Jofkfl/s >[+vnfsf]

nflu af}l4s ;DklQ c+s M @

of]Uo b]lvg'
;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] nflu
cf}Bf]lus l8hfOgsf]
kl/ro

ljZj af}l4s
;DklQ ;+u7g
 Jofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQ >[+vnfsf k|sfzgx¿M—
!= lrGxsf] lgdf{0f M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu Jofkf/ lrGxsf] kl/ro . WIPO
sf] k|sfzg gDa/ ())
@= of]Uo b]lvg' M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] kl/ro . WIPO
sf] k|sfzg gDa/ $(* .
#= eljiosf] lgdf{0f M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k|sfzg ;DaGwL ljz]ifflwsf/sf]
kl/ro . WIPO sf] k|sfzg gDa/ (!& .
$= /rgfTds cleJolQm M ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf nflu k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/sf]
kl/ro . WIPO sf] k|sfzg gDa/ (!* -cfufdL k|sfzg_

pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ k|sfzgx¿ WIPO ljB'tLo k':ts k;nsf] WWW.wipo.int/ebookshiop

df k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

b|i6Jo M o; lbUbz{gdf ;dflxt ePsf ;"rgfx¿ Jofj;flos sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf] ;§f k|of]u
x'g] geO{ ;DalGwt ljifoj:t' dfly cfwf/e"t ;"rgf, pknAw u/fpg' /x]sf] 5 .

k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/

of] k':tsdf ePsf s'g} klg c+z cWoog cg'R5]b k|sfzssf] lnlvt cg'dlt lagf 5fKg,
5kfpg tyf k|sfzg ug{ kfOg] 5}g . 5kfpg cGo efiffdf cg'jfb ug{ tyf k|sfzg ug'{ k/]df
k|sfzg ;DaGwL ;jf{lwsf/ wgL;Fu cg'dlt lng'kg]{5 .

of] k':tsdf ePsf s'g} klg c+z ;jf{lwsf/ wgLsf] :jLs[lt lagf ljB'tLo jf oflGqs ta/af6
k'g?Tkfbg jf ljt/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
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 e"ldsf
of] lgb]{lzsf æJofkf/sf nflu af}l4s ;DklQÆ >[+vnfsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf]
k|sfzg xf] . of] lbUbz{g cf}Bf]lus l8hfogdf s]lGb|t 5 . h'g pTkflbt
j:t'sf] ;kmntf lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|d'v tTj xf] .

af}l4s ;DklQ sfg"gdf cf}Bf]lus l8hfog pTkflbt j:t'sf] ;'Gb/tf jf

aflx/L cfs[lt;Fu ;DalGwt /xG5 . cf}Bf]lus l8hfogn] pTkflbt j:t'nfO{
cfsif{s agfpFb5 jf pkef]Qmfk|lt lrQfsif{s agfpFb5 / pkef]Qmfsf]
b[li6nfO{ lrQfsif{s agfpg' Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ tTj xf] . o;n] pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{
pTkflbt j:t' 5gf]6 ug{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5 . cf}Bf]lus l8hfogn]
sDkgLx¿nfO{ cGo k|lt:kwL{ sDkgLåf/f pTkflbt j:t'nfO{ cfkm\gf] sDkgLn]
pTkfbg u/]sf] j:t'nfO{ 5'6\ofpg ;xof]u ub{5 / ltgLx¿sf] pTkflbt
j:t'sf] jr{Zj sfod /fVg d2t ub{5 . To; sf/0f cf}Bf]lus l8hfognfO{
plrt ;+/If0f k|bfg ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 .

;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0fsf] kl/ro u/fpg

of] lbUbz{gnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of] lbUbz{gdf k|Zg pQ/ / ;+/lIft
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] pbfx/0f / lrqfTds b[i6fGt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;xsfo{df of] lbUbz{gsf] /fli6«o ;+:s/0f tof/ ug{
;lsg] 5 / :yfgLo ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ WIPO df ;Dks{ /fvL lbUbz{gsf]
k|ltlnlk lng k|f]T;fxg ul/G5 .

sldn Ob|L;
dxflgb]{zs -WIPO_

!
 ljifo;"rL
k]h

!= cf}Bf]lus l8hfog #

@= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ^

#= ljb]zL l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f !%

$= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] sfof{Gjog !*

%= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu

cGo sfg"gL kxnx? @!
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@
!= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogx? v]nf}gf, d]r, 6]an, ljB'tLo cf}hf/, uf8L, lzNkljBf
;DaGwL l8hfog, 6]S;6fOnsf l8hfogb]lv
cf}Bf]lus l8hfog eg]sf] s] xf] < v]ns"bsf ;fdfgx¿l;t klg ;DalGwt 5 .
;fdfGo af]nrfnsf] efiffdf cf}Bf]lus l8hfogn] ;fdfGo lgodfg';f/ cf}Bf]lus l8hfogdf lgDg
;fdfGotof pTkflbt j:t'sf] ;du| :j?k / ;dfj]z x'G5g\ .
lqmofsnfknfO{ hgfpFb5 . s'g} klg xft]s; ' L{ · lq–cfoflds :j?k h:t} s'g} pTkflbt
a:bfdf cf/fdbfoL / x]bf{ /fd|f] nfUb5 eg] To; j:t'sf] cfsf/,
cj:yfdf Tof] xft]s;' L{ c;n cf}Bf]lus l8hfog · lå–cfoflds :j?k h:t} s'g} pTkflbt
ePsf] dflgG5 . Jofkf/sf] nflu s'g} pTkfbgsf] j:t'sf] cn+sfl/tf, cfsf/, lrGx jf /+u,
l8hfog tof/ ug'{ eg]sf] Tof] pTkfbgsf] lqmofTds · Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L :j?ksf] ;ld>0f,
/ cfs[ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpFb5 / To; · lq–cfoflds l8hfogsf] pbfx/0f
cj:yfdf pTkflbt j:t'sf] ahf/Ls/0f, pTkfbg / lq–cfoflds l8hfogsf] pbfx/0f
vr{ jf oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf, e08f/0f, dd{t / To;sf]
Joj:yf h:tf ljifox¿nfO{ Wofg lbOG5 .

tyflk af}l4s ;DklQ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] cjwf/0ff

cg';f/ cf}Bf]lus l8hfog pTkflbt j:t'sf]
cfn+sfl/s jf ;'Gb/ kIfnfO{ dfq ;Daf]wg
ub{5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] o;n] Pp6f xft]
s';L{sf] cfs[ltnfO{ dfq ;Daf]wg ub{5 . oBlk ;f}hGo M Villeroy + Boch A.G.
s'g} pTkfbgsf] l8hfog ubf{ To;df k|fljlws jf
lå–cfoflds l8hfogsf] pbfx/0f
lqmofTds nIf0f eP tfklg af}l4s ;DklQ;DaGwL
sfg"gsf] ju{df cf}Bf]lus l8hfogn] Pp6f tof/
ePsf] pTkflbt j:t'sf] ;'Gb/ k|s[ltnfO{ dfq
;Daf]wg ub{5 / of] k|fljlws jf lqmofTds
kIfx¿af6 laNs'n} cnu x'G5 . cf}Bf]lus l8hfog
pBf]uåf/f pTkflbt ljleGg lsl;dsf] j:t' klx/g
/ x:tsnf;Fu ;DalGwt x'g'sf] ;fy} k|fljlws /
cf}iff]wf]krf/sf oGqb]lv 38L, u/uxgf / cGo
ljnfl;tfsf ;fdfgx? 3/]n' pTkfbgsf j:t'x¿

#
 cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f lsg <
Jofkf/df >[hgfTds l8hfogx¿
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogn] pTkflbt j:t'sf] k|of]udf
k|lti7fgx¿n] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] l8hfognfO{
yk dxTj /fVb5 . o;n] pTkflbt j:t'nfO{
cfslif{t agfpg kof{Kt ;do / ;|f]t vr{ ug]{
ub{5g\ . gofF / df}lns l8hfogx¿ lgDglnlvt pkef]Qmf dfem cfslif{t agfpFb5 / of] laqmL
s'/fx¿sf] nflu ;[hgf ug]{ ul/G5 . ljt/0fsf] clåtLo gd"gf pTkfbgstf{sf] Jofkfl/s
!= j:t'nfO{ lglb{i6 ahf/df cfsif{s /0fgLltsf] d'Vo c+z x'g kb{5 .
t'NofO{ Jojxfl/s agfpgM
s'g} pTkflbt j:t' -h:t} 38L_ sf] l8hfogdf /fli6«o jf If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nodf
;fgfltgf ?kfGt/0f u/]df ljleGg pd]/sf cf}Bf]lus l8hfognfO{ btf{ u/L ;+/If0f k|fKt
;d"x, ;+:s[lt jf ;fdflhs ;d"xsf nflu u/]df To;sf dflnsn] ;f] l8hfog dfly Psnf}6L
;'xfpFbf] agfpg ;Sb5 . 38Lsf] sfo{ Pp6} clwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . h;n] ubf{ cGo JolQmx?
eP tfklg s]6fs]6L / joZsx¿df l8hfognfO{ o;sf] cglws[t gSsn ug{af6 6f9} /xG5g\ .
lnP/ km/s–km/s ?lr /xG5 . o;/L Jofkfl/s cy{df o;n] Jofkf/sf] k|lt:kwf{nfO{
@= ahf/df gofF :yfgsf] l;h{gf ug'{ M ;'wf/L lgDg tl/sfaf6 /fhZjsf] ;+sng x'g
k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/df w]/} sDkgLx¿n] ahf/df ;Sb5 .
gofF :yfgsf] ;[hgf ug{sf] nflu / cfkm\gf]
pTkfbgnfO{ k|lt:kwL{sf] pTkfbgaf6
cnUofpgsf] nflu cfkm\gf] gofF pTkfbgnfO{
;[hgfTds l8hfog k|of]u u/L k|:t't ug]{
ub{5g\ . of] ;fdfGo j:t' h:t}M tfNrf,
h'Qf, ?kKn]6df k|of]u x'gs ' f] ;fy} ;Defljt
dx+uf ;fdfgx? h:t}M u/uxgf, sDKo'6/
jf uf8Ldf klg k|of]u x'g ;Sb5 .
#= Jofkf/ lrGx -a|f08_ sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fM
s'g} sDkgLsf] Jofkf/ lrGx -a|f08_ nfO{
;f}hGo M Victorivox Ltd.
ljlzi6 agfpgsf] nflu ;[hgfTds
l8hfogx¿nfO{ s'g} Jofkf/ lrGxl;t ld>0f
· l8hfOgnfO{ btf{ u/]df k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{
ug]{ ul/G5 . w]/h
} ;f] sDkgLx¿n] pTkflbt
To;sf] gSsn jf cg'z/0f ug{af6 /f]sL
j:t'sf] l8hfogdf a9L s]lGb|t /xL
cfkm\gf] k|lt:kwf{Tds l:yltnfO{ ;'b9[ u/fpg
;kmntfk"js { cfkm\gf] a|f08sf] k|lt:j?ksf]
;lsG5 .
;[hgf jf k'gef{lift u/]sf x'G5g\ .
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$
· d"Nojfg\ l8hfog btf{ u/]df ;DalGwt l8hfogdf s]xL k|sfz 5g'{
pTkfbgsf] ;[hgf / To;sf] ahf/Ls/0fdf Pp6f aQLsf] lqmofTds tTj ;fdfGotofM To:t}
ePsf] nufgLsf] plrt k|ltkmn kfpg'sf] ;fy} csf]{ pTkfbg l;t vf;} km/s geP klg To;sf]
o;n] d'gfkmfdf klg ;'wf/ NofpFb5 . cfs[lt / agfj6n] ahf/df To;sf] ;kmntfsf]
· cf}Bf]lus l8hfog Jofkf/sf] ;DklQ xf] / k5fl8 7"nf] dxTj / e"ldsf /fVb5 . To;} sf/0f
o;n] tkfO{sf] sDkgL / To;sf] pTkfbgsf] w]/h
} ;f] b]zx¿df btf{ ePsf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogdf
Jofj;flos d"No clej[l4 ub{5 . l8hfog 3/]n' pTkfbg h:t} aQLsf] nfdf] ;"rL 5 .
hlt ;kmn x'G5, sDkgLsf] nflu To;sf]
d"No TolQs} pRr /xG5 .
· ;+/lIft l8hfog s]xL z'Ns lnO{ c?nfO{
k|of]u ug{ -lbg jf a]Rg_ klg ;lsG5 .
c?nfO{ o;sf] cg'1f lbPdf tkfO{n] ;]jf
lbg rfx]sf] t/ k|jz
] ug{ g;s]sf] ahf/df
klg k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 .
· Jofkfl/s l8hfogsf] btf{ ugf{n] z'4 k|lt:kwf{
/ OdfGbfl/tfk"j{s Jofkf/sf] cEof;nfO{
k|f]T;fxg ub{5 . h;n] kmn:j?k ljleGg
lsl;dsf] ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s j:t'x¿sf]
pTkfbgnfO{ a9fjf lbG5 .

o'/f]lkog o'lgogdf l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ;f}hGo M Nemo S.P.A.

ug'{sf] sf/0fM
gSsn x'gaf6 /f]syfd x'g &)=)Ü
sDkgLsf] gLlt @#=$Ü
k|lt:kwf{df cu|tf kfpg @)=#Ü
sDkgLsf] k|lti7fsf] ljifo !)=!Ü
d gSsn u5'{ eGg] dflg;sf] ;f]rfO{nfO{ /f]Sg ^=%Ü
cGo %=*Ü

;|f]t M
OHIM inorpectire study about the Design
Reqistiation Demand at a Europenn Union level (2000)

%
 @= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f btf{ gePsf] l8hfogn] /fd|f] ljsNk k|bfg ub{5
tyflk Psk6s Tof] j:t' pTkfbg eO;s]kl5
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f s;/L k|fKt ug{ lzNksf/Lx¿n] !@ dlxgfleq To;sf] btf{ ul/;s]sf]
;Sg' x'G5 < x'g'k5{ . btf{ gePsf] l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ;Lldt
w]/h
} ;f] b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;+/If0f x'gsf] x'g5 / Tof] btf{ ePsf] l8hfognfO{ sfof{Gjog
nflu cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;DaGwL sfg"g cGtu{t u/fpg] h:tf] ;lhnf] x'Fb}g / o;sf] cjlw tLg
btf{ ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . jif{sf] nflu dfq x'G5 hals btf{ ePsf] l8hfogsf]
cjlw o'/f]lkog o'lgogdf @% jif{;Dd k|bfg
cf}Bf]lus l8hfog btf{ ug{sf] nflu tkfO{n] h'g ul/Psf] 5 .
b]zdf ;+/If0f vf]Hg' ePsf] 5 ;f]xL b]zsf] /fli6«o
of] lbUbz{gn] k~hLs[t cf}Bf]lus l8hfogdf
af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kb{5 .
s]lGb|t eP tfklg s]xL b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus
af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nox¿sf] j]e;fO6sf] ;"rL
l8hfogsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu j}slNks pkfox¿
kl/lzi6fs+ ! df pknAw 5 . ljb]zdf ;+/If0f
klg /x]sf] eGg] af/] l6Kk0fL ug{ rfxG5 .
k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cWofo # x]g'{xf];\ .
· lglZrt /fli6«o sfg"g / l8hfogsf] k|sf/sf]
e/df l8hfogx¿nfO{ j}slNks ;+/If0f k|bfg
s'g} b]zx¿sf] xsdf oxfF l6Kk0fL ug'{ h?/L
ug]{ dfWod ;jf{lwsf/ sfg"g xf] . ;jf{lwsf/n]
5 . o'/f]lkog o'lgog h:tf] ;femf cfly{s If]qdf
k|foM h;f] ;flxlTos / snfTds sfo{x¿df
ToxfF sfg"gn] btf{ gePsf l8hfogx¿sf] ;Lldt
;jf{lwsf/ xs k|bfg ub{5 . s]xL b]zx¿df
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;'/Iff k|fKt ug{ ;Dej
s]xL o:tf l8hfogx¿nfO{ snfsf] sfo{sf]
agfPsf] 5 . ;f] ;+/If0f l8hfog o'/f]lkog o'lgogdf
?kdf :jLsf/ u/L ;jf{lwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] tLg jif{;Dd k|fKt x'G5 .
nfu" x'g ;Sb5 / o;n] ;fgf tyf demf}nf
pBf]ux¿sf] nflu cfsif{s ljsNksf] ?kdf
btf{ gePsf l8hfogn] sDkgLx¿nfO{ l8hfogsf]
k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;S5g\ .
btf{ ug]{ k|lqmof / To;df nfUg] vr{df cfkm\gf]
· o;sf] cltl/Qm s]xL b]zx¿df olb cf}Bf]lus
;do vr{ ug'{ cl3 cfkm\gf] sDkgLn] pTkfbg
l8hfog ahf/df Jofkf/ lrGxsf] ?kdf
u/]sf] ;fdfgsf] ahf/df k/LIf0f ug]{ df}sf lbG5
lqmofTds 5 eg] To; cj:yfdf Tof]
/ sltko To:tf] pTkfbgn] ahf/df ;kmntf
lq–cfoflds lrGxsf] ?kdf ;+/lIft x'g
gkfpg klg ;Sb5g\ . To;sf] cltl/Qm s'g}
;Sb5 . of] To; cj:yfdf x'G5 ha Tof]
l8hfog vf; u/L klx/g pBf]u 5f]6f] ;dosf]
pTkfbgsf] cfsf/ jf To;sf] Kofs]lhË
nflu ahf/df /xg] u5{ . o:tf] pTkfbgsf] nflu
w

laNs'n} km/s x'G5 .

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^
· s]xL b]zx¿df c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] sfg"gn] lgof{t jf laqmL ug]{ sfddf /f]s nufpg
k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ s'g} sDkgLsf] cf}Bf]lus ;Sg]5 . ;DalGwt b]z jf If]qsf] sfg"g / Jojxf/n]
l8hfogsf] gSsn ug{af6 /f]sL To:tf] k~hLs[t l8hfogsf] jf:tljs ;'/If0fsf] bfo/f
cf}wflus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ ub{5 . lgwf{/0f ub{5 .
;jf{lwsf/ Jofkf/ lrGx jf c:j:y k|lt:kwf{sf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ?kdf s] btf{
sfg"g cGtu{t l8hfogsf] ;+/If0faf/] lj:t[t x'g ;Sb5 <
ljj/0f k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cWofo % x]g'xf];\ . b]zsf] sfg"g cg';f/ s'g} klg l8hfog btf{
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0faf6 s]–s] clwsf/x¿ x'gsf] nflu tn pNn]lvt Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L
pknAw x'G5g\ < cfwf/e"t cfjZostfx¿ k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
ha s'g} cf}Bf]lus l8hfog btf{åf/f ;'/lIft x'G5
ta To;df wgLnfO{ cfk\mgf] l8hfog cGo t];|f] · l8hfog gofF x'g'kb{5 . olb s'g} To:tf]
kIfaf6 cglws[t ta/af6 gSsn jf cg's/0f ldNbf]hN' bf] l8hfog btf{ ug]{ ldlteGbf k"j{
ug{af6 /f]s nufpg] clwsf/ k|fKt x'G5 . h'g jf btf{sf] cfj]bg k"j{ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf]
pTkfbgdf l8hfog ;dflji6 ePsf] x'G5 jf k|of]u 5}g eg] To; cj:yfdf To;tf] l8hfognfO{
ePsf To:tf ;fdfgx¿sf] pTkfbg k|:tfj, cfoft, gofF egL :jLsf/ ul/G5 .

lgjf/s clwsf/ tkfO{n] k|lt:kwL{x¿nfO{ k|lt:kwf{Tds pTkfbg

dfgL lncf}+ ls tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] gjLgtd\ l8hfogdf ug{af6 /f]s nufpg g;s] tfklg tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{
Pp6f 5ftf l8hfOg u/L To;nfO{ /fli6«o af}l4s cfkm\gf] ;fdfgsf] gSsn ug{af6 /f]s nufpg
;DklQsf] sfof{nodf btf{ u/fO{ To:tf] l8hfog ;Sg'x'g]5 . cfkm\gf] clwsf/ s;/L sfof{Gjog
ePsf] 5ftfx¿ dfly lgjf/s clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ eGg] af/]df lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf] nflu
u5{ . o;sf] tfTko{ s] xf] eg] olb c? s'g} af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL sfg"g Joj;foLl;t ;Dks{
k|lt:kwL{n] To:t} l8hfog k|of]u u/L jf To:t} /fVg ;Nnfx lbOG5 .
lsl;dsf] l8hfogdf To:tf] 5ftf agfpg], laqmL
ug]{ jf cfoft ug]{ u/]sf] tkfO{sf] hfgsf/Ldf
cfPdf tkfO{n] To:tf k|lt:kwL{nfO{ tkfO{sf] l8hfog
k|of]u ug{af6 /f]Sg ;Sg'sf] ;fy} cglws[t ta/af6
tkfO{sf] l8hfog k|of]u u/]afkt tkfO{sf] Jofkf/n]
ef]Ug' k/]sf] xflg–gf]S;fgL lj?4 tkfO{n] To;sf]
Ifltk"lt{ klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

&
 · l8hfog df}lns x'gk' 5{ . olb s'g} l8hfog · h'g l8hfogx¿n] kof{Kt ?kdf gjLgtf,
s'g} lzNksf/åf/f :jtGq ?kdf ;[hgf df}lnstf jf JolQmut u'0fsf] cfjZostf
ul/Psf] 5 / Tof] s'g} ljBdfg l8hfogsf] k"/f ub}{g -dfly pNn]v ul/P cg';f/_ .
gSsn jf cg's/0f ul/Psf] 5}g eg] To;
· k|fljlws sfo{n] s'g} pTkfbgsf] s'g} l8hfog
cj:yfdf To:tf] l8hfognfO{ df}lns
lgb]l{ zt ePdf, o:tf k|fljlws jf lqmofTds
dflgG5 .
l8hfogsf :j?kx¿ cGo af}l4s ;DklQsf]
clwsf/ -h:t} k]6]G6 o'l6ln6L gd"gf jf
· l8hfogdf JolQmut u'0f x'g'kb{5 . of]
Jofkf/ uf]kgLotf_ cGtu{t k|To]s d'2fsf]
cfjZostf ta kl/k"lt{ ePsf] dflgG5, ha
cfwf/df ;+/lIft x'g ;Sb5 .
s'g} l8hfogåf/f lgdf{0f ePsf] ;du| 5fkn]
s'g} ;"lrt k|of]ustf{nfO{ klxn]sf] · ;/sf/L lrGx jf k|lts ;dfj]z ePsf
l8hfogeGbf klg a9L k|efljt kfb{5 eg] l8hfogx¿ -h:t}M /fli6«o em08f_ .
To;a]nf To;nfO{ JolQmut u'0f dflGg5 .
· ;fdflhs ;'Joj:yf jf g}ltstf ljk/Lt
dflgg] l8hfogx¿ .
;+/lIft l8hfog k/Dk/fut ?kdf pTkflbt j:t'
h:t} h'Qfsf] cfs[lt, sfgsf] l/Ësf] l8hfOg jf
o;sf cltl/Qm s]xL b]zx¿n] x:tsnfnfO{
lrofbfgLsf] cn+sfl/0fl;t ;DalGwt /xG5 . of]
l8hfogsf] ;+/If0faf6 cnu /fv]sf] kfOG5 . o;f]
l8lh6n ;+;f/df vf; u/L s]xL b]zx¿df ;'/If0f
ug's
{ f] sf/0f s] xf] eg] o:tf b]zx¿sf] cf}Bf]lus
lj:tf/} cGo pTkfbg / cGo k|sf/sf l8hfogx¿df
l8hfogsf] sfg"gn] lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 eg] ls h'g
klg lj:tf/ x'b5} . sDKo'6/åf/f pTkfbg ul/Psf]
pTkfbgdf cf}Bf]lus l8hfog k|of]u ul/Psf] 5
ljB'tLo 8]:s6k cfOsg, 6fOksf cIf/, sDKo'6/df
Tof] pTkfbgsf] dfu jf cf}Bf]lus dfWodåf/f
b]lvg] ;"lrt / df]afOn, 6]lnkmf]g cflbx? klg
cg's/0f x'g ;sf];\ .
;dfj]z 5g\ .

/fli6«o sfg"gsf] cfwf/df l8hfogsf] ?kdf s]

cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] clwsf/n] s] ;+/lIft x'g
btf{ x'g ;Sb}g eGg] ljifodf yk k|ltaGw nufpg
;Sb}g <
;Sb5 . o; ljifodf af}l4s ;DklQsf] Ph]G6 jf
w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df ;fdfGotofM lgDg k|sf/sf
;DalGwt /fli6«o af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nodf uO{
l8hfogx¿ btf{ x'gaf6 lgif]lwt x'G5g\ .
k/fdz{ ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5 .
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*
l8hfognfO{ s;/L btf{ ug]{ < · cfj]bg btf{ ug{ / btf{ k|lqmofnfO{ k"/f
s'g} l8hfognfO{ tkfO{sf] b]zdf btf{ ug{sf] nflu ug{sf] nflu tkfO{n] s'g} af}l4s ;DklQdf
;fwf/0ftof lgDg sbdx¿ rfNg' k5{M sfo{/t Ph]G6nfO{ lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg'
x'g]5 . To; cj:yfdf tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]
· tkfO{sf] /fli6«o af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfo{no clwsf/ tkfO{sf] k|ltlglwnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
-o;sf] nflu kl/lzi6f+s I x]g'{;\ h;df u/]sf] k|df0f klg k]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] l8hfog btf{ ug{ ;Sg]
af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nox¿sf] j]e;fO6sf] s]xL sfof{nox¿n] k|zf;lgs cf}krfl/stf k"/f
;"rL pknAw 5_ n] pknAw u/fPsf] cfj]bg ePsf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ lglZrt ug{sf] nflu
kmf/d tkfO{sf] gfd, tkfO{sf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf, cf}krfl/s hfFr kZrft\ dfq l8hfognfO{ btf{
lrq / l8hfogsf] t:jL/ -o;sf] nflu ug]{ ub{5g\ . s]xLn] gjLgtf / df}lnstfsf] nflu
k|foM lglb{i6 l8hfogx¿ lbOG5_ l8hfogsf] hfFr ug]{ ub{5g\ . w]/h
} ;f] sfof{nox¿n]
gjLgtf jf df}lnstfsf] hfFr a]u/ klg btf{ :jLs[t
· s]xL b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus l8hfogx¿sf] u/]sf 5g\ .
lnlvt ljj/0f jf gjLgtf af/] s]xL ljj/0f
k]z ug]{ ljsNk klg k|bfg ub{5 . ;f] ljj/0f l8hfog Psk6s btf{ eO{ ;s] kZrft\ To;nfO{
k|of]u x'g] pTkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt geO{ l8hfogsf] nfutdf r9fOG5 / cflwsfl/s
l8hfogsf] af/]df x'g kb{5 . To:tf] ljj/0f l8hfogsf] uh]6df k|sflzt x'G5 clg l8hfog
klxn]sf ldNbf]hN' bf] l8hfognfO{ cnUofpg] btf{sf] k|df0fkq hf/L x'G5 . s]xL b]z÷If]qx¿df
lsl;dn] oyfy{ / kof{Kt x'gk' b{5 . l8hfogsf] k|sfzg gug{ cg'/f]w uPdf To:tf] l8hfognfO{
ljz]if :j?kx¿nfO{ ljj/0fn] ;dfj]z u/]sf] ;DalGwt sfg"gn] lglb{i6 u/] cg';f/ s]xL lglZrt
x'gk' 5{ / s'g rflxF :j?kx¿ a9L dxTjk"0f{ cjlwsf] nflu uf]Ko /flvG5 . Jofkfl/s /0fgLltsf]
5g\ egL pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . s]xL nflu k|sfzg gug'{ g} plrt x'G5 .
b]zx¿df hfFrsLn] l8hfog /fd|f] l;t
a'em\gsf] nflu jf To;sf] kbfy{ a'em\gsf] ljb]zdf l8hfognfO{ s;/L ;'/lIft kfg]{ eGg]
nflu l8hfogsf] gd"gfsf] dfu ug{ lj:t[t ljj/0f cWofo # df pknAw 5 .
;Sb5g\ .

· pko'Qm btf{ z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

(
 Pp6f l8hfog btf{ ug{ slt ;do nfUb5 < eg] Tof] l8hfog gofF x'gk' 5{ . olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]
s]xL ;jfnx¿ h:t} l8hfogsf] hfFrsLaf6 s]xL l8hfog c?nfO{ b]vfpg' x'G5 eg] Tolta]nf
cfklQ p7fOPsf] eP jf cf}Bf]lus l8hfog btf{ tkfO{n] lnlvt ;Demf}tfdf Tof] l8hfog uf]Ko xf]
x'g' k"j{ bfaL lj/f]wsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 eg] eGg] uf]kgLotfsf] k|fjwfg /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] btf{ k|lqmof ;fdfGotofM
^ dlxgfb]lv !@ dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L klg olb tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] sDkgLsf] ;"lrkq jf k'l:tsfdf
nfUg ;Sb5 . l8hfogsf] lj1fkg u/L ;fj{hlgs u/L ;Sg'ePsf]
5 eg] To; cj:yfdf tkfO{sf] l8hfog gofF dfGg
btf{ k"j{ l8hfognfO{ uf]Ko /fVg' sltsf] ;lsb}g . Tof] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] c+z ePsf]
dxTjk"0f{ 5 < sf/0fn] Tof] ;'/lIft x'g ;Sb}g t/ olb s'g} k|rlnt
btf{ k|0ffnL cGtu{t olb tkfO{ cfkm\gf] cf}Bf]lus sfg"gn] cg'ux| cjlwsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 jf
l8hfognfO{ ;'/lIft ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg] tkfO{sf] cl3Nnf] cfj]bgsf] dfu ePdf Tof] To;a]nf ;+/lIft
l8hfognfO{ uf]Ko /fVg' clt h?/L x'G5 . x'g ;Sb5 . -cf}Bf]lus l8hfognfO{ ljb]zdf s;/L
l8hfogsf] ;'/Iffsf] s]Gb|Lo cfjZostf s] xf] ;+/lIft ug]{ eGg] af/] k[i7 !^ df x]g;
{' _\

pbfx/0f M lzz' / s]6fs]6L of] pTkfbgsf] ;kmntf dggof]Uo /x]sf] 5 . Tof]

lzz'x¿sf] :gfg ug]{ ;dodf ltgLx¿sf] cf/fd emf]n'uf]+ clxn] lzz' / s]6fs]6Lsf] pTkfbgsf]
/ sNof0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL Pp6f lzz' / s]6fs]6L c+u|Ld k+lQmdf /x]sf] 5 / cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf]
gfds n3' k|mG] r pBf]un] afy?dsf] nflu Pp6f ;'/Iffaf6 sfg"gL Psflwsf/ k|fKt u/L ljZje/L
emf]n'uf]+sf] l8hfOg u/L pTkfbg u/]sf lyP . cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf] ahf/Ls/0f ul//x]sf] 5 .
To;sf] ;fbfkg / df}lns l8hfogn] cfdf /
lzz'nfO{ ;+;f/e/L cfslif{t agfof] . cfkm\gf] gofF
pTkfbgnfO{ ;'/lIft t'Nofpgsf] nflu lzz' /
s]6fs]6Ln] dfr{ @))) df cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf]
btf{sf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg k]z u¥of] . btf{
k|lqmof k"/f eP kZrft\ lzz' / s]6fs]6Ln] k|ToIf
jf cfkm\gf] btf{ ePsf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfog cfwf/df
c?nfO{ cg'1fkg lbO{ tL ljleGg dxfåLkdf
bzj6f eGbf a9L b]zx¿df cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf]
ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;Sof] . ;f}hGo M lzz' / s]6fs]6L
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!)
cg'u|x cjlw eg]sf] s] xf] < xsdf !$ jif{ / o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf] k~hLs[t
s]xL b]zx¿df ToxfFsf] sfg"gn] s'g} l8hfog ;fd'bflos l8hfog cGtu{t @% jif{;Ddsf] nflu
;fj{hlgs k|s6 jf k|sfzg u/]sf] ;dob]lv ;'/lIft x'G5 . w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df l8hfogsf]
;fdfGotof ^ dlxgf jf Ps jif{sf] nflu cg'u|x ;'/If0fsf] gjLs/0f kfFr jif{ kl5 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
cjlw k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 . cfj]bg btf{ ug'k{ j" { olb
s'g} l8hfog c+lst ;fdfg laqmL x'G5 jf s'g} cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu slt
Jofkf/ d]nfdf k|bz{gL jf d]nfdf k|bl{ zt x'G5 jf vr{ nfUb5 <
s'g} ;"lrkq, k'l:tsf jf lj1fkgdf k|sflzt x'G5 b]zl} kR5] jf:tljs vr{ km/s x'G5 . tyflk ;'/If0f
eg] To;nfO{ cg'ux| cjlw elGg5 . To; ;dodf k|lqmofdf s] s:tf] k|sf/sf] vr{ ;dfj]z x'G5
tkfO{n] l8hfogsf] gjLgtfnfO{ xflg gk'¥ofO{sg eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L 5M
To;sf] ahf/Ls/0f ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 / To;sf]
afah"b tkfO{n] km]l/ btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg -!_ /fli6«o jf If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nonfO{
;Sg' x'G5 . btf{ z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . btf{ z'Ns
sltj6f l8hfog btf{ ug]{ xf] / sltj6f
tyflk of] ;a} b]zx¿df nfu" x'Fb}g / of] ;Lldt b]zx¿df To;sf] btf{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] To;df
cjlwsf] nflu x'g] x'gfn] tkfO{n] l8hfogsf] e/ k5{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf]
;'/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg glbP;Dd b]znfO{ uf]Ko b]zx¿df Pp6f Psn ;fd'bflos l8hfogsf]
/fVg' g} plrt / pko'Qm x'G5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm cfj]bgsf] nflu #%)) o'/f] kb{5 . olb
cg'u|x cjlwdf tkfO{nfO{ l8hfog dfly s'g} cfj]bgdf !) j6f l8hfog 5g\ eg] clwstd
Psflwsf/ k|fKt xF'b}g . tfklg tkfO{sf] l8hfog /sd !(@% o'/f] x'g ;S5 . tkfO{n] cfkm\gf]
;DalGwt /fli6«o sfg"gn] u/]sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd af}l4s ;DklQsf] Ph]G6 jf ;DalGwt af}l4s
:jtM ;jf{lwsf/ jf c:j:y k|lt:kwL{ sfg"g ;DklQsf] sfof{noaf6 z'Nssf] oyfy{ ljj/0f
cGtu{t ;'/lIft x'g5
] . ;jf{lwsf/ af/] yk hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 .
kfpg cWofo % x]g'{;\ .
-@_ olb tkfO{ cfj]bg k]z ug{ ljz]if1sf] ;Nnfx
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;'/If0f slt ;do;Dd x'G5< lng rfxg' x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{ btf{ k|lqmofdf
k~hLs[t cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;'/If0fsf] cjlw ;xof]u ug{sf] nflu af}l4s ;DklQsf]
b]z cg';f/ km/s x'G5 t/ ;fdfGotof of] sDkgLdf Ph]G6sf] ;xof]u kg]{ x'gfn] To:tf] Ph]G6sf]
!) jif{sf] -tyflk of] cjlw nfdf] klg_ x'G5 . ;]jf k|fKt ug{ vr{ ;dflxt x'G5 .
h:t} ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf l8hfOg, k]6]G6sf]

!!
 -#_ w]/} h;f] b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus l8hfog dfly ;'wf/nfO{ gjLg cfn+sfl/t :j?kl;t ld>0f ug]{
cfkm\gf] ;jf{lwsf/ sfod /fVgsf] nflu ub{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu dfgL lnpFm tkfO{n] gofF
kfFr–kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf gjLs/0f z'Ns df]jfOn kmf]g l8hfOg ug'e{ Psf] 5 . ha tkfO{sf]
a'emfpg' kg]{ x'G5 . df]jfOn kmf]g ljB'tLo cjojdf >[ªvnfa4 ?kdf
ePsf] ;'wf/sf] glthf ePsf] x'Fbf Tof] k]6]G6
-$_ olb ljb]zdf cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;'/lIft ug]{ cGtu{t btf{ x'g ;S5 / tkfO{sf] df]jfOn kmf]gsf]
xf] eg] To:tf] l8hfogsf] cg'jfb ubf{ vr{ df}lns l8hfog cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ?kdf btf{
;dflxt x'g ;Sb5 .
x'g ;S5 . k|Zg p7\5 s] tkfO{n] b'j}df cfj]bg
ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . To;sf] pQ/ xf] tkfO{n] ;Sg'
olb tkfO{sf] l8hfogn] lqmofTds ;'wf/nfO{
cfn+sfl/s :j?kl;t ld>0f ePdf tkfO{n] s] x'G5 .
ug'{kb{5 <
s'g} pTkfbgsf] lqmofTds ;'wf/ dfly Psflwsf/
kfpgsf] nflu tkfO{n] k]6G] 6 jf pkof]lutf gd"gf
;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{' plrt x'G5 jf hxfF
Tof] pTkfbg;Fu To;sf] sfo{ ;':ki6 5}g /
To;nfO{ Jofkf/sf] ?kdf uf]Ko /fvL /xg' kb}{g
eg] To; cj:yfdf k]6]G6 jf pkof]uL gd"gf
;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{ plrt x'G5 . tyflk
w]/}h;f] d'2fdf s'g} klg gofF pTkfbg lqmofTds ©NOKIA

l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f / Jofkf/ /0fgLlt · l8hfogsf] ljsf; cfGtl/s ?kdf ug]{ jf

sDkgLsf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfognfO{ s;/L, slxn] afXo Ph]G;LnfO{ clVtof/L lbg] .
/ sxfF ug]{ eGg] lg0f{on] l8hfog Joj:yfkgsf] · ahf/Ls/0f jf k|bz { gLdf ;fj{hlgs k|bz { gL
cGo If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ c;/ kfg{ ;Sb5 . To;}n] ug]{ eGg] af/] .
l8hfogsf] ;'/Iffsf] ;jfnnfO{ pBf]usf] a[xt · s'g lgof{t ahf/n] nIonfO{ nlIft
Jofkfl/s /0fgLltleq ;dfj]z ug'{ cfjZos ub{5 .
5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu ;'/If0fsf] k|sf/, vr{ · cfly{s kfl/tf]lifs k|fKt ug{sf] lglDt slxn]
;'/If0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf / l8hfogsf] :jfldTj / s;/L cGo sDkgLnfO{ cg'1fkg lbg] jf
h:tf ;jfnx¿nfO{ lg0f{o ubf{sf] cj:yfdf Wofg s;/L cfkm\gf] l8hfog cGo sDkgLnfO{
lbg' dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;'lDkg] .
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!@
w]/} h;f] lzNksf/Ln] cfkm\gf] pTkfbgsf ljljw tkfO{ ljb]zL cfj]bs x'g' x'G5 eg] tkfO{nfO{ To;
kIfnfO{ ljleGg af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/åf/f b]zsf] af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{noåf/f clVtof/L
;'/lIft ub{5g\ . k]6G] 6, pkof]uL gd"gf / cf}Bf]lus k|bfg u/]sf] Ph]G6åf/f k|ltlglwTj ug'{ kg]{
l8hfogaLrsf] cfwf/e"t leGgtf s] xf] eGg] cfjZostf kg{ ;Sb5 .
s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' h?/L x'G5 . k]6]G6 /
pkof]uL gd"gfn] s'g} pTkfbgdf lqmofTds ;'wf/ cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] clwsf/ dfly s;sf]
NofpF5 eg] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;'/Iff pTkfbgsf] :jfldTj x'G5 <
cfs[ltsf] nflu xf] . s'g} ljz]if kl/l:yltdf afx]s l8hfogsf] ;[hgfaf6
cyf{t\ Tof] lzNksf/ g} k|foM h;f] Tof] l8hfogsf]
cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;+/If0fsf] nflu s;n] cfj]bg k|yd dflns x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu w]/} h;f]
ug{ ;Sb5 <
b]zx¿df olb s'g} sd{rf/Ln] s/f/sf] clwstd
;fdfGotof h;n] l8hfogsf] ;[hgf u¥of] ;f]xL
;Ldfdf /xL pBf]usf] sfd ug]{ ;doleq s'g}
JolQmn] jf s/f/df sfd ePsf] 5 eg] dflnsn]
l8hfogsf] ljsf; ub{5 eg] Tof] l8hfog
btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sb5 . cfj]bs of
-/ To;;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/_ /f]huf/bftfdf
t JolQm -h:t}M lzNksf/L_ jf sfg"gL lgsfo
-h:t}M sDkgL_ x'g ;Sb5 . b'j} cj:yfdf cfjb]g /xG5 jf Pp6f cf}krfl/s lnlvt ;Demf}tfåf/f
;f]em} jf Ph]G6sf] dfkm{t a'emfpg ;lsG5 . olb x:tfGt/0f x'g ;Sb5 .

pbfx/0fM 8'/f;]n pTkfbg ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof] pTkfbgsf] gjLg

;g\ !(*) ;Dd 8'/f;]n Pp6} dfq ;fdfg pTkfbg lqmofTds :j?kx¿ k]6]G6åf/f ;'/lIft 5 eg]
ug]{ sDkgL lyof] . h;n] Iff/sf] u'0f ePsf] Jof6«L To;sf] l8hfog tL b]zx¿df ;'/lIft 5 hxfF
pTkfbg ub{Yof] . ;g\ !(*! df 8'/f;]nn] uf]hLsf] 8'/f;]nn] cfkm\gf] Jofkf/ xfn;Dd ul//x]sf] 5 .
6r{nfO{6 pTkfbg ug{sf] lglDt Ps hgf
k/fdz{bftfsf] lgo'lQm u¥of] / !(*@ df Tof]
ahf/df ptfl/of] . b'O{ jif{kl5 Tof] 6r{nfO{6sf]
l8hfogn] United Kingdom Design Council
k'/:sf/ lhTof] . lat]sf jif{x¿df 8'/f;]nn] ljleGg
ahf/nfO{ nlIft ub}{ ljleGg l8hfog ljljw
k|sf/sf] rlDsg] 6r{x¿ ptf/]sf] 5 . o'jf
pkef]Qmfx¿sf] ljleGg rngrNtLsf] /+udf 6r{x¿ 8'/f;]n

!#
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cGtu{t agfOPsf] lyof] eg] Tof] l8hfog ;DaGwL btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg' x'G5 <
clwsf/ clVtof/L lbg] sDkgLdf lglxt x'G5 . o;sf] hjfkm b]z cg';f/ km/s x'G5 . w]/} h:ff]
o:tf] cj:yfdf h;n] l8hfog agfpg clVtof/L b]zx¿df tkfO{n] Pp6} cfj]bgaf6 w]/} l8hfog
lbPsf] lyof] ToxL JolQmsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Tof] (!), @), jf %) l8hfogx¿_ x¿ btf{ ug{sf]
l8hfog agfOPsf] lyof] egL dflgG5 / To;} nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg'x'g]5 t/ tL ;a} Pp6f
sf/0f ToxL JolQmnfO{ dflns dflgG5 . s'g} pTkfbg jf pTkfbgsf] ju{;Fu ;DalGwt
lsl;dsf] untkmxdL x6fpgsf] nflu lzNksf/l;t
x'g'kb{5 . ju{sf] :ki6Ls/0fsf] nflu
ul/g] df}lns s/f/df clwsf/sf] :jfldTj h:tf
k[i7 !% x]g'{;\_ .
k|Zgx¿nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ kb{5 . df}lns l8hfog
dfly Tof] lzNksf/sf] :jtM ;jf{lwsf/sf] clwsf/
lglxt x'g ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg' kb{5 /
o:tf] ;jfnx¿nfO{ klg s/f/n] ;Daf]wg u/]sf]
x'g'kb{5 .
pbfx/0f 6«ofS; (TRAX) 6«ofS;sf] l8hfOg cf}Bf]lus l8hfog cGt{ut
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xf] h'g Rodney Kinsman åf/f l8hfOg eO{ hd{gL, O6nL, hfkfg / ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf
;'/lIft 5 . o;n] OMK Design Ltd. nfO{
OMK Design Ltd. af6 laqmL / ahf/Ls/0f
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ePsf] lyof] . lj|l6z /]nn] dgdf]x, cf/fdbfoL Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] Psflwsf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . OMK
df};d cj/f]ws / yf]/} dfqfdf g} dd{t ;Def/ x'g Design Ltd. n] cfk"mn] /f]oN6L kfpg] cfwf/df
;Sg] vfnsf] ;fj{hlgs cf;gsf] rfxgf u/]sf] ljb]zL sDkgLx¿nfO{ 6«ofS; ;fj{hlgs cf;g
lyof] / la|l6z /]nsf] Tof] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ pTkfbg ug{ cg'1fkg lbPsf] 5 .
ug{sf] nflu 6«ofS;n] df}lns ?kdf ;fj{hlgs
cf;gsf] l8hfOg u/]sf] lyof] . lat]sf] ;dodf
6«ofS;sf] Jofjxfl/s agf}6n] ubf{ Pp6f ;kmn
pTkfbgsf] ?kdf kl/lrt eO{ xfn ;+;f/sf] ^)
eGbf a9L ljdfg:yndf of] h8fg ul/Psf] 5 .

;f}hGo M 6«ofS;
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/ 8«;] ;{ (Dressers) sf] ;d"xsf] ;[hgf ug'e{ Psf] rl/q ePsf] j:t'x¿sf] ;+Vof h'g ;fwf/0ftM
5 / o;nfO{ tkfO{n] ;+/If0f u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 ;fd"lxs ?kdf laqmL ul/G5 jf ;fd"lxs
eg] w]/}h;f] b]zx¿df Pp6} cfj]bgaf6 ;a}nfO{ ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 / h;n] ;fwf/0f
;d]6\g] u/L / Pp6} cfj]bg z'Ns a'emfpg' l8hfogsf :j?kx¿ Psfk;df a9\5g\ .
kb{5 . oBlk tkfO{n] Tof] l;t aQL (Lamp) klg pbfx/0fsf] nflu sf6fF, rDrf, 5'/L / 3/]n'
;'/If0f ug]{ dg;fo /fVg' ePsf] 5 eg] ;DejtM ;fdfg -h:t}M skfn ;'sfpg] oGq / To;sf]
tkfO{n] 5'§} cfj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . lsgsL a|; cflb_ Pp6f Psn cfj]bgdf s] ;Dej
aQL (Lamp) jf:tjdf Tof] pTkfbgsf] ju{leq 5 eGg] s'/fdf Jofks c;+ut /x]sf]
kb}{g . ;fdfGotof k|To]s cltl/Qm l8hfogsf] b]Vg'eof] . cfjZostfsf] oyfy{ ljj/0f /
nflu z'Ns nfu] klg Tof] k|To]s l8hfogsf] nflu sd vr{df ;'/If0f k|fKt ug{sf] nflu af}l4s
k]z ul/g] 5'§f5'§} cfj]bgsf] vr{sf] cg'kftdf ;DklQsf] Ph]G6 jf ;DalGwt af}l4s ;DklQsf]
w]/} sd vlr{nf] x'G5 . sfof{noåf/f :yflkt x'g'kb{5 .

oBlk s'g} b]zdf k|To]s l8hfogsf] nflu 5'§f5'§} cGt/f{li6«o juL{s/0f k|0ffnL
cfj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . w]/}h;f] oL b]zx¿n] ;lhn}l;t k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cf}Bf]lus l8hfogx¿
Psn 9fFrfdf dfq cfj]bg ;Lldt u/] klg tof] ;fdfGotof juL{s[t jf ;d"xdf 5'6\ofOPsf
l8hfogsf] w]/} c;+utnfO{ cg'dlt lbOG5g . x'G5g\ . tkfO{sf] cfj]bg kmf/ddf tkfO{n] k|of]u
c?n] Psn l8hfogsf] lgodnfO{ ckjfbsf] ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] l8hfog s'g ju{sf] nflu xf]
?kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ ub{5g\ . lsgsL Tof] l8hfog eg]/ ;+s]t ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . w]/}h;f] b]zx¿n]
Ps j:t'sf] ;d'x l;t ;DalGwt /xG5 . nf]sfgf]{ ;Demf}tfn] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] nflu
:yflkt cGt/f{li6«o juL{s/0f k|0ffnL (Locarno
· c;+ut M pbfx/0fsf] nflu b'O{j6f sfgsf] Agreemnet Establishing an International
l/Ë h'g Psfk;df km/s 5g\ . Pp6f sfgdf Classification for Industrial Designs)
em'8\ofpg] csf]{ Kjfn kf/]sf] sfgdf juL{s/0fsf] ;"rL x]gs { f] nflu
nufpg] . s'g} klg j:t' ?kfGt/ dflggsf] kl/lzi6f+s II x]g;
{' \ .
nflu Tof] l8hfog Pp6} j:t'df k|of]u www.wipo.int/classification/en/locarno/ab
x'g'kb{5 / Psfk;df w]/} km/s x'g' x'Fb}g . out/ klg x]g'{;\ .

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 s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] cg'dlt #= ljb]zdf l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f
kq c?nfO{ lbg ;Sg' x'G5 <
ljb]zdf l8hfognfO{ ;+/If0f lsg ug]{<
cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] cg'dlt kq, l8hfogsf] olb tkfO{sf] sDkgLn] df}lns l8hfog c+lst
wgLn] csf]{ JolQmnfO{ kf/:kl/s ?kdf d~h'/ cfkm\gf] pTkfbg lgof{t ug{ rfxG5 jf ljb]zL /fi6«df
ePsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu To:tf] l8hfog k|of]u ug{ /x]sf cGo kmd{x¿df To:tf] ;fdfgsf] pTkfbg
cg'dlt k|bfg ug{ ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;fdfGotof laqmL jf lgof{t ug]{ dg;fon] c?nfO{ cg'dlt
b'j} kIfaLr c'gdlt kqsf] s/f/df x:tfIf/ ul/G5 k|bfg ug{ rfxG5 eg] To; cj:yfdf To:tf] /fi6«df
/ To:tf] ;Demf}tf kqdf sfo{If]qx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] cfkm\gf] l8hfog ;'/lIft /fVg] tkm{ Wofg lbg'
x'G5 . k5{ . o;f] u/]df To:tf] sDkgLn] 3/]n' ahf/df
;+/If0fsf] h:tf] kmfObf pkef]u u/]sf] 5 . To:t}
kmfObf ljb]zdf klg pkef]u ug{ ;Sb5 .
cg'dltsf] s/f/df klg ;Lldttf x'G5 . cg'dlt
k|fKt JolQmn] cg'1fkgsf] k|of]u ;Lldt b]z, ;do ljb]zdf cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f
/ pTkfbgsf] k|sf/df ;Lldt /xG5 . olb tkfO{n] s;/L ug'{ x'G5 <
cfkm\gf] l8hfog ljb]zL /fi6«x¿df k|of]u u/fpgsf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f k|fb]lzs x'G5 .
nflu cg'dlt kq lbg rfxg' x'G5 eg] tkfO{n] of oyfy{ cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f ;fdfGotof
t ;DalGwt b]zaf6 cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f Tof] b]z jf If]qdf ;Lldt x'G5 . hxfF tkfO{n]
klxn] g} k|fKt ul/;s]sf] jf sd;]sd To;sf] l8hfog btf{ ug'e{ Psf] 5 . olb tkfO{nfO{ cfkm\gf]
nflu cfj]bg u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . cf}Bf]lus l8hfog lgof{t ahf/df ;+/If0f ug{
rfxg' x'G5 eg] To:tf] b]zx¿df ;+/If0fsf] nflu
cfj]bg u/]sf] xf] jf x]fOg lglZrt x'g'kb{5 .
c?nfO{ cfkm\gf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfog cg'dlt kqsf]
s/f/åf/f k|of]u ug]{ clVtof/L lbPdf tkfO{sf]
tkfO{n] c? b]zdf l8hfogsf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu
Joj;fonfO{ cltl/Qm cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t xf] / of] cfj]bg lbbf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] Wofg /fVg'
k~hLs[t l8hfog dfly sDkgLsf] Psflwsf/ kb{5 eg] tkfO{n] ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg u/]sf]
sfod /fVg] ;femf dfWod klg xf] . cf}Bf]lus ldltaf6 ^ dlxgfleq cfj]bg u/]sf] k|yd b]zdf
l8hfogsf] cg'dlt lbg] ;Demf}tfx¿ a[xt k|fyldstfsf] clwsf/sf] dfu ug{ ;Sg'xG' 5 . Ps
cg'1fkgsf] ;Demf}tfdf k|foM ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ k6s of] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 tkfO{n] ljb]zL
/ o;n] pTkfbgsf] b]lvg] tTj dfq xf]Og ;a} /fi6«x¿df btf{sf] ;+/If0fsf] nflu cfj]bg ug{
kIfx¿ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . c;dy{ x'g' x'g5
] . lsgls To; cj:yfdf tkfO{sf]
l8hfognfO{ gofF dflgb}g .
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ljb]zdf cf}wlus l8hfog ;+/If0f ug]{ tLg dfWod · The Organization Africaine de la
5g\M Propriete Intellectuelle (OAP) for
protection in French speaking African
!= /fli6«o dfu{ M h'g b]zdf ;+/If0f k|fKt ug{ countries.
rfx]sf] xf] sDkgLx¿n] To:tf] b]zsf] af}l4s
;DklQsf] sfof{nodf cnu–cnu lgj]bg If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQsf] 7]ufgf x]g{sf] nflu
lbg'kg]5
{ . of] k|lqmofdf ;fdfGotof /fli6«o kl/lzi6f+s I df lbPsf] j]e;fO6 x]g'{;\ .
efiffx¿df cg'jfb ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf kg{ #= cGt/{fli6«o dfu{ M sDkgLx¿ h;n] cfkm\gf]
;Sg] / k|zf;lgs -/ slxn]sflxF sfg"gL_ l8hfog cGt/f{li6«o :t/df w]/} b]zx¿df btf{
z'Nssf] e'QmfgL klg ;dfj]z /x]sf] x'gfn] of] ug{ rfxG5g\ eg] To:tf sDkgLx¿n] Hague
k|lqmof eGeml6nf] / vlr{nf] x'g ;S5 . Agreement concerning the international
@= If]qLo dfu{ M olb tkfO{n] s'g} b]zsf] Deposit of Industrial Design n] k|bfg
;d"x hf] If]qLo ;Demf}tfx¿sf] ;b:o ePsf] u/]sf] k|lqmof k|of]u u/] x'G5 . x]u ;Demf}tfsf]
sf/0fn] Ps eGbf a9L b]zx¿df ;b:o /fi6«sf] cfj]bsn] WIPO ;dIf Psn
l8hfogx¿sf] btf{ ug{ ;Sg] ePsf] sf/0f cGt/f{li6«o cfj]bg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 . tTkZrft\
Tof] l8hfog cfj]bsn] OR5fP hlt ;b:o
To:tf ;d"xk|lt OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tkfO{n]
/fi6«x¿df ;+/lIft x'G5 . ;Demf}tfn]
;DalGwt If]qLo af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{nodf
cfj]bsx¿nfO{ ljleGg b]zx¿df cf}Bf]lus
Psn cfj]bg k]z ug{ ;Sg' x'g]5 . If]qLo
l8hfogsf] btf{sf] cfj]bgnfO{ ;/n / ;:tf]
af}l4s ;DklQsf] sfof{no lgDg 5g\ M ;+oGq k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . x]u ;Demf}tfsf] lj:t[t
· The African Regional Industrial
hfgsf/L ;fy} ;b:o /fi6«sf] ;"lr / cfj]bg
Property Office (ARIPO) for industrial kmf/fd kfpgsf] nflu WIPO sf] j]e;fO{6
design protection in English speaking www.wipo.int/hague df hfg' xf]nf .
African countries;
x]u ;Demf}tf cGtu{t cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf]
· The Benelux Designs Office (BDO) k~hLs/0fsf] vr{ tkfO{n] ;+/If0fsf] nflu lbg'ePsf]
for protection in Belgium, the l8hfogsf] ;+Vof / sltj6f b]zx¿df ;+/If0fsf]
Netherlands and Luxembourg; dfu ug'{ePsf] 5 To;df e/ k5{ . pbfx/0fsf]
nflu x]u k|0ffnLn] k|bfg u/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o dfu{
· The Office for Harmonization in the
k|of]u u/L !! b]zx¿df kfFrj6f l8hfog ;+/If0f
Internal Market (OHIM) for
Community designs in the countries
ug{sf] nflu cGbfhL %)) :jL; k|m}+s
of the European Union; nfUg ;Sb5 .
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 $= cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] ahf/df k|of]u x'g] tkfO{sf] l8hfogsf] cg'udg
sfof{Gjog ug]{ bfloTj tkfO{df lglxt /xG5 / To:tf
cg's/0fstf{ jf hfnLx¿sf] klxrfg u/L slxn]
tkfO{sf] l8hfog cg's/0f, gSsn jf cltqmd0f / s;/L ltgLx¿ lj?4 sf/afxL ug]{ jf gug]{
x'Fbf tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ s;/L sfof{Gjog eGg] ljifosf] lg0f{o klg tkfO{df g}
ug'{ x'G5 < lglxt /xG5 .
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Pp6f hl6n ljifo x'g ;Sg] x'gfn] tkfO{n] s'g} tkfO{sf] b]zdf gSsnLstf{, cltqmd0fsf/L /
;Ifd af}l4s ;DklQdf sfo{/t sfg"g Joj;foLsf] hfnLx¿ lj?4 s] s:tf] sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{
Jofj;flos ;xof]u lng' plrt x'G5 . cf}Bf]lus ;lsG5 / ljjfb s;/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
l8hfogsf] gSsn jf cltqmd0fsf] klxrfg / af/] tkfO{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg s'g} af}l4s ;DklQsf]
To; lj?4 sf/afxL ug]{ bfloTj To; l8hfogsf] sfo{ ug]{ sfg"g Joj;foL g} ;Ifd JolQm x'g
dflnsdf lglxt /xG5 . csf]{ zAbdf eGg] xf] eg] ;Sb5 .

cGt/f{li6«o l8hfogsf] ;+/If0f lyof] . To;}n] Swatch Group h:tf sDkgLx¿n]

;g\ @))! df cfj]bgsf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df x]u l8hfogsf] ;[hgf / w]/} b]zdf btf{åf/f To:tf]
k|0ffnL cGtu{t cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] cGt/f{li6«o l8hfogdf Psflwsf/ k|fKt ug{sf] nflu 7"nf] wg
w/f}6L k|of]u ug]{ !) j6f 7"nf pkef]Qmfx¿ Swatch /flz vlr{g] ub{5g\ .
Group, Interior, sony Overseas, Hermis,
Daimaler Chrysler Nokia Villeroy+Boch
AG, Moulinex, Philips Electronice /
Salomon lyP . Tof] jif{ Swatch Group n] x]u
k|0ffnL cGtu{t l8hfog btf{sf] nflu !)# cfj]bg
k]z u/]sf lyP . 38Lsf] ljlzi6 ?k Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ nIf0fsf] ?kdf dflGg5 / ToxL ?kn]
pkef]Qmfx¿nfO{ Tof] pTkfbgk|lt k|efj kf/]sf]
;f}hGo Swatch ACr.
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olb tkfO{nfO{ s;}n] cltqmd0f u/]sf] ljZjf;
nfU5 eg] klxnf] r/0fdf tkfO{n] cltqmd0fsf/LnfO{
/f]s jf ydf}tL kq k7fO{ lghsf] l8hfog /
tkfO{sf] Psflwsf/ aLr x'g;Sg] ;Defljt åGåsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg ;Sg' x'G5 . o:tf] kqsf] cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cGo
d:of}bf ug{ sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ;xof]u plrt sfg"gL ;+oGqx¿ s]xL b]zx¿df s]xL lglZrt
x'G5 . olb cltqmd0f hf/L g} /xL /Xof] eg] l8hfogx¿sf] nflu ToxfFsf] k|rlnt sfg"gn]
To:tf cltqmd0fsf/Lsf] lj?4 sfg"gL sf/jfxL ;jf{lwsf/sf] ;'/Iff k|bfg ub{5 . h:t}M sk8f
ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . olb tkfO{nfO{ cltqmd0f ePsf] / k|m]lasdf .
7fpF yfxf 5 eg] tkfO{n] vfgtnf;L / hkmt
;DaGwL cfb]z -;Ifd cfbnt jf k|x/Laf6_ k|fKt w]/h
} ;f] b]zdf ;fd"lxs ;'/Iff -cyf{t ;jf{lwsf/
u/L ljgf k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ To:tf sDkgL JolQm ;'/Iff / cf}Bf]lus l8hfog ;+/If0f_ k|fKt ug{
pk/ wfjf ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . ;Sg' x'G5 . h;sf] cl:tTj Pp6} l8hfOgdf ;fy
;fy} x'G5 eg] s]xL b]zdf eg] o:tf b'O{ k|sf/sf
cltqmldt ;fdfgx¿sf] cfoftnfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu ;+/If0fsf] cl:tTj km/s x'G5g\ .
l8hfogsf dflnsx¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldfdf
pkfox¿ pknAw 5g\ . h'g ;DalGwt b]zsf]
/fli6«o eG;f/ clwsf/Lx¿af6 k|fKt ug{
;lsG5 .

;fdfGo lgodfg';f/, olb cltqmd0f klxrfg ePsf]

5 eg] Jofj;flos sfg"gL ;Nnfx lng' clt g}
pko'Qm x'G5 .

!(
 btf{ · w]/}h;f] b]zdf ;jf{lwsf/ k|jt{ssf]
· cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] sfg"g cGtu{t cf}Bf]lus hLjgsfnel/ / p;sf] d[To'kZrft\ %) b]lv
l8hfog k|sfzg x'g' k"j{ jf To;sf] st} &) jif{;Dd sfod /xG5 .
;fj{hlgs k|of]u x'g' k"j{ h'g b]zdf ;'/If0fsf]
dfu u/]sf] xf] ToxfF cfj]bsn] btf{ u/]sf] ;+/If0fsf] bfo/f
x'g' k5{ . cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] sfg"gåf/f · cf}Bf]lus l8hfogsf] btf{n] o; dfg]df k"0f{
k|bfg ul/Psf] btf{sf] k|df0f kq cltqmd0fsf :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ k|bfg ub{5 . oL olb
;jfnx¿df Hofb} g} pkof]uL ;fljt x'g ToxfF hfgL–hfgL l8hfogsf] gSsn eP of
;S5 lsgls o;}sf] cfwf/df tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] geP tfklg ToxfF cltqmd0fsf] cj:yf
Psflwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 . ljBdfg /xG5 .
· ;jf{lwsf/ df}lns sfddf dfg] tfklg To;df · ;jf{lwsf/ sfg"gcGtu{t cfk\mgf] clwsf/
cf}krfl/stf xFb' g} . ;jf{lwsf/sf] ;'/If0fsf] sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu ;jf{lwsf/sf] wgLn]
nflu btf{ cfjZos geP klg s]xL b]zx¿df ;jf{lwsf/åf/f ;'/lIft cfkm\gf] sfdnfO{
;jf{lwsf/ w/f}6L ljBdfg 5 hxfF tkfO{n] k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kaf6 k'g?Tkfbg ul/Psf]
cfkm\gf] l8hfog hDdf u/L To; jfkt k|df0f 5 eGg] tYo k|dfl0ft ug'{kg]{5 .
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nflu af}l4s ;DklQsf] Ph]G6l;t k/fdz{ ug'{
pko'Qm x'g]5 .

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• other intellectual property issues from a business perspective:

www.wipo.int/sme

• industrial designs generally:

www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

• practical aspects relating to the registration of industrial designs, see list of websites of national
and regional intellectual property offices available in Annex I or:
wwww.ipo.int/directory/en/urls.jsp

• the Hague Agreement for the International Deposit of Industrial Designs:

www.wipo.int/hague/en/

• the Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs:

www.wipo.int/dassifications
(under Locarno Agreement)

• arbitration and mediation:

http://arbiter.wipo.int/

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 kl/lzi6f+s II OG6/g]6 7]ufgfx?
National and Regional Intellectual Property Offices

African Intellectual Property Organization www.oapi.wipo.net

Algeria www.inapi.org
Albania www.alpto.gov.al
Andorra www.ompa.ad
Argentina www.inpi.gov.ar
Armenia www.armpatent.org
Australia www.ipaustralia.gov.au
Austria www.patent.bmvit.gv.at
Bahrain www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa/bahrainframe.htm
Barbados www.caipo.org
Belarus www.belgospatent.org/english/about/history.html
Belgium www.mineco.fgov.be
Belize www.belipo.bz
Benelux www.boip.int
Benin www.oapl.wipo.net
Bolivia www.senapi.gov.bo
Botswana www.aripo.org
Brazil www.inpi.gov.br
Bulgaria www.bpo.bg
Burkina Faso www.oapi.wipo.net
Burundi www.oapi.wipo.net
Cambodia www.moc.gov.kh
Cameroon www.oapi.wipo.net
Canada www.opic.gc.ca
Central African Republic www.oapi.wipo.net
Chad www.oapi.wipo.net
Chile www.dpi.cl
China www.sipo.gov.cn
China (Hong Kong -SAR) www.ipd.gov.hk
China (Macao) www.economia.gov.mo
China (Marks) www.saic.gov.cn
Colombia www.sic.gov.co
Congo www.oapi.wipo.net
Costa Rica www.registronacional.go.cr
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Cote d'lvoire www.oapi.wipo.net
Croatia www.dziv.hr
Cuba www.ocpi.cu
Cyprus www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/drcor/drcor.nsf
Czech Republic www.upv.cz
Democratic Republic of the Congo www.oapi.wipo.net
Denmark www.dkpto.dk
Dominican Republic www.seic.gov.do/onapi
Egypt www.egypo.gov.eg
El Salvador www.cnr.gobs.sv
Estonia www.epa.ee
Eurasian Patent Office www.eapo.org
European Union (Office for Harmonization
in the Internal Market - OHIM) www.oami.eu.int
Finland www.prh.fi
France www.inpi.fr
Gabon www.oapi.wipo.net
Gambia www.aripo.org
Georgia www.sakpatenti.org.ge
Germany www.dpma.de
Ghana www.aripo.org
Greece www.obi.gr
Honduras www.sic.gob.hn/pintelec/indice.htm
Hungary www.mszh.hu/english/index.html
Iceland www.patent.is/focal/webguard.nsf/key2/indexeng.html
India www.ipindia.nic.in
Indonesia www.dgip.go.id
Ireland www.patentsoffice.ie
Israel www.justice.gov.il
Italy www.uibm.gov.it
Jamaica www.jipo.gov.jm
Japan www.jpo.go.jp
Jordan www.mit.gov.jo
Kazakhstan www.kazpatent.org/english
Kenya www.aripo.org
Kuwait www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
Lao People's Democratic Republic www.stea.la.wipo.net
Latvia www.lrpv.lv

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 Lebanon www.economy.gov.lb
Lesotho www.aripo.org
Liechtenstein www. european-pa tent-office, org
Lithuania www.vpb.lt
Luxembourg www.etat.lu/ec
Malawi www.aripo.org
Malaysia www.mipc.gov.my
Mali www.oapi.wipo.net
Mexico www.impi.gob.mx
Monaco www. european-patent-office. org/patlib/country/monaco
Montenegro www.yupat.sv.gov.yu
Morocco www. ompic. org. ma
Mozambique www.aripo.org
Namibia www.aripo.org
Nepal www.ip.np.wipo.net
Netherlands www.octrooicentrum.nl
New Zealand www.iponz.govt.nz
Niger www.oapi.wipo.net
Norway www.patentstyret.no
Oman www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
Panama www. digerpi.gob.pa
Peru www.indecopi.gob.pe
Philippines www.ipophil.gov.ph
Poland www.business.gov.pl/lntellectual,property,protection,90.html
Portugal www.inpi.pt
Qatar www.gulf-patent-office. org.sa
Republic of Korea www.kipo.go.kr
Republic of Moldova www.agepi.md
Romania www.osim.ro
Russian Federation www.rupto.ru
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 196.1161.62/govt/cipo/index.asp
Saudi Arabia www.gulf-patent-office. org.sa
Senegal www.oapi.wipo.net
Serbia www.yupat.sv.gov.yu
Sierra Leone www.aripo.org
Singapore www.ipos.gov.sg
Slovak Republic www. indprop.gov.sk
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Slovenia www.uil-sipo.si/Default.htm
Somalia www.aripo.org
South Africa www.dpro.gov.za
Spain www.oepm.es
Sudan www.aripo.org
Swaziland www.aripo.org
Sweden www.prv.se
Switzerland www.ige.ch
Syrian Arab Republic www.himaya.net
Tajikistan www.tipat.org
Thailand www.ipthailand.org
The Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia www.ippo.gov.mk
Togo www.oapi.wipo.net
Trinidad and Tobago www.ipo.gov.tt/home.asp
Tunisia www.inorpi.ind.tn
Turkey www.turkpatent.gov.tr
Turkmenistan www.eapo.org
Uganda www.aripo.org
Ukraine www.sdip.gov.ua
United Arab Emirates www.gulf-patent-office.org.sa
United Kingdom www.patent.gov.uk
United Republic of Tanzania www.aripo.org
United States www.uspto.gov
Uruguay www.dnpi.gub.uy
Uzbekistan www.patent.uz
Venezuela www.sapi.gov.ve
Yemen www.most.org.ye
Zambia www.aripo.org
Zimbabwe www.aripo.org

Note:
For up-to-date information visit website at the following urls: www.wipo.int/members/en/and
www. wipo. int/directory/en/urls.jsp

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 kl/lzi6f+s III nf]sfgf]{ ;Demf}tf
International Classification for Industrial Designs of the Locarno Agreement

LIST OF CLASSES
1. Foodstuffs
2. Articles of clothing and haberdashery
3. Travel goods, cases, parasols and personal belongings, not elsewhere specified
4. Brushware
5. Textile piece goods, artificial and natural sheet material
6. Furnishing
7. Household goods, not elsewhere specified
8. Tools and Hardware
9. Packages and containers for the transport or handling of goods
10. Clocks and watches and other measuring instruments, checking and signalling instruments
11. Articles of adornment
12. Means of transport or hoisting
13. Equipment for production, distribution or transformation of electricity
14. Recording, communication or information retrieval equipment
15. Machines, not elsewhere specified
16. Photographic, cinematographic and optical apparatus
17. Musical instruments
18. Printing and office machinery
19. Stationery and office equipment, artists' and teaching materials
20. Sales and advertising equipment, signs
21. Games, toys, tents and sports goods
22. Arms, pyrotechnic articles, articles for hunting, fishing and pest killing
23. Fluid distribution equipment, sanitary, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning equipment, solid fuel
24. Medical and laboratory equipment
25. Building units and construction elements
26. Lighting apparatus
27. Tobacco and smokers' supplies
28. Pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, toilet articles and apparatus
29. Devices and equipment against fire hazards, for accident prevention and for rescue
30. Articles for the care and handling of animals
31. Machines and appliances for preparing food or drink not elsewhere specified
99 Miscellaneous

Note:
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For up-to-date information, visit website at the following url: www.wipo.int/hague/en/general/dassification/html

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Members of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of
Industrial Designs (as of August 2006)

Belgium Luxembourg
Belize Mali
Benin Monaco
Bulgaria Mongolia
Cote d'lvoire Montenegro
Croatia Morocco
Democratic People's Republic of Korea Namibia
Egypt Netherlands
Estonia Niger
France Republic of Moldova
Gabon Romania
Georgia Senegal
Germany Serbia
Greece Singapore
Holy See Slovenia
Hungary Spain
Iceland Suriname
Indonesia Switzerland
Italy The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Kyrgyzstan Tunisia
Latvia Turkey
Liechtenstein Ukraine

Member States: 44
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34, Chemin des Colombettes
P.O. Box 18
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland

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Suite 2525 P.O. Box 18
New York, N.Y. 10017 CH-1211Geneva 20
United States of America Switzerland

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