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cfu|x ug{e' of] . pkfWoIf >]i7n] k|dv ' l:yltdf klg ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj cWoIf gu/]kl5 cGttM lgl:qmo x'g k'u]sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;'emfj ;ldltn] tof/ kf/]sf] !( efu / @ ;o &$ wf/fdf ljeflht pQm u|xbzf x6]sf] 5}g a? lbgk|ltlbg
k|ltkIfL bn Pdfcf]jfbL;Fu ;Nnfx g} k' i ksdn bfxfn ‘k| r 08’n] g} 5 . PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf, g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ulxl/Fb} uPsf] 5 . sl/a !@ dlxgf
gu/L anhk\mtL¿kdf Joj:yflksf– ug{x'g]5 . Ps csf{] k|Zgdf pxfFn] k6s–k6s ;xdltsf gfddf ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6«o Pstf, :jfwLgtf Pjd\ :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} ;fdGtjfb / nfdf] cjlwdf ;xdltsf s'/f w]/} eP
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b[9tfk"j{s lnPsf 5g\ eg] ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnL hgtf ;/sf/sf] of] 3[l0ft
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cd]l/sL /fhb"t :s6 Pr 8]ln;Ln] rfx]sf] /fhb"t 8]ln;Ln] k|wfgdGqL dfgjclwsf/sdL{sf] clkn
lzi6frf/ e]6 u/L cd]l/sL ;/sf/sf] g]kfn;Fu atfpg'ePsf] k|wfgdGqLsf sf7df8f} F . ;/sf/n]
wf/0ff hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] xf] . oxL j}b]lzs dfldnf;DaGwL ;Nnfxsf/ sf7df8f} F . g] k fn 3' D g cfpg] dfl;s cfDbfgL eg]sf] ;docg';f/ atfpF5g\ . Kofgdf btf{ u/L s/df
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lgsf;Ldf b}lgs nfvf}F ¿k}ofFsf] rf/ ;osf b/n] @$ ;o ¿k}ofFk|lt 5}gg\ eg] pgLx¿n] :yfoL n]vf gDa/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] !! xhf/ cg'dlt k|fKt clu| d s/ s§L -6L8LP;_ sf6] / jif{ c l3 :yfkgf ePsf] ;+ o ' S t
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jf:tljs kl/df0feGbf sd ef/ttkm{ hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . /fh:j u/]/ s/ ltg{'kg]{ elgP klg dfl;s pgLx¿af6 cfpg] a;]{lgsf] nfvf}Fsf] ;/sf/n] Nofpg] h'g;'s} lgoddf klg s'g} 6'+uf]df k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .
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sd{ r f/Lx¿n] sf6\ g ] u/] s f 5g\ . gfsfx¿df /fh:j u:tL tyf r]shfFr ufO8x¿nufot ko{6g If]qsf sfo{/t 5 . pgLx¿ cfk\mgf] clkm;n] ltg]{ atfpF5g\ . t/ ;/sf/n] g} s'g} klg cGTo geO;s]sf] zflGt k|lqmofn]
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ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
– s= dfcf]T;] t'ª lsg ;dod} lgdf{0f x'g ;s]g ;+ljwfg
Gtl/d ;+ljwfgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] yf]k/]/ cfkm\gf] n'6sf] :ju{ arfpg] v]ndf
r'gfj ;DkGg ug{ / b'O{ jif{df gofF
;+ l jwfg 3f] i f0ff ug{ bnx¿nfO{
;ftfsf] ax; ;fdGtjfbL tTjx¿ v]ln/x]sf 5g\ .
h;sf] k|ltlglwTj g]kfnL sfFu|]; /
DofG8]6 lbPsf] lyof] . t/, s:tf]
lj8Djgf b'O{ jif{ k"/f ePkl5 ;+ljwfg
bLk]Gb| 3tL{ ‘k|efs/’ kmfl;i6 tTjx¿n] ul//x]sf 5g\ .
;+ljwfg;ef 3f]if0ffsf] ldlt ;lsb}
3f] i f0ff x' g ] t stf xf] stf pN6} Pdfn] h:tf ;+zf]bgjfbL kf6L{;Fu ljut !% jif{b]lvsf] pknlAw, Tofu, ul//x]sf] ;dodf g]kfnL sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]
bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h' 6 \ g g;s] / ;Demf}tf x'g] kl/l:ylt aGof] / ;Demf}tf tk:of ;a} v/fgL agfP/ pgLx¿sf] hf] ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j;d]t ul//x]sf] 5g\
b]zdf yk cGof}n / ca s] x'G5 eGg] klg eof] . of] s;}sf] rfxgfn] dfq} kfpdf cfTd;dk{0f ug]{ . of] s'/f ltgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] af/]df eGbf
lrGtf al9/x]sf] 5 . ca Pp6f dfq ePsf] lyPg t/ ;Demf}tfsf] ljsNk dfcf]jfbLn] ug{ t sxfF ;f]Rg;d]t k|ltkIfnfO{ s;/L ;dfKt ug]{ eGg]
ljsNksf] ¿kdf plePsf] 5 klg t lyPg . t/, ;Demf}tfsf] leqL ;Sb}g . a? cfkm\gf] alnbfgL ug{ lrGtfn] ljb]zL k|ex' ¿sf] cfb]zcg';f/
jif{ #, c+s $), h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/ @)^& ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg] ljifo . o; cf;o eg] ;a}sf] ljljw g} lyof] . tof/ x' G 5 . o;sf/0f dfcf] j fbL cfkm\gf] ultljlw ug]{ dfq x}g ;+ljwfgnfO{
ljifodf ;a} bnx¿aLr ulx/f] x'Fbfx'Fb} klg cl:tTj /Iffsf] nflu g} cfkm\gf] Ph]08fnfO{ 5f]8\g tof/ x'g cfkm\gf] cg's"ntfdf lngnfO{ x/]s
;DkfbsLo 5nkmn rn]sf] ePklg kl/jt{gnfO{ of] ;Dej aGof] . of] s]jn ;}4flGts ;Sb}g clg ;Demf}tfdf Pdfn] sfFu; |] n] k| s f/sf] s;/t ul//x] s f 5g\ .
/f]s]/ a;]sf ;Qfl;g bnx¿sf] ¿kdf ePsf] lyof] . of] ;Demf}tfn] eg]em}+ ;xdlt ug{ ;Sb}g of] ;Dej k|ltkIfsf] cfjfhsf] s'g} ;'gj' fO{ ul/Psf]
;/sf/ afws gag cj/f] w sf sf/0f lgisif{ lg:sg
;s]g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;'lglZrttf
;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj ;DkGg;d]t
u¥of] . To;kl5 eg] ck]Iffs[t ¿kn]
klg 5}g . oxfF a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f s] 5
eg] olta]nfsf] n8fO{ vfnL sfuhL
5}g . a? ;+ljwfgnfO{ a]jfl/;] agfP/
cfkm\gf] kmfl;i6 Psflwsf/ sfod ug{nfO{
ug]{ s'/fdf sd} dflg;sf] lbdfun] 3/ cufl8 a9\g ;s]g lsgls ca t ;+ljwfgsf] n]vg / 3f]if0ffsf] ljifo lx+;fTds tof/L ul//x]sf k|df0fx¿
zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf nflu ul/Psf] kl5Nnf] tLg u/]sf] 5 . lsgls ;+ljwfg;ef eg]sf] To;nfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kd} 7f] ; , x}g l;+uf] ju{sf] /Iff / :jfy{sf] ljifo ;txdf cfpg] ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] gf}nf]
a'bF ] ;xdlt ePsf] sl/a Ps ;ftf laTof] t/ ;xdlt clGtd lgsf; x}g of] t Pp6f r/0f d" l t{ s [ t / nfu" ub} { hfg] ;do xf] . g]kfnL sfFu]|;n] ;fdGtjfbL, ljifo klg x} g Oltxf;df o:tf
dfq} xf] . of] ;efaf6 ;a} s'/fsf] eO;Sof] . ca Jofjxfl/s ¿kn] oyfl:yltjfbL / 3f]/blIf0fkGyLsf] kmfl;i6x¿n] cfkm\gf] n'6 arfpg]
sfof{ G jogsf] s' g } ;+ s ] t b] v fk/] s f] 5} g . km} ; nf x' g ;Sb} g lsgeg] of] t sfof{Gjog ug{ eg] cfsfzktfnsf]] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . k|of;df ck/flws, qm'/ / ljeT; lx+;f
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;+qmd0fsflng leGgtf b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ olb yf]/} dfcf] j fbL k| u ltzLn, cu| u fdL / u/]sf] kfpg] ub{5f}+ eg] g]kfnL zf;s
;+ljwfg;efnfO{ arfpg bnx¿n] clGtd If0fdf dWoljGb'sf] ¿kdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] . klg /fhg}lts sf]0fn] x]g]{ xf] eg] ;j{xf/fju{sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]/ ;dfh o;af6 ckjfb /xg ;Sg] s'/f klg
b]vfPsf] ;'ema'emn] g]kfnL hgtfdf zflGt / olta]nf xfdL ;a}n] b]lv/x]sf 5f}F, :jfefljs xf] h:tf] nfU5 . ljsf;sf] nflu hLjgd/0fsf] n8fO{ ePg . g]kfnL zf;ssf] clxn]sf]
;+ l jwfg ;' l glZrt ug] { / lgdf{ 0 f ;fd| f HojfbL / ;fDojfbL nl8/x]sf] 5 . csf]{ bn 5 h;sf] ultljlwn] o;sf] k|dfl0ft ul//x]sf] 5 .
;+ljwfgk|lt 6';fPsf] cfzf k'gM lg/fzfdf ab\lng] ug]{eGbf klg x/]s bnn] Pscsf{nfO{ /fhg}lts l;4fGt cjnDjg ug]x{ ¿sf] ljifodf w]/} rrf{ kl/rrf{ ug{ Tolt olta]nf PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf]
cf/f]k–k|Tof/f]k ub}{ cfkm" kfgLdflysf] aLrdf ;xh ¿kdf ;xdlt eP/ ;fGble{s klg 5}g . o;nfO{ xfdL t];f| ] sfFwdf dxTjk"0f{ lhDdf cfOk'us ] f] 5 .
l:yltdf k' u ] s f] 5 . ljut Ps jif{ b ] l v cf]efgf] aGg vf]lh/x]sf] s'/f . lsg cufl8 a9\g] s'/f t x'g ;Sb}g\ . lxhf] lnËLsf] ¿kdf b] l vPklg ;f/df clxn] ;+ljwfg;ef ;+qmd0fsflng
;+ljwfg;efsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] bn PsLs[t g]skf o:tf] eO/x]sf] 5 t, o; ljifodf ;Demf}tfsf] ¿k Pp6f / ;f/ ljljw o;n] blIf0fkGyL wf/s} kIfkf]if0f ug]{ ePsf]n] o;nfO{ s:tf] agfpg] eGg]
clnslt ljrf/ ubf{ o:tf] nfU5 ls ePsf] s'/fsf] k'li6 eO/x]sf] 5 . o;}sf] ePsfn] cfkm\g} Ph]08f t 5}g g}, s'/f h;sf] kxn eof] p;}sf]] kIfdf
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ PSNofP/ k'/ftgjfbL ;f]r / ;+:s[lt g]kfndf 7"nf d'Vo bnx¿aLrdf kl/0ffd xf] bnx¿sf] clxn]sf] of] g]kfnL sfFu]|;sf] Ph]08fsf] ultnf] x'g] ePsfn] cu|ufdL / k|ltufdLsf]
lgs} n8fO{ rln/x]sf] 5 . o;f] x'g' n8fO{ . sfFu]|;, Pdfn]n] ;Demf}tfsf] k'hf/L agL 3fF6L hf]8]/ gofF hf]uLn] aLrdf lgs} l5gf emk6L x'g] ub{5No: .
af]ss ] f tyf hglt/:s[tx¿sf] af]njfnf ePsf] :jfefljs xf] h:tf] nfU5 . lsgeg] vf]nleqaf6 dfcf]jfbLnfO{ l;Wofpg] w]/} v/fgL 3;]em}+ sfFu]|;eGbf tLg k|ltufdLn] cfkm\gf] kIfdf lngnfO{
;/sf/s} sf/0f ;dodf g} ;+ljwfg aGg g;s]sf] ;}4flGts ¿kn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj v]n v]ln/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f 3fdh:t} xftdfly pk|m]/ cfkm\gf] c;nL ¿ksf] Gjf/gb]lvsf] an k|of]u ub{5 . l7s
;DkGg eof] t/ clxn] Jofjxfl/s 5n{ Í 5 . To:t} dfcf] j fbLn] kbf{ vf]ln/x]sf] 5 Pdfn]n] . To;/Lg} qmflGtsf/Ln] klg hgtfsf]
k|:6 eO;s]sf] 5 . b]zdf nf]stGq :yfkgf ¿kd} sfof{ G jog ug{ eg] hl6n ;Demf}tfsf] ;xf/fdf sFf+ u]; | , Pdfn]h:tf olta]nf b]zdf hltklg ;+3if{df kIfdf lngnfO{ x/bd k|of; ug{'{ kb{5 .
alg/x] s f] 5 . lsgls ;} 4 flGts oyfl:yltjfbLnfO{ cfkm\gf] Ph]08fdf ;xefuL /xg] bnx¿ 5g\, ;f/df tL b'O{ clxn] dfcf]jfbLn] hg ;+ljwfgsf]
eO;s]kl5 klg gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf] nflu ¿kdf ;xdlt ubf{g} leqL cfzo lnP/ cufl8 tfGg] sf]lz; ul//x]sf] lsQfdf ljeflht ePsf 5g\ . n8fO{ kIfdf /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ kIfnfO{ ;d]t]/
nl8/xg'kg]{ l:ylt cfpg' sDtL nfhdbf]{ / xf:of:kb km/s–km/s lyP of] /x/n] ePsf] klg oyf{ttf xf] . o;df s;}n] s;}nfO{ d'Vo ¿kdf b'O{ lsQfs} xf] k|ultzLn / uf]naGb ub}{ k|ltufdL / oyfl:ylt¿kd}
lyPg . ;Demf}tf ug]{ ;dodf ;a} ;lhn} dfg]/ hfg] cj:yf b]lvb}g . oyfl:yltaLrsf] . k|ult, cu|ultsf] rfxg]x¿sf] lj?4 eLif0f ;+3if{af6
xf]Og, t/ ;/sf/df a;]/ ;Qfsf] dft / eQfsf] bnx¿nfO{ afWotf ePs} lyof] lsg olb Pdfn], sfFu|];n] dfcf]jfbLsf] nflu PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] g]tT[ j ul//x]sf] k|ultlzn hg;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf]
eg] 1fg]Gb|n] ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿nfO{ Ph]08fnfO{ dfg]/ hfg] xf] eg] cfkm\gf] 5 . h;n] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 hgtfsf] nflu PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLn] kxn ug{'
:jfbdf /dfPsf bnx¿nfO{ o;sf] s'g} lrGtf / clGtd cj:yfdf k'¥ofPsf lyP / cl:tTjg} vtd x'g] / dfcf]jfbL k|efj eljionfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ u/L hg;+ljwfg kb{5 . of] lhDdf oxL kf6L{nfO{ dfq} 5
rf;f] b]lvFb}g . ljZjsf] Oltxf;d} gePsf] / cfkm\gf] cl:tTj arfpgnfO{ 1fg]Gb|sf] x'g] b]vk] l5 of] Ph]08fnfO{ s'g} xfntdf lgdf{0fsf] nflu qmflGtsf/L wf/sf] / o;n] dfq of] cleef/f k"/f ug{
z/0fdf nDk;f/ kbf{ ; d] t s' g } ;xdt x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\al: . a? k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf] 5 . h;nfO{ ;S5 . To;}n] cfd hgtfnfO{ uf]naGb
nf] s tGqsf] lvNnL p8fpF b } b] z L÷ljb] z L 6] / k' R 5/ gnufPkl5 afWo eP/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ljleGg vfn] dfu /fVb} hgtfn] ljZjf;sf ;fy ;+ljwfg;efsf] u/]/ Jofks hgbafjaf6 ;+ljwfg
clGtddf eLif0f n8fO{ nl8/x]sf] zlQm av]8f yflk/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] sfFu]|;, ;aeGbf 7"nf] bnsf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/]/ lgdf{ 0 f ;' l glZrt ug} { kb{ 5 . of]
k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQmsf] cf8 / e/f];fdf ag]sf] / dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf] ;xf/fsf] Pdfn] ;xdlt x} g dfcf] j fbLnfO{ hg;+ l jwfg lgdf{ 0 f ug] { cljef/f hgtfsf] hgfb]znfO{ k"/f ug{sf] nflu
c8]sf] of] ;/sf/ nf]stGqnfO{ arfpg]eGbf klg ljsNk /x]g . To:t} dfcf]jfbLn] klg pQ]lht u/]/ sxL g sxL uNtL ug{lt/ ;' l DkPsf 5g\ . csf] { lsQf hf] PsLspt dfcf] j fbLn] h:tf] ; ' s }
cfkm"n] rfx]sf] h:tf] g]kfnL zf;s / ws]Ng] k|oTg ul//x]sf] 5 . h;n] ;+ l jwfg;efaf6 b] z / hgtfnfO{ alnbfg ug{ klg r' S g x' F b } g .
ab\gfd u/fpg], eTsfpg] / ljgfz ug]{ lbzfdf b[9 zfxL ;]gfnfO{ ef}lts¿kdf k/flht ubf{ ljZjnfO{ e| d lbP/ cfkm\ g } cu|lbzflt/ n}hfg'sf] ;f6f] cGtl/d dfcf]jfbLsf] cufl8 of] eGbf csf]{
ub}{ hgtfsf] xftdf s]Gb|Lo ;Qf lng xflnd' x fnL ug] { ;kgfdf pgLx¿ ;+ljwfgnfO{ unt kl/efiff / ts{af6 ljsNk klg 5}g . o;sf] nflu k5fl8
eP/ cl3 a9]sf] p;sf] ljut / jt{dfgsf] g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf n8fO{sf] df]rf{ 8'la/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ;xdlt / ;+ l jwfg;efnfO{ eb| u f] n agfO{ x6]/ x}g lg/Gt/ cufl8 al9/xg'kb{5 .
sfo{zn } Ln] k'li6 ul//x]sf] 5 . zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf km]/]/ ;+;b\jfbL bnx¿nfO{ ;d]6]/ ;Demf}tfnfO{ lsgf/f nufpFb}5g\ . oyfl:yltd} /fVg] dfq} x}g @)$& ;fnsf] lht hgtfsf] kIfdf ;'lglZrt 5 .
1fg]Gb|nfO{ k/flht ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] dfcf] j fbLn] sfF u ] | ; , Pdfn] s f] km]n eO;s]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ g} AoFt" fP/ clg jf:tljs hg;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff
nflu ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yk ug]{ / To;sf] nflu g} g]kfnL sfFu|]; h:tf blIf0fkGyL / Ph]08fnfO{ dfGg'sf] cy{ x'G5 ls p;n] k|ltufdL¿kn] hah{:t ¿kdf hgtfnfO{ eP/ 5f8\g] 5 .
k|wfgdGqLn] /fhLgfdf ug]{ egL h]7 !$ df ul/Psf]
;xdltsf] pNn+3g ug'{ eg]sf] b]znfO{ k'gM åGåtkm{
ws]Ng' xf] . ljut Ps jif{bl] v zflGt, ;+ljwfg /
3fOt] kqsf/sf] dfld{s j]bgf
s] z j/fh hf] z L d'gfn] Tof] lbg 88]Nw'/f c:ktfndf PgPgP;8ANo"Psf] lkmlhof]y]/fkL 7"nf kqsf/ klg b]v]sf] 5', dflns
s~rgk' / . cfjfh k|i6 gx'Fbf e] 6 \ g ' k ¥of] . ef] l nsf] uf] / vfkqdf sIffdf pgnfO{ ToxL rf]6sf] sf/0f kqsf/;Fu klg a;]sf] 5' . lbgel/
gful/s ;jf]R{ rtfsf nflu ;xdlt / ;xsfo{df hf]8 sltkon] h8\ofxf eg]]– kmf]gaf6 s'/f k|sflzt ug{ NofPsf] ;dfrf/ x/fof] Kof/fnfOl;; ePsf] xf] . 6fpsf]df >d P]gsf] s''/f ug]{ /flt >d ldRg] .
lbFb} cfGbf]ng ub}{ cfPsf] PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ubf{ kmf]g} g;'gL /flvlbGy], d]/faf/]df . bf];|f] lbgsf] uf]/vfkqdf ;dfrf/ t uDeL/ rf]6 nfu]sf] 5 . 6fpsf]sf] !) sltko kqsf/ cfkm\g} cfFvf cufl8
s;}n] n]lvlbPg . of] Ps ckfª k|sflzt eof] t/ klZrd ;]tLsf] gDa/ g;f blaPsf] 5 . bfFoflt/ cfpFbf dfgj wd{df afFlwGy] eGb}
k6s–k6s e'mSofP/ ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbL bn dfq kqsf/ 3tnfUbf] dfdL{s j]bgf xf] . geP/ kqsf/ P]/L b'3{6gfdf k/L 3fOt] rf]6 eP/ kf] afFof efu grNg] ePsf] lyP . pgsf] cj:yfaf/] s;} n ]
@)^% c;f]h dlxgfdf b'3{6gfdf kl/ ePsf] . 5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf kqsf/ ;xof]usf] snd grnfPsf] u'gf;f] u/] . pgL
xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e'mSofpg] / wf]sf lbg] 3fOt] ePsf kqsf/ ejfgL P] / kqsfl/tf ug]n { ] hlxn] klg df]8df cfzdf ;/sf/n] slQ klg ;xof]u cfk" m ;F u cfPsfx¿nfO{ eG5g\
sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . lxhf]cfh ckfªtfsf] hLjg ljtfpg lxF8\g'k5{ / hf]lug'k5{ t/ pgL t kxf8L gu/] s f] h:tf] . ltg} kqsf/ x' g \ slxn]sfxLF e]6\g t cfpg' x} . dt
ljjz ePsf 5g\ . klZrd ;]tL lhNnfdf l/kf]l6{ª uy]{ / cK7\of/f] lyof] ufpF a ] ; Ldf vj/ a' ‰ g hfg] . pg} slxn] ; Dd of] a] 8 df a:g' k5{ .
PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;/sf/;Fu k6s–k6s kl/of]hgfsf] l/kf]l6Ësf] nflu 8f]6L hLjg wfGgsf] nflu . /fHosf] rf}yf] kqsf/ c:ktfnsf] a] 8 df ;'b"/klZrdsf kqsf/ hfu?s 5g\,
lyP 8f]6L af6 88]Nw'/f kms{g] qmddf cË klg eG5g\ kqsfl/tf / klN6/x]5g\ . cfkm\gf] k];faf6 r6Ss} ldlxg]tL 5g\ . kqsf/ ejfgL P]/
u/]sf] ;xdlt ‘=== nfO{ df;' k}r F f] lbg'’ ;fljt ePsf] 8f]6Ls} uf]jL3f6df pgn] xfs]sf] df]6/ kqsf/nfO{ . Joj;flos kqsfl/tf xft sfl6of] . cfkm\gf] snd yrSs ;xof]us} cfzfdf 5g\ . pgn] cfk"m
5 . t/, klg dfcf]jfbL cfzfjfbL eP/ zflGt, jfOs PSsf;L ;]!h #)@ gDa/sf] ubf{ slt x08/ vfg'k5{ Tof] t lzi6 / /f]Sof] . efjgfn] a;fO{ Tolt nfdf] t /fd|f] eP kqsfl/tfdf kms{g] atfP
lhk ;Fu h'Wg hfbf pgL g/fd|/L 3fOt] ljlzi6 kqsf/nfO{ yfxf eG5g\ pgL . ePg, 5f] 6 f] a;fO{ d f eSsfgf] klg pgsf] zf/Ll/s cj:yf
;+ljwfg / cu|udgk|lt b[9 5 . PsLs[t g]skf ePsf lyP . To;k5L ;'? eP kqsf/ uf]/vfsdL{n] ;xof]usf] nflu xft 5f8\g;Dd 5f8\of] . pgn] eg]sf] s'/f lbgfg' l bg lau| F b } uPsf] 5 . pgL
P]/sf sfxfnLnfUbf lbgx¿ . ld/ld/] yfKg'k¥of] . w]/} ;+3;+:yfn] ;xof]u u/] 3tnfUbf lyP . pgL eG5g\ hLjg qmdlGtsf/L kqsf/ ;+3 88]Nw'/fsf
dfcf]jfbLsf] of] b[9tfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug'e{ g]sf] g]kfnL 3fd lyof] 8fF8fFdfyL . ;w}h;f] c?sf ;Dk" 0 f{ ldl8of kqsf/ dfxf;+ 3 wfGg slQ ufx|f] k5{ d}n] w]/} eGg' 5}g, ;+of]hs ;d]t x'g\ .
hgtfnfO{ a]jf:tf ug'{ xf], b]znfO{ u2f/ ug'{ xf] . b]z
/ hgtfnfO{ u2f/ ug]x{ ¿ slxNo} klg pDsg kfpg]
;dfrf/ n]Vg] kqsf/ Tof] lbg cfkm}
;dfrf/ ag] . l/kf]l6ª ub}{ lyP,
;xof]udf h'6] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tLg
nfv ;xof]u lbg] lg0f{o u¥of] . Kn]Ajfo klqsf ca gf+uf] cf“vfn] k9\g g;lsg]
jfl;ª\ 6 g . ljZj rlr{ t klqsfdf yk /f]rs ;fdu|Lx¿;d]t
hgtfsf b' M vnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} /fhgLltssdL{n] 8]9 nfv dfq
clwsf/jfnf;Fu k'¥oflbg kl5 gx6\g] lbof] . pgL eG5g\ d} n ] kfPsf] dgf] / ~hgfTds nf] s lk| o klqsf /fvL k|sfzg ul/g] atfOPsf] pSt
5}gg\, Tof] Oltxf;n] g} atfpF5 . t;y{, b]z / hft eGg' k5{ kqsf/nfO{ . To;}u/L ;xof]udf /fhgLlts/0f eof] . @@ Kn]Ajfo cab]lv gf+uf] cfFvfn] k9\g klqsf ljZjs} cgf} F 7 f] dflgg] /
hgtfdfly 3ft gu/, u2f/ gag, zflGt, ;+ljwfg / nfluk/]sf lyP, h;/L kqsf/n] wd{ nfv vr{ ul/;Sbf pgsf] zf/Ll/s g;lsg] ePsf] 5 . cfufdL h' g
c+sb]lv pSt klqsf ly|–8L k|ljlwdf
kf7sx¿ ylkg] ljZjf;;d]t ul/Psf]
5 . o; gofF k|ljlwn] xfl;n ug]{
lgefpg'kYof]{ . glhs} 8fF8fdf ;"o{ cj:yf lgsf] x'g'sf] ;§f emg\ a9\b}
cu|udgsf nflu ;/sf/ afws gag . g]kfnL c:tfPkl5sf] 3fddf pgL cr] t uO/x]sf] 5 . 8fS6/n] cem} % nfv k| s flzt x' g ] 5 . o;/L k| s flzt nf]slk|otfnfO{ x]/L c? c+sx¿ klg
cj:yfdfg} /x] . 3/df 5f]/L afaf nfUg] atfPsf] pgL atfpF5g\ . xfn c+sx¿ k9\gsf nflu kf7sn] ly|–8L ly|–8L k|ljlwaf6 k|sfzg ug]{ jf gug]{
hgtfsf] rfxgf / ;dosf] dfu klg oxL 5 . kmls{+bf ;w}F afafsf] sfvdf /dfpg] kqsf/ P] / s~rgk' / df /x] s f] rZdf nufpg' kg]{ 5 . h'g c+sb]lv 6'+uf] nflu;s]sf] 5}g . PPkmkL
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ3

;xdltnfO{ lgn{Hhtfk"j{s
tf]8\g] sfd ePsf] 5
pgLx¿ ;xdtLoeGbf ax'dtLo k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g] w[i6tf ub}5{ g\ .
of] ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;/sf/ xf]Og, k|ltudgsf/Lx?sf]
;/sf/ xf] eGg] of] alnof] k|df0f klg xf]
xfdLn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] agfpg rfx]sf] ;+ljwfg
hgtfdfem ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf 5f}F
sf“u;
]| / Pdfn]n] ;xdltsf] ckJofVof u/]sf 5g\
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL df]xg j}B ‘ls/0f’, jl/i7 pkfWoIf– PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL
) k| w fgdGqLn]
fgdGqLn ] cljnDa km]l/ cfGbf]ngdf hfg'x'G5 < sfFu|];, Pdfn]sf ;fyLx¿n] tLg a'Fb] ) jt{ d fg ;/sf/n ] ) eg] k l5 ;/sf/sf] g] t [ T j zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fk|lt k|lta4
/fhLgfdf lbg] eg] / ut !$ sfF u | ] ; , Pdfn] n ] xfdLdfly ;xdltnfO{ uDeL/¿kdf lng'ePsf] hgcfGbf] n gsf bf] i fLx¿nfO{ ug] { a f/] klg tkfO{ + x ¿sf] ePsf] s' / f ljutsf] xfd| f ]
ut] tLg bnaLr ePsf ] ljZjf;3ft u/]/ e'mSofPsf 5g\ . xfd|f] 5} g . ;xdltnfO{ lgn{ H htfk" j { s u0ftGq lbj; kf/] / ;Ddfg kf6L{ l eq ljjfb 5} g < lqmofsnfkn] k| : 6 kf/] s f] 5 .
;xdlt cem} sfof{Gjog ePg ;+3if{ hf/L g} 5 . casf] cfGbf]ng tf]8\g] sfd ePsf] 5 . o;n] s] k'li6 u/ ] s f] 5, o; ljifodf xfd|f] kf6L{n] g]t[Tjsf] af/]df lg0f{o hgtfsf] ofjt\ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg
lg < s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ clxNo} eGg ;Sg] u5{ eg] sfFu|];, Pdfn] ;xdltsf] tkfO{ + x ¿sf] egfO s] /x] s f] ul/;s]sf] 5 . To;sf/0f o; ljifodf ug]{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] k|of; u5f}{+ /
tLg bnaLr ePsf] ;xdltsf] cj:yf 5}g . xfdL hgtfsf] dfemdf kIfdf 5}gg\ . pgLx¿ ;xdtLoeGbf 5 < s'g} ljjfb kf6L{leq 5}g . o;df xfdL ;bf k|lta4 /xG5f}F .
cfwf/df k| w fgdGqLn] tTsfn hfG5f}F / hgtfn] h:tf] u/ eG5g\, ax'dtLo k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g] o; 36gfn] of] ;/sf/ ) tkfO{ + x ¿ zflGt / ;+ l jwfg ) cGTodf cfdhg;d' b fonfO{
/fhLgfdf lbg'kYof]{ t/ Tof] x'g ;s]g . ToxLcg';f/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . cfGbf]ng w[i6tf ub}{5g\ . k|ltudgsf/Lx¿sf] ;/sf/ xf] eGg] k|:6 lgdf{ 0 fk| l t k| l ta4 x' g ' x ' G 5 s] eGg rfxg' x ' G 5 <
xfd|f] kf6L{n] sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] o:tf] cufl8 a9fpFb} hfFbf lg0ff{os x'g klg ) ;/sf/n] k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf] ePsf] 5 . of] ;/sf/ hgtfsf] ;/sf/ eGg] cfwf/x¿ s] – s] 5g\ , hgtfsf] xslxtsf] nflu P=
sfo{nfO{ ljZjf;3ft eg]sf 5f}F . of] ;S5, gx' g klg ;S5 . clxNo} :jLs[ l tlag} ;+ ; b\ s f] lxpF b ] xf]Og, k|ltudgsf/Lx¿sf] ;/sf/ xf] hgtfnfO{ k|:6 kfl/lbg';\ g < g]skf dfcf]jfbL b[9 eP/ cufl8
xfdLdflysf] ljZjf;3ft xf] . cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os x'G5 eGg ;lsg] clwj] z g ;dfkg u/] s f] 5, eGg] of] alnof] k|df0f klg xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f] kf6L{n] agfpg rfx]sf] al9/x] s f] 5 . dfcf] j fbL
) ca tkfO{ + x ¿ s;/L cufl8 cj:yf 5}g . o;n] ;/sf/ PsftkmL{ ¿ kdf ) jt{ d fg ;/sf/sf] sfo{ z } n L ;+ l jwfg hgtfdfem ;fj{ h lgs k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿, k|ltudgsf/Lx¿ /
a9\g'x'G5 t < ) k| w fgdGqLn] kfF r lbgdf cufl8 a9]sf] k|:6 ePg / < x]bf{ ylkPsf] Ps jif{df klg ul/;s]sf 5f}F of] g} xfd|f] clGtd xf]Og . oyfl:yltjfbLx¿sf ;fd' sbflk
clxn] s f] ;du| kl/l:yltsf] /fhLgfdf ug]{ cGo b'O{ a'Fbf ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿n] eGb} ;+ljwfg aGg] 5fF6sfF6 b]lvFb}g o;dfly xfdL Jofks 5nkmn u/]/ e'mSb}g . To; sf/0f s;}sf] e|ddf
cfFsng ug{ / ca s;/L cufl8 a9\g] ;xdlt sfof{ G jog ePkl5 cfPsf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿n] lg < cufl8 a9\5f}F . 5nkmn / ax;sf] gk/L ;bfsf] em}F dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;xof]u
eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o lng l5§} xfd|f] dfq xf] eGg] sfF u | ] ; / g} 6f6 kN6fPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿s} oxL k|lqmof /lx/xg] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg aLraf6 xfdL lgisif{df k'U5f}F . xfdL ug{ d clkn ub{5' .
:yfoL ;ldlt a}7s a:5 . xfdL 7f]; Pdfn] s f] ts{ 5 lg, s] of] egfOdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ljkIfL aGg ;Sb}g . of] ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgsf]
of]hgf agfP/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . kfFr lbgsf] cjlw :ki6¿kdf bnsf] dtsf] sb/ ul/G5 . p;sf] nflu xf]Og, s';L{sf] nflu dfq xf] . tLg bnaLr ePsf] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqLn]
) tkfO{+x¿nfO{ sfFu|]; / Pdfn]n] tf] l sPsf] lyPg < e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL ;a} egfO{ oxL ;/sf/ /lx/xg] xf] eg] tTsfn /fhLgfdf lbg'kYof]{ t/ Tof] x'g ;s]g. xfd|f]
ljut Ps jif{ b ] l v ljleGg sfF u | ] ; / Pdfn] n ] ;xdltsf] vf]qmf] /x]5 eGg] k'li6 clxn] ePsf] zflGtk|lqmofsf] s'g} klg d'2f cufl8
;xdltsf a' F b fdf e' m SofpF b } ckJofVof u/]sf 5g\ . !$ ut] ePsf] 5 . o;n] s] ;d]t k'li6 u/]sf] 5 eg] a9\g ;Sb}g . kf6L{n] sfFu;]| / Pdfn]sf] o:tf] sfo{nfO{ ljZjf;3ft
cfPsf lyP . clxn] klg ;Demf} t fsf] d" n l:kl/6 ;xdtLo ;+;b\jfbL Joj:yf eg]sf] ;j{;QfjfbL ) rf} t kmL{ ¿ kdf ;xdlt u/] / eg]sf 5f}F . of] xfdLdflysf] ljZjf;3ft xf] .
e'mSofPsf 5g\, ca tkfO{+x¿ k|lqmofaf6 cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg] xf] . xf] . pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 cufl8 a9 eGb} ;/sf/nfO{
kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;j{;QfjfbL eGb} ljleGg s"6gLlts
sfFu|;
] , Pdfn]n] xfdLdfly ljZjf;3ft u/]/ cfPsf 5g\, ;fFRrLs} ;j{;QfjfbL sf] lgof] u x¿n] bafa lbO/x] s f
/x] 5 eGg] s' / f clxn] ; Ddsf 5g\ t/ ;/sf/ PSnf] u/L ;/sf/df ;xefuL bnx¿n] eGb} cfPsf] ;+;bLo
e'mSofPsf 5g\ . xfd|f] ;+3if{ hf/L g} 5 . kl/36gfn] 5n{ª kf/]sf] 5 . cufl8 a9\ g ' s f] sf/0f s]
) tLg bnaLr ut !$ ut] xf] n f < Joj:yfnfO{ pgLx¿n] g} 6f6 kN6fPsf 5g\ .
casf] cfGbf]ng s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ clxNo} ePsf] tLg a'Fb] ;xdltcg';f/ of] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:tf/jfbL pgLx¿s} egfOdf ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf ljkIfL bnsf]
eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . xfdL hgtfsf] tkfO{ + x ¿n] ;] g f ;dfof] h g, zf;sju{sf] cfzLjf{b /x]sf] 5 .
dtsf] sb/ ul/G5 . p;sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . oL
3/hUuf / jfOl;Pnsf] pgLx¿nfO{ ToxL cfzLjf{b eP k'U5,
dfemdf hfG5f}+ / hgtfn] h:tf] u/ eG5g\, ljifodf :ki6 vfsf gNoP/ hgtfsf] dtna 5}g . ljZjsf cGo ;a} egfO{ vf]qmf] /x]5 eGg] k'li6 clxn] ePsf] 5 .
sfof{ G jog k| l qmof cufl8 ;d'bfo;Fu klg pgLx¿nfO{ dtna 5}g .
ToxLcg';f/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . a9\g g;s]sf] eGg] ;/sf/sf] ) tkfO{+x¿n] ljut Ps jif{b]lv
cf/f]k 5 lg < ljleGg ¿kdf cfGbf]ng ub}{
of] lans'n unt s'/f xf] . d'Vo cfpg' e of] , ha cfGbf] n g d'Vo s'/f eg]sf] kfFr lbgleq /fhLgfdf
pgLx¿n] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ s'/f eg]sf] kfFr lbgleq /fhLgfdf lg0ff{ o s df] 8 df k' U 5, ta
cfpg] xf] . t/, Tof] sfFu;
]| , Pdfn]n]
cfpg] xf] . t/, Tof] sfFu|];, Pdfn]n] tkfO{ + x ¿ ;/sf/sf ]
;j{;QfjfbL eGb} cfPsf 5g\, ;fFRrLs} sfof{ G jog u/] g g\ . k| w fgdGqLsf] cfZjf;gdf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog u/]gg\ . k|wfgdGqLsf]
;j{;QfjfbL sf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f clxn];Ddsf /fhLgfdfkl5 dfq cGo a'bF f sfof{Gjog ug' { x ' G 5, casf] cfGbf] n g
x'g] ;xdlt bnx¿aLr ePsf] xf] . s;/L cufl8 a9\ 5 < /fhLgfdfkl5 dfq cGo a'bF f sfof{Gjog x'g]
kl/36gfn] 5n{ kf/]sf] 5 . ) ca k| w fgdGqLsf] /fhLgfdf ;/sf/sf] cfZjf;geGbf klg xfdL ;xdlt bnx¿aLr ePsf] xf] .
gcfP;Dd jftf { k| l qmof d' V o lhDd] j f/ kf6L{ s f] x} l ;otn]
cufl8 a9\5 ls a9\b}g < nrs eP/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ lyof] .
jftf{sf] k|lqmof /f]lsFb}g . jft}{ To;sf/0f xfdL nrs x'Fb} cufl8
of] ;/sf/nfO{ lj:tf/jfbL zf;sju{sf] gug]{ eGg] s'/f t x'Fb}g . clxn];Ddsf] al9/x] s f 5f} F . ca xfdL xtf/df oL ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgsf] nflu xf]Og, s';L{sf] nflu dfq
cfzLjf{b /x]sf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ToxL cj:yf x]bf{ xfdLnfO{eGbf ;/sf/df lg0f{odf k'Ub}gf}F . ;du| cj:yfsf]
xf] . oxL ;/sf/ /lx/xg] xf] eg] zflGtk|lqmofsf] s'g}
;xefuL bnx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] ljZn]if0f u/]/ cufl8 a9\5f}F . ;+3if{sf]
cfzLjf{b eP k'U5, hgtfsf] dtna 5}g . 5 . xfdL ;/sf/sf] nflu dl/xQ] ¿knfO{ abNb} xfdL ca cl3 a9\5f}F . klg d'2f cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g .
ub}{gf}F . xfdL ;/n tl/sfn] cufl8 ) dfcf] j fbL kf6L { l eq
ljZjsf cGo ;d'bfo;Fu klg pgLx¿nfO{ a9\5f}F . To;sf] nflu xfd|f] af6f] k|:6 cfGbf] n gnfO{ s;/L cufl8
dtna 5}g . 5 . dfcf] j fbLsf] g] t [ T jdf /fli6« o a9fpg] eGg] a f/] ljjfb 5,
;+o'Qm ;/sf/ eGg] sfo{gLlt xfd|f] To;sf/0f cfGbf]ng lg0ff{os dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cnUofP/ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
5F b } 5 . dfcf] j fbLnfO{ cnUofP/ x'g g;s]sf] xf] elgG5 lg <
zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof s;/L of] ;xL s'/f xf]Og . x/]s lhpFbf]
lgdf{0f k|lqmof s;/L cufl8 a9\5, xfdL x]5f}+{ .
x/]s lhpFbf] kf6L{leq cGt/lj/f]w t x'G5 g} cufl8 a9\5, xfdL x]5f}{+ . casf] ah]6 kf6L{ l eq cGt/lj/f] w t x' G 5 g} casf] ah]6 s;/L kfl/t x'bF f]/x]5, Tof] klg
cGt/lj/f]wlagf kf6L{ rNg ;Sb}g . c?n] aflx/ k|rf/ s;/L kfl/t x'Fbf]/x]5, Tof] klg xfdL cGt/lj/f]wlagf kf6L{ rNg ;Sb}g .
x]5f}{+ . dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ;xdltlagf c?n] aflx/ k| r f/ u/] h :tf] xd| f ]
xfdL x]5f}+{ . dfcf]jfbL;Fusf] ;xdltlagf s'g}
u/]h:tf] xd|f] kf6L{leq cGt/lj/f]w 5}g . xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ s'g} klg k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . kf6L{ l eq cGt/lj/f] w 5} g . xfd| f ] klg k|lqmof cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . sfFu; ]| , Pdfn]
sfFu|];, Pdfn] clxn] uDeL/ ;+s6df kf6L{nfO{ ab\gfd ug{sf] nflu o:tf
ab\gfd ug{sf] nflu o:tf k|rf/afhL ePsf 5g\ . k/]sf 5g\ . k|rf/afhL ePsf 5g\ . clxn] uDeL/ ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ .
ˆ4 @)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/

hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)^& sf] k|:tfljt PsLs[t d:of}bf
PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ -u_ cGo d'ns ' sf] gful/stf Tofu]sf], JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] 5} x'g] 5}g .
-3_ sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd g]kfndf sfg"gL ¿kdf -@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g5 ] M–-s_ ljrf/
k| : tfjgf cf:yfjfg\ /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfj4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf a;f]af; u/]sf], / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
• efu !–k|f/lDes ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] . -ª_ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ cª\Ls[t gful/stf lbg] sfg"gL -v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"js { e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,
• efu @–gful/stf $= g] k fn /fHo M -!_ g] k fn :jtGq, cljefHo, Joj:yf jf k|rng ePsf] d'ns ' sf] gful/s ePsf], -u_ ;+3 ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
• efu #– df}lns xs / st{Jo ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, 5'jf5'td'Qm, ;j{;dfj]zL, -r_ c;n rfnrng ePsf] . -3_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
• efu $– /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLlt / bfloTjx¿ ;dfhjfbpGd'v, u0ftGqfTds, ax'/fli6«o /fHo xf] -%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] cª\Ls[t gful/stf -ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]jf;
• efu %– /fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] af“8kmf“8 h;nfO{ ;+lIfKtdf g]kfn elgg]5 . ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ;dIf k|:t't ug]{ :jtGqtf,
• efu ^– sfo{kflnsf -@_ g]kfn /fHoleq cg';r " L–! df pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf u/L ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]5 { . -r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / Joj;fo
• efu &– Joj:yflksf ;+3Lo OsfO{x¿ /xg]5g\ . !!= If]q ufle“bfsf] gful/stfM g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} ug]{ :jtGqtf .-5_= cfkm'dfly x'g] r/d cGofo, cTofrf/
• efu *– Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw -#_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M– -s_ of] If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a;f]jf; ePsf] JolQm k|rlnt / zf]if0f pTkL8gsf lj?4 clGtd pkfosf ¿kdf ljb|fx] sf]
• efu (– cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avtsf] If]q, / -v_ of] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g5 ] . :jtGqtf .
• efu !)– Gofokflnsf ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q . !@= j+zLo cfwf/ tyf n}l·s klxrfg;lxtsf] gful/stf t/, -!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
• efu !!– ;+j}wflgs c+ux¿ %= /fi6«efiff M -!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ M k|To]s gful/snfO{ lghsf] cfdf jf afa'sf] j+zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]]{ jf
• efu !@– /fli6«o lxtsf] ;+/If0f / cGt/f{li6«o ;DjGw /fi6«efiff x'g\ .-@_/fi6«efiffsf] ;dfg ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / cfwf/df n}lËs klxrfg ;lxtsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] ;+3Lo OsfO aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ sfo{ jf
• efu !#– /fli6«o ;'/Iff / ;]gf ljsf; ug'{ /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5 ] .-#_ k|To]s dft[efifL k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g]5 . ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfo aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf
• efu !$– /fhgLlts bn ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] eflifs klxrfg / efiff;+usf] !#= gful/stfsf] k'gM k|flKtM g]kfnL gful/stf Tofu u/L vnn kg]]{ jf hftLo e]befj jf 5'jf5'tnfO{ b'?T;fxg
• efu !%– ;+s6sfnLg Joj:yf ;DaGwnfO{ ;Ddfgk"js { cg'et" ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5 ] .- ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf lnPsf JolQmn] k'gM g]kfndf ug]{ sfo{ jf ufnL j]OHhtL, cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf
• efu !^– ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg $_ b[li6ljxLg tyf cfjfh ljxLgx¿sf] nflu j|n ] lnlk cfO{ kfFr jif{ a;f]af; u/L ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf ck/fwsf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstf
• efu !&– ;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf tyf ;f+sl] ts efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g5 ] .- Tofu u/]df klxn] h'g lsl;dsf] g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|lts'n x'g] tyf ;fdGtjfb ;fd|fHojfbsf] kIfkf]if0f ug]{
• efu !*– ljljw %_= k|To]s JolQmn] s'g} klg txsf] ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L k|bfg ul/Psf] xf] lghnfO{ ;f]xL lsl;dsf] gful/stf sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
• efu !(– kl/efiff, ;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL sfof{noaf6 cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf cfÏg} dft[efiffdf lnglbg
Hfgtfsf] ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGq g] k fnsf] ;+ l jwfg, @)^& k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
rfx]df dft[efiffdf pknJw ug{' u/fpg' /fHosf] bfloTj t/ of] Joj:yf wf/f !) sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k|bfg -@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
k| : tfjgf x'g5] . ul/Psf] cËLs[t gful/ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g . ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf ;+3Lo
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ^= /fli6«o em08f M -!_ jx'hftLo, jx'eflifs, jx'wfld{s, ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] cGt/f{li6«o Voflt
! $ =;Ddfgfy{ OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf / /fli6«o Pstf, :jfwLgtf jx';f+:s[lts / If]qLo ljljwtfo'Qm ;+3Lo ;+/rgf k|fKt JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgfy{ g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ug{ zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
Pj+ :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb}Ù g]kfnL ;dfhsf] qmflGtsf/L emNsfpg] u/L g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . ;Sg]5 . k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
¿kfGt/0f / cfd"n kl/jt{gsfnflu lg/+sz ' /fhtGqfTds -@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o em08f agfpg] tl/sf / tT;DaGwL ! % = em"6f] ljj/0f k]z u/L jf k6s k6s gful/stf 5}g .
tyf PsfTds ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4 g]kfnL hgtfn] c? ljj/0f cg';r " L–@ df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] . lng lbg gx'g]M s;}n] em"6f] ljj/0f jf jofg lbO{ jf -#_ v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf
nfdf] ;dob]lv ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf uf}/jk"0f{ ;z:q tyf &= /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o Psk6s eGbf a9L jf PseGbf a9L :yfgaf6 gful/stf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf] lj?4 hf;';L
zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng / d'VotM @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! b]lv ufg cg';r " L–# df pNn]v ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] . lng lbg x'bF g} . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf e+Ë ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] jfXo
g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]tT[ jdf ;~rflnt ;z:q hgo'4sf] -@_ g]kfnsf] lgzfgf 5fk cg';"rL–$ df pNn]v x'g5] . ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo, ;+u7g
hu tyf dfcf]jfbL–;ftkf6L{ jLr ;DkGg !@ a'bF ] ;dembf/Lsf] ePadf]lhd x'g5 ] . t/ k|df0fsf cfwf/df gful/stf k|df0f kqdf plNnlvt jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ -/fHob|fx] ug]_{ jf ;+3Lo
hudf hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq :yfkgf ug]{ Wo]osf ;fy Effu @ n]vfO jf 5kfOsf ;fdfGo q'6L ;Rofpg jf gful/stfsf] OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdfvnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf
;+rflnt P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{ gful/stf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk lng lbg o; wf/fn] /f]s nufPsf] ;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt,
s]Gb|ljGb'df /fVb}, :jfwLg / ;d'Ggt hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGq *= gful/stf dflgg] 5}g . wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf
g]kfnsf] :yfkgfsflglDt ul/Psf ;j} P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{, jlnbfg -!_= Psn ;+3Lo gful/stfsf] Joj:yfM g]kfndf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] :kli6s/0fM gful/stf ;DaGwL clen]vdf /x]sf gfd, lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
/ qmflGtx¿sf] / ljz]if u/L dxfg hgo'4, P]ltxfl;s k|bfg ug]{ u/L k|fb]lzs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn gful/stfsf] y/, 7]ufgf h:tf ljifodf /x]sf n]vfO{ jf 5kfO{ ;DaGwL g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
hgcfGbf]ng / dw]; cfGbf]ng nufotsf ;j} hgd'lQm tyf Joj:yf x'g5 ] . ;fdfGo q'l6nfO{ o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu em"6f] ljj/0f nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
/fli6«o d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf zxLb tyf j]kQf of]4fx¿sf] ljz]if -@_= g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]M{ g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] dflgg] 5}g . -$_ v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf,
:d/0f / ;Ddfg ub},{ g]kfnL ;dfh tyf /fHosf] ljBdfg b]xfosf] JolQm of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/s !^= gful/stfsf] k| d f0fkq pk/ 5fgljg ug] { M o; ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tfdf vnn kg]{ jf /fi6«sf]
cw{–cf}klgj]lzs tyf cw{–;fdGtL ;+/rgfsf] k"0f{ cGTo u/L 7xg]5 { – efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo lj?4 hf;';L ug]{ jf /fli6«o uf]Kotf eË ug]{ jf
;d'Ggt ju{ljxLg ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] lbzfdf cl3 j9\g :jfwLg -s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'bF fsf avt g]kfnsf] gful/stf ;/sf/n] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq pk/ 5fgljg g]kfnsf] jfXo ;'/Iffdf cfFr k'¥ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL
/ ;dfhjfbpGd'v hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds /fHo;Qf k|fKt JolQm, u/L u}/g]kfnLn] lnPsf] g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq /2 /fHo, ;+u7g jf k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ -/fHob|fx]
:yfkgf ug]{ P]ltxfl;s cleef/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub},{ -v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] gful/stf ug{ / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g]kfnL gful/saf6 x6fpg ;Sg]5 . ug]_{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{
;fdGtL, lg/+sz ' , s]lGb|st[ , PsfTds / lkt[;QfTds k|fKt JolQm, ful/stf sfod g/xg]M -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg
!&= gful/stf jf hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos ljå]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg
/fHoJoj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf ;j} vfn] lje]b / pTkL8gsf] -u_ o; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stf sfod /xg] 5}g– hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn
cGTo u/L b]zsf jx';V+ os pTkLl8t ju{, hflt÷hghflt, ug{ of]Uo JolQm . -s_ :j]R5fn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf kl/Tofu u/]df, kg]{ jf s]jn hflt, efiff, wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf lnËsf]
If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf ;d:ofnfO{ bL3{sfnLg 9+un] ;+jf]wg (= j++ z hsf] cfwf/df gful/stfM -!_ g]kfndf :yfoL -v_ ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]df, cfwf/df s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{
ug{ /fHo / ;dfhsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{/+ rgf ug{k' g]{ cfjZostfnfO{ a;f]af; ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf] cfwf/df -u_ o; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s s'g} gful/snfO{ hftLo, eflifs, wfld{s, ;fDk|bflos jf
jf]w ub},{ g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 – u}/g]kfnLn] g]kfnsf] gful/stf lnPsf] k|dfl0ft n}lËs cfwf/df aGb]h nufpg] jf gful/sx¿aLr
dhb"/, ls;fg nufotsf >dhLjL hgtf g} jt{dfg -s_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'bF fsf avt lghsf] afj' ePdf . lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts bn u7g ug{ jf lx+;fTds
g]kfnL ;dfhsf d'Vo rfns zlQm x'g\ eGg] oyfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft jf cfdf dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]5 eg] -@_ g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uotf k'us ] f] s'g} JolQm sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug],{ jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf]
u/L /fHosf c+ux¿df >dhLjL hgtfsf] g]tT[ jbfoL e"ldsf To:tf] JolQm, cGo d'ns ' sf] klg gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo /x]5 eg] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{d{ f dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L
;'lglZrt ug{ k|ltj4 /x“b,} -v_ ljb] z L gful/s;F u ljjfx ePsf g] k fnL To:tf] JolQmn] gful/stf k|df0fkq lng of]Uotf k'us ] f] P]g agfpg / /fi6«3ftL sfo{ ug]{ ljb]zL zlQmx¿sf]
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';fF:s[lts tyf If]qLo gful/saf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} :yfoL b'O{ jif{leq tyf gfjfns gfaflnsfsf] xsdf aflnu bnfnL ug],{ /fi6«lj/f]wL if8\oGq ug]{ jf k|ltudgsf/L
ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L b]zsf] ef}uf]lns a;f]jf; u/]sf] / cfdf jf afa'sf] gful/stfsf] ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq g]kfnsf] gful/stf g/f]hd] f sfo{ ug]{ jf To:tf sfo{ ug{ s'g} ;+/rgf jf ;+oGq
cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} pTkLl8t hflt÷hghflt / If]qx¿sf] cfwf/df ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf] To:tf] JolQm g]kfnsf] gful/s sfod /xg] 5}g . v8f ug]{ /fhgLlts bnnfO{ dgfl;j k|ltjGw nufpg]
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] gLlt / :jfoQ zf;gsf] sfo{qmdsf JolQmn] gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf !*= ljj/0f cBfjlws ug]{M g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs u/L P]g jgfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+3fTds 9f"rfdf k'g;{+/rgf ug{'kg]{ afj' jf cfdf dWo] Ps g]kfnL gful/s /x]5g\ ;DaGw sfod u/]sf ljb]zL gful/s tyf To:tf bDkQLaf6 -%_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxtdf
cfjZostfnfO{ c+uLsf/ ub},{ eg] To:tf] JolQm . hGd]sf ;Gtfgx¿sf] ljj/0f sfg"g adf]lhd cBfjlws vnn kg]{ jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn
hgtfsf] nf]stGq, jx'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds Joj:yf, -@_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] cfdf jf afa'sf] 7]ufg ul/g]5 . kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf
;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL / hg;xeflutfd"ns zf;g Joj:yf, gePsf] k|To]s gfafns gfaflnsf lghsf] cfdf jf !(= kbflwsf/Lsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ aLrsf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ jf
gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, cfly{s clwsf/ ;lxtsf] afa' kQf gnfu];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s g]kfnsf] /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«klt, ;+3Lo jf /fHo:t/sf] ck/fw ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a
dfgj clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k|; ] 7xg]5 { . Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsfsf] k|d'v / k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]
:jtGqtf, ;Ifd, lgikIf, :jtGq / hgpQ/bfoL Gofokflnsf !) c·Ls[t gful/stf;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg ;+jw} flgs cË tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo k|dv ' sf] kbdf lgjf{lrt dflgg] 5}g .
tyf sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No / k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw ePsf jf lgo'Qm x'g j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt g]kfnL -^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'–
dfGotfnfO{ cjnDjg u/L ;dfhjfbsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{ ljb]zLn] rfx]df g]kfndf sfg"gL ¿kdf kGw| jif{ a;f]af; gful/s x'g' kg]5 { . ;DaGwdf vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf]
k|ltj4 /xFbÙ} u/]sf] / ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] gful/stf Tofu u/]kl5 k|rlnt -@_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs kbdf ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n
juL{ o , hftLo, If] q Lo, eflifs, wfld{ s , n} l Ës / sfg"g adf]lhd c+uLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt ug{ lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] cËLs[t jf hGdsf cfwf/df x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/
j0f{Joj:yfhGo hftkft / 5'jf5"t nufot ;a} k|sf/sf ;Sg]5 . g]kfnL gful/stf k|fKt g]kfnL gful/s sDtLdf bz jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g}
lje]bsf] cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;DkGgtf, ;fdflhs t/ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' eGbf cufj} g]kfnL gful/s;Fu jif{ / g]kfnsf] gful/stf Tofu u/L k'gM j+zhsf] pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf, /f]huf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf
Gofo / dlxnf, blnt, d'l:nd nufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfonfO{ j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ePsf ljb]zL dlxnfn] g]kfnL cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s sDtLdf nflu s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf tf]Sg]] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0f kq lng rfx]df ljb]zL d'ns ' sf] kfFr jif{ g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] x'g' kg]5 { . nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk ub}Ù{ ;fdGtjfb / j}bl] zs x:tIf]ksf ;a}vfn] gful/stf TofUg] sf/jfxL rnfP kl5 cËLs[t g]kfnL @)= u} / cfjf;Lo g] k fnLnfO{ kl/rokq lbg ;lsg] M @ $ = ;dfgtfsf] xsM -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df
¿kx¿sf] cGTo ub}{ hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds zf;g gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 . g]kfnsf] gful/stf Tofu u/L ljb]zsf] gful/stf k|fKt ;dfg x'g5 ] g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0f /
Joj:yfsf] dfWodåf/f cu|udg ;lxtsf] lbuf] zflGt, ;d[l4 -@_ g]kfnL gful/s cfdfaf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf u/]sf g]kfnL d'nsf JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd nfeaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
/ ljsf;sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ub}{ ;dfhjfb :yfkgfsf] cfwf/ g} a;f]af; u/]sf] / afa'sf] klxrfg gePsf] JolQmn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ -@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt,
tof/ kfg{ ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t of] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L hf/L k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ kfpg] u/L u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL kl/rokq k|bfg ug{ lnË, of}lgs cled'lvs/0f, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf,
ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ . ;Sg]5 .
Effu ! ;lsg]5 . ;f] kl/rokq /fhg}lts clwsf/ jfx]ssf ;j} :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, cfly{s
-#_ ljb]zL gful/s;Fu ljjfx ePsf g]kfnL gful/saf6 clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . cj:yf, pTklQ, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf
k| f /lDes g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]jf; u/]sf] @!= sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]M gful/stf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g . t/
!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n / cfdf jf afa'sf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/df ljb]zL k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g5 ] . cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf ;fF:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf
sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf] d'ns' sf] gful/stf k|fKt gu/]sf] JolQmn] k|rlnt efu– # dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw]zL, ls;fg,
xb;Dd cdfGo x'g5 ] . sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt df} l ns xs / st{ J o dhb' / , pTkLl8t If] q , d' l :nd, lk58f ju{ ,
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ / ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -s_ df} l ns xs cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGts[t, nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo jf ljkGg
bfloTj k"/f ug'{ ;a}sf] st{Jo x'g5] . -$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 g]kfnsf] cfly{s jf
@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf @ @ = ;Ddfgk"j{s af“Rg kfpg] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ju{, o'jf, afnaflnsf, h]i7 gful/s, n}lËs tyf
;fdflhs pGgltdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] ljb]zLnfO{ ;Ddfgk"js { afFRg kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, czQm jf
g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf]5 . cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm b]xfosf zt{ / cj:yf k"/f -@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ oftgf, j]kQf jf cGo s'g} klg c;xfo gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;sf]
-@_ g]kfnL hgtfn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qfsf] u/]sf] cfwf/df k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo lsl;daf6 x'g] xTof jf d[To'b08 lj?4sf] xs x'g5 ] . nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf]
k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhd ug]5 { g\ . ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5–
#= /fi6« M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';fF:s[lts, x'g5] . s;}nfO{ klg d[To' b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L dflgg] 5}g .
-s_ g]kfnL jf g]kfndf k|rlnt cGo s'g} efiff s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g . :ki6Ls/0f M o; efu tyf efu $ -/fHosf] lgb]z { s
ljifd ef}uf]lns ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf] af]Ng / n]Vg hfg]sf], @ # = :jtGqtfsf] xsM -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æljkGgÆ
/fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt -v_ g]kfndf s'g} Joj;fo ul/a;]sf],
@)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/ ˆ5
eGgfn] cf};t u/LaL eGbf d'lgsf gful/sx¿nfO{ Joj:yfdf tTsfn u+eL/ vnn kfg]{ / zq' /fHosf] -$_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ -(_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afnd}qL Gofosf] xs x'g5 ] .
hgfpFg5 ] . gful/s afx]s cGo JolQmsf xsdf gh/aGb /x]sf] dft[efiffdf lzIff k|bfg ug]{ u/L ljBfno tyf z}lIfs -!)_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:yltsf, ckfËtf ePsf,
-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, JolQmsf] l:yltsf] af/]df lghsf kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt, Pj+ hf] l vddf /x] s f
lnË, of}lgs cled'lvs/0f, zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckfËtf, hfgsf/L lbOg]5 . #*= efiff tyf ;+:s[lt;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQm / afnafflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf
:jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf, pTklQ, -#_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff k|of]u ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .
efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} ablgotk"js { s;}nfO{ gh/aGb /fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf] -@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] ;fF:s[lts -!!_ pkwf/f -%_, -^_, -&_ / -*_ adf]lhdsf sfo{
cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g . JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g5 ] g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}lËs cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf #)= 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xsM -!_ s'g} klg -#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6 plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g . JolQmnfO{ ju{, ln+u, hft, hflt, pTklQ, ;d'bfo, k]zf cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / x'g5 ] .
-%_ k'Vof}n { L ;Dkltdf ljgf n}lËs e]befj ;a} ;Gtfgsf] jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5't jf ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{] xs x'g5 ] . $^= blnt ;d' b fo ;DaGwL xs M blnt ;d' b fosf]
;dfg xs x'g5 ] . t/ afa'cfdfn] OR5fPsf] cj:yfdf e]befj ul/g] 5}g . -$_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ snf / ;flxTo l;h{gf ug],{ To;sf] cfly{s, /fhg}lts, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs Pj+ ;fdflhs If]qdf
jfx]s To:tf] ;DklQdf afa'cfdfsf] z]if kl5 dfq} -@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ ljsf; ug],{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] af}l4s ;Dkbfsf] lgDgfg';f/ ljz]ifflwsf/ /xg]5 M
;Gtfgsf] xs nfUg]5 . To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ tyf ;f]af6 nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . != hft, ;d'bfo, j+z jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg
@%= cfd;~rf/;DaGwL xs xsM -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf #(= /f]f] h uf/L ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k| T o] s gful/snfO{ JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg :yfgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't
tyf 5fkf nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g5 ] . /f]huf/Lsf zt{ / cj:yf sfg"gåf/f / e]befj ul/g]5g} . To:tf] Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj?4sf]
;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o, >Jo, >Job[io JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g . lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g5 ] . h3Go ;fdflhs ck/fw dflgg]5 . kLl8t JolQmn]
;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ -#_ s'g} ju{, ln+u, hft, hflt, pTklQ jf zf/Ll/s -@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs sfg'g4f/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .
jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .t/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«otf, cj:yfsf JolQm jf ;d'bfonfO{ pr jf gLr bzf{pg], x'g5 ] . @= ;/sf/L, cw{–;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L pBf]u / cf}Bf]lus
;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ;+3Lo OsfO aLrsf] ;'– hft, hflt jf 5'jf5'tsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ -#_ k|To]s a]/f]huf/ gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP k|lti7fgx¿df ;dfg'kflts 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf] k|Tofe"lt
;DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf 5'jf5't tyf hftLo pRrtf adf]lhd eQf kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . ul/g]5 .
aLrsf] ;'–;DaGwdf vnn kg],{ /fHob|fx] , em"6f] ;fdu|L jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ jf $)= >d;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d #= blntsf] k/Dk/fut k];fhGo cfw'lgs Joj:yfdf
k|sfzg jf k|zf/0fåf/f JolQmsf] ;fdflhs dof{bfdf cfFr hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn] k|fT] ;fxg ug{ cEof; / >d;DjGwL cfjZos k|fljlws nufot cGo blntnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 / tbg'¿ksf] ;f]r tyf
k'¥ofpg] jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{ kfOg] 5}g . lzIff jf tflndsf] xs x'g5 ] . ;|ft] pknJw u/fOg]5 .
b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstf k|lts'n -$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5't u/L jf gu/L tyf s'g} -@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ ;Ddflgt hLjg ofkgsf nflu $= /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ hldg pknJw u/fpg]5 .
/ 5'jf5't Pj+ hftLo tyf n}lËs e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg JolQmnfO{ lghsf] OR5f ljkl/t sfddf nufpg jf plrt kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] %= cfjf; gePsf blntnfO{ cfjf;sf] Joj:yf /fHon]
ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg sfo{:yndf s'g} k|sf/sf] lje]b ug{ kfOg] 5}g . xs x'g5 ] . u/fpg]5 .
/f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -%_ 5'jf5't tyf e]befjhGo ;a} k|sf/sf sfo{ h3Go -#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ 6«8] o'lgog vf]Ng], To;df ;xefuL ^= blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fyldsb]lv pRr lzIff;Dd
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs ck/fwsf] ¿kdf sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g5 ] g\ x'g] tyf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fd'lxs 5fqj[lQ;lxt lgz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{sf] ;f}bfafhL ug{] / x8tfn ug{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] .-$_= k|fljlws pRr lzIffdf blntsf] nflu sfg'g4f/f
jfkt To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf xs x'g5 ] . ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq ;j} txdf cfjZos ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
5fKg], /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} #!= ;DklQ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt >d cbfntsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . &= blntx¿sf] ;fdflhs k|ultsf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo /
lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/ sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug],{ ef]u ug],{ $!= :jf:Yo;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ lgMz'Ns /f]huf/Ldf ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;fy} cfly{s
dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g . a]rlavg ug],{ Joj;flos nfe k|fKt ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg pkfh{g ug]{ ;f]r / >f]t pknJw u/fpg] Joj:yf
-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . cfsl:ds :jf:Yo ;]jfaf6 al~rt ul/g] 5}g . ul/g]5 .
s'g} ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg u/] jfkt s'g} -@_ /fHon] JolQmsf] ;DklQdf cfjZostf cg';f/ -@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yosf] xs x'g5 ] . *= ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs, :yfgLo / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf /fhg}lts
;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, hkmt jf btf{ k|ultzLn s/ nufpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;"lrt :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] xs x'g5 ] . lgsfodf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df blntsf] ;dfg'kflts
vf/]h ul/g] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo -#_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] -$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'r F sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
x'g]5 / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt ;DklQ clwu|x0f ug],{ k|fKt ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ xs x'g5 ] . (= lghfdlt, ;]jf, ;]gf, k|x/L nufot /f]huf/Lsf cGo
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ -%_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{df If] q df blntsf] ;zlQms/0f, k| l tlglwTj /
-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|zf/0f 5}g .t/ s'g} klg JolQmsf] cg'Tkfbs ;DklQ jf kx'r F sf] xs x'g5 ] . ;xeflutfsf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df
tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf ;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 lghn] u}/sfg"gL ¿kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf] xsdf $@= vfB;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y / sfg'g4f/f ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
ul/g] 5}g . of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g . :jR5 vfBfGg k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ x'g5 ] . !)= blnt ;d'bfosf] afx'Notf /x]sf :yfgLo lgsfodf
@^= Gofo;DaGwL xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp -$_ qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu e"ldxLg ls;fg -@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ /xg]5 . To:tf]
ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g . tyf ;'sD' af;Lx¿nfO{ ljt/0f ug{ hdLg clwu|x0f hf]lvddf kg]{ cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g5 ] . /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf b'O sfo{sfnkl5
-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g} ubf{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg /fHo jfWo x'g] 5}g . -%_ e"ldsf] -#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|et' fsf] :jtM lgliqmo x'g5 ] .
cfk"mn] /f]hs ] f] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f xs x'g5 ] . vfB;Dk|et' fsf] /Iffsfnflu k|To]s JolQm !!= blnt ;d'bfon] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df kxf8L
xs x'g5 ] . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu / Joj;flos/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf ;d' b fonfO{ vfB pTkfbg;+ u ;DjlGwt blnt, dw];L blnt / blnt dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts
u/]sf] k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / tyf zx/L ljsf; ug{ /fHon] sfg"g agfO{ e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLn e"ld / k/Dk/fut jLpljhg nufotsf k|ltlglwTj u/fOg]5g\ .
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f k'kI{ f lgodg / Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;|ft] ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / pkef]usf] clwsf/ $&= kl/jf/;DaGwL xs M -!_ s;}n] klg PseGbf a9L
ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf #@= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] x'g5 ] . klt jf kTgL /fVg kfpg] 5}g .
/x]sf] u}/g]kfnL gful/s / zq' /fHosf] gful/ssf] cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] $#= cfjf;;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :j:y -@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ljjfx ug{
xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g . tyf s'g} wd{af6 cnu /xg] :jtGqtf x'g5 ] .t/ s;}n] dof{lbt j;f]jf;sf nflu cfjZos cfjf;sf] xs x'g5 ] . kfpg] tyf ;DaGw ljR5]b ug{ kfpg] :jtGqtf
:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g klg ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ / g}ltstf k|lts"n -@_ sfg"g adf]lhd cTofjZos ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu x'g5 ] .
Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt eË ug]{ s[ofsnfk ug{ u/fpg / j}slNks j;f]jf;sf] Joj:yf u/]/ afx]s s'g} klg -#_ ljjfx ug]{ kIfsf] OR5f ljkl/t jf k"0f{ / :jtGq
ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpg]5 . jf s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg jf csf{sf] wd{df vnn gful/snfO{ jf;:yfgaf6 x6fOg] jf ;f] pk/ s'g} ;xdlt ljgf ljjfx u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf kg{] s'g} sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ u/fpg kfpg] 5}g . cltqmd0f ul/g] 5}g . -$_ ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDklQsf] ;dfg
:yfgaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f -@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd cfˆgf] $ $$== dlxnf;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}lËs xs x'g5 ] .
x]g{] clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{5 ] / To:tf] :jtGq cl:tTj sfod /fvL cfˆgf] wfld{s :yn / lje]b ljgf ;dfg j+zLo xs x'g5 ] . -%_ ;Gtfgsf] kfng kf]if0f, :ofxf/ ;+ef/ tyf ;jf{lË0f
clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g5 ] . -@_ dlxnf lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] n}lËs e]befj ul/g] ljsf;sf nflu cfdf afa'sf] ;dfg clwsf/ / bfloTj
JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf ##= ;"rgfsf] xsM k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs 5}g . x'g5 ] ;fy} cleefjssf] ;Ddfg / kfngkf]if0f ug]{
/flvPsf] JolQm / zq' /fHosf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / k|fKt ug]{ xs -#_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg ;DaGwL lg0ff{os xs x'g5 ] . k|To]s ;Gtfgsf] clwsf/ / bfloTj x'g5 ] .
pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g . x'g5] . :t/ sfg"gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L -$_ dlxnf lj?4 /fhg}lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, ;fdflhs, -^_ pkwf/f -!_ / pkwf/f -#_ ljkl/tsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd lbg s;}nfO{ s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g . ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df b08gLo x' g ] 5 .-&_= o; wf/fdf pNn] l vt
u/] jfkt s'g} JolQm ;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5}g / s'g} #$= uf]kgLotfsf] xsM s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j1} flgs jf cGo clwsf/x¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsfnflu ;j} txdf
klg JolQmnfO{ s;'/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/, rl/q ;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf] s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g] 5}g . 5'§} kfl/jfl/s Ohnf; jf cbfntsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . uf]kgLotf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cgltqmDo o:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g5 ] / kLl8t $*= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xsM -!_ ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] x'g5
] . JolQmnfO{ plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . kfl/Psf dlxnf, blnt, dw]zL, cflbjf;L, hghflt,
s;'/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;'/bf/ dflgg] 5}g . #%= zf] i f0flj?4sf] xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f -%_ dlxnf ;d'bfonfO{ /fHo ;+oGqsf ;a} c+u, lgsfo cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGts[t, d'l:nd, n}lËs tyf of}lgs
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;'/df Ps lj?4sf] xs x'g5 ] . / If]qdf ;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df Ifltk"lt{ cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, o'jf, k5fl8
k6seGbf a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . -@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} ;lxt ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g5 ] . Ifltk"lt{ ;DjGwL kfl/Psf ju{, ls;fg / dhb"/ ju{ tyf pTkLl8t If]qnfO{
-&_ s'g} s;'/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf]lj?4 cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] zf]if0f Joj:yf sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd x'g5 ] . -^_ ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
jf]Ng, n]Vg, ;fIfL x'g jf ;xL5fk ug{ s/ nufOg] ug{ kfOg] 5}g . k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /]fhuf/L / ;fdflhs ;+/rgf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g5 ] .
5}g . -#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg ;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if clwsf/ -@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ubf{ cfly{s ¿kn]
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] kfOg] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g5 ] . o;df ljkGg ju{sf dlxnfnfO{ k|fyldstf ljkGg gful/snfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . x'g5] / kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 plrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] k|bfg ul/g]5 . -#_ ljkGg ju{, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / ;Ifd cbfnt xs x'g5 ] . $%= afnaflnsf ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d'bfosf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f /
jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'gj' fOsf] xs x'g5 ] . -$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg cfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt gfdfs/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L,
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;xfotf kfpg] kfOg] 5}g .t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] x'g5] . vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf
xs x'g5 ] . ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{ clgjfo{ -@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
@&= ck/fwsf kLl8tsf] xsM -!_ ck/fwsf kLl8tnfO{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] :jf:Yo, kfng kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/, v]ns'b, -$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ s[lif sfo{sf] nflu e"lddflysf]
cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg txlssft tyf dflgg] 5}g . dgf]/~hg tyf JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g5 ] . xs, k/Dk/fut ¿kdf k|of]u / cjnDjg ul/Psf]
sf/jfxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . -%_ /fHon] of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 dlxgfleq o; -#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt :ofxf/ ;lxtsf] :yfgLo aLp lahg / s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 / ;+/If0fsf]
-@_ ck/fwsf kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs wf/fdf plNnlvt pTkLl8t / zf]if0f lj?4sf xsx¿sf] k|f/lDes afnlasf;sf] xs x'g5 ] . xs, s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No / ahf/df
k'g:y{fkgf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsfnflu ;j} txdf 5'§} Ohnf; -$_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] xs kx'r F sf] xs tyf ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf] nflu
@*= oftgflj?4sf] xsM -!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf jf cbfntsf] Joj:yf ug]5 { . x'g5 ] . ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
k'kI{ fsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf /x]sf] #^= jftfj/0f;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :j:y, -%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf -%_ cflbaf;L, hghfltnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt efiff
s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf :jR5 / lbuf] jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . o:t} cGo hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g . tyf ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g / ljsf; ug]{ tyf
lgh;Fu lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] -@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf b'ik|efjaf6 -^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afnljjfx, u}/sfg"gL ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf] nflu k|fyldstfsf ;fy
5}g . ;'/lIft /xg kfpg] cg'sn ' gsf] xs x'g5] . cf];f/k;f/ / ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg] ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo -#_ jftfj/0fLo k|bi' f0f jf ¥xf;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt kLl8tnfO{ 5}g . cflbjf;L, hghflt ;d'bfonfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf]
x'g5] / To:tf] Jojxf/af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ plrt sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{] xs x'g' 5 ] . -&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q jndf clwsf/sf] ;}4flGts :jLs[lt ;lxt :jzf;g /
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . #&= lzIff ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ dft[efiffdf egf{ jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;fF:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf] :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ tyf :jtGq, k"0f{ / ;';l" rt
@(= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsM -!_ g]kfn /fHosf] sDtLdf k|fylds lzIff kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . gfddf s'g} klg dfWod jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff ;xdltsf] xs x'g5 ] .
;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf -@_ k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns x'g5 ] . k|To]s jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g} k|sf/sf] -^_ cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg sfod /fvL
tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gful/snfO{ pRr dfWolds tx;Dd lgMz'Ns lzIff zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g . ;fdflhs / ;+f:s[lts clwsf/ k|of]usf nflu ljz]if
gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g . kfpg] xs x'g5 ] . -*_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo cj;/ tyf nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-@_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tfdf vnn -#_ ljkGg ju{sf gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP h'g;'s} :yfg / cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf -&_ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;}4flGts
kfg],{ ;fDk|bflos bËf km}nfO{ ;fj{hlgs zflGt / adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg] 5}g . :jLs[lt ;lxt :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ x'g5 ]
ˆ6 @)^& ;fn h]7 @# ut] cfOtaf/
/ cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf / Pj+ l;4fGt x'g5 ] . -!%_ 6]8« o'lgogsf] df}lns xs
cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg ljt/0f
tyf ;f] ;d'bfo leqsf ljkGg
/fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff ug',{
-v_ d' n ' s sf ;+ j ] b gzLn
-%_ s[lif, jg, hn / k|s[ltsf
cg'kd j/bfg;flat lxdfno
cGtu{t cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf
Joj:yfkg lgsfodf
l;h{gfsf y'·f
a9f/f}+ ;asf ;a
/ lk58f ju{sf] / dlxnfsf] ljifox¿;+ u ;DjlGwt >[ªv \ nfx¿sf] kof{j0fLo ;+/If0f dh' b /x¿sf] ;d' l rt
;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f / uf]kgLotf sfod /fVg', / ;Da4{g Pj+ ljZj hnjfo' k| l tlglwTj ;' l glZrt ug] {
ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if cj;/ -u_ hgtfsf] nf]stGq, dfgj kl/jt{gsf k|lts"n c;/x¿sf] /fHosf] >d gLlt x'g5 ] .
/ nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . clwsf/, zflGt, cu|ufdL k|efjsf/L cg'sn " gdf cfwfl/t -!^_ /fHoleqsf ;a} k|fs[lts
-*_ pTkLl8t If]qsf gful/ssf] kl/jt{g / ljsf;sf] kIfdf :yfgLo, If]qLo tyf /fli6«o >f] t / ;fwg /fHosf] dgf]x/ nfld5fg]
;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zlQms/0f, ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] kfngf cfTdlge{ / pBf] u wGbf / :jfldTjdf /xg] /fHosf] gLlt
ljsf; / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ug'{, ko{6gh:tf ;]jf pBf]ux¿sf] x'g5 ] .
gofF g]kfnsf] cfzf
kl/k"lt{sf] nflu ljz]if cj;/
/ nfe k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] .
-3_ b] z n] rfx] s f jvt
clgjfo{ ;] j f ug' { ,
lbuf] Pj+ ;Gt'lnt ljsf; ub}{
d' n ' s nfO{ qmdzM pTkfbg,
-!&_ dfgj lgld{ t pTkfbg,
ljlgdo, ljt/0f / pkef]u
t'lxg] ue{d} xf] ls <
-(_ ckfËtf ePsf JolQmnfO{
ljljwtfsf] klxrfg ;lxt
;f]sfnflu k|To]s !* jif{
gf3]sf :j:y gful/sn]
ljlgdo, ljt/0f tyf pkef]usf
;a} If]qdf oflGqsLs/0f /
nufot c? ;a} >f]t ;fwgx¿
/fHo, ;fd'lxs, ;xsf/L /
df5f]df5f] egL nfUbf,
dof{ b f / cfTd;Ddfgk" j { s
hLjg ofkg ug{ kfpg] /
/fi6« s f] /Iffsfnflu
clgjfo{ ;}lgs tflnd ug'{
:jrfng /fHosf] cf}Bf]lus gLlt
tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] .
JolQmut ¿kdf /xg] /fHosf]
gLlt x'g5 ] .
Eofu'tf] kfOg] xf] ls <
;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf -ª_ ;fj{hlgs tyf /fli6«o -^_ dfgjclwsf/, >d tyf -!*_ g]kfnnfO{ oflGqlss/0f, 5fF6sfF6 ;a} p:t},
;dfg kx'r F sf] xs x'g5 ] . ;DklQsf] ;+ / If0f / jftfj/0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o :jrfngsf] lbzfdf n}hfgsf
-!)_ k|To]s o'jfnfO{ jf}l4s, g}lts ;Da4{g ug',{ sfg'g, gLlt tyf l;4fGtdf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljleGg /fhf 1fg]Gb| hlQs}
/ zf/Ll/s ;zlQms/0f / -r_ sfg"g adf]lhd s/ ltg',{ cfwfl/t ;dfhjfbpGd' v :t/sf bIf k|fljlws tyf lj1
ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, -5_ b] z , ;dfh / cGo pTkfbgk|0ffnL / ;DaGwsf] hgzlQm lgdf{0f x'g] ul/ xfnsf] s';L{sf] df]xdf lnKt
/f]huf/L, v]ns'b nufotsf JolQmsf] clwsf/df ljsf;sf nflu :jb]zL >d, lzIff gLltdf k'g/;/rgf ug'{
If]qdf ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ub}{ cf3ft gk'Ug] u/L cfˆgf] ;|ft] , 1fg, k|ljlw / ahf/nfO{ /fHosf] lzIff gLlt x'g5 ] . rf6'tf klg plQs} ..
JolQmTj ljsf;sf] xs x'g] tyf :jtGqtf / clwsf/sf] pRr k|fyldstf lbFb} /fi6« / -!(_ /fli6«o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iff,
/fHosf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;df k|of]u ug',{ hgtfsf] /fli6«o cfjZostf / ;d'Ggt / Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] /}tLsf 9fF6j ' f /fhf,
of]ubfgsf nflu /fhgLlts, -h_ >dsf] ;Ddfg ug',{ k|fyldstfdf cfwfl/t afXo lgdf{0f / tLj| cfly{s–;fdflhs
cfly{s, ;fdflhs ;xeflutfsf -em_ cfdf, afa', afnaflnsf, k'lF h, nufgL / k|ljlwnfO{ klg ¿kfGt/0fsf] cleofgdf 9fF6c
] f} 5n5fdd},
cj;/sf] xs x'g5 ] . h] i 7 gful/s, dlxnf, ;xof]lusf] ¿kdf cfTd;ft ug'{ o'jfzlQmnfO{ kl/rflnt ug{
-!!_ ljutdf ePsf ;a} czQm tyf c;xfo, /fHosf] k'h F L / nufgL;DaGwL cfjZos gLlt tyf of]hgf hgtfsf 9F6j ' f g]tf,
hgcfGbf]ng, hgo'4 / dw]z ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf gLlt tyf l;4fGt x'g5 ] . lgdf{ 0 f / sfof{ G jog ug] {
cfGbf]ngsf qmddf ePsf zlxb dfgj ;d' b fok| l t -&_ s[ l if If] q df ljBdfg ;a} /fHosf] o' j f;DjGwL gLlt dVv 5g\ cem plQs} ..
kl/jf/, a] k Qf kfl/Psf cfjZostf / cj:yf k|sf/sf ;fdGtL pTkfbg;DaGw x'g5 ] .
JolQmsf kl/jf/, ckfË / cg';f/ kfngkf]if0f tyf / To;sf cjz]ifx¿sf] pGd"ng %%= /fHosf bfloTjx¿M -!_ o;
a]OdfgL 5nL p:t} ,
3fOt]nfO{ /fHosf ;a} ;+oGqdf
;xeflutf, ;/sf/L /
cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug',{
efu $
ub}{ h;sf] hf]t p;sf] kf]t
sfod ug]{ /fHosf] qmflGtsf/L
;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt df}lns xs,
/fHosf lgb]z { s l;4fGt tyf gLlt
p:t} /f}b| ldhf; g},
;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf ljz]if ;'ljwf,
lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/, cfjf;,
/fHosf lgb] { z s l;4fGt,
gLlt tyf bfloTjx¿
e"ld;'wf/ gLlt tyf l;4fGt
x'g5 ] .
/ cGo k| f jwfgx¿sf] l56f] /
5l/tf]¿kdf k|efjsf/L kfngf /
d:t 5g\, s';L{df lnKt,
;fdflhs ;' / Iff, /fxt /
lgj[Qe/0fsf] xs x'g5 ] .-!@_=
%$= /fHosf lgb] { z s l;4fGt tyf
gLltM Plss[t, ;di6Lut, ;jf{l+ u0f
-*_ cfGtl/s tyf afXo
k|lt:kwf{Tds nufgLdf g]kfndf
sfof{Gjog /fHosf] bfloTj x'g5
-@_ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx¿nfO{ cfGtl/s
] . gtd:ts ljb]zLd} ..
cflbjf;L–hghflt / :yfgLo tyf ;+Gt'lnt gLlt tyf l;4fGtdf pknAw hn;|ft] , hnljB't / tyf afXo ;a} If]q / lgsfodf x¿jf b]z xfFSb}5g\,
;d'bfonfO{ e"ld / k|fs[lts cfwfl/t x'b+ } /fHosf lgb]z { s gLlt cGo :jR5 j}slNks pmhf{sf] x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf e]befj,
;Dkbfdfly cu|flwsf/sf] xs tyf l;4fGtx¿ b] x foadf] l hd ljsf;, ljt/0f / ;j{;'ne zf]if0f / bdgsf] lgoGq0f Pj+ lhTg] 5g\, k|ltkIfdf
x'g5] . x'g5
] g\M d" N odf ;dfg kx' F r tyf lg/fs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o tyf
$(= ;fdflhs ;' / Iff;DaGwL xsM -!_ ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{df cfwfl/t g]kfndf jf g]kfn x'Fb} aUg] cGt/f{ l i6« o txdf ljleGg ljb]zL af3] gª\uf| n]
ljkGg ju{, czQm, c;xfo, c;xfo ;fdGtjfb tyf cfGtl/s tyf cGt/f{ l i6« o sfg'gL, k|zf;lgs tyf Goflos
cj:yfdf /x] s f Psn dlxnf, ;fd|fHojfblj/f]wL ;d'Ggt, gbLx¿dflysf] jt{dfg Pj+ sbdx¿ rfNg' /fHosf]] bfloTj lyRb}5 dbd:tLdf ..
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm, afnaflnsf, ;d[ 4 Pj+ ;dfhjfbpGd' v efjL pkof]u / pkef]udfly x'g5 ] .
h]i7 gful/s, cfˆgf] x]/rfx cfkm} ;dfhsf] lgdf{ 0 fsf nflu g]kfnsf] cu|flwsf/;lxt t6Lo -#_ cfh;Dd ePsf ljleGg l/lQFbf] b]zsf] rfnf,
ug{ g;Sg] JolQm tyf nf]kf]Gd'v cfTdlg0f{ o sf] clwsf/, d' n ' s x¿;F u sf] ;+ o ' Q m hg;3if{ , hgcfGbf] n g /
hfltsf gful/snfO{ ;fdflhs :jfoQtf / :jzf;g;lxt hn;xsfo{ tyf hn;|f]t / hgo'4sf qmddf zxfbt k|fKt ;d:of lbglbg ca,
;'/Iffsf] xs x'g5 ] . ;j{;dfj]zL, ;dfg'kflts Pj+ hnljB'tsf] ljsf;, ljt/0f / u/]sf, oftgf jf a]kQf kfl/Psf,
%)= pkef] Q mfsf] xs xsM -!_ k| T o] s k|ToIf nf]stGqdf cfwfl/t pkef]udf cfGtl/s ahf/nfO{ u} / Goflos xTofsf] lzsf/ n'6b\ 5} g\ hggL xfd|L,
pkef]QmfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf ;xeflutfd" n s hgtfsf] klxnf] k|fyldstf g]kfnsf] ePsf tyf cGo ljleGg
;]jf k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g5 ] . ;+ 3 Lo u0ftGqfTds hn;|ft] Pj+ pmhf{ gLlt tyf lsl;dn] 3fOt] , czQm / k/rqmLx¿ ;a ..
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kl5 klg ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKgsf cGttM g]sfF / Pdfn]n] ;xdltsf nflu åGåaf6 lgsf; lbg s] ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5, hgtfn] tkfO{+x¿sf] oxL /a}ofnfO{ s7\k'tnL ag]/ slt lbg;Dd gfRg]
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