ klg 7"nf] cfzf u/]sf] 5 . Oltxf;n]
l5§} x'G5 . ) tkfO{+x¿ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] ;Defjgf b] l vPsf] 5} g . nflu ev{/} ag]sf] ;/sf/n] s]–slt xf]Og . of] ;dfhnfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kdf ;dosf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ xfdL
) dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ l eq g} nflu slxn];Dd s'g'{x'G5 t < o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{ + x ¿ sfd u5{, Tof] x]b}{ hfg'k5{ . ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ cufl8 hfg'k5{ eGg] Odfgbf/Lk" j { s k| l ta4 x' g ' k 5{ .
dlGqd08ndf ;xefuL x' F b f zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu s;/L cufl8 a9\ g ' x ' G 5 < ) dfcf] j fbLn] ca l5§} ;] g f dfGotf af]s]sf] kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ cfk"mnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ xf]Og, /fi6« /
efujG8f ldn] g eg] / rsf] { ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L{ x'gs ' f] gftfn] xfdL ;do yf]/} 5, t}klg /fhgLlts ;dfof] h g / ;;++ l jwfg xf] . sf7df8f}F ;8sdf k}bn lxF8]/ hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ dfcf]jfbL
ljjfb aflx/ cfO/x]sf] 5 lg < a9L lhDd] j f/Lsf ;fy cufl8 ;xdltsf] cfwf/df h]7 !$ sf] ;Gbe { d f 7f] ;
lgdf { 0 fsf] ;Gbe{ sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] cfu|x k'/ftgjfbL cfˆgf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ k|lta4 5 .
of] xfd|f] kf6L{sf] nflu b'Mvsf] s'/f a9\g'k5{ . of] xfd|f] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] ;d:ofnfO{ /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg of] h gf Nofpg] atfPsf] 5, cfu| x xf] . ;do;fk] I f cufl8 ) cGTodf yk s ] x L eGg
xf] . kf6L{df To:tf] x'gx' G' y]g, h] eof], kl5Nnf] lg0f{o klg xf] . cGo bnx¿n] ;lsG5 . h]7 !$ cfpFb}df cfsfz} Tof] of]hgf s:tf] x'G5, s]xL a9\gk' 5{ . lxhf] e"ldut sfndf Pp6f rfxg' x ' G 5 <
Tof] unt 5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f u/]sf] x'gfn] v:g], kftfn g} 8'Ag] eGg] x'Fb}g . atfOlbg' ; \ g < ldl6ª ug{ pgfG;f7L lbg;Dd klg ljutb] l v g} o; If] K of:q
) dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] ev{/} dfq pgLx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ To;nfO{ /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] ca cfpg] of]hgf klg zflGt / xfdL lxF8s] f lyof}F . clxn]sf] j:t'ut ;fKtflxsn] zflGt, ;+ l jwfg /
zflGt / ;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 fsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzfdf kxnsb\dL cfwf/df lgsf; lbg ;lsG5 . Tof] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ u/L g} l:yltn] uf8L r9\g'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{sf] nflu
af6f] d f nfUg] lg0f{ o u/] s f] u5{g\ ls eg]/ xfdLn] af6f] x]/]sf lgsf; eg] s f] ;+ l jwfg;efn] cfpg] xf] . ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf] nflu uf8L r9\g] eGg] s'/f ug'{ lk5l8Psf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf] 5 .
5, s] tkfO{ + x ¿n] ca lyof}F t/ cGo kf6L{x¿ g]kfnL hgtfn] clxn];Dd u/]sf sfdsf/jfxLx¿sf] klg cGt/f{ l i6« o cEof; / dfgl;stf xf] . PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf o;n] lg/Gt/¿kdf cfˆgf] P]ltxfl;s
hgljb|f]xsf] sfo{qmd Tofu]s} cfzf u/] c g' ; f/sf] zflGt / d:of}bf ;+ljwfg hgtfsf] cufl8 of]hgfcg';f/ g} sfo{qmd cfpF5 . g]tfx¿ cfjZos kbf{ kb TofUg klg cleef/f k"/f u/f];\ eGg] z'esfdgf
xf] t < ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzftkm{ ;fj{ h lgs u/] / lbg ;lsG5 . ;a}n] k|tLIff u/]sf] cfufdL h]7 !$ ;S5g\, uf8L, ;'ljwf TofUg klg lbg rfxG5' .
;xdltdf k'Ug afFsL /x]sf ljifox¿df sf] lgsf; s] x'g ;S5 eGg] af/]df
cGo bnx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f u/]sf] x'gfn] /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df xfd|f] kf6L{sf] 7f]; of]hgf Nofpg] eg]/ xfd|f] kf6L{ zflGtk|lqmofdf cfPb]lv
;dfwfg ug]{ k|of; ug'k{ 5{ . ;]gf cWoIf k|r08n] eGg'ePsf] 5 . s]xL clxn];Ddsf] sfo{lbzf eg]sf] zflGt /
pgLx¿n] zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzfdf ;dfof]hgnufot zflGt k|lqmofsf lbgleq Tof] sfo{of]hgf aflx/ cfpF5 .
kxnsb\dL u5{g\ ls eg]/ xfdLn] af6f] x]/s ] f lyof}F afFsL /x]sf sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kn] ) clxn] dfcf] j fbL kf6L{ l eq ;+ljwfg g} xf] . zflGt / ;+ljwfg ;'lglZrt
cufl8 a9fpg] sfd ug'k{ 5{ . To;sf] s]Gb|b]lv tNnf] tx;Dd u'6, ePg eg] o;sf lj?4 s;}n] if8\oGq u¥of]
t/ cGo kf6L{x¿ g]kfnL hgtfn] cfzf u/]cg';f/sf] nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿aLr ;xdlt pku'6 l;h{gf ePsf] b]lvG5
zflGt / ;+ljwfgnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ lbzftkm{ gnfu]kl5 aGg ;Sof] eg] lgsf; lgsfNg lg, o; ljifodf s ] eg] g]kfnL hgtfn] To;sf] lj?4 ljb|fx ]
;lsG5 . eGg' x ' G 5 < u5{g\ . To;sf] g]tT[ j PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn]
ca xfdLn] a9L lhDd]jf/Laf]w u/]/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ ) tkfO{ + s } kf6L{ s f g] t fx¿ of] nf]stGqdf ljrf/, cf:yfx¿
eGg] lgisif{df xfd|f] kf6L{ k'us
] f] 5 . ;/sf/n] zflGt / ;+ l jwfg km/s–km/s x'g ;S5g\ . clxn] xfd|f] u5{ . xfdL hgtfn] ug]{ ljb|fx] sf] nflu g]tT[ j
lgdf{ 0 fsf] k| l qmofnfO{ k" 0 f{ t f kf6L{n] bnLo k|lt:kwf{nfO{ :jLsf/ lbg tof/ x'gk' 5{ . afx|a“' b] ;xdltb]lv
lbg ;Sb} g , sfF u | ] ; nufot u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg ljrf/x¿nfO{
dw] ; jfbL bnnfO { ;d] t v]Ng, k'mNg b]pm eGg] dfGotfsf] clxn];Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqf eg]sf] zflGt /
of] ;/sf/nfO{ g} /fli6«o ;xdltsf ;/sf/sf] ldnfP/ ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ cfwf/df kf6L{ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgs} ofqf xf] .
agfpg'k5{ eGg] cleJolQmx¿ Pp6f /fd|f] k"mnaf/L x'gs ' f] nflu ToxfF
¿k lbg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] g]tfsf] egfO xf] . o; lbO/xg' e Psf] 5 lg < ljleGg /ËLrËL k"mnx¿ x'g'k5{ .
;/sf/df g]kfnL sfFu|];nufot dw];jfbL of] ;/sf/nfO{ g} /fli6« o To;kl5 dfq k"mnaf/Ln] ;'Gb/tf
/fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df lgsf; lbg
;xdltsf ;/sf/sf] ¿k lbg'k5{ eGg] kfpF5 . To;sf/0f Pp6f kf6L{leq
bnx¿;d]t ;xefuL eP/ clxn] tTsfnsf] xfd|f] g]tfsf] egfO xf] . o; ;/sf/df klg ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg ;lsG5 . Tof] lgsf; eg] s f] ;+ l jwfg;efn]
/fhgLlts ;+s6nfO{ lgsf; lbg] k|of; g] k fnL sfF u | ] ; nufot dw] ; jfbL ljrf/x¿ cfpg' :jefljs xf] ,
clxn] ; Dd u/] s f sfdsf/jfxLx¿sf]
bnx¿;d]t ;xefuL eP/ clxn] To;nfO{ cGoyf dfGg ;lsFb}g .
ug'{k5{ . To;af6 dfq clxn];Dd hgtfn] tTsfnsf] /fhgLlts ;+ s 6nfO{ kf6L{leq ljrf/sf] cfwf/df ljrf/ d:of} b f ;+ l jwfg hgtfsf] cufl8
;+3if{ u/]/ k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ub}{ lgsf; lbg] k|of; ug'{k5{ . To;af6 ;d" x x¿ klg :jefljs ¿kn]
dfq clxn];Dd hgtfn] ;+3if{ u/]/ hlGdG5g\ , To;nfO{ :jfefljs ;fj{ h lgs u/] / lbg ;lsG5 .
cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 . k|fKt u/]sf pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ub}{ dfGg'k5{ . kf6L{n] km/s ljrf/ /fVg
cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 . /fli6«o ;xdltsf] kfpg] cg'dlt;d]t lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f]
;/sf/ aGg g;s] klg bnx¿aLr kf6L{sf] s]xL ;do cufl8 ePsf] Pp6f /fd|f] k"mnaf/L x'gsf] nflu Toxf“ ljleGg
/ /fhgLlts ;xdltaf6 d'n'snfO{ :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sn] ljleGg
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx? cfjZos kbf{ lgsf; lbg'k5{ eg] Wo]osf ;fy tL ljrf/, ;d"xsf] ljrf/x¿nfO{ kf6L{leq /·Lr·L k"mnx¿ x'g'k5{ . To;kl5 dfq
kb TofUg klg ;S5g\, uf8L, ;'ljwf ljifox¿ cufl8 cfPsf x'g\ . rnv]n ug{ lbg], k|lt:kwf{ ug{ lbg] k"mnaf/Ln] ;'Gb/tf kfp“5 . To;sf/0f Pp6f
) kf6L{ ;/sf/df ;xefuL eP / k|lt:kwf{df >]i7tf sfod ug{
TofUg klg ;lsG5, cfjZos kbf{ To;sf] klg hgck] l Ift sfd ug{ s;}nfO{ cj/f]w l;h{gf gug]{ eg]sf kf6L{leq klg ljrf/sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg
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geP/ ;kmntfsf nflu Joxf/df ptfg{5 sl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . Oltxf;nfO{ x]g{ ] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{, -$_ u|fdL0f If]qsf ePsf] 7flgG5 . t/ clxn] < z/L/ w]/} df]6fpFbf ljleGg vfn] /f]u nfUg
;'/Iff;DaGwL lj1x?nfO{ cfdGq0f
;+3if{ ug{] eg]sf] ;zStLs/0f xf] . dlxnf xf] eg] cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf n}l+ us ;LdfGts[t dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ;Sg] 8/ t 5Fb}5, j}1flgsx?sf] cWoogn] eg] df]6f dfG5]sf] :d/0f zlSt
ug{;Sg]5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf
;zStLs/0f lsg cfjZos x'G5 < e]befj lyPg, cfdfsf] g} g]tT[ j lyof] . Pjd\ hLjg:t/ ;'wf/sf nflu nlIft sdhf]/ x'G5 eGg] kQf nfu]sf] 5 .
;lrjsf] lgo'lSt ;/sf/ k|dv ' af6
g]kfnsf] cj:yf x]g{ ] xf] eg] dlxnfn] cem} klg cflbjf;L ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] g} ;+ / If0ffTds, ;] j fd" n s tyf j}1flgsx?n] ljleGg dflg;sf] :d/0f zlSt k/LIf0f ubf{ z/L/df yf]/}
x'g5] .Ú :yfoL zflGt :yfkgf / n}l+ us
3/kl/jf/, ;dfhb]lv lnP/ ;+;f/ g]tT[ j /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ kl/jf/eGbf ;zStLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ dfqfdf df]6f]kg j[4L x'Fb} hfFbfklg To;}sf cg'kftdf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'g]
;dfgtfsf] nflu /fli6«o« ;'/Iff kl/ifb\sf]
;dfNg' k/]sf] 5 . dlxnfsf] g]tT[ j x/]s aflx/sf] ;dfh, ;d'bfo / /fhgLltdf / -%_ åGå ;dfwfg / zflGt :yfkgf ug{ kQf nfUof] . cyf{t z/L/df x'g] df]6f]kgsf] PsfO{ …a8L df; O{G8]S;Ú -la
lgdf{0fdf dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg ;xeflutf
If]qdf cfjZos /x]sf] 5 . t/ dlxnfx? eg] cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnfx? kl5 sfo{df dlxnfx?sf] ;fy} ;xeflutf Pd cfO{_ sf] dfqf hlt j[4L x'G5 To;}sf] cg'kftdf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'g]
Hofb} dxTjk"0f{ d'2fsf ?kdf cfpFb5 .
;r]t / ;zSt geO{ oL s'/fx? ;Dej kl//x]sf 5g\ . o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f ;'lglZrt ug{ . /x]5 . w]/} dflg;x?nfO{{ pRr sf]n:] 6f]/n
] , d'6s
' f] /f]u, SofG;/, /Strfk sf
;+ljwfg;ef /fli6«o« lxt ;+/+ If0f ;ldlt
b]lvFbg} . ;r]t dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf] lkt[;QfTds ;+:yfx? h:t} M 3/kl/jf/, n}l+ us ;dfgtf / ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lyof] h'g df]6f]kgl;t ;Da4 x'G5 . t/ df]6f]kgn] :d/0f
cjwf/0ffkqsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf
3/kl/jf/ / 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ ;w}+ ;xL lzIff k|0ffnL, sfg'g, /fHo;Qf, ;~rf/ / k'gMlgdf{0f g]kfndf ;g\ !((^ b]lv @))^ zlSt gf; 36fpF5 eGg] hfgsf/L rflxF lyPg . of] xfn;fn} ePsf] gofF
k|ltj]bgcg';f/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#
dfu{bz{g ul//x]sf x'G5g\ / 5f]/f5f]/Ln] ;+3;+:yfx? /x]sf] kfOG5 . oL ;+:yfx?af6 ;Dd ePsf] dfcf]jfbL / /fHoaLrsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 kQf nfu]sf] xf] .
n] dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt,
klg ;kmntf kfPsf x'G5g\ . dlxnf
;zStLs/0f 3/kl/jf/b]lv lnP/
;a} hfltsf dlxnfx?df g} e]befj ul/Psf]
5 . n}l+ us ;dfgtf eg]sf] oL ;a}
;z:q åGåsf a]nf dfl/g] / a]kQf
agfOg]df dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} /x]sf]
dw] z L, If] q Lo ?kn] lk5l8Psf
;d'bfox?sf nflu lbPsf] clwsf/nfO{
of] tYo kQf nufpg cd]l/sfsf] gy{
;+;f/nfO{ g} /fd|f] af6f]df 8f]¥ofpgsf ;+:yfx?df dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg clwsf/ kfOG5 . t/ åGåaf6 zflGt k|so[ fdf ;d]t vf];s ] f] 5 . /fli6«o lxt, ;'/Iff / j]:6g{ ljZjljBfno / lk6;{ au{ ljZjljBfnosf s]xL cg';GwfgsdL{x?n]
nflu cfjZos 5 . xf] . dlxnf / k'?ifaLrdf /x]sf] ;a} vfnsf nfu]sf d'ns ' x?n] zflGt lgdf{0f k|so[ fsf] k|lt/Iff;DaGwL gLlt th'd{ f ug]{ kl/rfng *,&$% dlxnfx?dfly k/LIf0f u/]sf lyP . tL dlxnfx? ^% / &( jif{ pd]/sf
n}+lus ;dfgtf e]befjsf vf8nx? x6fO{ ;femf ;+;f/ lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf eg] / Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu agfOg] /fli6«o« lyP . tL ;a}nfO{{ s]xL k|Zgx? lbO{Psf] lyof] h;df ltgsf] b}lgs vfgkfg,
n}l+ us ;dfgtf eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] agfpg' xf] . ;+;f/s} dlxnfx?sf] ;femf alxis/0f ul//x]sf] 5 . o'4df dlxnfn] ;'/Iffkl/ifb\df n}l+ us ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL :jf:Yo cj:yf / ;du|?kdf lhpg] tl/sfaf/] ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . k/LIf0f kl5
pQ/ vf]Hg'cufl8 h]G8/ / lnËsf] n8fOF eg]sf] g} n}l+ us ;dfgtfsf nflu aufPsf] /ut / kl;gfnfO{ /fHon] ePsf] kfOFbg} . n}l+ us ;dfgtf / df]6f]kg a9\b} hfFbf :d/0f zlSt x|f; x'bF } hfg] kQf nfUof] . cg';Gwfgaf6 s]klg
cjwf/0ffaf/] a'‰g' cfjZos 5 . h]G8/ xf] . dlxnfx?nfO{ x/]s If]qdf k5fl8 :jLsf/ ug{;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL dlxnfx? ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] k'glg{df{0fsf d'2faf/] ljZjdf kQf nfUof] eg] sDd/sf] t'ngfdf k'67\ fdf ePsf] al9 df]6f] kgn] t'ngfTds?kdf
;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ?kn] lgdf{0f ePsf] kfl/Psf] x'gfn] dlxnfx?n] ljsf;sf] o'4 cufl8 jf o'4 k5fl8sf] /fHosf g} p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . lsgls h'g;'s} d'2f a9L :d/0fzlSt 36fpF5 . t/ df]6f]kgn] s;/L lbdfusf] sfo{k0| ffnLnfO{{ k|efj
x'G5 . x/]s ;dfhdf dlxnf / k'?ifn] sfo{qmddfkm{t\ dlxnfx?nfO{ ;zSt x/]s ;+/rgdf / zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf rfx] /fli6«o« xf];\ jf cGt/f{li6«o« o;df kf5{ eg] rflxF j}1flgsx?n] :ki6 a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg . t/ pgLx?n] s] cfz+sf
lgjf{x ug{k' g{] e"ldsf 5'§f5'§} x'g] ub{5 . agfpgsf nflu dlxnf ljsf; sfo{qmdx? alxis/0fdf k/]sf 5g\ . jt{dfg ;a}eGbf klxnf dlxnfx? g} l;sf/ ePsf u/]sf 5g eg] al9 df]6fpFbf To;n] z/L/sf] /fu/; -xd{g_ sf] dfqfnfO{{
lnËsf cfwf/df k'?if / gf/L b'ja} f6 ;~rfng ul/Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . cj:yfdf dlxnfx? afFRgsf nflu ;+3if{ 5g\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ ha/h:tL s/0fL, k|efljt u5{ / To;n] lbdfunfO{{ k|efljt u5{ . pgLx?n] s] klg cfz+sf u/]sf
;dfhn] ck]Iff u/]sf] e"ldsf g} jf:tjdf h]G8/ / ljsf; ul//x]sf 5g\ . k'?ifk|wfg ;dfh, k'?ifn] anfTsf/kl5 xTofh:tf lx+;fdf dlxnfx? 5g eg] cgfjZos ?kdf df]6fpFb} hfFbf To;n] ;du|?kdf ;Dk"0f{ efunfO{{ g}
h]G8/ xf] . h]G8/n] gf/L / k'?ifsf n}l+ us ;dfgtfsf nflu ljsf;sf g]tT[ j u/]sf] /fHo;Qfdf dlxnfx? kl//x]sf 5g\ . To;sf/0f /fli6«o« tyf k|efljt kf5{ . k|l] :qmK;g km/ Go'l6«:gn x]lnª eGg] :jf:y ;DalGw k':tssf
;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftfx?nfO{ k|of;x? ljZjdf g} /x]sf] kfOG5 . /fhg}lts?kn] of]Uo / ;Ifd eP tfklg cGt/f{li6«o« ;'/Iffkl/ifb\sf] u7gdf n}l+ us n]vs lkmln; P afNrsf cg';f/ o;/L df]6fpFb} hfg'sf] sf/0f sdhf]/ kf]if0f,
hgfpF5 . gf/L / k'?if hGdhft lgwf{/0f ljsf;sf] cjwf/0f ljz]if u/]/ bf];f| ] k'?ifsf] lg0f{oljgf /fHosf] lg0ff{os txdf ;dfgtfdf d'Vo hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . vfgkfgsf] afgL / tl/sf clg Jofofdsf] cefjnfO{{ cf}NF ofPsf 5g . ahf/df
x'g] eP tfklg h]G8/ rflxF hGdhft ljZjo'4kl5 nfu" ePsf] kfOG5 . ;g\ cfpg ;Sb}gg . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf tof/L cj:yfdf lsg]sf vfg]s/' f gvfg], vfgkfgsf] tl/sfdf kl/jt{g ug]{ /
lgwf{/0f x'g] xf]Og . lnËsf cfwf/df @)^) / @)&) sf] bzs ;+oS' t n}l+ us ;dfgtf sfod ug{sf nflu o; d'2fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ clt h?/L 5 . lgoldt cltl/St zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug]{ xf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg] atfPsf 5g .
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w/fgdf klxn] lgs} w]/} gf6s x'g] ;lhnf] 5}g.Ú of] ef/taf6 lg:sg]
lag nfb]geGbf 7"nf] cft+ssf/L cd]l/sf
ljZjel/ cft+s dRrfpg] / xTof ug]{ s'VoftL sdfPsf] cnsfobfsf d'Vo
gfOs] cf];fdf lag nfb]g . logsf] k|z;+ f ug]{ s'/} ePg . ljZjel/ h]–hlt
uYof{] . aLrdf of] qmd 6'6\of] . lgs}
nfdf] ;dokl5 @)^* ;fn j}zfv ax; cfly{s klqsf lalhg]; :6fG88{sf]
lj1fkg xf] . To;sf] tn n]lvPsf]
gful/ssf] xTofdf oL ;+nUg eP, To;sf] hlt la/f]w ubf{ klg sd} x'G5 . t/
clxn] log} lag nfb]g dfl/Psf]df cd]l/sL ;/sf/ / cd]l/sL hgtfn] hlt xif{–
a9fOF u/]sf 5g\, Tof] klg eT;{gfof]Uo g} 5 . lsgeg] klxnf] t cd]l/sf :jo+
bf];|f] xKtfdf w/fgdf Pp6f gf6s
b]vfOof] . o;sf] syf o:tf] lyof]–
df]xg d}gfnL 5 M …;dfrf/ kf; x' g ' cl3
;+jfbbftfn] xfd|f] k/LIff kf; ug{k' 5{Ú cf];fdf lag nfb]g hGdfpg] cft+ssf/L xf] / o;n] To:tf cft+ssf/L ljZjel/g}
cg'hf aflgof n] ?= (! nfv gub lkmNd b]vfpg k|ltjGw nufPsf] dsxfF cfPsf lyP . lrtjgsf] To;kl5 ;xefuLx? lha|f] sf8]/ hGdfO/x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf] hf] lk5nUu' x'bF g} , ToxfFsf hgtfsf] sTn]cfd
/ lx/fsf] xf/ km]nf kfl/g . s]xL lbg 3f]if0ff u¥of] . ;fDk|bflos b+uf s'v'/fdf ;?jf /f]u km}lnPsf]df eG5g– oftgf kfP h:tf], aofg lnFb} ul//x]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfsf /fi6«ktL af/fs cf]afdfn] ;}Go ck/]zgdf nfb]gsf]
3/df /flvg / h;sf] xf] o;}nfO{{ km} n fpg] k| o f; eof] . g] k fn pgnfO{{ lrGtf nfu]sf] /x]5 . pgn] u/] h:tf] b]lvg] dflg; t ;+jfbbftf xTof ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs t u/] . t/ ;fj{hlgs tl:j/ / l/kf]6x{ ?n] pgsf] xTof
ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg]df z+sfx? hf/L 5g\ . nfb]g dfl/pg\ jf gdfl/pg\,
kmsf{Og . of] gf6s s]xL ;do;Dd ef/taLrsf] ;DaGw lgs} lttf] eof] . To;sf] /f]syfdsf] pkrf/ s] 5 eg]/ kf] /x]5 . o;sf jl/kl/ a;]/ oftgf cflv/ pgnfO{{ hGdfpg], cnsfobfsf] hfnf] km}nfpg] sfd cd]l/sfn] g} u/]sf]
;To 7xl/of] . o; k|z; + gLo sfdsf] ef/tLo k|wfgdGqLn] g]kfnsf dGqL;Fu ;f]w] . d}n] Pp6f cf}iflwsf] gfd atfPF lbF b } u/] em} F nfUg] dflg; t xf] . ckmuflg:tfgdf to:TsfnLg ;f]leot ?;n] cfqmd0f ubf{ ;f]leot kmf}hlj?4
;dfrf/ k|rf/k|;f/ eof] . ;a}hgfn] s'/f ug{k' ¥of] . olt eO;s]kl5 g]kfnL / Tof] s;/L nufpg] eGg] tl/sf ;Dkfbsx? kf] /x]5g . bf];|f] k]hsf] n8\g cd]l/sfn]g} prfn]sf] lyof] . lag nfb]gnfO{{ . cd]l/sfn] cfly{s ;xof]u
pgsf] /fd|f] sfdsf] k|z+zf u/] . cvaf/x?dWo] Pp6fn] ;DkfbsLo klg atfPF . cfh Tof] ;dfrf/ tn kl§ c? s]xL jfSo n]lvPsf u¥of] . cfw'lgs xft xltof/ lbof] . sfo{stf{ / n8fs" hGdfof] . Tolta]nf ;f/f
/fi6«klt;Ddn] kmf]g u/]/ pgsf] n] V of] – …eGb} geg] s f] s' / fsf] tkfO{Fsf] klqsfdf 5flkPsf] 5 . 5g . …xfdL o;nfO{{ ;f]W5f}F– tYofÍ ;xof]u u/]/ ;f]leot la?4 n8\g] d'hflx2Lgx?nfO{{ prfNof] . ;f]leot ;+3l;t
tfl/km u/] . o;sf] s]xL lbgd} k|rf/k|;f/ ug{x'Fb}gYof] .Ú crDdsf] tkfO{Fsf] l/kf]6{n] cf}iflwsf] gfd t sxfF a f6 lnOPsf] xf] < tYofÍ n8\g] a]nf cd]l/sL k};f]d} nfb]gn] cnsfobf ;+u7g vf]n] . xhf/f}nF fO{{ cft+ssf/L
cg'hfsf af/]df ;~rf/dfWodn] z+sf s'/f rflxF s] lyof] eg] o:tf] cfzosf] ;xL n]v5 ] g t/ cf}iflw nufpg] ljlw bf]xf]¥ofP/ r]s u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g < tflnd lbP, n8fs' hGdfP . o;/L ;f]leot ;+3 lj?4 cd]l/sfn] cft+s dRrfof]
ug{yfn] . cyf{t kqsf/x?n] s]xL lbg ;DkfbsLo 5flkPsf] lbg ;f] x L eg] unt n] v ] 5 g . d} n ] %) ;dfrf/df h;sf af/]df n]lvPsf] nfb]gnfO{{ k|of]u u/]/ . cflv/df e}lbof] s] eg] cGttM nfb]g cd]l/sfs} la?4
klxn] h] ;dfrf/ k7fPsf lyP Tof] klqsfsf] dgf]/~hg k]hdf rflxF ldlnln6/ cf}iflw %)) ln6/ kfgLdf 5 o;nfO{{ ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbPsf] 5 plqP ha cd]l/sfn] ;f]leot ;+3l;t dfq} n8\g gvf]h/] ;Dk"0f{ ;fpbL c/ael/g}
c;To ePsf] ;dfrf/ k7fP . g]kfnLsf] ckdfg u/]sf] eg]/ Clts 3f]n]/ s'v'/fsf] 7'F8f]df nufOlbg' ls 5}g < s;}n] Pp6f ;Gbe{df eg]sf] bfbflu/] b]vfpg yfNof] . ;f/f c/a d'ns ' km'6fP/ kmfObf lng yfNof] . ToxfFsf]
…cvaf/Ú k9]g eg] va/ yfxf x'Fb}g, /f]zgsf] bf]xf]nf] sfl8Psf] lyof] . o; eg]sf] lyPF . tkfO{Fsf ;+jfbbftfn] s'/f unt cy{ nfUg] u/L csf{] t]n vfgLdf cfFvf uf8\g / cft+s dRrfP/ c/a d'ns ' df efF8e}nf] dRrfpg
k9\of] eg] em'7f va/ yfxf kfOG5,Ú aLrdf x'Fb} gePsf slt s'/f g]kfnL …%)) ln6/ kfgLdf 3f]n]/ eGg] s'/f ;Gbe{df pkof]u u/]sf] kf] 5 ls <Ú yfNof] . ToxL s'/f nfb]gn] ?rfPgg\ . nfb]gn] cd]l/sL ;]gf dWok"jd{ f t}gfy
gug{ k6s–k6s cfu|x u/], r]tfjgL lbP cd]l/sfnfO{ . g6]/k] l5 ;g\ !((* df
c+u|]hL efiffdf n]Vg] ;flxTosf/ kqsfl/tfn] xf] egL k|rf/k|;f/ u¥of] . 5'6fOlbP5g . tkfO{Fsf] klqsf / …xfd|f xftdf ePsf] csf{] ;dfrf/ nfb]gn] cd]l/sf la?4 g} o'4sf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ c/a d'ns ' nfO{{ cd]l/sfl;t n8\g
dfs{6j\ Lgn] eg]sf lyP . pgL d/]sf] w]/} g]kfnLn] cfk"m d/]sf] ;dfrf/ dnfO{ { ljZjf; u/] / lrtjgsf kf7ssf nflu a9L dxTjk"0f{ 5 eg] cfXjfg u/] . cflv/ c/a d'ns ' df ;]gf /fVg], ToxfFsf] t]n vfgL / k|fs[lts
!)! jif{eO;s]sf] 5 . pgn] slDtdf ;'Gg], x]g{ / k9\g] cj;/ kfP . s'v'/fkfnsn] tkfO{Fsf] klqsfdf oL ;a} s'/fsf] lrQa'‰bf] hjfkm ;|ft] df n'6 dRrfpFbf nfb]gn] cfFvf lrlDnPsf] eP cd]l/sfsf] lk|o e}/xGy]
klg !)! jif{cl3sf] kqsfl/tfsf vgLvf]l;| u/]/ hLljsf ug{] ls;fg 5flkP h:t} u/]5g . kmn:j?k kfPkl5 klg xfdL o;sf] ;dfrf/ nfb]g . c? b]zdf hlt Hofg lnP klg, cft+s dRrfP klg cd]l/sfsf]
af/]df o:tf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf] x'g'k5{ cft+ssf/L agfOP . em'7f s'/f ug{] lrtjgdf eP hlt ;a} % s/f]8 g5fKg ;S5f}F . v'zLsf] s'/f s] 5 eg] kl/efiffdf Tof] cft+s x'g] lyPgg\ olb cd]l/sfn] eg]sf ;f/f zt{ nfb]gn]
o; 36gfn] s] s'/f k|dfl0ft u¥of] ck/fw xf] eg] Tof] ck/fw g]kfnL s' v ' / f d/] .Ú dflysf] s' / f clwsf+z dflg;n] o:tf] kqsfl/tf dg dflglbPsf] eP . To;}n] cft+ssf/Lsf] xTof eGb} clxn] v';L dgfpg] cd]l/sfg}
eg], dfs{6\jLgn] ef]u]sf] kqsfl/tf kqsfl/tfn] u¥of] . em'7f s'/f ubf{ atfO;s]kl5 ;Dkfbsn] tkfO{FnfO{{ k/fpF5g .Ú cfhef]ln kqsf/x?sf nfb]gsf] ;[li6stf{ xf], cem 7"nf] cft+ssf/L xf] . k|;Ë lag nfb]gsf] dfq} xf]Og,
g]kfndf cfh klg hLljt 5 . cyf{t a]kmfObf k'U5 eg] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn] ;f]w,] …ca tkfO{F s] ug{xG' 5 <Ú o;sf] nflu cfwf/e"t kqsfl/tf / lkmr/ cd]l/sfn] sxfF dRrfPsf] 5}g cft+s < O{/fssf tfgfzfx ;2fd x';g] nfO{{ ckb:t
cvaf/ k9]g eg], /]l8of] ;'gg] eg] ;dfhnfO{{ Tof] a]kmfObf k'¥ofof] . t/ hjfkm lbg'; . kfFr ldg]6 hlt n]vg h:tf hxfF klg, hlxn] klg / ug{] gfddf clxn];Dd cd]l/sL ;]gfn] xhf/f}F ;j{;fwf/0fsf] xTof ul/;s]sf
/ 6]lnlehg x]/]g eg] va/ yfxf Cltsb]lv cg'hf sf08;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;f]rljrf/ u/]kl5 kqsf/x?n] pQ/ h'g;'s} ljifodf klg sfd nfUg] 5g\ . nfvf}F afnaflnsfnfO{{ cft+lst kfg],{ dfg],{ nv6\g] ul//x]s} 5 . ckmuflg:tfg
kfOFb}g, cvaf/ k9\of] eg], /]l8of] g] k fnL kqsfl/tfsf] cfwf/e" t lbg yfn] . …e"n;'wf/ ug{ .Ú …Ifdf kqsfl/tfsf l;ksf af/]df tflnd x'g / O{/fsdf la/f]wLx?nfO{{ UofF;sf] RofDa/df xfn]/ cd]l/sL ;]gfn] lhpFb} cfuf]
;'Gof] eg] / 6]lnlehg x]¥of] eg] em'7f sdhf]/L sfod} 5 . clxn] lglZrt dfUg].Ú …cab]lv To;f] gug{.Ú …To;f] 5f8]sf 5g . ljleGg pknIfdf ljleGg nufPsf bb{gfs b[Zon] cd]l/sfsf] k|hftGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d'v0' 8f] pbfËf]
kfl//x]s} 5 . hfkfgsf] lx/f]l;df, gfufzfsLb]lv adf{ / leotgfd o'4df cd]l/sfn]
va/ yfxf kfOG5.Ú cg'hfn] 9fF6bf cvaf/nfO{{ v'lRrª eGg]x?n] o; ubf{ d/] s f kfF r s/f] 8 s' v ' / f k'mSsf hf]8/] tflnd lbg] rng rflxF u/]sf] xTof / cft+sn] cd]l/sf ljZjs} ;a}eGbf Jojl:yt, s'zn cft+ssf/L xf]
/ pgn] eg]sf em'7f s'/f kqsf/n] cl3 of] eGbf 7"nf ulNt u/]sf /]s8{ AoFl' tG5g <Ú Pshgf ;xefuLn] xfd|f] a9]sf] 5 . pknIf h] eP klg d]/f] eGg] 5n{Ë} 5 . c? b]zsf] ;'g, rfFbL, kmnfdnufotsf vfgL, t]n e08f/nufot
k|rf/k|;f/ ubf{ g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{{ pgLx?s} klqsfsf kmfOndf ;'/lIft sfd ;lhnf] agfOlbP . …s'v'/fsf] nIf rflxF kqsfl/tfsf cfwf/e"t cGo k|fs[lts ;|ft] / ;fwgx?df cd]l/sfn] lu4sf h:tf cfFvf uf8\5 .
Tolt w]/} Iflt k'ug] xf]nf . ;lb|otsf] 5g . slxn]sflxF crDd nfU5– o:tf] 7'F8fdf h'g cf}iflw bNg' eg]/ n]v]sf] s'/fsf af/]df cEof; u/fpg] x'G5 . Jofkf/sf zt{x? nfb\5 . cfˆgf] lk5nUu' agfpg vf]H5 . ha :jtGqk|d] L
v8]/L k/]sf a]nfdf o;n] s]xL lsg x'G5 < b}lgs klqsfsf ;dfrf/ lyof] ToxL cf}iflw cfk\mgf] gfsdf bn]/ To;}n,] ;s];Dd ;a} tflnddf k|;Ë gful/s / /fi6«n] To;sf] ;dy{g ub}g{ g\, o;n] tTsfn} cft+ssf/L b]Vg yfN5 .
;dosf nflu eg] klg jiff{ u/fof] . ;Lldt Ifdtf ePsf kqsf/x?n], dg]{,Ú Pshgf ;xefuLn] ;dfwfg ldNbf / tfgt'g kf/]/ k|;u+ ldnfpg ljZjnfO{{ n'6/] hDdf kf/]sf] o;sf] ;}Go ;fdu|Lsf] pGdfb b]vfP/ adaf/L ;'?
t/ ;gsdf em'7f s'/f ubf{ / To:tf ;Lldt ;do -!%÷!^ 306f_ leq lgsfn] . Psl5gsf] 5nkmnkl5 ;a} ;Sbf;Dd lalhg]; :6fG88{sf] lj1fkg ul/xN5 . clxn] klg O/fg, O{/fs, l;l/of, ckmuflg:tfgnufot ;Dk"0f{dWo]
s'/fnfO{{ kqsf/n] k|rf/k|;f/ ubf{ w]/} ug{ ;Lldt k|of;sf e/df tof/ ;xefuLx? s] s'/fdf ;xdt eP eg] b]vfpF5' . To;sf] cfzosf af/]df k"js { f cd]l/sfs} cft+s hf/L 5 . pQ/ sf]l/of, lrnLdf cd]l/sL wDsL /
7"nf] Iflt ePsf pbfx/0f klg 5g . x'G5g . s'g} 36gf x'g' cl3 g} ;+;f/sf ;fd' d'v b]vfpg gx'g] 5nkmn u/fpF5' . em08} cfwf 306f cft+s p:t} 5 . Kofn]l:6gLx?nfO{{ bafpg] / Oh/fonnfO{{ prfNg] sfd cd]l/sfs}
s'/f !! jif{cl3sf] xf] . clxn] ;dfrf/ k|;f/ ug]{ xf]8df nfu]sf vfnsf] ulNt u/]sfn] o:tf] cj:yfdf nufP/ To; lj1fkgdf ePsf kmf]6f] gLlt / lgb]z { gdf rln/x]s} 5 . Toltn] gk'u/] blIf0f cd]l/sf;Dd t]nsf]
cg' h fnfO{ { h:t} u/L Tolta] n f /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgn] t olt ;do dg'{ g} a]; x'G5 . b; dlxgfkl5, / zAb x]l/÷kl9 ;s]kl5 ;xefuLx? e08f/dfly sAhf hdfpg cd]l/sfn] e]gh ] o' nfl;t lgx'F vf]lh/x]s} 5 . ptf
lrtjgsf lj1fg k9\ g ] s] x L klg kfpFbg} g . t/ h] hlt cˆ7\of/f h'g lhNnfdf o:tf] cEof; u/]sf] eG5g– ;+jfbbftfn] lgs} s7f]/ t/ O{/fgdfly cfqmd0f ug{k' 5{ eg]/ rlDs/x]s} 5 . lnlaofdfly cfqmd0f u/]/
cft+s dRrfO/x]s} 5 . To;}n] ljZjdf hxfF czflGt / cft+s 5 ToxfF cd]l/sfsf]
o'jfx?nfO{{ rlr{t x'g] ;gs rNof] . eP klg ;dfrf/ ;fFrf] t x'gk} 5{ lyof] ToxL lhNnfaf6 Clts /f]zg pkof]uL k/LIff kf; u/]kl5 dfq} k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ;+nUgtf 5 . cd]l/sL hgtfn] Pp6f lag nfb]g dfl/Fbd} f xif{–
lj1fg ;DaGwL klqsf lgsfn]/ Tof] ;fFrf] g7xl/Psf] s'g} s'/f ;dfrf/ sf08sf] :ofn x'O{Fof ;'? eof] . of] ;dfrf/ 5flkFbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f a9fOF ug{s ' f] s'g} t's 5}g . lsgeg] ha;Dd cft+sf d"n sf/0f, d"ne"t ;|ft] x?
OR5f k"/f ug{vf]h] h'g c;kmn x'g' x'bF g} . g]kfnL kqsfl/tfdf ;fFrf] s'/f x'OoF{ f ToxL cvaf/af6 ;'? eof] h'g a'emof}F . Tolta]nf t dnfO{{ klg lgld6\ofGg kfl/Fbg} g\, ta;Dd cft+sjfb lgd"n{ x'g ;Sb}g . cft+sjfbnfO{{
:jefljs lyof] . To;kl5 pgLx?nfO{{ / xNnfsf aLrdf km/s gb]Vg] k|jl[ Q cvaf/sf Pshgf ;+ j fbbftf pgLx?n] a'em] em}F nfU5 . t/ kl5 lgd{n" ug{ t klxn] cd]l/sf :jo+n] cft+s l;h{gf ug{ aGb ug{' cfjZos 5 .
s;}n] ;Nnfx lbof]– kqsf/ af]nfpg] . clxn] klg xfjL 5 . w]/} s'/f ljrf/ dflysf] cEof;df ;xefuL lyP . klqsf k9\bf, /]l8of] ;'Gbf / l6le x]bf{ cfˆgf] :jfy{ kbf{ k|hftGqsf] kx/]bf/ 7fGg] / cfˆgf] :jfy{df wSsf kgf{;fy
lxGbL lkmNdsf] lx/f] Clts /f]zgn] ubf{ s] nfU5 eg] g]kfnL kqsfl/tfn] …To; lbg d ljbfdf lyPF,Ú kl5 e]6b\ f nfU5 of] s'/f Tolt ;lhn} a'emfpg cft+sjfb b]Vg] s'bl[ i6 aGb ul/g' h?/L 5 . cfˆgf :jfy{sf nflu cft+sjfbLx?nfO{{
g]kfnLnfO{{ dg k/fpFlbg egL lbPsf] o; k|j[lQnfO{{ a]:;/L Rofk]/ a;]sf] tL ;+jfbbftfn] eg]sf lyP . Clts g;lsg] /x]5 . of] s'/f a'emfpg cem kfngkf]if0f ug]{ cd]l/sL :jfy{ aGb ul/g' cfjZos 5 . cft+sjfbLx?n] p7fPsf
cGtjftf{ s'g} Pp6f lxGbL l6eL 5 . o; k| j [ l Qk| l tsf] g] k fnL sf08sf] b'O{ dlxgfkl5 g]kfn kqsf/ w]/} hgfn] cem uDeL/tfsf ;fy cem hfoh dfux?nfO{{ ;Daf]wg ul/g' klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . gq cft+sjfbsf
Rofgndf k|;f/0f ePsf] egL To;sf] kqsfl/tfsf] cfzlSt b]Vbf Pp6f 8/ dxf;+3n] lrtjg af]nfOof] . Ps s8f k|of; ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 . slxn]sflxF gfddf rd]/] gLlt sfod /fVb} cfˆgf :jfy{sf nflu ljZjel/ cft+s dRrfpFb}
lj/f]wdf clnslt sfuh e]nf u/]/ nfU5– s;} n ] s' g } a] n f g] k fnL jif{klxn]sf] tflndsf] k'g/fjnf]sg rflxF, hlt jif{ 9'Ëf| d] f /fv]klg afË} u/]/ cft+sjfbsf] lgd"n{ slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g . Pp6f lag nfb]gsf] xTof eP klg
89fpg] . pgLx?n] To;} u/] . kqsfl/tfsf] z/L/af6 o; k|jl[ QnfO{{ ug{ tflnddf h] gug{ eGg] lgisif{ x'g] of] s's/' sf] k'R5/ 9'Ëf| df /flv/fVg] ;of}F lag nfb]g hlGd/xG5g\ .
lrtjgsf] Pp6f klqsfn] ;dfrf/ ha/h:tL lgsfn]/ kmflnlbof] eg] lgsfNof] ToxL ug]{ kqsf/ ePsf] sfd d}n] lsg u/]sf] xf]nf h:tf]
5fKof] . To;kl5 g]kfnL kqsf/x?n] g]kfnL kqsfl/tf To;}sf] ;lt hfg 7fpFdf cfpFlbg elglbPF . cln kl5 nfU5 . kf]x/;fn o:t} s'/f ubf{ kqsf/ g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ;d'Ggt eljio
Clts /f]zgn] g]kfnLsf] ckdfg tof/ x'g] kf] xf] ls < Pp6f lttf] dx;'; u/]–F o:tf] c8fgdf al;/fVof] tyf kqsfl/tf k|lzIfs o1 zdf{n]
u/]sf] ;dfrf/ k|rf/k|;f/ u/] . clg cg'ejsf cfwf/df d}n] o;f] eg]sf] eg] t g]kfn} 5f8\g' kg]{ /x]5 . To;}n] Pp6f syf ;'gfP . w]/j} 6f sfdsf lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf xfdL g]kfns} xf] .
Clts /f]zgsf] lj/f]w ug{]x?sf] x'F . Clts /f]zg sf08 lrtjgaf6 kqsfl/tf tflnd lbg nflu/x]F . nflu jbgfd Pshgf k"jd{ GqLsf] of]
:ofnsf] x'O{Fof rNof] . Cltsn] km}ng' eGbf !) dlxgf klxn] g]kfn o;sf] s]xL ;dokl5 ef/tsf] Pp6f syf ;fFrf] xf] /] . syf o; k|sf/ 5 M To;}n] xfdLdf ePsf] ckf/
cGt/jftf{ glbFb} g]kfnsf] ckdfg k|; ] OlG:6Ro"6 / g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 klqsfdf b'O{ k]hsf] lj1fkg 5flkof] . plxn] @)#^ ;fnkl5 Pshgf g]= lj=
u/]sf] b]Vg] kqsf/x?n] o:tf] x'OoF{ fsf] lrtjg zfvfn] lrtjgsf] k;f{df b]al]| t/sf] k]hdf Pp6f kmf]6f] lyof] ;+3sf g]tf g]= lj= ;+3sf] k|rf/sf Ifdtfsf] ;b'kof]u u/f}+ .
;dfrf/ k|fyldstfk"j{ k|rf/k|;f/ Ps dlxg] cfwf/e" t kqsfl/tf h;df Pshgf dflg;nfO{{ Pp6f nflu w/fg k'u5 ] g . ltgtfs w/fg
u/] . kqsf/x?n] o;/L rf}af6f]df tflnd rnfPsf lyP . To;df cFWof/f] sf]7df s';L{df a;fOPsf] clvn -clvn g]kfn /fli6«o :jtGq
h'jfsf] 7"nf] vfn v8f ul/lbP h;df ;Kt/Lb] l v gjnk/f;L;Ddsf lyof] . o;sf] cg'xf/df dfq} pHofnf] ljBfyL{ o"lgog_ sf] u9 lyof] .
cg]syl/n] RofFv] yfk] . g]skf - kqsf/x?n] efu lnPsf lyP . d}n] /fd|f; ] uF k/]sf] lyof] . o;sf b'j} xft clvnsf ToxfFsf g]tfx?n] g]= lj=
Pdfn] _ Tolta] n f k| w fgdGqL x:t u'?ª;Fu ldn]/ b'O{ xKtf k|lzIf0f p a;]sf] s';L{df afFlwPsf lyP . Tof] ;+3sf g]tfnfO{{ ToxfFsf ljBfyL{ e]6g\
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf lj?4 vf]O/f] lbPsf] lyPF . cl3Nnf] tflnddf eGbf dflg; 8/fPsf] lyof] . o;sf b'jl} t/ lbPg5g . …h] eGg' 5 xfdLnfO{{ eg,Ú
vGb} lyof] . To;sf g] t fx?n] kl5Nnf] tflnddf cfk"mn] s]xL g s]xL b' O { h gf dflg; plePsf lyP . SofDk;sf] rp/df 3]/fdf kf/]/
lul/hfnfO{{ x6fP/ cfk"m ;Qfdf hfg] gofF s'/f hfg]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] 7fg]/ Pshgfsf] xftdf af] s ] s f] a:t' clvnsf ljBfyL{n] eg]5g .Ú d]/f] s'/f
;kgf b]v] . To;}n,] To;sf g]tfx?n] xfdL h'g tflndsf a]nfdf klg /fd|f];Fu lrlgFb}gYof] . ;'O{ xf] ls ljBfyL{x?nfO{{ eGg lbPgf} . l7s} 5 .
Clts /f]zgn] To;f] eg]s} xf] eg]/ kqsfl/tfsf gofF gofF k':ts k9g] k]:tf]n h:tf] b]lvGYof] . of] lj1fkg d cfk\mgf s'/f oxL rp/nfO{{ ;'gfP/ g] k fn ;/sf/
cfuf]df £o" yk] . pu| /fi6«jfbLx?n] u5f}{F . o:t} Pp6f gofF k':tsdf b] v ] k l5 kqsfl/tf tflnddf hfG5' . Ps lbg oxL rp/df g]= lj=
klg cfkmg} gfy|f] km'6fP/ b]zelSt ;dfrf/df ;To s'/fsf] slt dxTj kqsf/x?nfO{{ of] kmf]6f] b]vfP/ ;f]Wg ;+3 s;f] gpd|n ] f . …To;sf] w]/} jif{kl5 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
k|bz{g ug{ /fd|f] cj;/ kfP . x'bF fx'bF f
g]kfnL sf+u|];s} Pp6f lr/f klg
x'G5 eGg] af/]df cEof; ug{sf nflu
ultnf] pbfx/0f e]l6of] . To;nfO{{
yfn]F– s;n], s;nfO{{, s;/L, lsg,
s] u/]sf] < ;a}n] cf–cfkmgf 1fg /
Ps k6s :jtGq ljBfyL{ o"lgogsf]
r'gfjdf g]= lj= ;+3n] lhTof] . ;"rgf ljefu
lul/hf lj?4sf] o; vfndf RofFv] tflnd ;~rfng ePsf] 7fpF lrtjg cg'ejsf cfwf/df yl/yl/sf hjfkm cfhef]ln lalhg]; :6fG88{sf] Tof]
yfKg k'Uof] . lul/hf lj?4 ;+;bdf -hxfF s'v'/fkfng Psbd} kmi6fPsf] lbG5g hf] o:t} vfnsf x'G5g M • lj1fkg b]vfpFbf d ;f]Rb5' Ps lbg
btf{ ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfjnfO{{ lyof]_ sf ;Gbe{df 9fNof}F . xfdLn] ckx/0fsf/Ln] aGwsnfO{{ k};f rfF8f] g Ps lbg s;f] Tof] s'/f a'emfpg
an k'¥ofpg o;sf g]tfx? nfluk/] . kqsf/x?nfO{{ eGof}F M dflglng';, Nofpg bjfj lbPsf] . • ;]gfn] g;lsPnf < GofofwL; kl5 ;a} eGbf
g]=lj= ;+3sf s]6fx?nfO{{ prfn]/ tkfO{F ;dfrf/ vf]h]/ klqsfsf] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ oftgf lbPsf] . • a9L e"m7f s'/f ;'Gg' kg]{ k]zfdf nfu]/
Clts /f]zgn] eGb} geg]sf] s'/fsf] clkm; k'Ubf ;Dkfbs tkfO{; F uF ad k|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ ;f]wk'5 u/]sf] . klg …dflg;n] eg]sf] s'/f s;/L e"m7f
lj/f]wdf p208 h'n; " lgsfn] / o:tf] ad eP/ a;]sf /x]5g . eP5 s] • dfcf]jfbLn] ;'/IffsdL{nfO{{ dfg{ x'g;S5 /<Ú eGg] ;'wf] :jefj kqsf/n]
gf/f 3GsfP– o;kflnsf] x} h f, eg] lxhf] tkfO{n F ] h'g kz' 8fS6/;Fu cfF6s ] f] . pgLx?n] hjfkm lbO;s]kl5 s;f] gTofUnfg < s;}sf] xfgL gx'g]
lul/hfnfO{{ n}hf . g]kfn aGb eof] . s'/f u/]/ ;dfrf/ n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] lj1fkgsf] csf]{ k]h b]vfpF5' . To;df u/L 9fF l 6lbP/ cg' h fn] g] k fnL
tf]8kmf]8 eof] . uf]nL rNof] . dflg; pgn] tkfO{s F f] ;DkfbsnfO{{ kmf]g u/]/ dfly 7"nf cIf/df n]lvPsf] 5 kqsfl/tfnfO{{ ;'wg| ] df}sf lbPsL 5g .
dfl/P . ;/sf/n] Clts /f]zgsf eg]5g– tkfO{Fsf] ;+jfbbftf lxhf] …ljlhg]; :6fG88{sf] ;+jfbbftf aGg :ofaf; cg'hf .
/fatOfc t]u %@ vfzj} nf; *^)@ 6

ˆ
v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j / o;sf k|efjx?===
(! jif{ku' s ] f k]g/' L z]kf{ cfˆgf] klg pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{{ /dfO{nf] k|bfg
l;h{gfsf y'·f
slxn] cfpnf b]zdf zflGt / ;+ljwfg <
e]ife'iff ;lxt ;]a'| g[To ul//xFbf ;a}n] g'tg >]i7, n'Snf u¥of] . g]kfnsf rlr{t uflosf s'lGt ;ljtf nfdf
pgsf] k|z; + f ul//x]sf lyP . jif{n] ( ul/g . o;cl3 cfof]hssf tkm{af6 Ph]G;L O;f]lzo;g ckm g]kfn -6fg_ dfQmfg, l;Gw' dNn, ufosx? ldªdf ha d ;f]+Rg] u5{' b]zdf zflGt xf]nf, hgtfn] /fxft kfpnf
bzs a9L ePklg pgsf] ;]a'| g[To sl/a $ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] vfg]kfgL ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] v'Da' z]kf{ / /f]h dfQmfgsf] cfjfh;Fu hgtfn] ?rfPsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf]nf, zflGtsf] lbg cfpnf
k|bz{gsf qmddf b]lvPsf] hf]z clg of]hgf laleGg :yfgdf k]z eO{;s]sf] If]qdf ko{6g Aoj;fo / kj{tf/f]x0f /dfPsf pkl:yt bz{sx?nfO{{ l8=h]= ;f]r]sf] lyP qmflGtsf] cfuf] lgE5 xf]nf, b]zdf ljsfz xf]nf
k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmd ePsfn] klg s'/f cfPkl5 dGqL cof{nn] cfufdL ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf t]l~hËn] grfP . ;fFlults sfo{qmddf t/… cfzf s]jn lg/fzfdf kl/0ft x'Fbf, lwSsfg k'U5'
;a}sf] Wofg z]kf{ k|lt s]lGb|t lyof] . ah]6df of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ;d]t ul/of] . a}zfv !# ut] n'Snfdf uLtsf] /dfO{nf];uF } dgf]h uh'/n ] sf] cfkm}nfO{{ clg b]zsf cle>fk ag]sf g]tfx?nfO{{ ÛÛ
z]kf{nfO{{ of] cj;/ v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j lglb{i6 x'g] u/L ah]6 lalgof]hg ug{] g} cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cGt/lqmofn] klg xf:oAoËn] n'SnfnfO{{ a]:;/L x;fof] . d'No j[l4n] cfsfz r'd]sf] 5, klxnfsf] ;"gsf] efpdf clxn] g"g 5
@)!! n] k|bfg u¥of] . a}zfv ( ut]af6 tkm{ ; Sbf] kxn ug{ ] cfZjf;g v'Da' If]qsf] ko{6gsf ljifodf w]/} s'/f o;/L ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy rn]sf] xfd|f g]tfnfO{{ ;Qf kfP k'U5 eQf krfpgnfO{,{ u/Ljsf] j]jf:tf u5{g
z'? ePsf] dxf]T;jsf] klxnf] lbg g} n'Snfaf;LnfO{{ lbO{g . aflx/ Nofof] . laif]ztM ko{6gsf] jt{dfg dxf]T;jsf af/]df a'‰bf :yflgo ls/fFt ltg} u/Ljn] lt/]sf] /fhZjdf n'5fr'8+ L ub}{ s';L{sf] nflu xfgyfk u5{g
z]kf{ ;lxt cGo w]/} z]kf{ ;d"xn] …;+ / If0f / lbuf] ;fd' b flos cj:yf, ljZjahf/df a9L /x]sf] ;d'bfosf k'vf{ klQaxfb'/ s'nË' n] t/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg agfpg] s'/fdf df}g wf/0f u5{g
k|ltof]lutfTds tyf ck|ltof]uL :ofa|' lasf;sf nflu ko{6gÚ eGg] d'n d+xufO{n] ko{6gdf kf/]sf] c;/, dxf]T;jnfO{{ ;du|df /fd|} dfg]sf] atfP . lwSsf/ 5 ltdLx?nfO{{, hf] ul/jsf] kl;gfdf kf}l8 v]Ng ?rfpg] u5{ ÛÛ
g[To k|:t't u/] . k]g/' L em} cfËkf;fª gf/f;lxt z'? ePsf] ko{6g dxf]T;jsf] ko{6sLo If]qdf vf]lnPsf ljleGg pgn] eg] …v'Da' If]qdf klxnf] k6s slxn] cfpnf gofF ;+ljwfg / lbuf] zflGt eg]/ hgtf Aou| k|ltIffdf 5g
z]kf{ -*)_ / cfªl/~hL z]kf{ -&%_ klg pb\3f6g ;qnfO{{ g} ;Daf]wg ub}{ Aoj;fosf] cj:yf, ko{6g dhb'/, gofF cfof]lht dxf]T;jsf s]xL sdhf]/L g]tfx? rfxLF kfnf] km]/L 3'dfO{ lkm/fO{ ;Qfdf hfg] l/n] bfp ldnfpg Jo:t 5g
csf{] cfsif{0fsf] laGb' ag] . k|fo z]kf{ ;ef;b\ nSsL z]kf{n] v'Da' If]q tyf ko{6sLo If]qsf] vf]lhsf ljifo /x]klg hfthfltsf] klxrfg emNsfpg s;}nfO{{ ;ef;b\sf] eQfn] gk'u/] /ftf] kf;kf]6s{ f] b'?kof]u u/]/ sdfpg] ub{5g
o'jflar nf]k x'g yfln;s]sf] k/Dk/fut ko{6gsf] lasf;df ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0f cGt/lqmofdf dxTjsf] ljifo aGof] . d4t k'us ] f] 5 .Ú ;u/dfyfsf] sfv t/===;Ddfg ug{' kb{5 xfdLn] hf] cg'hf hl:t c;n rl/q ePsL gf/LnfO{
:ofa|' g[TonfO{{ hf]ufpg tL a[4a[4fx?n] gk'us ] f] eGb} cfqmf]z JoSt ul/g . To:t} hnjfo" kl/jt{gn] lxdfnL If]qdf n'Snfdf z]kf{x?sf] afx'Notf a9L /x]klg lwSsf/ 5, ltdL JjfF;fx?nfO{{ h;n] b]zsf] abgfd u/L b]zsf] O{Hht kmfNg]nfO{{ ÛÛ
o'jfx?sf] ;fy lbO{/x]sf x'g . z]kf{n] ko{No:6gsf] lasf;sf nflu kfl//x]sf] c;/ / o;sf] k|efjn] dfgj ls/fFtx?nfO{{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg' /fd|f] xfn– kmjf{lgof, s'jt]
:yflgo ;d'bfosf] ;lqmotf ct'ngLo ;d'bfodf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] Ifltsf ljifodf
z]kf{ hfltsf] klxrfg emNsfpg] of]
g[To x]l//x]sL :yflgo lasf; dGqL
pld{nf cof{n klg b+u b]lvlGyg . v'Da'
ePsf] eGb} lxdfnL lhNnfsf] lasf;sf
nflu /fHon] 7f]; sbd rfNg' kg]d{ f
w]/} rrf{ eP .
g] k fn kj{ t f/f] x 0f ;+ 3 sf
kIf xf],– /fO{sf] egfO{ lyof] . To:t}
dxf]T;jdf ;xeflu kGtL z]kf{n] klg
dxf]T;jn] s]xLnfO{{ /f]huf/L lbPsf]
uhn
ko{g dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf k|dv ' pgsf] hf]8 lyof] . To:t} csf{ ;ef;b\ e'tk"jc { WoIf cfË l5l/Ë z]kf{n] hnjfo" atfO{g . ;du|df ;+:s[ltsf] hu{g] fdf b]z xfd|f] sfxfF hfb} 5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
cltlysf] ?kdf cfPsL dGqL cof{nn] cfªbfjf z]kf{n] klg v'Da' If]qdf kl/jt{gsf] k|ToIf c;/ g]kfn / of] dxf]T;j ;kmn ePsf] z]kf{nfO{{ nfu]sf] xfd|f clwsf/ s;n] vf]:of] xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
z]kf{ hfltsf] dfq} x}g :yflgo:t/df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? s]nfpFb} ;dfwfgsf g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]qnfO{{ kl//x]sf] atfP . 5.
a;f]af; ug]{ ls/fFt tyf tfdfË hfltsf] nflu ;a} kIf ;lqmo x'gk' g{] atfO{g . pgn] s]xL jif{cl3sf] ;f]nv ' D' a' If]qdf t/ dxf]T;j x]gc { fPsf s]xLn] eg] lbPsf 5f} s/ /fHonfO{ lgefsf 5f} st{Ao gL
laleGg k|:t'ltaf6 klg dVv k/]sf] ;u/dfyf /fli6« o lgs' ~ h, /x]sf lxdfnx?sf] cj:yf / jt{dfg dxf]T;jsf] k|rf/ hlt eAo ?kdf b]zsf] 9's'6L s;n] ;f]¥of] xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
atfO{g . pb\3f6g ;qsf] cj;/df z]kf{, rf} / Lvs{ d Wojlt{ If] q pkef] Q mf cj:yfsf] km/s cf}NofpFb} o:t} cj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] To;cg';f/ Aoj:yfkg 3'; b]zsf] SoG;/ g} xf] lbg] vfg] ;a} bf]zL
tfdfË / ls/fFt hfltsf] ;+:s[lt emNsg] ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ;+rfng ePsf] ;[h
[ gf eO{/xg] xf] eg] ;'gfdLn] ug{] eGbf gePsf] eGb} u'gf;f] klg u/] . dxf]T;jn] sfo{jfxL lsg x'Gg st} xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
k/Dk/fut g[Tosf ;fydf emfFsL ;d]t dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g kZrft lgoldt 7"nf] lagfz g]kfnsf lxdfnL e]udf a:g] Pp6f kIfnfO{{ dfq} x}g ;du| lhNnfsf] /fHon] gL lrGg'k5{ cfk\mgf] sfd / st{AonfO{
k|:t't ePsf lyP . sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng x'bF } uP . To; dflg;x?n] ef]Ug' kg]{ s'/f cf}NofP . tyf laif]ztM v'Da' If]qsf] klxrfgnfO{{ hgtfsf] nfuL s] ub}{ 5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
ljZjs} rlr{t dflgPsf] ;f]nv ' D' a'sf] qmddf dxf]T;jsf] cfsif{0f s] xf]nf z]kf{n] eg]–…lxdfnL If]qdf /x]sf a9L kl/lrt u/fpg] lqmofsnfk
v'Da' If]qdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] o; eGg] ;a}nfO{{ nfUof] clg t]l~hË–lxnf/L lxdgbLsf] cfsf/ lbgk|ltlbg a9L/x]sf] ug{;Sg' kYof{] To:tf] gePsf] s'/fx? u/Lj clg lgd'vfnfO{ k/Ljt{gsf] cfef; lbg'k5{
dxf]T;jn] Pp6f 5'§} klxrfg / dxTj ladfg:yn, n'Snf glhss}sf] rp/df 5, olb of] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg tTsfn dxf]T;jsf] qmddf rn] . ko{6sLo zflGt ;+ljwfg slxn] x'G5 xfdLn] yfxf kfpg'k5{
af]ss] f] eP/ klg xf]nf v'Da' If]qdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] dxf]T;jsf] :6n vf]lhPg eg] hfkfgdf ;'gfdLn] h;/L df};dsf a]nf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] of] /f] z g
/x] s f hfthfltsf] ;xeflutf tkm{le8 tflgof] . dxf]T;jdf # j6f lagfz u/]sf] 5 To:t} lagfz g]kfndf dxf]T;jdf afXo ko{6s tyf tNnf]
dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g x'ge' Gbf cufl8b]lv 5'§f5'§} :6nx? /x]sf lyP, h;df z]kf{, klg gxf]nf eGg ;lsGg .Ú e]usf uflj; Pj+ l5d]sL lhNnfsf
g} ;lqmo ?kdf /Xof] . a}zfv ( ut]
laxfg sf7df8f}aF f6 n'Snf cf]ln{Psf
ls/fFt / tfdfË hfltn] cfˆgf]
klxrfgsf laleGg kl/sf/x? ;hfP/
* 306feGbf a9L rn] s f]
cGt/lqmofdf ko{6g / kj{tf/f]x0fsf
dflg;x?sf] ;xeflutf sd} /x]sf] lyof] .
dflyNnf] # uflj; rf}/Lvs{ gfDr] /
wGo af“lrof] dGqLHo"
afXo tyf cfGt/Ls ko{6sx?nfO{{ /fv]sf lyP . ToxfF z]kf{ hfltsf w]/} s'/fx? cfP t/ To;nfO{{ ;du|df v'Dh'Ë uflj;nfO{{ kl/lrt u/fpg] v'Da' lbgfgfy >] i 7
:jfut ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]hs, tkm{af6 nfFnL u'/fFz dlxnf hfu/0f s;/L k|:t't ug{] eGg] lgrf]8 eg] If]qsf] gfdn] d+xufO{sf] klg kl/ro d ;fg} lyPF . s'g rflxF dGqL xf] sL k|wfgdGqLn] xf] …kz'ktL cfo{3f6df
:yflgo hfthfltsf ljleGg emfFsL, ;d"x rf}/Lvs{ $ d';] / af}4 dlxnf lg:sg ;s]g . ko{6g dGqfnosf lbg] ePsfn] cGo dflg;x?sf] nfz hnfpgsf] nfuL cTofw'lgs pks/0fsf] Aoa:yf u5{Ú eg]/ k'ms]y] .
dx]Gb|Hof]lt pRr dflj, :yflgo ;d'bfon] hfu/0f ;d"x rf}/Lvs{ @ n] ;+oS' t pk;lrj sdn e§/fO{, dGqfnosf cGo ;xeflutf sd /x]sf] egfO{ n'Snfdf tL dGqL sL k|wfgdGqL b"/bzL{ /x]5g . pgnfO{{ @$ 306f dWo] @@÷@#
!) j6feGbf a9L xjfO{hxfhaf6 ?kdf :6n v8f u/]sf lyP eg] kbflwsf/L, ko{6g tyf kj{tf/f]x0f;Fu laut @ jif{ b ] l v a;f] a f; ub} { 306f nf]8;]l8Ë x'G5 eg]/ klxNo} yfxf /x]5 . To;}n] t af]n] dfq, s]xL
;u/dfyf If]q e|d0fsf nflu cfPsf ls/fFtx?sf tkm{af6 v'Da' ls/fFt /fO{ ;DalGw ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, cfpg'ePsf /fdaxfb'/ s6'jfnsf] 5 . u/]gg . tL dGqL÷k|wfgdGqL zfnLg /x]5g / alrof] . s'g} ;lGs dGqL
ko{6sx?nfO{{ vfbf nufP/ :jfut pTyfg ;dfh, n'Snfn] k|ltlglwTj ko{6g Aoj;foL, ko{6g dhb'/sf s]Gb|Lo pgL eG5g …dxf]T;jsf] ;xeflutf / eOlbPsf] eP, ˆof§ pks/0f hf]l8xfNy], clg < nfzx?sf] nfO{{g otfkl§
u/]sf lyP . ko{6sx?sf] :jfut u/]sf] lyof] . tfdfË hfltsf] :6nsf] k|ltlglw nufot :yflgosf] pkl:ylt To;df /x]sf :6nx? cln sd klg sf]6Z] j/ ptfkl§ uf]Ëa' k'UYof] . …d klxnf cfÚsf]Ú eg]/ nfzx?sf] ;w}+ s'tf{
kZrft ljleGg hflthfltsf] emfFsL tyf lhDd]jf/L tfdfË ˆofk'mNnf ;dfhsf] /x]sf] ;f] cGt/lqmofn] lgsfn]sf ljleGg eof] . dxf]T;jdf cem} ljleGg s'/fx? s':tL kYof{] . Tof] ?6df af6f] v'nfpg 6«lkmsnfO{{ ;w}+ xDd] xDd] kYof{] . 9'Ëf
ljBfnox?sf] ¥ofNnLn] n'Snf ahf/ /Xof] . ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg s;/L xf]nf ;a}sf] c6fpg ;lsGYof], h;n] :yflgo xfGg], 6fo/ afNg], /]lnË efFRg] sfddf nfzˆx?lar k|lt:kwf{ x'GYof] .
kl/qmdf u¥of] . :6ndf z]kf{ hfltsf tkm{af6 cfn' kvf{Os { f] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . ;xeflutf cem a9L xf];\ .Ú 6]lnlehg Rofgnx?n] …nfO{e { Ú k|zf/0f uy],{ Pkm Pdx?n] 3G6} lkR5] em8ksf]
pb\3f6g ;qsf qmddf :yflgo /f]6L, l/Nbf]s, :ofSkf, tf]xf], dMdM cfof]hssf tkm{af6 6fgsf k|yd o;/L ljleGg JolStx?sf] cfˆg} af/]df km'ls/xGy], klqsfx?n] x]8nfO{g{ n]Vy], …kmnfgf kmnfgf kf6L{sf …nfz
lasf; dGqL pld{nf cof{n s]xL a]/ nufotsf kl/sf/, ls/fFtsf tkm{af6 pkfWoIf aRr'gf/fo0f >]i7n] jt{dfg egfO{ / cfof]hssf] lg/Gt/ v6fO{;uF } eft[ ;+u7gÚ lar ePsf] bf]xf]/f] em8ksf sf/0f sf]6]Zj/ b]vL uf]Ëa'
cfsif{0fsf] kf6f] aGg'eof], sf/0f dGqLsf] l9F8f], RofVnf, l;:g', u'Gb|s
' sf] crf/ cj:yfdf g]kfndf u'0f:t/lxg ko{6g v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;j @)!! sf] ;kmn ;Ddsf] If]q tgfau|:t .Ú clg, s–s;n] s] s] uy{ < – blnt, hghflt,
n'Snf cfudg / o;n] kfg]{ k|efj s] tyf tfdfËsf tkm{af6 ;]n/f]6L, k'mnf}/f, Aoj;fo ;+rfng eO{/x]sf] atfP . pgn] ?kdf ;dfkg eof] . of] dxf]T;jn] dlxnf, pTkLl8t, l;dfGts[t ju{sf] nfz hnfpg cf/If0f k|bfg ug{sf]
x'G5 eGg] dxf]T;jdf pkl:yt ;a}nfO{{ afa/] /f] 6 L nufotsf kl/sf/ eg] – …ko{6g Aoj;fodf clxn] c:j:Yo ko{6gsf] If]qdf v'Da' If]qnfO{{ cem nfuL Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] …d'lQmÚ cfGbf]ng u¥of] . – …vgfn kIfsf]
nflu /x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] xf]nf dGqL dxf]T;jsf ko{6sx?nfO{{ rvfO{Psf] d'Nosf] k|lt:kwf{ ePsfn] g]kfndf a9L cuf8L a9fpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5 . nfznfO{{ k|fyldstf lbg] sL cf]nL kIfsf] nfO{{Ú eGg] laifodf Pdfn]df rsf]{
cof{nn] klg dxf]T;jsf] pb\3f6g ;qdf lyof] . To:t} dxf]T;jsf] csf]{ cfs{if0f ;f]rh ] :tf] ko{6g Aoj;fo kmi6fpg t/ of] k|of; dxf]T;jdf g} l;ldt dte]b x'GYof] . …o'jfx?sf] nfznfO{{ k|fyldst lbg'k5{ eGg] laifodf sfFu; ]| sf
af]Ng} ;a} aQmfsf] egfO{ l6kf]6 ul/g . aGof] laleGg ;fF:s[lts sfo{qmd, ;s]sf] 5}g .Ú pgn] yk] – b]ze/sf] /fVg] xf] sL elaiodf o;sf] d'NofÍg g]tfx?n] rsf]{ bafa ;fdgf ug{'kYof{] . – dw]zafbL bnx?n] ;/sf/df
ToxL l6kf]6sf cfwf/df pgn] ko{6sLo ljBfno:t/Lo jSt[ T jsnf, ko{ 6 g If] q df b] l vPsf lalaw ub}{ gofF / cem cfs{ifs sfo{qmd ;xefuL x'g' c3L zt{/fVy], …dw];Lsf] nfz hnfpg k|fyldstf lbO{g'k5{ .Ú
ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpg cfˆgf] tkm{af6 xfhLl/hjfkm, nf]s g[To, /fli6«o lae'lt ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg u/L ;lx ;Daf]wg ;+rfng ug]{ eGg] cfof]hs / v'Da' – dlxnf ;+u7gx?sf] dfu x'GYof], …dlxnf cfwf cfsfz ePsf]n] dlxnfx?sf]
;Sbf] k|of; ug{] k|lta4tf hgfO{g . kf;fË Nxfd" z]kf{ :d[lt lhNnf:t/Lo / ;dwfgsf nflu ko{6g If]qsf ljleGg If]qdf /x]sf ljleGg kIfsf] xftdf 5 . nfz hnfpg ##% xf]Og{ %)% cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf x'gk' 5{ .Ú – ljBfyL{x?sf]
ljZjs} dxTjk'0f{dflgPsf] ;u/dfyf v'Nnf elnan k|ltof]lutf . oL ljleGg ;+ 3 ;+ : yfn] k| o f; u/] t f klg dxf] T ;jn] afXo tyf cfGtl/s dfu x'GYof], …ljBfyL{sf] nfz hnfpgsf] nfuL kl/ro kqsf] cfw/df %)%
/x]sf] v'Da' If]q cfpg] cj;/ ko{g k|ltof]lutfdf klg pkl:yt bz{sx?n] :yflgo:t/sf dflg;x? ;lqmo ePgg . ko{6snfO{{ k"0f{?kdf ;d]6g g;s]tf z'Ns s6f}tL ug'{k5{ .Ú clg a'9fa'9Lsf] vlNtdf klg ljBfyL{ kl/rokq
dxf]T;jn] k|bfg u/]sf]df v'lz AoSt ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfP . o;/L cf/f]k, ;d:ofsf] klxrfg, klg cfufdL lbgdf o:tf q'6LnfO{{ e]l6GYof] . – ;/sf/n] jif{df !& k6s k'mSYof], …yd{ KnfG6sf] Joj:yf u/L
ub}{ dGqL cof{nn] n'Snfdf 68\sf/f] g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ko{6g cfO{k/]sf] sl7gfO{sf] l6kf]6 To; kG5fpFb} sfo{cl3 a9fpg ;lsPdf nfznfO{{ oyflz3| l56f] hnfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .Ú – r'gfa cl3 /fhg}lts
;d:ofsf ?kdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL tyf jif{ ;g @)!! nfO{{ ;xof]u ug{] p2]Zon] cGt/lqmofn] * 306f nufP/ u¥of] . ;a}sf] ;fy / ;xof]uaf6 ko{6g bnx?sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf n]lvGYof], …nfznfO{{ btf{ ePsf] ldtLn] Ps dlxgf
9n lgsf;sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfof]lht v'Da' ko{6g dxf]T;jnfO{{ cem & lbg;Dd ;+rflnt dxf]T;jsf] nufot :yflgo ;d'bfosf] a[l4 leq} hnfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .Ú – ;a}sf] Wofg nfznfO{{ s;/L l56f] eGbf
Soflag]6df s'/f p7fpg] hf]8bf/ efif0f k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu 6«]lsË qmddf cfof]lht v'Da' ;fFlults ;fFemn] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'Ug] b]lvG5 . l56f] hnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] laifodf s]lGb|t x'GYof] t/ nf]8;]l8Ë 36fpg]
laifodf ;a} r'k . kf7s ldq of] kl9;s]kl5 tkfO{+ klg kSs} eGg'x'g]5,

sf]l/of uP/ wg sdfpg] ;kgf

sf7df8fF} . k|lzIffyL{ sfdbf/ o'jf k':tfn] ;/sf/n] g} j}b]lzs klg Joj;fo ug{;lsG5 lg eGg] ePsfn] efiff k/LIff clgjfo{ ul/Psf]
…wGo dGqLHo", s]lx u/]gf} Û alrof] .Ú

rf}/Lsf] /utaf6 @^ nfv cfDbfgL

d':tfª . wf}nflul/ rf}/L kfns /ut lgsflnPsf] lyof] . pRr lxdfnL
k|0ffnLdf o; jif{ blIf0f sf]l/of hfg /f]huf/sf nflu sd vr{df sf]l/of lgisif{sf ;fy cfj]bg kmf/fd eg{ 5 . g]kfnn] ;g\ @))* sf] cui6 !! s[ifs ;d'xn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] rf}/Lsf] If]qdf kfO{g] of;f{u'Djf, lg/d;L,
rfxfg] em08} %* xhf/ o'jfx?n] k7fpg z'? u/]kl5 To;}nfO{{ cfs{ifs cfPsfx? atfpF5g . sd vr{df /fd|f] b]lv O{kLO; cGtu{t sf]l/ofdf sfdbf/ cfnf] /ut lkpg] d]nfaf6 sl/a @^ kfFrcf}n] / h6fd;L h:tf hl8a'6Lx?
clGtd lbg laxLaf/;Dd cfj]bg tyf ;'/lIft uGtJo dfGg yfn]sf sdfO{ ug{;lsg] d'ns ' hfg kfO{G5 eg] k7fpg yfn]sf] xf] . sf]l/ofn] d'VotM nfv eGbf al9 cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . vfP/ afFrs ] f rf}/LufO{sf] cfnf] /ut
kmf/d e/]sf 5g . blIf0f sf]l/of uP/ 5g . sf]l/of ;/sf/n] lng] efiff lsg ghfg] eGg] nfu]/ cfj]bg lbg df5f kfng, lgdf{0f, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg, ut % ut] b]lv z'? ePsf] d]nf lkpg d':tfª, DofUbL, sf7df8fF,} lrtjg,
dgUo] wg sdfpg] dL7f] ;kgf af]ss ] f k/LIffdf ptL{0f eO{ sf]l/og sDklgaf6 cfPsf] pgLx?sf] syg 5 . cfj]bg s[lif / ;]jf If]qdf g]kfnL sfdbf/ dfu d+unaf/ ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . d]nfdf sf:sL, jfUn'ª kj{t, ;f]nv' D' j' nufotsf
xhf/f}+ o'jfx?n] 306f}+ rsf]{ 3fddf le;f tyf aLdf ePsf] k|df0fkq lbg] o'jfo'jtLx? pRr lzIff cWoog u5{ . o;cl3 klxnf] / bf];f| ] u/L @ ls;fgsf !$ uf]7sf rf}/L NofOPsf] 7fpFaf6 lj/fdLx? cfPsf lyP . ;8s
nfO{g a;]/ vnvnL kl;gf aufpFb} ;L;LeLcfO{ k|fKt ePdf sl/a ^) u/]sfx? g} a9L 5g . n]vk9 / O{nd k6s efiff k/LIff eO;s]sf] 5 . lyof] . Ps lunf; rf}/Lsf] cfnf] /utsf] / xjfO{ dfu{ x'bF } /ut lkpgsf nflu
cfj]bg e/] . sf7df8f}s + f] tLgj6f / b]vL ^% xhf/ g]kfnL ?k}o+ f vr{u/L ePklg b]zleq /f]huf/Lsf] /fd|f] o;af6 em08} * xhf/ g]kfnL o'jf ! ;o ?k}ofdf laqmL ul/Psf] lyof] . sf7df8f}F, lrtjg, kf]v/f, DofUbL
a'6jnsf] Pp6f s]Gb|af6 rf/ lbgdf sf]l/of hfg kfpg] / ToxfF k'uk] l5 ;Defjgf 5}g eGg] oyfy{ o;n] k'i6L sf]l/of uO;s]sf 5g . sf]l/ofn] o;jif{ k|To]s jif{ of]hgf ug]{ ul/Psf] o:tf] nufotsf If]qaf6 cfpg] lj/fdLsf]
%& xhf/ ^ ;o %@ hgfn] cfj]bg dfl;s &) xhf/b]lv ! nfv;Dd u5{ . sf]l/ofn] cfˆgf] d'ns ' df dfu & xhf/ ! ;o g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] dfu dxf]T;adf sl/j !$ nfvsf] cfnf] ;+Vof ljutsf jif{ eGbf a9\b} hfg
e/]sf O{kLO; zfvfn] hgfPsf] 5 . sdfpg ;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 . cg';f/ sfdbf/ gkfPkl5 ;ft jif{cl3 u/]sf] 5 . sf]l/ofdf g]kfnL sfdbf/n] /ut, sl/a % nfvsf] df;' / sl/a & yfn]sf] rf}/L kfns s[ifsx?n] atfPsf
a9\bf] /fhgLlts cl:y/tf ;+u} a9]sf] g]kfndf /fd|f] /f]huf/Lsf] s'g} ;g\ @))$ af6 g]kfn nufot ljleGg d]xgtL / O{dfGbf/sf] ?kdf ;d]t nfvsf] cGo Jofkf/ ePsf] atfOPsf] 5g . Uofi6Ls nufotsf /f]ux? lgsf]
a] / f] h uf/L ;d:of tyf vf8L ;+efjgf gb]vk] l5 cflv/ h;/L klg !% j6f d'ns ' af6 sfdbf/ lng yfn]sf] kl/ro a6'Ng ;kmn ePsf 5g . efiff 5 . ut jif{sl/a !( nfv ls;fgx?n] x'g] /ut lkpg dlxnf, ;fgf;fg
nufotsf cGo d'n'sdf ;'/lIft k};f g} sdfpg] xf], k|z:t k};f sdfpg xf] . sf]l/ofnL efiff hfg]sf] JolStnfO{{ k/LIffsf] lnlvt k/LIff cfpFbf] ;fpg cfDbfgL u/]sf lyP . & ;o eGbf al9 afnaflnsf b]lv a[4a[4f;Dd cfpg]
/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ gkfP/ cfxt ag]sf ;lsof] eg] t g]kfnd} cfP/ klg s'g} dfq sf]l/ofn] sfdbf/sf] ?kdf lng] ^ / & df x'g5 ] . rf}/L dWo] sl/a % ;o rf}/Lsf] cfnf] u/]sf 5g .
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u/]bl] v g} lgudsf] cwf]ult ;'? ePsf] ko{6gdGqL /fjn . hxfh ef8fdf klg Tolt /fd|f] ;+:sf/ xf]Og, oBlk
eGgf;fy ;+:yfkg kIfsf g]tfx?sf] if8\oGq xf] eGb} efFhf] xfNg vf]Hg] log} cf]nL x'g\ . …k"mnsf] cfFvfdf k"mn} ;+;f/Ú
xf] . zfg]jflg;Fu hDdf rf/j6f h]6 lnFbf clgoldttf ePsf] 7x/ ub}{ To;sf jf:tljstfx¿ yfxf gkfO{
dfq gfd cufl8 cfpF5Ú gfd pNn]v eg]em}F hf] if8oGqsf/L 5 o;n] hlxn] hltv]/ klg if8\oGq dfq} b]V5 . .
ljdfg lyP, b' O { j 6f a] l rof] . ;fj{hlgs n]vf ;ldltn] /fjnlj?4 l6Kk0fL ul/xfNg' x' F b } g . sf] x L
gug{] ;t{df cf]nL lgs6sf Ps ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] . dfcf]jfbL klxnf] bn ag]/ b]vfof] . Tof] a]nf klg –
b'lgofFe/sf] cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf], k};f sf/afxL cufl8 a9fPkl5 l;Ëf] /fhLgfdf lbg] / sf]xL ;ky u|x0f
s]Gb|Lo ;b:on] eg]– …xfdL klg o'jf of] ;a if8\oGq u/]/ lht]sf] ;L6 xf] eGb} log} cf]nL ulh{P . dfcf]jfbLn] kfn'ª6f/
sdfO/x]sf] ljdfg laqmL ug]{ lg0f{odf Pdfn] ljjfbdf tflgof] . ljjfb gug]{ s'/fn] kf6L{leqsf ljleGg vfn]
xf}F eg]/ sfpG6/ lbg ;d"x u7gsf] a}7saf6 hgljb|fx] sf] nfOg kf; u¥of] . Tof]an ] f t emg\ w/tL g} efl;g] u/L ;f/f
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tof/Ldf 5f}F .Ú g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xn] hutnfO{{ ;'gfP cf]nLn]– b]Vof} dfcf]jfbL clxn];Dd lsg cfPsf] /x]5 < zflGt;Demf}tf
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Pdfn]sf o'jf g]tf eGgf;fy vgfn if8\oGq /x]5, cflv/df ca if8\oGq u/]/} ;Qf sAhf ug]{ gLlt kf; u/] . clxn]
cfk"m;Fu ePsf hxfh laqmL u/]/ lbP . ;/sf/n] lgudnfO{{ slQ klg hgflwsf/ kmf] / dnfO{ jt{ d fg
kIfsf g]tfx?sf] gfd dfq cufl8 cfdgful/s zflGt / ;+ljwfg rfxG5g\ . dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] hgljb|fx] sf]
r'k nfu]g . gofF hxfh rflxof] eg]/ /sd lbPsf] 5}g . a? yl/yl/sf ;/sf/df s'g} klg xfntdf ;xefuL
cfpg u/]sf] eGb} g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xn] nfOgnfO{{ kl5 ws]n/] zflGt / ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . t/, oL cf]nL
lsGg] of]hgf aGof] . a]r]/ cfPsf] zf;sn] yl/yl/sf axfgf agfP/ x'g glbO{ dw];sf] d'2fdf ;/sf/nfO{
kf6L{sf o'jf sfo{stf{ tyf ;+u7gdf km]l/ klg if8\oGq xf] eGb} s'ln{/x]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] rfxgf dfcf]jfbLs} k|dv '
sldzgn] k'ug] , To;}n] gofF hxfh n'l6/x]sf 5g\ . cfkm"n] e|i6frf/ u/]/ PSnfpg] k|of; x'Fb} lyP . ;/sf/df
ks8 a9fpg klg ;d"x u7g ug{k' g]{ dfu xf] . oxL dfu k"/f x'g g;Sbf b'O{ k6s jftf{ eË ePsf lyP . To;aLr
lsGg] cEof; ;'? eof] . klxn] hxfh gk'u]/ dGqLx?n] cfkmGtx?nfO{{ klg hfg] lg0f{o ul/;s]kl5 klg kmf]/dsf
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g} lsGg] elgof], kl5 ef8fdf NofP/ g]jflgsf] 5fnfdf /hfO ug{ nufPsf h]kL u'Ktf v'n/] } To;sf] lj/f]wdf pq] .
3gZofd e'iffn, k|sfz Hjfnf, 7fs'/ dfcf]jfbLl;t zflGt;Demf}tf eof] . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] . b]zaf6 /fhtGq
rnfpg yflnof] . Tolta] n f 5g\ . Joj:yf / dGqL km]l/gf ;fy cflv/ l9n} eP klg kmf]/d klg
u}/]nufotsf g]tfx?sf] dfq gfd a9fl/of] . To;}n] :yflkt ;+ljwfg;efsf] dfof kSs} klg sDtL 5}g dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ .
zfg]jflgsf cfˆg} b'O{j6f / ef8fsf] df]h ug]{ rng slxNo} 36]g . slxn] ;/sf/df ;xefuL eO5f8\of] . pmleq
lnOg] u/]sf] pgLx?sf] egfO 5 . cfˆg} dfu / ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|dv ' bn ePsfn] of] hf]ufpg] k|dv ' bfloTj klg
Pp6f ljdfgn] p8fg el//x]sf lyP . ljdfg lsGg eg]/ e|i6frf/ eof], klg cGt/snx a9\g ;S5g\ . t/,
k"0f{cfsf/ lnOg;s]sf] ;d"xdf z+s/ o;}sf] xf] . clxn] hgtf zflGt / u0ftflGqs ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf 5g\ . g t b]zdf
t/ ;/sf/n] cfsl:ds lg0f{o u¥of], slxn] ljdfg a]Rg] eg]/ e|i6frf/ 7"nf kf6L{df h:t} ljjfbx¿ r/d\
kf]v/]n, efg'eSt 9sfn, huGgfy tTsfn} hgljb|fx] jf cGo s'g} ljb|fx] sf] gfddf hgtf csf]{ /Stkftk"0f{ cfGbf]ngdf
hxfh csf]{ klg rflxof] . yk lg0f{o eof], slxn] ef8fdf lng] eg]/ cj:yfdf k'luxfNg] ;Defjgf sd 5 .
vltj8fnufotsf g]tfx? /xg]5 . hfg tof/ 5g\ . g t dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm}n F ] hGdfP/, x'sf{pbF } NofPsf] ;+ljwfg;ef
eof] , cli6« o fsf] nfp8f Po/ e|i6frf/ eof] . ca g]jflg g hxfh o;/L lgisif{df eGg] xf] eg] ;a}
o;sf nflu g]kfn–cf]nL ;d"xsf TofUg] cj:yf{ 5 . lsgeg] o;n] a'em]sf] 5– hgtf /Stkftk"0f{ lab|fx] sf kIfdf
sDkgL;Fu ljdfg ef8fdf lng] . lsGg ;S5, g ef8fdf lng ;S5 . kf6L{df cGt/;+3if{ / w|'jLs/0fx¿
g]tfx?aLr ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmn 5}gg\ . olb p clxn]sf] cj:yfaf6 x6]/ lxF8o\ f] eg] ;+ljwfg;ef aRb}g . km]l/
@)%& ;fn c;f]h !^ ut] ko{6g g]jflg ;]nfO;Sof], t/ e|i6frf/Lx? tLj|tfsf ;fy a9\b}5g\ . cfGtl/s
eO/x]sf] 5 . of] ;d"xdf ;+:yfkgaf6 k|ltufdLx? :yflkt x'g ;S5g\ . To;f] x'g' eg]sf] klxnf] 3f6f klg dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ g}
dGqfnodf a;]sf] tTsfnLg zfg]jflg ;]nfPsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] clxn] Ol~hg w|'jLs/0fsf d'Vo d'2fx¿ x'g\– -s_
c;Gt'i6 eO{ aflxl/Psf o'jfx?nfO{{ xf] . To;sf] k|dv ' lhDd]jf/ klg hgtfn] dfcf]jfbL g} 7fGg] 5g\ . To;}n] hgtfsf]
;~rfns ;ldltsf] a}7sn] nfp8f dd{tsf gfddf e|i6frf/ x'g yfn]sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn
klg ;d]6g] tof/L eO/x]sf] atfOPsf] rfxgfcg';f/sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg dfcf]jfbL ;+slNkt eP/ nfUg' g} dfcf]jfbL kf6L{,
Po/af6 ljdfg ef8fdf lng] lg0f{o 5 . o:tf] lbg klg cfpg] 5 , PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{
5 . vgfn g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/ agfpg /fi6« / hgtfsf] kIfdf 5 . oxL a'em]/ cGttM dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] zflGt /
u¥of] . zfg]jflg;Fu tLgj6f hxfh g]jflgsf hxfhsf sjf8Ldf klg jf gug]{ < csf]{ zAbdf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{
;lqmotfsf ;fy nfu]sf Pdfn]sf ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . of] k|:tfj cTolws ax'dtsf cfwf/df :jLsfo{
rfn' eO/x] s } a] n f ljgfof] h gf e|i6frf/ x'g]5 . k~rfotsf] x's'dL /fli6«o d"nwf/af6 hah{:t afO{kf;
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nfp8fsf] ljdfg lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o zf;g xf];\ of ax'bnkl5 . of t ug]{ jf gug]{ < ;f/df eGg] xf] eg]
ePsf 5g\ eg] vgfn / o'jfx?aLr eË x'G5 ls eg]/ s'lx/f]sf] sfu em}F ePsf hgtf /dfPsf 5g\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{{
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lgs} 7" n f] ljjfb . g] j flgnfO{ { lgudsf] b'?kof]u x'g] qmd slxNo} d'2f oxL xf] . d"nwf/ s;nfO{ dfGg] <
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a|Xdgfndf k'¥ofpg] k~rfot dfq /f]lsPg, g t clxn];Dd g} of] qmd lxhf]sf ;+;bLo kf6L{ g]kfnL sfFu|];
;fj{hlgs?kd} vgfn sfo{z}nLsf] eg]/ xf}l;Psf 5g\ . t/ Pdfn]sf] zlStzfnL u'6sf] g]tT[ j ug]{ elgPsf oL cf]nL <
xf]Og, sfFu|];sf] kl/jf/ dfq xf]Og . /f]lsg ;s]sf] 5 . lgud of] cj:yfdf / Pdfn]nfO{ jf Pdfcf]jfbLnfO{ <
cfnf]rgf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{{ km]l/ if8\oGq eg]/ laRsfpg], ;xdlts} af6f] aGb ug]{ cleJolSt
Pdfn]af6 dGqL ePsf eLd /fjn / k'Ug'df lgudsf sd{rf/L g} d'Vo ;fob Pdfcf]jfbLafx]ssf ;a} bndf lbO/x]sf 5g\ . Ps bzs nfdf] o'4af6 cfPsf] kf6L{ / /fli6«o e]nfn] cfdhglab|fx] sf]
dfn]sf ofdnfn sF8n ] sf] ;dodf klg sf/s /x]sf] 5, dGqLx?nfO{{ cg]s oxL ljifodf xËfdf dlRrPsf] 5 .
g]jflgsf=== g]jflgdf e|i6frf/ eof] . dfn] g]tf nf]enfnr b]vfP/ lgudsf sd{rf/Ln] To;f] t Pdfcf]jfbLleq klg ljjfb nfOg kf; ubf{ub}{ klg cWoIfn] To;nfO{{ yftL /fv]/ zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfj
ePsf b'O{j6f af]Oª cg]s tfgfafgf Nofpg' s] of] /fd|f] kIf xf]Og < clxn] cfdhgtfn] rfx]sf] klg oxL xf]Og <
ofdnfn sF8]n ag] ko6{g tyf e|i6frf/ ug{] u/]sf 5g\ . x'g klg gePsf] xf] O g, vf;u/L g] k fnL
a'g]/ a]lrof], To;kl5 ;'? eof] dfcf]jfbL ;+ljwfg agfpg] kIfdf uDeL/ ePg eGg] z+sf / u'gf;fnfO{{ o;n]
gful/s p•ogdGqL . @)%% ;fn lgud 6f6 kN6g nfUg] t/ To;sf sfFu; ]| ;Fu ;xdlt ug]{ jf gug]{ eGg]df
lgudsf] cwf]ult . cfˆgf ljdfg lg/fs/0f ub}g{ < d'Vo bn / cfdgful/ssf] rfxgfcg';f/ k|dv ' bn zflGt /
c;f]hdf sfFu; ]| / dfn]sf] u7gaGwg sd{rf/L sf7df8f+dF f gofF dxn yk]sf] ;fdfGo ljjfb x'g ;S5 . ;xdltsf
a]r]/ ljb]zL ljdfg ef8fdf lng] / ;+ljwfgsf nflu cufl8 a9\g' if8\oGq ls To;nfO{{ if8\oGqsf/L cfFvfn] x]g]{ cf]nLsf
;/sf/ ag]sf] s]xL ;dod} g]jflgdf yKo} ug]{ < of] Pp6f vf]hLsf] ljifo nflu d"n¿kdf Pdfcf]jfbL / g]kfnL
sld;g vfg] kmf]xf]/L /fhgLlt ;'? cfFvf g} if8\oGqs/L < zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf kIfdf ax; ug{] bnx?aLr gofF
csf]{ aa08/ dlRrof] . h;nfO{{ ag]sf] 5 . slxn] ljdfg vl/b t sfFu; ]| ldNg'k5{ eGg] Pp6f a'emfO
eof] g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lguddf . ;xdlt vf]Hg' . ;+ljwfgsf afFsL ljifox?nfO{{ ;N6fpg' . dfcf]jfbL cWoIfsf] gofF
g]jflgsf sfnf] Oltxf;df r]h Po/ slxn] ef8fdf lnFbf ljjfbdf d'l5Fb} 5 . To;sf] ljsNkdf jfd w|j' Ls/0fsf]
To;kl5 lgud 7"nfa8fsf nflu k|:tfjdf o;nfO{{ cem lhDd]jf/ agfpg' . dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ cem} zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf
sf08sf ?kdf lrlgG5 . r]h Po/ cfPsf] lguddf clxn] eg] ePsf d'2f 5 . hgljb|f]x jf zflGt /
…;'gsf] k'mn kfg]{ s'v/' LÚ aGg yfNof] . kIfdf nfUg pT;flxt kfg'{ clxn] cGo bnsf] bfloTj xf] . t/ cf]nLn] To;sf]
gfds cd]l/sL sDkgL;Fu lgudn] k'/fgf] ljdfg dd{tdf 3f]6fnf x'Fb} ;+ljwfg eGg] ljifodf ljjfb 5 .
wldhf sf08, r]h Pc/ sf08, cfjZostf b]vs ] f 5}gg\ . gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg' cf]nLsf] p2]Zo xf]Og . bL3{sfnLg
ljdfg vl/b ug{ ;Demf}tf u¥of] . cfPsf] ;|f]tsf] bfaL 5 . g]kfnsf] vf;u/L ;+ l jwfgsf] d' 2 f
rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 sf08 / nfp8f zflGt klg pgsf] Wo]o xf]Og . dfcf]jfbL gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg nfUof] eg] bL3{sfnLg
ljdfg vl/b ug{ % nfv cd]l/sL /fli6«o Wjhfafxs g]kfn jfo' ;]jf ;Demf}tfjfbdf km:g] vt/f 5 eGg]
sf08 . sf08}sf08sf] cv8f aGof] zflGt x'G5 . gofF ;+ljwfg aG5 . gofF ;+ljwfgn] b]zdf gofF /]vf sf]l/G5 .
8n/ cyf{t\ sl/a ;fF9] # s/f]8 ?k}ofF lgud, t/ g]jflgsf] gfd ;'Gbf uj{ Pp6f ts{ 5 . ljb| f ] x sf] gf/f
g]jflg . km/s –km/s /fhgLlts ;+efjgf af]ss ] f, hgtfn] rfx]sf g]tf :yflkt x'G5g\ . lgjf{rgdf ltg} g]tfnfO{{
clu|d e'StfgL ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, nfUb}g xfdLnfO{{ . xhf/ xf]Og, nfv ;do;fk]If 5}g, To;n] k|fKt pknlAw
k[i7e"ldsf km/s–km/s g]tfx?n] hgtfn] r'G5g\ . bzsf}bF l] v ;Qf / ;/sf/df a;]/ /fHo n'6s ] f, hgtf r';s ] f
r]h Po/ kmhL{ sDkgL /x]5 . x'Fb} xf]Og, s/f]8f}F s/f]8 sldzgdf uof], u'dfpg] / ;]6Aofs x'g] vt/f x'G5
g]jflgdf w'nf] p8fP . c?n] e|i6frf/ cf]nL h:tfsf] gofF g]kfndf :yfg /xGg . To;}n,] hgtf / kf6L{ sfo{stf{;d]taf6
gePsf] sDkgLn] s;/L k7fcf];\ e|i6frf/df 8'Aof] . g]jflg df]6f] x'Fbf eGg] csf]{ ts{ 5 . jf:tjdf g]kfnL
ubf{ ;+;b\df s'ng{ x] ? t cfˆgf] kfnf] lt/:s[t cf]nL h:tf sf]lqPsf g]tfsf] enf] b]zdf ;+ljwfg gaGg'd} 5 . dfcf]jfbL
ljdfg . sfd ul//x]sf sDkgL klg df]h ug]{ 7"nfa8f, g]jflg b'AnfpFbf /fhgLlt hl6n ;+ q md0fsfnLg
cfpgf;fy emg\ tLj| ultdf n'6g\ km]l/ v]lbg'd} 5 . b]z oyfl:yltd} /xg'df 5 . km]l/ czflGt dlRrg'd} 5 . zflGt
ljZj;gLo x'g\ ls xf]Ogg\ eg]/ bof ug]{ ;j{;fwf/0f . xf], clxn] ;fFRr} kl/l:yltdf plePsf] 5 . kf6L{x¿
cft'/ eP n'6,] n'l6/x] . ljdfg vl/b / ;+ljwfgsf] dfcf]jfbL cWoIfsf] gofF k|:tfjsf] qf; oxL xf] cf]nLdf . ;+ljwfg
a'‰g'k5{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] . t/ b'AnfPsf] 5 g]kfn jfo' ;]jf lgud . cfGtl/s snxdf km:b} hfF b f
ubf{ xf];\ of ef8fdf lnFbf, /fHosf agfpgsf nflu uDeL/ ePg eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg] . ha uDeL/?kdf k|:t't x'G5
/fli6« o ;DklQsf] k} ; f k7fpF b f cl:tTj g} ;+s6df 5 g]jflgsf] . t/ /fhgLltdf pgLx¿ :jtM sdhf]/
zlStzfnL JolSt / kl/jf/n] sldzg Tof]an] f klg if8\oGqg} b]Vg] oL cf]nLsf lbdfu, cfFvf, dg / dl:t:s k"/} if8\oGqsf/L
lhDd]jf/ ag]gg\ dGqL / g]jflgsf ca g]jflg;Fu w]/} zfg 5}g, ;DklQ x'G5g\ . oxL df}sf 5f]k/] cGo ljsNk
lnP/} 5f8\5g . hxfh vl/b sf08, 5g\ . pgn] if8\oGq b]Vg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f klg oxL xf] . ;/sf/sf] xf];\ ls k|dv '
clwsf/Lx? . Tof] /sd klg Tolts} klg 5}g . To;}n] g]jflgsf clwsf/Lx? vf]Hg] jf if8\oGq ug]{ ;DefjgfnfO{
wldhf sf08, r]h Po/ sf08, bnsf] . x/]s lg0f{onfO{{ if8\oGqafx]s s]xL b]Vb}gg\ cf]nLsf cfFvfn] . To;}n] cf]nL
vf8ndf uof] . ofdnfn sF 8 ] n ar]v'r]sf] ;DklQ a]r]/ sjf8Ldf g]kYoaf6 s'//] k|tLIff ul/Psf] x'g;S5 .
rfOgf;fpy j]i6 sf08, nfp8f sf08 oL ;adf if8\oGq b]V5g\ . if8\oGq s;/L ug{] eGg] tfgfafgf dfq} a'lg/xG5g\ .
ko{ 6 gdGqL lyP eg] g] j flgsf sldzg vfg] rSs/df gnfu'g\ . 6f6 kf6L{nfO{eGbf u'6nfO{ alnof] agfpg]
/ o:tf w]/}w]/} sf08sf pbfx/0f w]/} dxfk|aGws lyP, xªsª /fgf du/ . klN6Psf] g]jflgn] hLjg kfof] eg] k|jl[ Q ;a} kf6L{df a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . dfq xft gePsf] eGb} u}lhDd]jf/k"0f{ ;'gfPgg\ . emSs'n] klg o;}u/L emfk8
5g\ . lgudsf] b'/fj:yf vf]tNof] eg] 7uL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf r]h Po/sf lg/z b]zn] klg hLjg kfpnf eg]/ hjfkm lbOof] . o;/L g]kfnLx?nfO{ e]6s ] f] aofg ;'gfP . b'js } f] s'/f ;'Gbf
k|ltli7t /fhgLlts 3/fgfsf] gfd ;~rfns elgPsf ;' z Ln cfzf ug{ ;lsg]5 . ;/sf/=== sfdsf] nflu eGb} ljb]z k7fP/ nfUYof], g emfk8 vfg]nfO{{ kL8f 5 g
hf]l8G5 sf]O/fnf kl/jf/sf], To;df pOG6/lj?4 g]kfn ;/sf/n] cd]l/sL olb ;fFRr} g} cf]nL kIfw/ xfjL eP larNnL kfg]{ P;eL P;f]l;o6;sf] emfk8 xfGg] b]jsf]6fnfO{{ . pxL klxn]
klg d'VotM ;'hftf sf]O/fnfsf] . cbfntdf d'2f t xfNof] . t/ @ dlGqkl/ifb\sf]=== kf6L{df r/d u'6aGbL b]lvg] / o;af6 u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sfo{sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f emfk8 vfPsf emngfy / k8\sfpg]
ax'bn k'gaxf{nLkl5 ;'hftfsf lktf s/f]8afx]s p7fpg ;s]g . nfp8f l;Ëf] Pdfn]n] lng] jf glng] < h] klg x'g ;Sg] l:yltsf] cf+sng cfufdL lbgdf pknAw u/fpg] ;|ft] sf] /]UdL h:t} . zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf k6s–k6s sf08 t @)%& ;fndf ePsf] xf], ;fob emngfy vgfn / jfdb]j ug{ ufx|f] 5}g . o;}aLr dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ egfO /x]sf] 5 . k|so[ fn] ult lng g;s]sf]df ;a} lg/fz
u[x dGqfno lbPkl5 pTkGg ljjfb
k|wfgdGqL eP . hlt k6s k|wfgdGqL
eP, plt k6s /fHo;+oGqdf 5f]/L
To;cl3 g} eO;s] s f lyP
wldhfsf08 / hxfh laqmL sf08 .
uf}tdsf cfˆg} ts{ 5g\– -s_ kf6L{
cWoIf :jod\ k|wfgdGqL ag]sf a]nf ;dfwfgsf nflu g]skf Pdfn]n] h]7 ;+ljwfg;ef=== 5g\ . ;+qmd0fsfnsf] gfddf e}/x]sf
czflGt, c;'/Iff, dxFuL, e|i6frf/,
bf];|f] ;ftf s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] a}7s cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL / vgfn s'g} klg
;'hftfsf] af]njfnf rNof] . ;'hftf oL ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx?aLr y'k}| ;/sf/ ;~rfng;DaGwL ;Dk" 0 f{ xfntdf clxn]sf] ;/sf/ eË ug]{ pb08tfaf6 ;d] t ;a} cflht
g]kfn cfPnuQ} @)$( ;fn r}t ljjfb eP . jfdkGyL bnx?n] ;8s lhDdf emngfy vgfnnfO{ g} /xG5 af]nfPsf] 5 . kf]ln6Ao'/f]sf] ut e} ; s] . …ha dfG5] lg/fz / c?af6
laxLaf/ a;] s f] a} 7 sdf u[ x sf kIfdf 5}gg\ . a? of] ;/sf/nfO{{ cem
!* ut] zfg]jflgsf] o'/f]k If]qsf] cfGbf]ng g} u/], ;bgsf a}7s cj?4 / kf6L{ n ] ;xof] u ug' { k 5{ , -v_ dha't agfpg] kIfdf 5g\ . ef/tLo blaPsf] cg' e j u5{ Tof] a]nf pm
hg/n ;]N; Ph]G6 -hLO;P_ lgo'St kf/] . d'Vo ljkIfL g]skf Pdfn] / ;Qf;fem]bf/ bnnfO{ ;Ddfg gu/L ljifodf jl/i7 g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfn cfqmfds aG5Ú -…To;kl5 o;n] s]xL
/ s]kL zdf{ cf]nL tyf ;+:yfkg ljb] z dGqLsf] e| d 0fkl5sf]
ug]{ lg0f{o eof] . o'/f]ksf] Ph]06 /fli6« o k| h ftGq kf6L{ n ] wldhf jf p;sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf 7]; k'Ug] cj:yfnfO{{ x]/]/ klg dfcf]jfbL oxL ;f] R b} g / cfqmd0fdf pqG5 . of]
s;nfO{{ agfpg] < of] lg0f{o t klxn] sf08nfO{{ r'gfjL Ph]08f g} agfP . u/L ;/sf/ rnfpg ;lsFb}g, -u_ kIfaLr rsf{rsL{ ePkl5 Pdfn]n] cfqmfds k| ] / 0ffsf] pkh xf] .Ú
h]7 ( / !) ut] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] ;/sf/nfO{{ l6sfpg] kIfdf 5 .
g} eO;s]sf] lyof] . ;'hftf / pgsf e|i6frf/LnfO{{ sf/afxL ug{] s;d klg Pdfcf]jfbLsf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 lsgeg] ef/t clxn] klg vgfn / ;dfhdf cg' z f;gxLg / g} l tsxLg
klt hd{ g gful/s gf] a 6{ s f] ] zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf] sfo{lbzf kfl/t a}7s af]nfPsf] xf] . k|wfgdGqL
vfP hgtf;Fu . @)%! df Pdfn]n]
emngfy vgfn z' q maf/ ljb] z dfcf]jfbLsf] kIfdf 5}g . To;}n], k|jl[ Q df}nfpFb} hfFbf klg o:tf 36gf
l;kmfl/;cg';f/ ef/tLo d"nsf r'gfj klg lhTof] . t/ wldhf / ePsf] ca klg p;nfO{ z+sf ul//xg' casf lbgdf ;+ljwfgsf ;xdlt x'g bf]xf]l/g] u/]sf] 5 . klxNo} lk6\g]
a]nfotL gful/s lbg]z wldhfsf] a'l4dQf x'bF g} , -3_ g]kfn–cf]nL u'6n] e|d0fdf hfg] ePsfn] kf]ln6Ao'/f]
hxfh laqmL sf08sf e|i6frf/LnfO{{
a}7s klg h]7 * ut];Ddsf nflu g;s] s f ljifodf tLj| 5nkmn, of]hgf geP klg s'/f ub}{ hfFbf s'g}
km]o/ sDkgLnfO{{ hLO;P agfOof] . sf/afxL ePg . a?, ylkP r]h Pc/ ;s];dd of] ;/sf/sf] lxtdf ;xof]u jfbljjfb / unkmQL x'g5 ] . ;s];Dd s' / fdf lrQ a' e m] g eg] dfG5]
wldhf o;cl3 g} g]jflgsf nflu ug{ ;Sb}g / -ª_ s's'/ e'Sb} u5{g\ / :ylut ul/Psf] Pdfn] ;lrj o'j/fh
sf08 / rfOgf ;fpyj]i6 sf08 .
1jfnLn] hfgsf/L lbP . ;|f]tsf g]kfnL sfFu|];;d]tsf] ;xdltdf cfsl:ds 9Ën] pQ] h gfdf
a]nfotsf Ph]G6 lyP . ;'hftfsf] dfn]sf dGqLn] e|i6frf/ u/] eg]/ xfQL lxF8b\ } u5{ . vgfn–uf}td wf/sf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ul/g] 5 . sfFu; ]| afws plqxfN5 . …l/;n] cfFvf gb]vs ] f] a]nf
;xof]un] o'/f]kel/sf] lhDdf kfP . Pdfn]n] rsf]{ lj/f]w u¥of] . ljjfb a'emfOdf Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbL ;DaGwnfO{ cg';f/ kf]ln6Jo'/f] a}7sdf af]Ng] dfG5] n ] xf] ; \ u' d fpF 5 / h] klg ug{
clwsf+ z n] kf6L{ lg0f{ o ljkl/t ag] b'O{ ltxfO k'¥ofP/ klg dfcf]jfbL
;]N; Ph]G6nfO{{ ( k|ltzt sldzg a9\b} hfFbf dfn] ;/sf/af6 aflxl/of], ;sf/fTds lx;fan] gofF cfofddf tof/ x' G 5Ú . emngfy / emSs' dflysf]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ u[x dGqfno lbPsf]n] / vgfn ;+ljwfg hf/L ug{k5{ eGg]
lbg] ljZjJofkL k|rng lyof] . afa' Pdfn] lelqof] . Pdfn]af6 ko{6gdGqL ljsl;t u/] / dfq /fli6« o emfk8 z[v + nfdf klg oxL ePsf] xf] .
cWoIf ;d] t /x] s f k| w fgdGqL lg0f{df k'u]sf 5g\ .
k|wfgdGqL ePsf] df}sfdf ;'hftfn] ag], eLd /fjn . clg syf aGof], /fhgLltnfO{ cfˆgf] nfOgdf tfGg lg/fz / cfqmf]zaf6 ;'? ePsf]
wldhfnfO{{ cGt/f{li6«o k|rngeGbf rfOgf ;fpyj]:6 sf08sf] . @)%% ;lsG5 . ;/sf/sf] ljifodf PsLs[t emngfy vgfnsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf z[ª\vnf l;sfOsf] ?kdf ablng
a9L rf/ u' 0 ff a9L cyf{ t \ #* ;fnsf] d+l;/df sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] dfcf]jfbLleq klg tLgj| c;Gt'li6x¿ 5g\ . hjfkmdf vgfnn] eg] ;/sf/ yfn]sf] 5 . o;n] t xfGof], d}n] xfGg
k| l tzt sldzg kfP . o;/L ;+oS' t ;/sf/ aGof] . sfFu; ]| / dfn]n] a9]sf 5g\ . u[xdGqL sf] aGg] eGg] u7gsf ;dodf ePsf] ;fta'Fb]
;xdltcg';f/ g} dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ u[x
r8\sgn]=== lsg gx'g] eGg] unt k|efj w]/d} f
Ph]G6nfO{{ ( k|ltzt sldzg lbg] lgud 8'afP eGb} ;bgb]lv ;8s ljifodf ePsf] ax; ;txdf 6'lËP :6fOnn] r8\sg e]6] . emngfyn] Ps k/]sf] 5 . o;n] emfk8 xfGbf Toqf]
ljZjJofkL rng x'bF fx'bF } zfg]jflgn] klg c? ;fO8Okm]S6x¿ afFsL 5g\ . lbPsf] atfPsf lyP .
ttfpg] g]skf Pdfn]af6 ko{6gdGqL r8\sg dfq} e]6s ] f lyP, ;'jb] Ln] rflxF rrf{ kfof], d}n] klg o;} u/]/ rrf{
vf;u/L s]xL k|:tfljt dGqLx¿n]
#* k|ltzt lbof] . rf/ u'gf a9L
sldzg wldhf PSn}n] kSs} vfPgg\,
agfOPsf eLd /fjn rfOgf ;fpyj]i6
;kyu|x0f alx:sf/ ug'n { ] To;leqsf] P;eL=== b'O{ r8\sg e]6] . n'?n'? lgjf; hfFb} a6'Ng ;S5' ls eGg] efjgfn] klg
sf08df d'l5P . gofF dGqL cfpgf;fy s'g} sbd grfnL cfn6fn ul//x]sf] u/]sf emSs'nfO{{ b]jsf]6fn] cfˆgf] lrof dfG5]nfO{{ k|efljt 5 . emfk8 xfg]/
;' h ftfn] klg vfOg\ . o;af6 gofF hxfh ef8fdf lng] t k/Dk/f c;Gt'li6nfO{ ;lhn} k|ltlalDat k;ndf af]nfP . clg 7]ufg gePsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] xf]Og . t/ emfk8
ub{5 . vf;u/L zLif{:y g]tT[ jaLrdf kLl8tsf cfkmGtx?sf] egfO /x]sf]
lgudnfO{{ #( s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF g} ag]sf] lyof] Tolta]nf . g]jflgn] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf P;eL ;+ljwfgsf] s'/f lems] . ;+ljwfg slxn] df]xn] vfg] / v'jfpg] b'jy} l/sf] rrf{
gf]S;fgL eof] . of] s'g} cf/f]k xf]Og, Pp6f k|:tfj kfPsf] lyof] k|lt306f h'g xflb{stf / ljZjf; x'g'kg]{ xf], aG5 eGg] lh1f;fdf emSs'n] lbPsf] a6'Ng yfn]kl5 of] z+v [ nf olt d} sxfF
kl5Nnf lbgx¿df emg} vl:sFb} uPsf] P;f]l;o6;df ;Dks{ /fVbf s]xL JolQm
@)%* ;fndf bfdf]b/ Gof}kfg]sf] #* ;o 8n/sf ef8fdf . t/ g]jflgn] g]kfn kms{g rfx]sf] ;To eP klg pQ/ pgnfO{{ dg k/]g . To;kl5 ‰ofd ;lsPnf / < To;dfly h]7 !$
cWoIftfdf ul7t pRr:t/Lo rfOgf ;fpyj]i6;Fu hxfh ef8fdf 5 . s;sf dfG5] slt k/] / s;sf ls ‰ofd ufnfdf k8\sfP . emfk8 glhlsF b } u/] s f] cj:yfdf ;ef;b\ x?n]
k/]gg\ eGgd} cfz+sfx¿ a9]sf 5g\ . pgLx? larNnLdf eg] gk/]sf] eGb}
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k|df]b lwtfn
;flRrs} b]z clxn] klg c;fdfGo cj:yfd} 5 . c;fdfGo cj:yfdf /x]sf] o;
" nfO{{ kf/ nufpg] ck]Iff ;fk]IftM g]tf / kl/jt{gsf] Ph]08f af]ss ] f /fhg}lts
;nfd==== gd:t] jf u'8dlg{Ë – klxnf– dl0f zdf{ cfkm+} ;d'bd| f x/fpg yfn] . ;d'bd| f x/fpg] zlStx?af6 x'g' c:jfefljs klg xf]Og, oBlk of] bfloTj ;a}sf] xf] . sd{rf/L, jlsn,
klxnf nfn;nfd eGg] ul/GYof] . pkrf/sf] ljlw ckgfp"bf a]z xf]nf ls ;+u7gsf] x}l;otn] sfd ul//x]sf 5g . xf] ls sd/]8, u?8 ag]/ pTkLl8t kqsf/, lzIfs, k|x/L nufot cGo gful/sx? klg cf–cfk\mgf] 7fpFdf g]tfx? g} x'g .
l;+xb/af/ l5/]kl5 g]tf sd/]8x?sf] – cWoIf sd/]8 cfh Pdfcf]jfbL olt dfq xf] / – cfˆgf] kIfsf gful/s hgtfsf] kL8f b"/ ug{] xf] – tL ;a}nfO{{ uDeL/tf, pQ/bfloTj / ?kfGt/0fsf] vfFrf] 5 . xfdL b]lv/x]5f}+ ;dfhsf]
g}ltstf nf]k x'b" } uO/x]em}+ ;nfdsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf6L sf] . ef]ln of] eGbf ;dfhnfO{{ cfˆgf] cg'sn" kl/rflnt ug{ cl:t ev/{ sd/]8, ef/tLo Psyl/ hdft ;a}nfO{{ Ps} 8fnf]df ld;fP/ /fhgLlt / g]tfx?sf] dfgdb{g ug]{ wGwfdf
cufl8sf] nfn klg nf]k ePsf] 5 . 7"nf] klg x'g ;S5 jf Pdfn]eGbf tn nufgL ug{ ] u5{ . oL Pglhcf] , ljb]zdGqL O;Pd s[i0ff g]kfn cfPsf lnKt 5, cFem Tof] tKsf h;n] of] d"ns ' sf] ?kfGt/0f / k|ultsf] nflu s] slt u/]+ eg]/
nfn;nfd;DaGwL Pp6f cg'ej z]o/ emg{ ;S5 . hgtf ;w}+ Pp6} kf6L{ k]jf cfOPglhcf]x?dfkm{t\ g]kfndf olt a9L lyP . ;+;bjfbL bnsf g]tfx? pgL a;]sf] cfk"mn] cfkm}lt/ kms]/{ ;f]Rb}g, b]z lalu|gd' f h] hlt lhDd]jf/ 5, Tof] dfq /fhgLlt kf6L{
u?" x} sd/]8 . @)$& ;fnlt/sf] s'/f eP/ a:g hfGb}gg . xfd|f g]tf ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljs[ltx? åfl/sf xf]6ndf k|eb' z{gsf nflu nfd / g]tfx? dfq x'g\ egL 7fGg] / cfk"m kfgL dflysf] cf]efgf] AfGg vf]Hg] uhasf] k|jl[ Q
xf], tTsfnLg dfn]sf] huhuL x]gn{ fos sd/]8x?sf] g}lts :vngdfly e/ kg{] lelqPsf 5g ls o;nfO{{ ;'wfg{ lgs} nfu]/ uPsf lyP . of] ;Dd t 7Ls} xf] . b]lvFbf] 5 . t/ klg Pp6f tLtf] ;To s] xf] eg] s'g} klg s'/fsf] ;|ft] of d'xfg g} /fd|f]
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/ hfGg] x'F eG7fGg] tL g]tfn] kqsf/ oxfFsf] kqsfl/tfsf] af/]df . oxfFsf] x:tIf]ksf] ck]Iff u5f}+ { eg] ;Dejt dnfO{{ n]Vg'eGbf klxnf Ps k6s ;f]ws ] f] eP kf]v/L hdfpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ ljz]if u/L lxhf]sf ;+;bjfbL bnsf ax';V+ os oyfl:yltjfbL
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dnfO{{ nfUof] of] a]nfdf klg af]Ng ;lsg g/x]sf sf/0f of] cj:yf cfPsf] xf] eGg bnfnL, rfs8L clg u'nfdL ug]{ g} xf] . kqsf/sf] gftfn] xfdL o;eGbf aflx/ Ph]08fx?leq cGo zlStx?nfO{{ ;xdt x'g afWo agfpg] rft'oo{ S' t af6f] c+lusf/
eg] t d kqsf/ x'F eg]/ ;ft xft dnfO{{ s'g} cK7\of/f] nfUb}g . s'g} g]tf jf t/ s;nfO{{ s:tf] nfU5 eGbf klg oyfy{tf hfg ;Sb}gf}F . o;/L g} af]Nbf /fd|f] x'g] ug'e{ Gbf dfcf]jfbLsf lglDt csf]{ ljsNk 5}g .
pk|mg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo /xg]5g} . Psl5g sd{ r f/Lx?n] uNtL ul/;s] k l5 s] xf] / xfd|f] Go"gtd d"No / dfGotfn] lyof] ls < [email protected]
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