SF/SF) Lbgugtl '? /SF/SF) Lbgugtl '? /SF/SF) Lbgugtl '? /SF/SF) Lbgugtl '? /SF/SF) Lbgugtl '?

jif{ %, c+s !
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@)^* ;fn kmfu'g !$ ut] cfOtaf/ (Feb. 26, 2012)
Jofkf/Ln] s[lqd cefj l;h{gf u/] M e

sf7df8f}F . cfk"lt{ dGqL n]v/fh
en] sfnf]ahf/L ug{] Jofkf/Ln]
k]6f l] nod kbfy{sf] s[lqd cefj l;h{gf
u/]sf] eGb} To:tf Jofkf/LnfO{ sf/afxL
ug{ r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . l/kf]6;
\{
Snan] utlaxLaf/ sf7df8f}d+ f u/]sf]
sfo{qmddf dGqL en] cfon lgudn]
dfu cg';f/ kof{Kt cfk"lt{ u/]klg
Jofkf/Ln] laqmL gu/L cefj l;h{gf
u/]sf] atfP . s[ltd cefj l;h{gf
ug]{ Jofkf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL cl3 a9fO{Psf]
5, dGqL en] eg] . lxdfn Uof;sf
k|aGwsnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ sf/jfxL
z'? u/]sf] dGqL en] atfP . s]xL
lbgb]lv cfkm}F ahf/ cg'udgdf ;lqmo

dGqL en] Uof; pBf]un] l;ln08/df
-afF s L & k] h df_
x]nf] ;/sf/ k|efjxLg
sf7df8f}F . x]nf] ;/sf/ k|eljxLg

ePkl5 ph'/L ug{ qmd 36]sf] 5 .
u'gf;f]sf] ;'gj' fO{ sd x'g yfn]kl5
ph'/L 36]sf] xf] . ;'?jftsf dlxgfdf
b} l gs Ps ;o %) eGbf a9L
ph/Lx cfpg]df bf];f| ] dlxgf ;osf]
xf/fxf/Ldf lyP eg] clxn] 36]/ ^)
sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] 5 . tLg lbg
cl3 k]; ul/Psf] k|lta]bgdf k';
dlxgf;Dd $ xhf/ * ;o @! ph'/L
btf{ ePsf] pNn]v 5 . h;dWo] !
xhf/ $ ;o %( j6f km} ; nf
eO;s]sf] 5 eg] tLg xhf/ # ;o
^@ j6f ph'/Lsf] ;'gj' fO x'g afFsL
5 . ;/sf/n] ut sflQsdf hgtfsf]
k|ToIf ;/f]sf/;Fu hf]l8Psf d'2f
tTsfn ;dfwfg ug{ kmf]gaf6 u'gf;f]
;'Gg] lgsfo u7g u/]sf] lyof] .

gful/sn] k| w fgdGqL tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{nodf :yflkt 6f]n
lk|m gDa/ !!!! df kmf]g u/L u'gf;f]
l6kfpg ;S5g\ . :yfkgf x'g] lalQs}
s] /x]5 eGg] rf;f]n] klg hgtfn]
kmf]g ug{] uy]{ k|wfgdGqL sfof{nosf
k|jStf hubLz /]UdLn] eg], sltko
;d:of tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ ldNb}g
h;n] ubf{ ph'/L l6kfpg]x lg/fz
x'G5g\ . sfof{Gjog ug{ ldNg] ;d:of
tTsfn ;'g'jfO ePsf] pgn] bfaL
u/] . k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf l6lkPsf
ph'/L ;lrj x'bF } dGqL;Dd k'ofpg]
Joj:yf 5, pgn] eg], ;d:of x]/L
To;cGtu{tsf] dGqfnodfkm{t\ ;'gj' fO
-afF s L & k] h df_
sf7df8f}F . Pdfn]n] klxnf] /fli6o

k|ltlglw kl/ifb\ a}7ssf cj;/df
/fhwfgLdf a[xt\ hgk|bz{g ug]{
ePsf] 5 . kmfu'g @! b]lv x'g]
dxflwj]zgkl5 ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dflgg]
kl/ifb\ a}7s ePsfn] To; cj;/df
kf6L{n] /fhwfgLdf emG8} b'O{ nfveGbf
a9L sfo{stf{ ptfg{] tof/L u/]sf]
5 . hgk|bz{gsf nflu cfjZos
tof/L k"/f ePsf] Pdfn] pkTosf
;dGjo ;ldltn] hgfPsf] 5 . a}7s
/ hgk| b z{ g sf nflu Pdfn] n ]
pkTosf ljz]if ;dGjog ;ldltnfO{
lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] lyof] . Pdfn]n]
kf6L{sf] cf7f+F} dxflwj]zgkl5 klxnf]
k6s kl/ifb\ a}7s ug{ nfu]sf] xf] .
kf6L{ ljwfgcg';f/ Ps sfo{sfndf
b'O{ a}7s ug{k' g]{ eP klg emG8} !)

jif{b]lv kl/ifb\ a}7s x'g ;s]sf]
lyPg . kf6L{ l eqsf] cfGtl/s
u'6aGbL;d]t cGTo ePsf] eGb}
sfo{stf{ kl/rfngdf h'6s
] f] Pdfn]n]
kmfu'g @! sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ cfgf]
zlSt k|bz{gsf] kdf k|of]u ug{
nfu]sf] xf] . a[xt\ hgk|bz{gdf nfvf}F
hgtf ;xefuL u/fpg] of]hgf 5,
pkTosf ;+of]hs tyf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o
/fh]Gb| >]i7n] eg] . hgk|bz{gsf]
cfly{s Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|To]s
;+ul7t ;b:oaf6 Go"gtd Ps ;o
k} o fF p7fpg] ePsf] 5 .
hgk|bz{gsf nflu k|To]s lhNnf /
lgjf{rg If]qxdf ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L
-afF s L & k] h df_
o'4 / zflGt, zflGt / o'4

qmflGt;Fu hf]l8Psf] csf6\o lgod
xf] . of] lgodsf] k|of]un]g} /fHo
Joj:yf / zf;g k|0ffnLdf x]/km]/
NofpF5 . /fHo;QfnfO{ Psaf6 csf]d{ f
x:tfGt/0f ub{5 . ljut / jt{dfg
b'j}df of] nfu' ePsf] 5 / ;+;f/df
;fDojfbsf] cf/De geP;DDf of] nfu'
x'g] clgjfo{ 5 . g]kfndf dxfg
hgo'4 o;}sf] Pp6f cljefHo s8L
xf] . g]kfndf rn]sf] hgo[4 o'4
/fhgLlt lyof], hf] cfhsf] kl/0ffdsf]
nflu dfq eGbf klg clgjfo{ lyof] .
lsgls hgo' 4 lagf u0ftGq,
;dfg'klts, ;dfj]zL, ;+3Lotf s]xL
klg ;Dej lyPgg\ . cyf{t cfhsf
pknlJw / ;+qmd0fsfnLg zflGt ;+ej
lyPg . hgo'4df n8fOF eP, ufpF3/
v/fgL eP, xhf/f}sf] /ut aUof], sof}
a]kQf kfl/P, sof}+ 3fOt] ag], oL
lgs} k]lrnf, efjgfTds / kL8fbfoL

s'/f x'g\, k/Gt' cfhsf] nflu oL
clgjfo{ lyP eGg] tYo Jojxf/t k'i6L
eO;s]sf] 5 .
oltj]nf hgo'4 o'4ljxLg dfu{df
5 . cyf{t zflGtk'0f{ ;+3if{sf] cjwLdf
Pdfn]n] hgk|bz{g ug{]
d"No ?= &.
;/sf/sf] lbguGtL ;'?
sf7df8f} F . hgtfdf af9] s f

cfZjf;gsf jfrfx? k'/f x'g' t stf
xf] stf pN6} e|i6 dfgl;stf /
Jojxf/ af]ss
] f JolQmnfO{ ;fy lnP/
cufl8 a9] s f] e/fO{ g] t [ T jsf]
;/sf/sf] rf}tkmL{ cfnf]rgfsf ;fy
;/sf/af6 aflxl/g] lglZrt ePsf]
5 . Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ ;/sf/sf
dGqL e|i6frf/sf] d'2fdf h]n rnfg
x'g yfn]kl5 of] ;/sf/ Oltxf;s}
sn+lst ;/sf/ aGg k'u]sf] 5
;/sf/n] hgtfnfO{ /fxt Pj+d
;x'lnot lbg] eGbf Hofbf dx+uL,
ck/fhstf, e|i6frf/ dfq lbPsf]
5 . To;f] 5 ;/sf/ u7g tfsf
dw]zL df]rf{;Fu ePsf] slyt rf/
j'Fb] ;xdltn] g} ;/sf/sf] eljio
lgwf{/0f ul/;s]sf] lyof] . clxn] ToxL
b]lvPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] d'Vo sfo{ef/
zflGt / hgjfbL ;+ljwfg lj?4
rf}tkmL{ ?kdf if8oGq x'Fbf ;d]t
e/fO{ g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/ lg/xL
alg/x]sf] 5 . hgtf ;/sf/sf]
yk kfr b]z;u >d ;Demf}tf x'b}
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] d'Vo

uGtJosf ?kdf /x]sf yk kfFr
b]z;Fu ;/sf/n] >d ;Demf}tf ug{]
ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] d'Vo
uGtJosf ?kdf /x]sf tL d'n's;Fu
rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf >d
;Demf}tf ul/g] >d tyf oftfoft
Joj:yf dGqfnosf k|jQmf a'l4axfb'/
v8\sfn] atfPsf 5g\ . ;f]sf nflu
cfGtl/s u[xsfo{ eO/x]sf] 5, pgn]
eg], s]xL ;doleq} k//fi6 dGqfno
dfkm{t\ s"6gLlts kxn yfNg]5f}+ .
v8\ s fsf cg' ; f/ ;Demf} t f ug{
nfluPsf b]zx?df dn]lzof, n]agg,
hf]8{g, Oh/fon / cf]dg 5g\ .
dGqfnon] dn] l zof, n] a gg /
Oh/fon;Fu >d ;Demf}tf ug{ k|lqmof
klxn] g} yfn]sf] lyof] . >d ;Demf}tf
ePkl5 g]kfnL sfdbf/n] ;DalGwt
b] z sf sfdbf/n] kfpg] tna,
cf]e/6fOd, lhpwgsf] ;'/Iffnufot
;'ljwf kfpg]5g\ . clxn] g]kfnL

sfdbf/ To:tf] ;'ljwf kfpgaf6
jl~rt 5g\ . ;fy} s'g} klg g]kfnL
sfdbf/nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]df pgLx?nfO{
sfg"gL pkrf/ lbnfpg;d]t ;lhnf]
x'g] dGqfnosf] egfO 5 . xfn >d
;Demf}tf cefjs} sf/0f j}b]lzs
/f]huf/Ldf uO{ d[To' ePsf sltko
sfdbf/sf] zj g]kfn Nofpg;d]t
;lsPsf] 5} g . >d ;Demf} t f
k| l qmofnfO{ cl3 a9fOP klg
;DalGwt /fhgLlts g] t [ T jsf]
pbf;Lgtfsf sf/0f sfd cl3 a9g
l9nfO eO/x]sf] ;|f]tsf] egfO 5 .
>d ;Demf}tfsf nflu ;Da4 b]zsf
;DalGwt dGqLaLr s'/fsfgL x'g'
cfjZos eP klg b' j } b] z sf
/fhgLlts g] t [ T jn] vf;} rf;f]
b] v fPsf 5} g g\ , g] k fn j} b ] l zs
/f]huf/ Joj;foL ;+3sf dxf;lrj
s'db' vgfnn] atfP . dGqfnon] >d
;Demf}tf;DaGwL 8f6 tof/ ul//x]sf]

k|jQmf v8\sfn] hfgsf/L lbP . 8f6
tof/ ePkl5 k//fi6 dGqfno dfkm{t\
;DalGwt b]zdf k7fOg]5 . >d
;Demf} t fsf nflu b' O { b] z aLr
;}4flGts ;xdlt x'g' cfjZos 5 .
t/, g]kfnn] cl3 ;f/]sf sltko
a'FbfnfO{ ;DalGwt b]zn] c:jLsf/
u/]sfn] >d ;Demf}tf x'g g;s]sf]
;|ft] n] atfPsf] 5 . cl3Nnf jif{x?df
h] eP klg rfn" cfjdf >d
;Demf}tfnfO{ k|dv
' k|fyldstfsf ;fy
cl3 a9fOg] dGqfnon] atfPsf] 5 .
/f]huf/bftf b]z;Fu >d ;Demf}tf
ePkl5 g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] xslxtsf]
;'/Iff x'gs
' f ;fy} sfg"gL ?kdf g]kfnL
sfdbf/ alnof] x'g] dGqfnosf] egfO
5 . To;}n] klg sltko b]zn] To:tf]
;Demf}tf ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]sf] ;|f]tn]
atfPsf] 5 . s]xL ;docl3 g]kfnn]
-afF s L & k] h df_
5 . qmflGtdf of] klg cjZoDefjL

h:t} xf] . /fhgLlts ;+ 3 if{ d f
;+emf}tfsf] af6f] ks8]kl5 / b'j} kIf
o'4sf] df]rf{jf6 kl5 x6]kl5 ;+qmd0f
sfn k}bf ePsf] 5 / xfnnfO{ of] x'g'
:jefljs g} 5 . o;f] x]bf{ o;df ljifo
cndndf k/] h:tf], s'g} ljifodf
klg :ki6tf geP h:tf], s]xL u'dfP
h:tf], s]xL kfP h:tf], s]xL 7Ls} eP
h:tf], s]xL lalu|/x]sf] h:tf], s]xL
gofF h:tf] klg, s]xL k'/fg}df /x] h:tf]
x'bf g]tf, kf6L{ / gful/snfO cK7of/f]
k/] h:tf] klg ePsf] 5 . k/Gt' of]
klg qmflGtsf] nflu clgjfo{ h:t} g}
xf] . o;nfO{ gef]u/] csf]{ af6f]df hfg
;+ej lyPg5}g . cfhsf] ;fk]lIft
zflGt ef]nL o'4df ablnPnf ls
gablnPnf < of] ljifo lgs} rrf{ /
ax;df 5 . of] ;fFrf] xf] ls o'4nfO{
-afF s L & k] h df_
e|i6 g]tfx?k|lt hgtfsf] slt

7"nf] cfqmf]z / 3[0ff x'Fbf]/x]5 eGg]
s'/fsf] kl5Nnf] pbfx/0f ag]sf 5g\,
h]kL u'Ktf . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] Pp6f
;fxl;s lg0f{o uof] / axfnjfnf
dGqLnfO{ e|i6frf/L k|dfl0ft ub}{
h]ndf sf]lrlbof] . oBlk ;jf]{Rrsf]
k}m;nfn] e|i6frf/LnfO{ k"0f{ bl08t
t u/]g t/ cf+lzs g} ePklg cfgf]
u'KtfnfO{ 6]s]/ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ug'{

/ of] Pdfcf]jfbLsf] Oltxf;df sfnf]
wAaf lyof] . ;/sf/ / kf6L{ e|i6x?sf]
3]/fdf kof] eGg] s'/fsf] oxL k|df0f
lyof] . hgtfnfO{ ce}m k'u]sf] 5}g,
ljhos'df/ uR5bf/x? ToxfF r'/Lk'ml/
ul//x]s} 5g\, sfFu;
]| , Pdfn]sf e|i6x?
sf]xL k/]s} 5}gg . Pdfcf]jfbLs} klg
e| i 6frf/Lx? h] n uPsf] lbg,
sfo{z}nL Pjd Jojxf/af6 jfSs

ePsf 5g\ . hgtfn] b}lgs hLjgdf
ef]Ug'k/]sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{
;/sf/ k'/fk/ c;kmn ePsf] 5 .
hgtfsf] kIfdf Ps OGr sfd ug{
g;s]kl5 olta]nf rf}tkmL{ ?kdf
e/fO{ g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf] ljsNk
vf]lhPsf] 5 . e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f ug{
z"Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt lnPsf]
atfpg] jt{dfg ;/sf/ To;sf]
ljkl/t e|i6frf/ hlt u/] klg ;xg]
u/L cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . s'g} klg
b[li6af6 hgtfsf] kIfdf sfd ug{
r's]sf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ / olta]nf
afn'jfsf] 3/ ;fljt ePsf] 5 .
h'g;'s} a]nf 9Ng;S5 .
h]7 !$ glhsLb} hfFbf ;+ljwfg
hgck]Iff cg';f/ cfpg] ;Defjgf
If0f aGb} uPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j
u/] s f k| w fgdGqL e/fO{
hgcfsf+IffnfO{ k'/f ug]{ lbzftk{m
cl3 a9\ g ' s f] ;f6f] b] z Lljb] z L
-afF s L & k] h df_
Pp6} ljw]os kfl/t gu/L

;+;b\ clwj]zg cGTo
sf7df8f}F . ;+;b\sf] !) cf}F

clwj]zg s'g} klg ljw]os kfl/t
gu/L cGTo ePsf] 5 . nfdf] ;do
clwj]zg rn] klg zflGtk|lqmof /
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf s'g} ljifodf
;+;b\n] sfd ug{ ;s]g . sltko
dxTjsf ljw]os /x] klg bh{g
xf/fxf/Lsf s'g} klg ljw]os kfl/t
ePgg\ . ;/sf/ / k| l tkIfsf
aLrdf ePsf ljjfb / cj/f]wd}
clwj] z g cGTo ePsf] 5 .
k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{n]
/fi6klt;dIf clwj]zg cGTo ug{
cfu| x u/] k l5 /fi6 k lt 8f=
/fdj/0f ofbjn] d+unaf/ ;+;b\
cGTo ug{ k7fPsf] kq k9\ b }
;efd' v ;' j f;rGb| g] D jfn]
clwj]zg cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf
lyP . ;/sf/n] ;'k'b{uL ;lGw,
;DklQ z'4Ls/0f P]g, ljB't\ dx;'n
j[l4 ug{] kl/jt{g ug{ nfluPsf]
-afF s L & k] h df_
zflGt / o'4 qmflGt;u hf]l8Psf] csf6\o lgod xf] e|i6frf/Lx? cfhLjg h]ndf ;8\g'k5{
g] q ljqmd rGb ljKnj
If]Kof:q ax;
lji0f' kGt
;fx; k|bz{g uof] . ;jf]{Rrsf] of]

k}m;nfn] k|wfgdGqLsf] lrQdf sfF8f]n]
3f]r]sf] xf]nf lsgls pgsf Pshgf
dGqL jiff}{b]lv e|i6frf/df lnKt
eO/x]sf /x]5g\ . hgtfn] t plxNo}
eg]sf lyP ljho uR5bf/ / h]kL
hgtfx? ;fFRr} v'l;ofnL dgfpg] 5g\

/ ;8sd} lgl:sP/ pT;j dgfpg]
5g\ . s] x L ;do cufl8
e|i6frf/Lx?sf] d'vdf ls/f k/f];\
eGg] gf/f rrf{df cfPsf] lyof] .
hgtfn] eg]sf 5g\, e|i6frf/Lx? ;a}
h]n k?g / e|i6x?sf] ;DklQ ;a}

/fli6os/0f xf];\ . clxn] b]znfO{
;+:yfut e|i6frf/n] ynfynf kf/]sf]
5 / oxL cj:yf sfod /lx/x]df
Ps lbg hgtfn] ;8sd} lgl:sP/
eGg] 5g\ a? ljsf; geP gxf];
t/ e| i 6x?nfO{ sf/jfxL xf] ; \ .
g]kfndf e|i6frf/ dflyaf6 ;+:yfut
ePsf 5g\ / t ;a} bl08t x'g
;Sb}gg\ . sd{rf/L ;?jf a9'jfdf
k|wfgdGqL g} ;+nUg x'G5g / ;?jfsf
l;kmfl/; klg k| w fgdGqL s}
sfof{noaf6 ul/G5g eg] of] eGbf
uDeL/ ck/fw s] x'g ;Snf < kf6L{
cWoIf;efklt / ;+;bLo bnsf
g]tfx? g} ;?jf a9'jfsf jfu]l{ gdf
Jo:t /xG5g eg] of] s] sf nflu <
ha b]z agfpg] hDdf lnPsf
g]tfx? g} 7]Ssfkfsf nflu clg
-afF s L & k] h df_
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
s= dfcf]T;] t'
!(,, kmfu'g !$ ut] cfOtaf/ @)^

@)^**
jif{ %, c+s !(
;DkfbsLo
:jfutof]Uo km};nf
g]kfndf Gofofno klg :jR5 / e/kbf]{
5}g egL r}tkmL{ cfjfh pl7/x]sf] ;dodf
;jf]R{ r cbfntn] Pp6f ;fxl;s / P]ltxfl;s
km} ; nf u/] s f] 5 . hgtfsf] gh/df
Gofofnok|lt hfu]sf] ljt[i0ffnfO{ o;
km};fnfn] /f]Sg] sbd p7fPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;df g} klxnf] k6s jxfnjfnf dGqL
bf]ifL 7xl/P/ sf/fjf;df k'u]sf 5g\ .
jxfnjfnf ;" r gf tyf ;~rf/dGqL
hok|sfzk|;fb u'KtfnfO{ e|i6frf/L 7x/
u/L, 8]9 jif{sf] s}b / lauf];lxt sl/a
Ps s/f]8 ^* nfv h/Ljfgf ug]{ ;jf]R{ rsf]
km};nf g]kfnsf] Goflos Oltxf;d} cltLo
ePsf] 5 . ;fy} u'KtfnfO{ ;kmfO lbg] ljz]if
cbfntsf tLghgf tTsfnLg GofofwLzx?
;d]tnfO{ sf/jfxL x'g] ePsf] 5 . b]zdf
df}nfpFb} uPsf] b08xLgtf / e|i6frf/nfO{
/f]Sg of] km};fnfn] cjZo klg Pp6f s8Lsf]
sfd ug]5{ . cbfntn] wgL, ul/a, 7"nf]
;fgf], kb / kx'rF sf] Vofn ub}g{ , p;n]
s]jn JolQmn] u/]sf sfo{ / To;sf] k|df0fsf]
cfwf/df Gofo lbG5 eGg] k|fs[lts l;4fGtnfO{
sfod /fVb} GofofwLzx? ;'zLnf sfsL{ /
ts{/fh en] u/]sf] km};nfn] Ps k6s g]kfnLsf]
lz/ km]l/ 7f8f] u/fOlbPsf] 5 .
Gofofnon] ug'k{ g]{ oyfy{ sfo{sf] ;'?jft
u/]/ GofofwLzo ;'zLnf sfsL{ / ts{/fh
e wGofjfbsf kfq t ePs} 5g\ . ToxfFeGbf
7"nf] s'/f pgLx?n] kb / kx'rF sf] e/df
GofofnonfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ;lsg] /x]g5
eGg] alnof] glh/ klg :yflkt ul/lbPsf
5g\ . ;jf] { R rsf] o; km} ; nfkl5
e|i6frf/Lx?sf] d'6d' f 9\of\uf| ] 7f]ls/x]sf]
5 eg] e|i6frf/ ug{ tD;g]x?;d]t y/y/
x'g] kSsf 5 . t;y{, ;jf]R{ rsf] of] km};nf
P]ltxfl;s 5, ;fxl;s 5 / eljiodf klg
cbfntn] o;/L g} kb, kx'rF / JolQm
ljz]if gx]/L k|df0f x]//] km};nf ub}{ hfcf];,\
h;n] hgtfn] Gofofnok|lt u/]sf] ljt[i0ff
d]l6Fb} hfcf];\ / e|i6frf/d'Qm ;dfh lgdf{0fdf
Gofofnosf] ;xof]u / ;b\efj sfod /xf];\ .
g]kfnL hgtf oxL rfxG5g\ . clxn]sf]
cfjZostf / ;dosf] dfu klg oxL 5 .
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
c;DejnfO{ ;Dejdf abNg ;Sg' g} dxfg\ kl/jt{g xf]
k| w fgdGqL 8fS6/ afa' / fd

e/fO{n] sfo{sfn ;Dxfn]kl5
e|i6frf/ z"Go ;xgzLntf eGg]
pb\3f]if ug]{ ePsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf
;a}n] cg'dfg s] u/]sf lyP < eg]
e|i6frf/Lsf lbg ;lsg] eP e|i6frf/
lgd"n
{ eP/ :jR5 ;dfh lgdf{0f
x'g]df ;j{;fwf/0f, z'elrGts k|foM
cfZj:t lyP . e|i6frf/Lnufot cGo
ck/fwLxnfO{ xb} ; Ddsf]
sf/afxLsf] sfdgf ub} { pSt
cleJolStsf] tfnL lk6]/ :jfut
u/]sf lyP . ;j{;fwf/0fn] gofF
k|wfgdGqLaf6 gofF sfo{sf] ck]Iff ug{'
:jfefljs klg lyof] . b]z, sfn,
kl/l:yltcg';f/ x/]s ;d:ofsf]
r'gf}tL ;fdgf x]t' kbf;Lg x'g k'Ug'
ePsf k|wfgdGqLsf] sfFwdf w]/} 7"nf]
lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 5 . zflGtk|lqmofnfO{
tfls{s lgisif{df k'ofpg]bl] v ;dodf
;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L d'ns
' nfO{ lgsfz
lbg' klg pxfFsf] sfo{If]q leq}sf ljifo
x'g\ jt{dfg ;/sf/ u7aGwg ;/sf/
ePsf] x' F b f ;a} tx, tKsfsf]
efjgfnfO{ ;d]6/] cufl8 a9\ga' fx]s
csf]{ Psn ljsNk b]lvFb}g . t/,
;/sf/ l6sfpg] v]ndf wldnf]
kfgLdf df5f dfg]{ k|jl[ Qsf] cGTo
x'g' h?/L 5 . ;fd'lxs efjgfsf]
sb/ ub}{ lgikIf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/L cufl8 a9]df ;kmntfsf]
laGb'df k'Ug ;do cem} klg kof{Kt
b]lvG5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfnL
/fhgLlts txb]lv ;dfhsf x/]s
tx, tKsf;Dd e|i6frf/;DaGwL
ljifon] lgSs} u/df u/d ax; k}bf
uof] . b]z ljb]zdf /xg] k|foM g]kfnL
;d'bfodf ;d]t of] laifon] w]/} rrf{
kfPsf] 5 . htftt} e|i6frf/
k|s/0fs} rrf{ tfhf rln/x]sf] 5 .
6fG;k/]G;L OG6/g];gnn] k|sflzt
u/]sf] @)!! sf] ;"rsf+sdf g]kfn
ut ;fneGbf cf7f}F :yfg tn cf]n/{]
e|i6frf/ x'g] b]zsf] !%$ cf}F :yfgdf
k'u]sf] tYof+s ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]
lyof] . ut ;fneGbf @)!! df
e|i6frf/ a9]sf] pSt tYof+saf6
:ki6 x'GYof] . 6fG;k/]G;Lsf] tYof+s
/ g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] 36gfqmdnfO{
bfFHg] xf] eg] jf:tljs tYonfO{
dfGg}kg]{ x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf
7"nf] 3f]6fnf ;'8fgsf08df g]kfn
k| x /Lsf tTsfnLg ;+ u 7g
k| d ' v nufot ;f] ; F u ;DalGwt
7] s ] b f/;lxtnfO{ e| i 6frf/sf]
cleof]udf cbfntn] bf]ifL 7x/ ub}{
lauf];lxt b08, ;hfo tf]s]sf] 5 .
;+o'St /fi6 ;+3sf] cg'/f]wdf zflGt
;'/Iff sfod ug{sf] lglDt cfjZos
kg]{ aGbf]a:tLsf ;dfg vl/bdf

ePsf] 3f]6fnf ;DaGwdf ;To ;]jf
;'/If0fd\sf] d"ndGqnfO{ cfTd;ft
ub}{ b]z / hgtfk|lt ;b}j akmfbf/
/xg] ;ky lnP/ ;] j f k| j ] z
u/]sfxaf6 kbLo dof{bf, b]z /
hgtfk|lt ul/Psf] ;kysf] ljk/Lt
s'sd{ x'g' of]eGbf nHhf:kb ljifo
g]kfn k|x/Lsf] Oltxf;df c? s] g}
x'g ;Sb5 < /fi6sf] cl:tTj;Fu
hf]l8Psf] uDeL/ ljifopk/ /fi6;j] s
egf}bF fxsf] s'sd{n] ubf{ cfh l;f]
;+u7gdf bfu nfUg k'u]sf] 5, h'g
bfu slxn] klg gd]l6g] u/L nfu]sf]
5 . hgtfsf] zflGt;'/Iffsf] lhDdf
lnP/ /fi6sf] uf}/a :jk :yflkt
;+u7gn] lbg] lgikIf zflGt, ;'/Iff,
Gofosf] ck]Iff ug{;Sg] cfwf/dfly
ljZj:t x'g]df z+sf /xL /xg]5 .
;fj{hlgs kbsf] pGdfbdf kbLo
b'kof]u u/L zlSts]Gb|nfO{ k|efjdf
kf/L cs't ;Dklt cfh{g ug{ lnKt
cfgf] :jfy{l;4 ug{x] nfO{ cbfntn]
b]z / hgtfk|lt vfPsf] ;kycg';f/
b08, ;hfo u/]sf] 5 . t/, g]kfnsf]
jt{dfg sfg'gcg';f/ ;fj{hlgs kb
wf/0f u/L kbsf] b'kof]u ug{x] nfO{
e|i6frf/;DaGwL b08 ;hfo sd
ePsf] eGg] Jofks hgu'gf;f] cfPsf]
5 . ;do;fk]If sfg'gnfO{ g} kl/jt{g
ug{ k/] klg u/]/ bf]ifLnfO{ xb};Ddsf]
b08 ;hfosf] Joj:yf sfg'gdf
Joj:yf ug{ ;s]sf] v08df dfq
e|i6frf/ /f]syfdsf] nflu yk d2t
ldNg]df Psdt b]lvG5g\ . lgjt{dfg
;" r gf tyf ;+ r f/ dGqLsf]
e|i6frf/;DaGwL bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf
;jf]R{ r cbfntn] * jif{ !!dlxgf $
lbg kl5 bf]ifL 7x/ ub}{ tTsfnLg
;dodf ;kmfO{ lbg] laz]if cbfntsf
cWoIfnufot pSt ;kmfO{ lbg]
;b:oxnfO{ ;d]t sf/afxL ug{' eGg]
cfb]z u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df
;fob klxnf] axfnjfnf dGqLnfO{
e|i6frf/;DaGwL d'2fdf bf]ifL 7x/ u/L
b08, ;hfo tf]s]sf] / ;DalGwt
d'2fsf] tNnf] cbfntdf ;kmfOsf]
cfb] z lbg] Gofod" l t{ n fO{ ;d] t
sf/afxL ug{' eGg] cfb]z ePsf] 36gf
;fob klxnf] xf] . km};nfkZrft\
cleo' S tn] cbfnt kl/;/d}
cfTd;dk{0f u/L cbfntsf] km};nf
sfo{Gjog u/L kfpg kq a'emfP/
cbfntL cfb]zsf] ;Ddfg u/]sf]
b]lvG5 . /fhLgfdfkq n]Vg;Dd ;do
sf7df8f}F . ut df3sf] cGTo;Dddf

jfl0fHo a}x?n] ljkGg ju{ shf{sf
?kdf lbPsf] C0f ?= @@ ca{ %) s/f]8
k'us
] f] 5 . a}x?n] ljleGg If]qdf u/]sf]
C0fk|jfx clxn] s'n & va{ %) ca{
?k}ofF k'us
] f] 5 . To;dWo] # bzdnj %
k|ltzt ljkGg ju{nfO{ shf{sf ?kdf
pknAw u/fPsf] g]kfn /fi6 a}sf k|jQmf
ef:s/dl0f 1jfnLn] atfP . /fi6 a}sf
cg';f/ #! jfl0fHo a}n] cfly{s jif{
@)^&^* sf] cGTo;Dddf ljleGg
If]qdf s'n ?= % va{ @@ ca{ shf{
k|jfx u/]sf lyP . To;dWo] !% ca{ ^^
s/f]8 ?k}ofF ljkGg ju{df uPsf] lyof] .
ut cfj;Dd jfl0fHo a}x?n] s'n
shf{sf] # k|ltzt /sd ljkGg ju{nfO{
shf{ lbg'kg]{ afWofTds Joj:yf ePsf]df
rfn" cfjsf] z'?df NofOPsf] df}lb|s
gLltn] To;nfO{ a9fP/ # bzdnj %
k|ltzt k'ofPsf] lyof] . gLltn] cfj
@)&$&% ;Dddf To:tf] shf{ %
k|ltzt;Dd k'ofpg lgb]z
{ g lbPsf] 5 .
;f]xLcg';f/ jfl0fHo a}x?n] ljkGg ju{
shf{ a9fpFb} nu]sf x'g\ . o:tf] shf{
a}x?n] cfFkm} nufgL eg] ub}g{ g\ . n3'ljQ,
u|fdL0f a}, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / ;xsf/L

dfkm{t\ nufgL u5f},{ glan a}sf l/6]n,
P;PdO{ tyf dfOqmf] kmfOgfG; k|dv
'
/d]zk|;fb nf]xgLn] eg] . jfl0fHo a}n]
n3'ljQ dfkm{t\ ljt/0f u/]sf] To:tf] shf{
dfkm{t\ !& nfv ;b:o kl/jf/ nfeflGjt
ePsf] n3'ljQ sDkgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ .
ljgflwtf] ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf o:tf]
C0fk|jfx ul/G5 . JolSt geO{ ;d"x g}
C0fk|lt lhDd]jf/ x'g] ePsfn] TolQ w]/}
hf]lvd x'bF g} , nf]xgLn] eg] . a}x?n]
!)!! k|ltztdf n3'ljQ sDkgLnfO{
C0f lbG5g\ . n3'ljQ sDkgLx?n] eg]
@$@% k|ltzteGbf a9Ldf ;d'bfonfO{
C0fk|jfx ug{ u5{ . ljkGg ju{ shf{
lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / pTkfbgsf
If]qdf lbg] ul/Psf] 5 . 8f= afa'/fd
e/fO{ cy{dGqL ePsf] ;dodf ljkGg
ju{nfO{ clgjfo{ pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ s'n
shf{ /sdsf] # k|ltztdWo]sf] ! k|ltzt
o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]if dfkm{t\ nufgL ug{]
elgPsf] lyof] . t/, To:tf] nufgL cem}
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljkGg ju{ shf{ a9]
klg nufgLsf If]q eg] v'DrFb} uPsf]
a}x? atfpF5g\ .
tftf] ax;
5qaxfb' / d} g fnL
geP/ df}lvs kdf ;+rf/dfWodf/f
cfgf] /fhLgfdfsf] 3f]if0ff u/L
eljiodf /fhgLltaf6 labf lnPsf]
3f]if0ff;d]t u/]sf 5g\ . d'ns
' df nfdf]
;do /fhgLlts hLjg Joltt u/]sf
s]xL kfqx e|i6frf/df ;+nUg eP/
JolStut :jfy{kl" t{ ug{t] km{ pGd'v
x'Fbfsf] pTkGg kl/0ffd af/] a]n}df
;r]t x'g g;Sbf nfdf] ;do nufP/
ag]sf] /fli6o JolStTj If0fe/d} ljlng
x'g k'us
] f] dflysf] 36gfn] k'li6 u/]sf]
5 . ;fy} kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;jf]R{ r
cbfntsf] ;lqmotf a9] s f] k | l t
;j{;fwf/0fn] ;sf/fTds l6Kk0fL
u/] s f 5g\ . k| w fgdGqL 8fS6/
afa'/fd e/fO{sf] e|i6frf/ z"Go
;xgzLntf eGg] efjgf / dd{nfO{
;do / kl/l:yltn] ;fy lbPsf] xf]
ls < eGg] l6sfl6Kk0fL klg ;'?
ePsf] 5 h]xf];\ e|i6frf/ rfx] 7"nf]
xf];\ rfx] ;fgf] Tof] ck/fw g} of]
dxf/f]usf] h/}b]lv pvfn]/ ofFSg
;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx ha;Dd
Ps x'Gg ta;Dd of] h/fn] s'g} g
s'g} kdf cfgf] cl:tTj sfod
/fvL /fVb5 . g]kfndf e|i6frf/
a9\gd
' f /fhgLlts cl:y/tf g} d'Vo
sf/stTj xf] . /fhgLlts
cl:y/tfsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} df}sf
ldn];Dd clgoldttf ug{ sDd/
s;]/ nfluk/]sf 5g\ . Odfgbfl/tfsf
;fy eGg' kbf{ e|i6frf/sf] h/f]n]
Joj:yflksf, sfo{ k flnsf,
Gofokflnsfnufot s' g } klg
lgsfocGtu{t /x]/ lhDd]jf/ axg
ug{] s]xL /fi6;]jfdf ;dlk{tx
c5'tf] /xg ;s]gg\ . /fhgLlts
bnxn] ;d:ofnfO{ dfuL vfg]
efF8f]sf] kdf ;w}Fel/ /fvL /xg'
sbflk 7Ls xf]Og . d'n'sdf cl:y/
/fhgLlts zf;g Joj:yfsf] kmfObf
p7fP/ d'ns
' sf] cl:tTjdfly g} k|Zg
pAhg] u/L 3f]6fnf x'Fbf;Dd of]
ljifodf /fhgLlts bnx uDeL/
eP/ ;d:of ;dfwfgtkm{ lrlGttL
ePsf] b]lvPg . Psn] csf]{nfO{
bf]iff/f]k0f u/]/ ;d:ofnfO{ hxfFsf]
ToxLF 5f8]/ s'g h'gLdf x'G5 ;dwfg <
olb ;a}df of] jf:tljs ;d:of xf],
xfdL ;a} ldn]/ lgk0f ug{k' b{5
eg] / ;fd' l xs kdf r] t gf
ghfu];Dd ;d:ofnfO{ hxfsf] ToxLF
g} 5f8]/ cufl8 a9\b} hfg] eGg] a'g
;lsG5 . b[9 OR5fzlSt eof] eg]
;+;f/df c;Dej eGg] s]xL 5}g .
c;DejnfO{ ;Dejdf abNg ;Sg' g}

dxfg\ kl/jt{g xf] t;y{ cfhsf]
cfjZostf eg]sf] Pstf g} xf] . xfdL
Ps cfk;df Pstfsf] sdL eP/ g}
;d:of lbgk|ltlbg hl6n df]8tkm{
cuf8L a9\b} uPsf] 5 . kmn:jk
dfs'/f]sf] hfnf] h]lnPem}F h]lnP/ sxLF,
st}af6 klg k'msfpg g;Sg] cj:yfdf
Pskl5 csf]{ ;d:ofn] b]z u|l;t
aGb} uPsf] 5 . of] ;a} xfd|f] sf/0faf6
x' g uO/x] s f] 5, xfdLn] cfgf]
uNtLnfO{ lrGtgdgg\ ug{] ls gug]{ <
@))& kmfNu'g & ut] hxfFlgof /f0ff
zf;gsf] cGTo eO{ k|hftGq :yfkgf
ePsf] pknIodf dgfpFb} cfPsf]
k|hftGq lbj; k|wfgdGqL 8fS6/
afa'/fd e/fO{sf] cfb]zdf dgfpg
:ylut u/]sf] ;]nfpg gkfpFb} ;j{q
cfnf]rgfnfO{ y]Ug g;s]/ cGttM
;+;b\df ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 u[xdGqL
ljhos'df/ uR5bf/n] dfkmL dfUg
afWo ePsf] 36gfn] ;/sf/n] hfgL
hfgL uNtL u/]sf] :ki6 ePsf] 5 .
;fy} u[xdGqL :jod\n] s]xL ;do
cufl8 k|rlnt lgod, sfg'g ljkl/t
hGdsf] cfwf/df gful/stf lbg' eGg]
kl/kq &% lhNnf k| z f;g
sfof{nonfO{ ;Dk|i] f0f u/]sf] ;Gbe{df
kg{ uPsf] l/6sf] ;'gj' fO{ ub}{ ;jf]R{ r
cbfntn] kl/kqcg';f/ nfu" gug]{
eGg] cfb] z hf/L u/] k Zrft
u[xdGqLnfO{ Tof] yfxf eP/} klg
cfk"mn] bafanfO{ y]Ug g;s]/ lgod
ljkl/t kl/kq ug{ afWo ePsf]
;fj{hlgs v'nfzf ug{n] /fli6o
;jfnsf ljifodf ;fgf]ltgf] q'l6n] slt
7"nf] k lnFbf]/x]5 < ;a}nfO{ lzIff
;dfg ePsf] 5, ;+;f/df ;b}j s;}sf]
klg efUodf lbof] afnL /xFb}g . Ps
lbg lgEg] lbg klg cfpFb5 eGg]
kf7 ;a}n] hfGg h?/L 5 . cfh
;fj{hlgs kbdf /xFbf cfk"maf6 x'g
uPsf sfdsf/afxLsf] eljiodf
s:tf] k|efj /Vb5 < eGg] x]Ssf lng
;lsFb}g eg] /fd|fg/fd|f sfdsf]
glh/ Oltxf; ag] / /xg] x' F b f
;s];Dd bL3{sfnLg ;f]r ljrf/
k'ofP/ sfd ubf{ eljionfO{ ;w}e
F l/
kmfObf x'g hfG5, efjL ;Gtltn] /fd|f]
sfdsf] kbrfk k5\ofpg] jftfj/0f
to ulb{g' klg xfd|f] st{Jo xf] xf]Og
eg] efjL ;GttLn] xfdLnfO{ s'g
lsQfdf /fv]/ clezfksf] kfq agL
/xg] xf] < /fd|f] sfdsf] kl/0ffd
/fd|} x'G5 g/fd|f] sfdsf] kl/0ffd
g/fd|f] eg]cg';f/ hgefjgfnfO{
a'em]/ x/sbd rflnG5 eg] ;+;f/df
Tof] hlQ pQd k|hftGq c? s]xL
x' g ;Sb} g . ;a} d f Pstf x' g ]
zlStsf] ljsf; xf];\ .
ljkGg ju{nfO{ ;f9] @@ ca{ shf{ l;4fy{ a}+sn] $) s/f]8sf]

C0fkq laqmL ug]{
sf7df8f}F l;4fy{ a}s
+ n] ;+3;+:yf
/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu $) s/f]8
k}ofFsf] C0fkq -l8a]Gr/_ laqmL ug{]
ePsf] 5 . a}+sn] P;aLPn l8a]Gr/
@)&% C0fkq lg:sfzg cg'dltsf
nflu sl/a b'O{ ;ftfcl3 lwtf]kq
af]8{sf lgj]bg lbPsf] 5 . af]8{n]
o;nfO{ :jLs[ t ug{ afF s L 5 .
af] 8 { n fO{ lbOPsf] k| : tfjcg' ; f/
l8a]Gr/ lsGg]n] jflif{s !! k|ltzt
Aofh kfpg]5g\ . a}+sn] l8a]Gr/sf]
;fjfF ;ft jif{df lkmtf{ ug]{5 . of]
l8a]Gr/df nufgL ug]{n] cw{jflif{s
kdf Aofh kfpg]5g\, a}+ssf ljQ
tyf n]vf k|aGws /fdrGb| vgfnn]
eg] . /fi6 a}s
+ sf] lgb{z
] gcg';f/ k'h
F L
kof{Kttf cg'kft sfod ug{ l8a]Gr/
lg:sf;g ug{ nfu]sf] atfpFb} vgfnn]
eg], af]8a{ f6 kmfu'g;Dddf lg:sf;g
cg'dlt kfP r}tsf] klxnf] ;ftfdf
laqmL v'nf x'g5
] . a}s
+ sf] $) s/f]8
k}ofF a/fa/sf] l8a]Gr/dWo] #@
s/f]8 k}ofF a/fa/sf] cyf{t *)
k|ltzt kl/kq ljlwaf6 ;+3;+:yfsf

nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . afFsL @)
k|ltzt cyf{t * s/f]8 k}ofF a/fa/
;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf]
vgfnn] atfP . o;dWo] s'g} Ps
kIfsf] k"/f laqmL gePdf csf]{ kIfnfO{
laqmL ul/g]5 . l8a]Gr/df nufgL ubf{
nufgLstf{n] Go"gtd !) lsQfsf
nflu k|ltlsQf ! xhf/ k}ofFsf b/n]
lgj]bg lbg ;S5g\ . clwstd !)
n] lgif]z efu hfg] lg:sflzt s'n
/sd;Dd lgj]bg lbg ;Sg] vgfnn]
atfP . l8a]Gr/ hf/L ug{] 6:6L glan
OGe]:6d]G6 dr{G] 6 a}l+ s xf] .
5f] / f;/x
5f] / LnfO{ klg
:s'n k9\g
k7fcf} + .
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
xfd|f] clGtd nIo

;dfhjfb g} xf]
;ftfsf] s'/fsfgL
) kl5Nnf] s] G b| L o ;ldltsf]
a}7saf6
dfcfjfbL
kf6L{ l eqsf] ljjfb ;' l Nemof]
eGg] lyof] t/ Jojxf/df
To:tf] b] l vPg lg <
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq ljrf/, ax;
Pj+ ljjfb x'g' :jefljs g} xf] . s'g}
;do ljjfb Pj+ ax; pRr ultdf
x'G5 eg] slxn] dGb ultdf x'G5 .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq Tof] lg/Gt/
rln/xG5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltaf6 ;a}
ljifodf ;xdlt ePsf] xf]Og, s]xL
ljifodf dfq ;xdlt ePsf] xf] .
kf6L{sf] cfufdL sfo{lbzfaf/] ax;
hf/L g} 5 . ax; Pstfsf] nflu
hf/L 5 kf6L{df k"/f ;}4flGtskdf
Pstf ePsf] 5}g . /fhgLlts txdf
s]xL hl6ntfx 5g\ . To;nfO{

Jofks ax; ub}{ cufl8 a9\5f}F .
) t/, ax; hf/L 5 eGbf klg
kf6L{ n ] u/] s f lg0f{ o x g}
sfof{ G jog gePkl5 To;n]
kf6L{sf] 5ljdf cfFr k'ofpFb}g
/ <
xf], xfd|f] kf6L{df lg0f{o ug]{ t/
sfof{Gjog ug{ g;Sg] s]xL sdhf]/L
5 . sfo{stf{aLr o; ljifonfO{ lnP/
/f]rs 7f;d]t x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
qmflGtsf/Lxn] xf/ vfg' x'Fb}g .
lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] dfu{df cufl8
a9\g'k5{ . ca xfdL hgtfsf kIfdf
7"nf7"nf lg0f{o ub}{ sfof{Gjogsf]
r/0fdf k| j ] z ug' { k 5{ . lg0f{ o
sfof{Gjog gubf{ hgtfdf ljZjf;sf]
dfcf]jfbLsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df

;/sf/ aG5 eg] Tof] ;flRrs}
cy{df dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/ aGg'
k5{ t/ xf]Og, ;/sf/ Tof] lbzfdf
cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . gfd
dfq dfcf]jfbL Jojxf/df
vfcf]jfbL x'g] xf] eg] To;n]
hgtfdf kf6L{sf] 5lj lu5{ .
--hgtf, /fi6sf] ;]jf ug{ dfcf]jfbL tof/ 5 .
s;}n] rfxFbd
} f dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ bfx|f /
g\u|f gePsf] af3h:tf] agfpg ;Sb}g .
;+;b\jfbLx To;tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ t/
pgLxsf] rfxgf sbflk k"/f x'bF g} .
;+;b\jfbLx h;/L x'G5, ljZjaf6
sDo'lg:6nfO{ Wj:t kfg{ nfu]sf 5g\ . Tof]
pgLxsf] ;kgf sbflk k"/f x'bF g} .
--dfcf]jfbL ljrf/wf/fnfO{ c;kmnl;4 u/]/
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ qmflGtsf/L wf/af6 ljd'v agfpg]
k|k~r eO/x]sf] 5 . of] vt/faf6 kf6L{
g]tT[ jn] kf7 l;s]/ cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 .
kf6L{nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ g;lsPsf] s'/f ;xL xf] .

kf6L{leq ljs[lt a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
/fli6o / cGt/f{li6o kdf jftfj/0f tof/ ePkl5 ljb|fx] ug{ s;}n]
/f]Sg ;Sb}g, Tolta]nf ljb|fx] x'G5 .
tTsfn hgljb|fx] ;Dej 5}g, tTsfn To:tf] jftfj/0f klg b]lvbg} .
qmflGtsf/Lxn] xf/ vfg' x'b
g
} . lg/Gt/ qmflGtsf] dfu{df
cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ .
gf/fo0f zdf{ kf}8]n, kf]ln6Ao'/f] ;b:o Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL
jftfj/0f sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
) clxn] tkfO{ + s f] kf6L{ s f]
g] t [Tjdf ;/sf/ 5 t/
;/sf/sf] sfo{ z } n L x] b f{
hgtf ?i6 5g\ , To;n] t
kf6L{ s f] 5ljdf ;d] t cfF r
k' ofof] xf] O g / <
;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLsf] gfddf 5 t/
sfd To:tf] x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .
dfcf]jfbLsf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/
aG5 eg] Tof] ;fF l Rrs} cy{ d f
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/ aGg'k5{ t/ xf]Og,
;/sf/ Tof] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g
;s]sf] 5}g . gfd dfq dfcf]jfbL
Jojxf/df vfcf]jfbL x'g] xf] eg] To;n]
hgtfdf kf6L{sf] 5lj lu5{ . clxn]
dfcf] j fbL g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/nfO{
;a} l t/af6 c;kmn agfpg] ,
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/ klg s:tf] x'g]
/x]5 eGg] b]vfpg], e/fO{, k'ikdsn
bfxfn ;a} p:t} t x'g lg eGg] kfg]{
e| d 5g] { if8\ o Gq eO/x] s f] 5 .
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ c;kmnl;4 ug{ ljleGg
If]qaf6 cfqmd0f ePsf] 5 . To;af6
qmflGtsf/Lx ljrlnt x'g'x'Fb}g .
dfcf]jfbL ljrf/wf/fnfO{ c;kmnl;4
u/]/ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ qmflGtsf/L wf/af6
ljd'v agfpg] k|k~r eO/x]sf] 5 .
of] vt/faf6 kf6L{ g]tT[ jn] kf7 l;s]/
cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 .
) tkfO{ + x k" / } d' n ' s nfO{
kfGt/0f u5'{ eg]/ hgo'4df
nfUg'eof] t/ cfg} kf6L{nfO{
kfGt/0f ug{ ;Sg' ePg
lg < of] :jLsfg'{ x'G5 <
kf6L{nfO{ kfGt/0f ug{ g;lsPsf]
s'/f ;xL xf] . kf6L{leq ljs[lt a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . ljZj ;dfhnfO{ lzIff
lbg ;lsG5 eg]/ ;'? ul/Psf] xfd|f]
cfGbf]ngdf cfkm}F kfGt/0f x'g
g;Sbf Pp6f b'Mvb\ cj:yf cfOk/]sf]
5 . g]kfnL /fhgLltdf cGo kf6L{sf]
g]t[Tjsf] t'ngfdf xfd|f] kf6L{sf] 5lj
cfkm}F /fd|f] 5 . t/, sDo'lg:6 ;+3if{df
nfUg' k 5{ . To;n] kf6L{ n fO{
l;4fGtcg' ; f/sf] Jojxf/df
k'ofpF5 .
) ;+ ; b\ j fbL
kf6L { x n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ bfx|f / g\u|f
gePsf] af3h:tfd] agfpF 5 f} F
eGy] 7\ o fSs} + To:t} cj:yf
cfof] lg xf] O g <
xfd|f] kf6L{ To:t} cj:yf t k'us
] f]
5} g . hgtf, /fi6 s f] ;] j f ug{
dfcf]jfbL tof/ 5 . s;}n] rfxFb}df
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{nfO{ bfx|f / g\u|f
gePsf] af3h:tf] agfpg ;Sb}g .
;+;b\jfbLx To;tkm{ nfu]sf 5g\
t/ pgLxsf] rfxgf sbflk k"/f
x'Fb}g . ;+;b\jfbLx h;/L x'G5,
ljZjaf6 sDo'lg:6nfO{ Wj:t kfg{
nfu]sf 5g\ . Tof] pgLxsf] ;kgf

sbflk k"/f x'bF g} . hgtfnfO{ clwsf/
;DkGg agfpg] ;jfndf xfdL
h:tf];'s} sfdsf/jfxL u/]/ cufl8
a9\g tof/ 5f}F . xfdLnfO{ s;}n] bfx|f
/ g\uf| gePsf] af3 agfpg ;Sb}g .
To:tf] k|of; s;}n] u5{ eg] pm cfkm}F
l;l4P/ hfG5 eGg]df z+sf gubf{
x'G5 .
) /fli6o ;/sf/ agfpg]
ljifodf s' / f p7] s f] lyof] ,
To; ljifodf s] eO/x] s f]
5 <
/fli6o ;/sf/ u7gsf] ljifodf
kf6L{leq / aflx/ ax; rn]sf] 5 .
clxn]sf] cfjZostf klg /fli6o
;xdlts} ;/sf/ xf] . kf6L{sf g]tfx
/fli6o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7gdf
h'6]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf
ef/tsf] x:tIf]k /xFb} cfPsf] s'/f
;j{ljlbt} 5 . o; ;Gbe{df /fli6o
;xdltsf] ;/sf/ agfpg glbg]
jftfj/0f rln/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
nfU5, To:tf] if8\oGqnfO{ lrb}{ xfdL
/fli6o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/ u7g ug{
;S5f}F . d'n'snfO{ zflGt / ;+ljwfg
lbg klg ca /fli6o ;xdltsf]
;/sf/sf] ljsNk 5}g . g]tfx
To;tkm{ uDeL/ aGg h?/L 5 .
) h] 7 !$ leq tkfO{ + x n]
rfx] h :tf] ;+ l jwfg cfpg] d f
ljZj:t x' g ' x ' G 5 <
xfdLn] rfx]h:tf] ;+ljwfg aGg]
cj:yf 5}g . t/, xfdL To;cg'sn
" sf]
jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ k|of;df 5f}F . xfd|f]
k|of; hgtf, /fi6sf] kIfdf x'g] vfnsf]
;+ljwfg agfpg s]lGb|t x'G5 . t/,
;+;b\jfbLx hgtfnfO{ dflns agfpg]
vfnsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg rfxFbg} g\ .
To;af6 xfdL ;hu x'gk} 5{ . hgtfsf]
;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg agfpg]
k|of; xfd|f] kf6L{n] clGtd cj:yf;Dd
u5{ . xfdL if8\oGqnfO{ lrb}{ cufl8
a9\g] k|of; u5f}+{ .
) hgtfn] rfx] h :tf] ;ljwfg
gag
tkfO{ + x n]
gag]] k l5
n ]
hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbPsf] ePg
/ <
xfd|f] clGtd nIo ;dfhjfb g}
xf] . tTsfnLg nIo gofF hgjfbdf
k'Ug] xf] . clxn] xfdLn] eg]h:tf]
;+ljwfg ag]g eg] klg xfd|f] nIo
hf/L /xG5 . xfdL cfgf] nIoaf6
ljrlnt x'g'x'Fb}g . hgtfnfO{ lbPsf]
afrf h;/L klg k"/f ug'{ h?/L 5 .
xfdL hgtfnfO{ s'g} klg wf]sf lbg
;Sb}gf}F . hgtfsf ;kgf k"/f ug]{ xfd|f]
bfloTj xf] . xfdL xfd|f] nIok|lt b[9
5f}F . xfdL xfd|f] nIok|ltsf] dfu{df
cl8u 5f}F .
) eg]kl5 clxn] tTsfn
hgljb| f ] x ;Dej 5} g <

tTsfn hgljb|f]x ;Dej 5}g,
tTsfn To:tf] jftfj/0f klg
b]lvFbg} . zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn] qmflGt
x'G5 eGg] s'/f xfdL ;}4flGtskdf
ljZj:t 5}gf}F . zflGtk"0f{ tl/sfn]
qmflGt gx'g] ePkl5 hgljb|f]xsf]
ljsNk 5}g . xfdL hgljb|fx] dfkm{t\
qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ u/L cufl8
a9\ g ' k 5{ . ljb| f ] x sf] jftfj/0f
algxfNof] eGg] s'/f clxn] 5}g .
t/, xfdLn] To:tf] jftfj/0f agfpg]
sfo{ kxnsb\dL lng}k5{ . /fli6o
/ cGt/f{li6o kdf jftfj/0f
tof/kl5 ljb|fx] ug{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g,

Tolta]nf ljb|f]x x'G5 .
) cGTodf yk s]xL eGg
rfxg' x ' G 5 <
d' n ' s clxn] ;+ q md0fsfnaf6
u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . xfdL /fi6sf] kl/jt{gsf]
nflu h:tf];'s} sbd rfNg klg kl5
kg' { x' F b } g . kf6L{ l eq b] v fk/] s f
sdLsdhf]/LnfO{ ;RofpFb} cufl8
a9\ g ' k 5{ . kf6L{ n fO{ ;' w f/ u/] /
kfGt/0f u/]/ cufl8 a9\gk' 5{ . xfdL
alnof] x'gsf] nflu kf6L{nfO{ ;'b9[ Ls/0f
ub}{ xfd|f] nIo k|flKtsf] lbzftkm{
cufl8 a9\g kf6L{ Psl9Ssf x'g'k5{ .
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq ljrf/, ax;

Pj+ ljjfb x'g' :jefljs g} xf] .
s'g} ;do ljjfb Pj+ ax; pRr
ultdf x'G5 eg] slxn] dGb
ultdf x'G5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{leq
Tof] lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 .
--clxn] xfdLn] eg]h:tf] ;+ljwfg
ag]g eg] klg xfd|f] nIo hf/L
/xG5 . xfdL cfk\mgf] nIoaf6
ljrlnt x'gx' b' g
} . hgtfnfO{
lbPsf] afrf h;/L klg k"/f ug'{
h?/L 5 . xfdL hgtfnfO{ s'g} klg
wf]sf lbg ;Sb}gf}+ . hgtfsf ;kgf
k"/f ug]{ xfd|f] bfloTj xf] .
--d'ns
' nfO{ zflGt /
;+ljwfg lbg klg ca
/fli6o ;xdltsf] ;/sf/sf]
ljsNk 5}g . g]tfx?
To;tkm{ uDeL/ aGg
h?/L 5 .
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
sf7df8f}+ / ljsNk
sf7df8f}F, b]z}el/sf lgwf{ /

lgd'vfsf nflu ;fFRr}sf] lgb{oL 5 .
Psbd} lgi7'/ 5 . cem Tof]eGbf a9L
q'm/ klg 5 . tyfslyt ;Eo /
;DkGgsf nflu eg] km]l/ oxL sf7df8f}F
:ju{ 5 . sf7df8f} F d f g] k fnsf
zf;sx a:5g\, zlStzfnL b]zsf
/fhb"tfaf; 5g\, s"6gLlts lgof]u
/ bft[ /fi6sf bftfxn] lbgx'F cf]xf]/
bf]xf]/ u5{g\, xfd|f zf;ssf sfg
k'mS5g\, ltg}sf cufl8 xfd|f g]tfx
em'S5g\, em'sfOsf cg'kftdf xfd|f
k|fs[lts / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf cyf{t\
vf]nfgfnf / gbLx ;'S5g\, To;}n]
of] b]zsf] /fhwfgL klg xf] . a:g t
sf7df8f}Fdf zfl;tx klg a:5g\ .
t/, tL hf] zfl;tx 5g\ /ftlbg
zf;ssf] ;] j fdf, cx| g v6gdf
rN5g\ ltgsf nflu klg of] :ju{ g}
xf]nf . hf] cx|gv6gsf] lj/f]w u5{g,\
:jfwLg / :jfledfgL dfG5] eP/ afFRg]
k|of; u5{g\, ltgsf nflu of] ;w}F
gs{ g} /Xof] . pxL Pp6} sf7df8f}F
yf]/s
} f nflu :ju{ 5 eg] w]/s
} f nflu
gs{ 5 . yf]/}sf nflu a/bfg ePsf]
sf7df8f}F w]/}sf nflu clezfk 5 .
To;}n] sf7df8f}F a/bfg / clezfk
b'j} xf] . :ju{ / gs{ b'j} xf] .
sf7df8f}d
F f kz'klt / u'xZ] j/L 5g\ .
a" 9 fgLns07 / :joDe" 5g\ .
blIf0fsfnL / eb|sfnL 5g\ . s'df/L
/ u0f] z 5g\ . sflnsf:yfg /
d}tLb]jL 5g\ . ;+s6fb]jL / dxfsfnL
5g\ . snL / sflngL 5g\ . o:t}
o:t} slt xf] slt 5g\, 5g\ / 5g\ .
6f]n}lkR5], uNnLuNnLdf b]jLBf}tf
5g\ . leQfleQfdf eujfg\ 5g\ .
elgG5 of] dlGb/} dlGb/sf] ;x/ xf],
oxfFsf x/]s 7fpFdf b]jtfsf] af; 5 .
To;}n] w]/}sf] cf; klg 5 . ha Tof]
cf;df t'iff/fkft x'G5, b]jLBf}tfn]
;d] t cfg} /Iff ug{ ;Sb} g g\ ,
To;kl5 oxfFsf] k'/fgf] rngrNtLsf]
Joj:yfsf] ;j{gfz x'G5 . ha k'/fgf
b]jtfk|ltsf] ljZjf; 36\5 ta oxfF
cg]syl/ cfGbf]ng x'G5g\ . To;sf]
;kmntfkl5 gofF b]jtfn] df}sf
kfpF5g\ . hxfFtxLFaf6 sk6snfsf
kf]Vt dfG5] hlt ot} cf]Ol/G5g\,
g/gf/fo0f cfq]o
cfpF5g\, slt c6fpF5g\ < sf]rfsf]r

/ vf]rfvf]raf6 pbfpF5g\ . clg
gofFsf] k'mtL{ a6\5 . a9]sf] k'mtL{
r'lnG5, kf]lvG5 . l6Kg vf]Hg]n]
kfpFbg} . gvf]Hg]n] el/el/ ef/L af]s/]
n}hfG5 . ;'8fgsf] p8fg / nfp8fsf]
b]p8f p:t}p:t} xf], sf7df8f}dF f o:t}
x'G5 . x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;/L g} ;do
6/]sf] 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf] cf]h klg
To;/L g} tntn em/] s f] 5 .
sf7df8f}Fsf] ;'/Iffy{ rf/}lt/ cUnf
cUnf kxf8n] 3]/]sf 5g\ . ltg}nfO{
sf7df8f} F a f;Ln] lryf] / ] s f 5g\ ,
sf]k/]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}Fsf] sfF7 /
kmfF 6 nfO{ l;l~rt ug{ afUdtL,
lji0f'dtL / zfnLgbL klg aU5g\ .
ltg}k|lt oxfFsf dflnssf] ;xfg'e"lt
5}g . x]K5g\, r]K5g\ / dflyaf6 kmf]x/
kfN5g\, xU5g\ . lz/b]lv lt/;Dd
x]l/;fWo} 5}g . dlthlt ;a} b'ul{ Gwt
5g\ . ToxL b' u { G wleq ult g
kltsfnfO{ tfg{ gfp 5 . gofFgofF
rf]/xsf] a9]sf] efp 5 . htftt}
h'jfsf vfn 5g\ . ;a}sf] cfcfgf]
bfp 5 . Sofl;gf]sf] l;gf]sf] dfq} s]
s'/f ug{'x'G5 xh'/ < oxfF dfG5]sf
ck|Tosf] df]ndf]nfO{ x'G5 . x/]s
s'gfdf dfgjLo ;+jb] gzLntf ?G5 .
v}, s;sf] s'/f sf] ;'G5 < ;'Gb}g .
xf], sf7df8f}G olt;Dd q'm/ 5, ;fx|}
e'm/ 5 . hlt oxfF b/af/ 5g\, pltg}
cem To;sf] bf]Aa/t]Aa/ eg] klg
x'G5 a]3/af/ 5g\ . slxn]sfxLF b/af/
/ a]3/af/sf aLrsf] 3D;f3D;L
x]gn
{ fossf] x'G5 . ha Tof] kfossf]
] f],
x'G5 . cUnf] kvf{n / tf/af/n] 3]/s
6f9}af6 x]/]sf], l;wf;fbf g]kfnLn]
l5g} { gkfpg] l;+ x b/af/leq
df};dcg';f/sf] v]tLkftL dfq} xf]Og
oxfF, lylt / a]lyltsf] klg Jofkf/ /
cf];f/k;f/ x'G5 . lxpFbd} c;f/ x'G5,
;fpgdf r}t / r}tdf ebf}sf] hbf}
x'gn
' fO{ cGoyf gdfg] x'G5 . ta hbf}n]
h8fp/L kfpF5, c?n] kfpFbg} lsgls
:jfledfgnfO{ hbf} eGg sbflk
cfpFb}g . To;}n] p;n] s'g} efp
kfpFb}g . ;Qf, eQf, s';L{, kb, k};f,
kx'Fr ;a} hbf}sf] h8f]/Ldf l6s]sf

5g\ . tkfO{+ cfkm}+ lrGg';\ / eGg';,\
To;df sf] sf] , s;/L / lsg,
slthltdf las] s f 5g\ <
xfdLh:tfnfO{ d'v} kmf]/]/ eGg cln
ufx|f] x'G5 xh'/ uw{g lrnfPsf] 5}g,
To;}n] eGg] lxDdt klg cfpFb}g .
sf7df8f}Fdf clxn] u/Lasf nflu
UofF; 5}g, em'k|fdf ;dodf eft
kfSb}g, To;}n] uf; klg 5}g . lah'nL
5}g, To;}n] em'k|f dfq} xf]Og, cFWof/f]
uNnLdf klg aQL aNb}g . rflxPsfnfO{
rflxPsf] a]nfdf dlt]n klg kfOFbg} .
k]6f]n t 7"nfa8fsf] t]n xf] . UofF;
/ lah'nL jf t]nsf] Jofkf/ klg t
dHh}sf] v]n xf] . oxL v]ndf 8'Ag] /
plqg]xsf sf/0f clxn] ;fF9]sf]
h'wfO afR5fsf] ldrfO eO/x]sf] 5 .
;Sg]n] lht]sf] 5, g;Sg]n] xf/]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] oxL xf/ / lhtnfO{ clGtd
eGg ;lsGg . of] ef]ln klg x'G5 .
kl;{ klg x'g5
] . lgkl;{, sfg]kl;{ x'bF }
dlxgf / jiff}{+jif{;Dd rNg] of] v]n
lxhf] lyof], cl:t klg lyof] . lxhf]
cl:tn] a? cfk"m;Sbf] Joj:yfkg ug{
;s]sf] lyof] . ef]ln, kl;{, lgkl;{ /
sfg]kl;{n] ug{ ;Snf g;Snf o;} eGg
;lsGg . oxfF t ltvf{ nfUbf lkpg]
kfgL klg 5}g . d]nDrLsf] ;kgf x]g{
yfn]sf] jiff{+} eO;Sof], h'u uO;Sof]
t}klg sfsfs'n k|tLIff/t 5f}F .
xfdLh:tf;Fu k|tLIff ug{' l;jfo csf]{
ljsNk klg t 5}g . ljsNk vf]Hg]
sfd 7"nfa8fsf] dfq} xf] c/] . cfg}
nf]eL /x/n] ljhf]u ef]u]sf ljfg\
afa' / fdsf] klg ljsNk tof/
kfl/Fb5
} . Tof] ljsNk cfkm}F ot} tof/
gx'g] /x]5 . slyt lglj{sNk dflnsn]
kfl/ tof/ kfl/lbg] ljsNksf] Dofb
klg pg}n] pt} tf]lslbg] xf]nfg\ .
ue{df /x]sf] Tof] ljsNk ;txdf
cfPkl5sf] cfo' slt xf]nf < clxNo}
eGg ;lsGg . xfdL efUodf hf] a9L
ljZjf; u5f}+{ ltg}sf] e/ k5f}+{ .
cgfysf gfy kz'kltgfydf cfgf]
xft hugf{y ug{ klg t pt}sf k/]]
x'sd' af;Ln] ;'sd' af;LnfO{ lj:yflkt
ug{] rng hxfFtxLF 5 . sf7df8f}Fdf

klg 5 . cUnf dxn jl/kl/ em'k|f
x'g' /fhwfgL / cem dxfgu/kflnsf
3f]lift ;x/sf] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ laufg]{ xf] .
xf], ;fFRr} xf] . t/, ltg} dxn agfpg
dhb'/ klg t rflxG5g\ lg xf]g
/ < u/La, dhb'/ / ls;fgsf] lg;fg
geP of] b'lgofF olt ;'Gb/ / g
lemlnldnL x'G5, g afFRg ;S5 . t/,
ltg} u/La, dhb'/ / ls;fgsf]
gfdf]lg;fg df:g pBt 5 sf7df8f}F .
hgo' 4 sf a] n f sAhf u/] s f
b]z}el/sf dflnssf] ;DklQ lkmtf{
cleofg / hg;Qfsf] ckdfg,
hgcbfntsf] pk]Iff / wgcbfntsf]
ck] I ff, :jTjx/0fsf] ;Ddfg /
:jfledfgdflysf] ckdfg clxn]
sf7df8f}Fsf] d'Vo sfd ePsf] 5 .
o;}df gofF wgjfbLsf] af]nafnf 5 .
a}+s vftf, r]s, n8fs', cGt/snx,
cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k, ;+ljwfg;efsf]
sfo{kflnsf dfly x]/km]/, ;xdlt,
ljdlt, jf:tf, r'gf}tL / kf}F7]hf]/L
v]nfO{ clxn]sf sf7df8f}s
F f d'Vo
sfdx x'g\ . o:tf sfddf b]zL
ljb]zL zlSts]Gb|sf] rf;f] 5 . ToxL
rf;f] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf nflu unkf;f]
ePsf] 5 . t/ klg sf7df8f}F d:t
5 . ;'jx;fd Jo:t 5 .
sf7df8f}Fn] sf7df8f}FnfO{ dfq}
laufg{ / l;F u fg{ ] sfd ub} { g .
sf7df8f} F n ] sfF s 8lefb] l v
s~rgk' / ;Dd, d' : tfb] l v
dr{jf/;Ddsf] rf}lsNnfnfO{ l;Fufg{
/ laufg{ ;S5 . l;Fufg{ yfn] t
/fd|} x'GYof] lg cfg} cnfO{
lauf/]/ df]h u5{ j}/LnfO{ af]nfP/
ef]h u5{ / kf] aaf{b ePsf] 5 .
sf7df8f}F olt;Dd lgs[i6 5 ls
elg;fWo} 5} g . o;n] u/] s f
hglj/f]wL, b]z3ftL / cfTd3ftL
sfd ulg;fWo 5}g . To;}n] t x/]s
g]kfnLn] o;sf] klg ljsNk vf]Hg
yfn]sf 5g\ . ;+3Lotfsf] af6f] /f]Hg
yfn]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}F olb g/d
ePsf] eP, ;j{;'ne / ;j{lk|o x'g
;s]sf] eP, ;'/Do / ;'uDo x'g
;s] s f] eP s;} n ] klg ljsNk
vf]Hb}gYof] xf]nf lg
aQL cgckm P;PdP;af6
sf7df8f}F . kGb]xL n'lDagL

OlGhlgol/ sn]hsf ljBfyL{n] Jo:t
dflg;sf b}lgs hLjgdf kg]{ ;d:of
;dfwfgsf] pkfo lgsfn]sf 5g\, tkfO{
aQL glgefO{ clkm; hfg'eof] < k+vf
aGb gu/L 3/af6 lg:sg'eof] < df]6/
rnfP/ kfgL tfGg'kg{] kf] xf] ls <
ca gcflQg' ; \ . a? P;PdP;
ug{';\ . hxfF eP klg tkfO{+n] u/]sf]
P;PdP;n] 3/sf] :jLr cfkm}F v'Ng]
/ aGb x'g] ub{5 . aLO{ OlGhlg/o/
ul//x]sf pgLxn] P;PdP; a]:8
xf]d cKnfoG; sG6fn
] / agfPsf x'g\ .
o;sf nflu 3/df P;PdP; ;'ljwf
ePsf] l8efO; /flvG5 . To;kl5
3/df ;a} ljB'tLo :jLr gDa/
tf]lsG5 . To;}sf] ;xof]udf tkfO{+n]
h'g;'s} df]afOnaf6 klg P;PdP;
u/] 3/sf :jLr cfkm}F v'Ng] / aGb
x'g] u5{ . b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]u ug{

;lsg] of] k|ljlw Tolt dxFuf] klg
5}g . k|ljlw lgdf{tf ;d"xsf ljBfyL{
;'zLn ;fksf]6f eG5g\ . sl/a !)
xhf/ k}ofF nufgL ug{] xf] eg] ;a}
sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . of] k|ljlw k|of]u
ug{] xf] eg] cfk"m aflx/ /x]sf] ;dodf
clxn] h:tf] nf]8;]l8 eO/xg]
;dodf lah'nL cfPkl5 3/df kfgL
rnfpg, aQL afNg jf la;{/] lg:s]df
k+vfsf aQL lgefpg pkof]uL x'g]
pgn] atfP . ljBfyL{xn] agfPsf]
of] k|ljlw pgLx cWoog/t sn]h
/ lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{noxn]
k|of]u ug{ dufO;s]sf 5g\ . sIffdf
;docg';f/ 306L aHg], JolStlkR5]
k+vf / aQL v'Ng] / jf aGb x'g]
k|ljlwsf] ljsf; klg pgLxn] u/]sf
5g\ .
afnaflnsf cfof]u u7g ug{ dfu

sf7df8f}+ . afnaflnsf zflGtIf]q
afn;+/If0f /fli6o cleofg -l;hk_ n]
afnaflnsfsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{
afnaflnsf cfof]u u7g ug{ dfu u/]sf]
5 . l;hkn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/L gofF
aGg] ;+ljwfgdf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/
;'lglZrt ug{k' g]{ / afnaflnsfsf ;d:of
;dfwfg ug{ afnaflnsf cfof]uaf/] ;+ljwfgd}
pNn]v ug{k' g]d{ f hf]8 lbPsf] xf] .
cleofgn] ;+;b\ tyf dlGqkl/ifb\df
k]; ePsf tyf ljleGg r/0fdf /x]sf
gofF sfg'g tyf gLltx? h:t} b]jfgL
tyf kmf} h bf/L ;+ l xtf ljw] o s,
afnaflnsf;DaGwL ljw]os, /fli6o afn

gLltnufotnfO{ clwsf/ ;Ddt agfpg]
/ afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf kof{Kt ah]6
ljlgof]hg ug{n] ufotsf ljifodf bafj
lbg] k|;] lj1lKtdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
cleofgsf cWoIf tf/s lwtfnn]
afnaflnsfnfO{ /fhgLlts :jfy{sf nflu
k|of]u ug{gx'g] atfP . pgn] eg]
ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]q agfpg]
cleofgnfO{ Jofks agfpg xfn} hf/L
ul/Psf] ljBfno zflGt If]q /fli6o 9fFrf
/ sfof{Gjog lgb]l{ zsf, @)^* sf]
sfof{Gjog ug{ h?/L 5 .
kG5Lx?sf] aw ug]{ tyf df;'sf] pkef]u ug]{ k|j[lQ kl/jt{g u/f}+ .

a8{k\mn h:tf kG5LhGo /f]ux?sf] lgoGq0fdf ;xefuL agL,
cfk"m klg arf}+ ;dfhnfO{ klg arfcf}+ .
kG5Lx?sf] aw 3/aflx/ kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf 6f9f ug]{ u/f}F .
s'v'/f sf6]kl5 e'OF /fd|f];Fu kvfNg], k'5\g] -lg;+qmd0f_ u/f}F .
aw ul/;s]kl5 s'v'/f tyf sfFrf] df;'sf] n;k;af6 afnaflnsfx?nfO{
6f9} /fvf}F .
df;' sf6]kl5 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/, ;'nL, Kjfn cflbnfO{ hyfefjL gkmfnL
vfN8f]df uf8\g] jf hnfpg] u/f}F .
s'v'/f;Fusf] n;k; tyf df;' sf6\g] sfd ;lsPkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu
xft w'g] u/f}F .
leqL efu;Dd /fd|f];Fu kfs]sf] s'v'/fsf] df;' dfq vfg] u/f}F .
la/fdL jf d/]sf s'v'/fsf] df;' s'g} klg cj:yfdf vfg] gu/f}F .
c08fsf] leqL;Dd ;fx|f] x'g] cj:yf;Dd pdfn]/ of ksfP/ vfg] u/f}F .
a8{km\ n' /f]usf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0fdf xfdL ;a}sf] k|lta4tf

g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz' ;]jf ljefu
Pleog OGk\mn'oGhf lgoGq0f cfof]hgf

a"9fgLns07, sf7df8f},F kmf]gM $^%)!@*&, $^%)$(!, $^%)!@*
ldlynf lrqsnf M h;n] ldlynfnfO{ lrgfp5

jL/]Gb| /d0f
d}lynL efiff g]kfnsf] wg'iff dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL, l;/xf ;Kt/L ;lxtsf] lhNnfdf
af]Ng] ul/G5 . oxL efiffefifLxsf lardf kfO{g] snfnfO{ ldlynf nf]ssnf
elgG5 . nf]ssnf nf]ssnf ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . nf]ssf] cy{;x/ . ufpdf
km}lnPsf] Tof] ljzfn hg;d'bfo ;Fu ;DalGwt 5, h;sf] Jojxfl/s 1fgsf]
cfwf/ k':ts geP/ ;dfhdf lg/Gt/ kn] rln/x]sf] Jojxf/ l;t ;DalGwt
5 . d}lynL nf]s lrqsnfsf] k/Dk/fsf] O{ltxf; slDtdf klg kfFr xhf/
k'/fgf] /x]sf] ;fF:s[lts lj1xsf] syg /x]sf] 5 . oL lrqsnfxdf kfOg]
ln+u / of]lgsf k|ltsxnfO{ k'hf ug]{ k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . hf] o;sf] k|of]u vf;
u/]/ sf]xj/df x]g{ ;lsG5 . ldlynf~rnsf] ;fF:s[lts w/f]x/nfO{ ;do ;oddf
ljZj:t/df k|lt:yflkt ug{ ;d]t k|oTGx gePsf] xf]Og . h;df ldlynfsf]
snf ;flxTo tyf ;fFsl[ ts u9sf] kdf Voflt k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ldynf jf
ljb]x /fHo ;gfgt lxGb' wd{ / cWoflTds lrGtgsf] b[li6sf]0fn] Hofb} dxTjk'0f{
dflgG5 . To;}n] o; /fHosf] j0f{g k|frLg ljleGg ;flxToxdf kfOG5 .
o;sf] Oltxf; vf]TfNg] j}lbs sfnsf] s'/f gu/L w/} kfOb}g . j}lbs sfnsf]
pQ/f4{ ;Dddf oh'jb{] , ;fdj]b, cy{jb] pklgifb / j|fXd0f ;flxTox cfO{;s]sf
lyP . CUj]b o;eGbf lgs} klxn] cfPsf] dflgG5 . j}lbs ;do O=k' !%)),%))
;DdnfO{ dflgG5 . oL wfld{s u|Gyxdf cfo{x pQ/ klZrd ef/tjif{af6
lj:tf/} k'j{ tyf blIf0flt nfUb} uPsf] tyf s'?, kfF~rfn, sf]zn, duw ljb]x
/fHox /x]sf] pNn]v 5 . s'?If]q tyf u+uf / od'gfsf] tl6o If]q cfo{
;+:s[lts s]Gb|sf kdf lj;lh{t x'g yfNof] .
cfo{x klg 3'dGt] lhjg 5f8]/ :yfoL ;+ul7t kdf /xg yfn]sf lyP .
kmn:jk cg]s If]qdf ljsf; x'g yfNof] . ljb]x /fHosf] ljsf; oL j}lbs
o'udf cfo{x km}lnb} hfbf ePsf] xf] . CUj]b ljb]xsf af/]df pNn]v gx'ga' f6
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljb]xsf] :yfkgf ePsf] x'gk' b{5 . ztky a|fDx0f gfds
a|fXd0f ;flxTodf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ljb]x cfkmgf] k'/f]lxt uf}td/x'0fsf ;fy
;/:jtLsf] t6jlt{ k|bz
] af6 ;bflg/ u08s t/]/ ljb]x k'lu /fHo :yfkgf
u/]sf] a'lemG5 . /fdfo0fdf lz/Wjh hgsn] ldlynfsf Ps zf;s ;'wGjfnfO{
df/]/ cfkmgf] efO{nfO{ zf;s agfPsf] s'/f pNn]v 5 . oLg} lz/Wjh hgssf
;Gtfg x'g elGgG5 . csf]{ egfO{cg';f/ od'gf glbsf] afl9af6 xl:tgfk'/
Wj:t ePkl5 /fhf hgs ljb]x cfPsf x'g . ljb]xsf] Oltxf;df /fhf hgssf]
zf;gsfn eg] dxTjk'0f{ dflgG5 . logsf] /fhwfgL ldlynf lyof] . To;}n] of]
If]q ldlynf k|bz
] gfdn] lrlgG5 . ldlynf nf]slrqsnfdf ljBdfg cflbd
tTjx eg]sf] ;/n jqm b'O{ rf/ 7f8f t];f{ ;dfGt/ cflb /]vfxaf6
lqsf]0f, j[t, rqm ePsf k|f/lDes cltl/Qm cg]s P]ltsxfl;s j}lbs sflng
cf}klgiflb tyf pQ/ dWosflng tTjx kfO{G5 . ldlynf nf]s lrqsnfdf
cg';Gwfg u/]sf hLt axfb'/ /fodfemL n]V5g cfw'lgs j}1flgs cfwf/df
vf]hL ubf{ l;Gw' 3f6L ;Eotf dfly cfo{xn] sAhf u/]kl5 cfo{;Eotfsf]
:yfkgf / lj:tf/s} k|lqmofdf ldlynfsf] :yfkgfsfndf pbfx/0fx df]xg
hf]8bf x8Kof df6fsf ef8fsf cjz]ifxdf kfOPsf c+lst lrqx / ldlynfsf
e'mkl8sf leQfdf n]lvPsf lzjln+u k]6df aRrfsf] lrq c+lst xfQLsf] lrq
lkknsf] kft b'O{ kl ;Dd'v r/f jf kz'sf] c+lst lrq cflb;+u t'ngf ug{
;lsG5 . o;}k/Dk/faf6 ljsl;t x'b} nf]slrqsnf s]xL cfw'lgs :jk u|x0f
u/] . h;nfO{ ldlynf lrqsnf elgG5 . klxn]sf] :jkdf /x]sf] snfnfO{
cl/kg elgG5, hf] kfjg ltxf/df k|of]u ul/G5 .
ldlynf snfsf] o;sf] 5'66} df}lnstf 5 . dfgljo cg'el' t oyf{t klrq
o; z}nL cGtu{t kb{5g . k|tLsfTds / ;fFsl] ts ljDaxs} ;dli6 ldng
/]vfaf6 o; nf]ssnfn] kf}/fl0fs syfj:t'sf /f]rs 36gfjnLnfO{ kR5ofP/
k|:t't ug]{ ub{5 . elgG5 ldlynf snf g} Toxfsf lhjgz}nLsf oyf{t gd'gf
x'g . o;sf] df}lns ljif]ztf / lhljt kl/kf6L xf] . dlxnf lzNkLxsf cg';f/
o;sf] syf a'em]sf] 5 / xft al;;s]sf] 5 eg] Pp6f s[lt Ps} lbgdf tof/
x'G5 . snfsf/df nfdf] ;fwgf cWoog jf snfsf/Ltfdf ulx/fO{ klg x'g' h?/L
5}g . t/ o:tf lrqx Toxf k|To]s clgjfo{ dflgG5 . jf:tjdf ldlynfnf]s
lrqsnfsf] ljwfg k4lt s'g} zf:qLo lgod;+u gjflwsPsf]n] To;sf] ;f}Gbo{;DaGwL
d'NodfGotfsf] lgod klg bfz{lgs ;f}Gbo{ ;fz:qLo l;4fGt;+u ufl;Psf] 5}g .
snf / ;f}Gbo{sf] ;DaGw oblk 3lgi6 5 . snf rfx] OlGb|out kdf b[Zo xf];
jf ljwfut h'g;'s} ;[hgfsf qmddf ;|i6fnfO{ hlt cfslif{t ug],{ d'Uw kfg]{ /
;'Gb/ cg'el' t lbg] x'G5 . To:t} bz{s / >f]tfnfO{ klg cg'el' t k|bfg u5{ .
ldlynfsnfsf cGo ljwfdf klg To:t} ;f}Gbo{hgs k|efjsf/L tTjx 5g .
To;}n] t kbf{leq a:g] u[x0fLx klg k'm;{bsf] ;dodf snfsd{sf] ;fwgfdf
cEo;t /xG5g . ldlynfsnfnfO{ pkf;gf ljlwsf] Ps k|ltsfTds snf klg
dflgG5 . ldlynfsnfdf tGq bz{gsf] k|efj al9 ePsf] b]lvG5 . ldlynf lrqn]
;f:s[lts kdf a|Dxf, lji0f', dx]zsf] ;dlGjt k/Dk/fsf] kljq kl/ro k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . To;} /fdfo0f, dxfef/t nf]sufyfdf cg]s ;Gbe{df o; snfsf
l;h{gf zLif{s cfwfl/t x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 .
ldlynfsnf x'g] xftL 3f]8fnfO{ P]Zjo{sf] k|lts dflgG5 . To:t} ;"o,{ rGb|
bL3{ lhjgsf ljDa / xfF; do'/nfO{ ;'vzflGtsf] :jkdf lng] ul/Psf]
kfOG5 . sdnsf] k"mnnfO{ k|d] , ;f}Gbo{ / sf]dntf Pj+ gf/L lhjgsf] k|ltsfTds
k dflgG5g . o:tf k|tLsxsf] k|of]us} cfwf/df ldlynf snf kf/nf}lss
/ n}lu+s ul/ b'O{ efudf /x]sf] 5 . kf/nf}lss cGtu{t b]ljb]jtfsf lrqx;+u}
wfld{s / kf}/fl0fs ;+:sf/hGo lrqx kb{5g . To;}ul/ nf}lss lrqdf
kz'kI+ fL, ?vlj?jf, kxf8 cflbsf] lrqf+sg x'g] ub{5 . log} lrqkn] ldlynf
snfsf] P]ltxfl;s emns k|:t't ul/ snfTds r]tgfsf] k|;f/df Ps kfOnf
cufl8 k'us
] f] cg'ej u/fp5 . o; lsl;dsf] lrq agfpg cfjZos /+ux
klg 3/]n' ljlwaf6} tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . lk7f], jg:klt, sfnf] df];f] cflbaf6
km/s km/s /+u agfpg] ul/G5 . sfnf] /+un] lrq :jksf] k|fyldstf
cfs[ltsnfO{ emNsfp5 . o;/L g} cfjZostf cg';f/ c? /+u el/G5 .
d'ntM o;df k|tLsfTds / ;f+sl] ts lsl;dsf cy{ x'G5 . em x]bf{ a'lemg]
dfq xf]Og{ , lrq dfWodaf6 syfj:t' JofVof ug{ klg ;DejtM ;lsG5 .
ldlynf snfnfO{ dlxnfxsf] k]jf k]zfs} kdf lng ul/G5 . ljZjdf
dlxnfx dfq} o; k]zfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] kfO{G5 . d}lyln ;+:s[ltsf] If]qdf d'08g,
pkgfog ljjfx, lJb/fudg nfufot eft[ lb|ltof, >Lk+rdL lbkfjln ;Togf/fo0f
k'hf, rf}7rGb 57 h:tf cg'i7fgsf qmddf ljleGg lsl;dsf cl/kg ug{]
k/Dk/f /xb} cfPsf] 5 . ldlynf lrq snfdf ljleGg hgfj/xsf] k|of]u ;d]t
ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . ldlynfnf]snf d}lynL ;dfhs} nf]sbk{0f xf] h'g snfsf ;h{s
d}lynL u[x0fLx g} x'g . t/ ldlynfnf]snfsf cGo ljwfxdWo] uLt ;+uLt,
snf pkGof;, gf6o, g[To rnlrq cflbdf h:tf] lrqsnfdf To:tf ljs[ltxnfO{
cfnf]rgfTds cleJolQm ug]{ snf;[hgfsf] cefj kfOG5 . ldlynf If]qs}
dlxnfxn] wfGb} cfPsf] ldlynf snfsf] dxTj /fd / ;Ltfsf] ljjfxdf klg
k|rngdf cfPsf] kfOG5 . k/Dk/fut snf l;h{gfsf] cg'xf/ af]ss
] f] klg o;snfn]
cfh;Dd plts} cfsif{0f a6'ns
] f] 5 . t/ klg of] snf ljn'Kt x'g] cj:yfdf
k'us
] f] 5 . vf; u/]/ /fHon] o;sf] pTyfgsf] nflu vf;} Wofg lbPsf] b]lvb}gg .
/fHon] o;sf] Jofks k|rf/k|;f/ ul/ ahf/Ls/0f ul/of] eg] o;snfaf6 cfly{s
k|ult yk 6]jf k'Ug] 5 . ;fF:s[lts ljsf; ;d]t x'g] 5 . dw]z bk0f{af6
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
5 dlxgfdf ;f9] ^^ ca{ gfkmf

sf7df8f}F . g]kfn /fi6 a}sn]
;fj{hlgs u/]sf] rfn' cfly{s aif{sf]
^ dlxgf;Ddsf] ;du| cfly{ s
cj:yfaf/] k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ ^
dlxgfdf zf]wfgfGt/ art ^^ ca{
&@ s/f] 8 k' u ] s f] 5 . g] k fnsf]
zf]wfgfGt/ l:ylt aflxl/g] eGbf leqg]
/sd a9\g] qmd hf/L 5 . d+l;/
dlxgfdf ^! cj{ !( s/f]8n] artdf
/x]sf] zf]wfgfGt/ l:ytLdf Ps}
dlxgfdf % ca{ %@ s/f]8n] a9]sf]
5 . /]ld6\ofG; cfodf ePsf] pNn]Vo
j[l4sf sf/0f zf]wfgfGt/ art a9]sf]
xf] . g]kfn /fi6 a}sn] ;fj{hlgs
u/]sf] b]zsf] jt{dfg cfly{s l:ylt
-cfly{s jif{ @)^* ^( sf] 5
dlxgf;Ddsf] tYofdf cfwfl/t_ sf]
k'0f{laa/0f o; k|s/sf] 5 .
df}lb|s l:ylt
d' b | f k| b fo != cfly{ s jif{
@)^*^( sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf
lj:t[t d'bf| k|bfo !)=@ k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf pSt d' b | f k| b fo #=)
k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .
jflif{s ljGb'ut cfwf/df @)^* k';
d;fGtdf lj:t[t d'bf| k|bfo @)=!
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ljQLo
If]qsf] v'b j}bl] zs ;DklQdf pRr
j[l4 ePsf] x'bF f lj:t[t d'bf| k|bfodf
j[ l 4 ePsf] xf] . cfly{ s jif{
;+sl' rt d'bf| k|bfo eg] @=^ k|ltztn]
dfq j[l4 ePsf] 5 . jflif{s ljGb'ut
cfwf/df @)^* k' ; d;fGtdf
;+sl' rt d'bf| k|bfo !!=@ k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] 5 . @= ;dLIff cjlwdf
v'b j}bl] zs ;DklQ -ljb]zL ljlgdo
d"Nofg gfkmfgf]S;fg ;dfof]lht_
?= ^^ ca{ &@ s/f]8 -#)=( k|ltzt_
n] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf pSt ;DklQ ?= $ ca{ @&
s/f]8 -@=) k|ltzt_ n] 36]sf] lyof] .
ljk|]if0f cfk|jfxsf ;fy} ;]jf cfodf
pNn]Vo j[l4 eO{ rfn" vftf ;Gt'ng
wgfTds ePsf] tyf ljQLo vftfdf
;d]t ;'wf/ ePsf]n] e'QmfgL ;Gt'ng
;'b[9 eO{ df}lb|s If]qsf] v'b j}b]lzs
;DklQdf pRr j[l4 ePsf] xf] . s'n
cfGtl/s shf{ #= cfly{ s jif{
@)^*^( sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf s'n
cfGtl/s shf{ !=) k|ltztn] a9]sf]
5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf
pSt shf{ $=$ k|ltztn] a9]sf]
lyof] . jflif{s ljGb'ut cfwf/df
@)^* k'; d;fGtdf s'n cfGtl/s
shf{ !)=* k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
cfly{ s jif{ @)^*^( sf] 5
dlxgf;Dddf lghL If]qtkm{sf] shf{
$=( k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ;f] shf{
(=& k|ltztn] lj:tf/ ePsf] lyof] .
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] lgIf]k
kl/rfngsf] l:ylt $= ;dLIff
cjlwdf a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
lgIf]k kl/rfng !)=$ k|ltzt -?=
*% ca{ ^* s/f]8_ n] a9]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf lgIf]k
kl/rfng #=& k|ltzt -?= @^ ca{
^$ s/f]8_ n] dfq a9]sf] lyof] .
;dLIff cjlwdf afl0fHo a}+sx?sf]
lgIf]k kl/rfngsf] j[l4b/ !!=$
k|ltzt, ljsf; a}+sx?sf] !!=^
k|ltzt / ljQ sDkgLx?sf] !=&
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf afl0fHo a}+s, ljsf;
a}+s / ljQ sDkgLx?sf] lgIf]k
kl/rfngsf] j[l4b/ qmdzM )=^
k| l tzt, !!=@ k| l tzt / *=#
k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] shf{
k| j fxsf] l:ylt %= cfly{ s jif{
@)^*^( sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] shf{ tyf
nufgL ^=% k|ltzt -?= %% ca{ @%

s/f]8_ n] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf shf{ tyf nufgL *=^
k|ltzt -?= ^# ca{ &% s/f]8_ n]
a9]sf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf afl0fHo
a}+s / ljsf; a}+sx?sf] shf{ tyf
nufgL qmdzM &=* k|ltzt / &=)
k| l tztn] a9] s f] 5 eg] ljQ
sDkgLx?sf] shf{ tyf nufgL )=$
k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . ;dLIff cjlwdf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 lghL
If]qdf k|jflxt shf{ $=^ k|ltzt ?= #! ca{ ($ s/f]8_ n] dfq a9]sf]
o:tf] shf{ (=( k|ltzt -?= ^) ca{
## s/f]8_ n] a9]sf] lyof] . lghL
If]qtkm{ k|jflxt shf{ dWo] afl0fHo
a} + s x?af6 k| j flxt shf{ ^=%
k|ltztn] / ljsf; a}+saf6 k|jflxt
shf{ !=& k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 eg]
ljQ sDkgLx?af6 k|jflxt shf{ $=@
k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . ^= ;dLIff
cjlwdf jfl0fHo a}+sx?jf6 lghL
If]qdf k|jflxt shf{dWo] cf}Bf]lus
pTkfbg If]qtkm{sf] shf{ ?= !% ca{
* s/f]8n] a9]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf pSt If]qtkm{sf] shf{
?= !% ca{ @) s/f]8n] a9]sf] lyof] .
;dLIff cjlwdf lgdf{0f If]qtkm{sf]
shf{ ?= $ ca{ * s/f]8n], s[lif
If] q tkm{ s f] shf{ ?= # ca{ @(
s/f]8n], yf]s tyf v'bf| Jofkf/ tkm{sf]
shf{ ?= $ ca{ *( s/f]8n] /
oftfoft, ;~rf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs ;]jf
If]qtkm{sf] shf{ ?= ! ca{ ^& s/f]8n]
a9]sf] 5 . t/ntf Joj:yfkg &=
dlxgf;Dddf v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/
cGtu{t l/kf] af]nsaf]n dfkm{t\ ?=
&$ s/f]8 #& nfv t/ntf k|jfx
ePsf] / ;f]em} ljqmL af]nsaf]n dfkm{t\
?= * ca{ $) s/f]8sf] t/ntf
k|zf]rg eO{ v'b ?= & ca{ ^% s/f]8
^# nfv t/ntf k|zf]rg ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf l/kf]
af]nsaf]naf6 ?= !* ca{ t/ntf
k| j fx ePsf] lyof] eg] laqmL
af] n saf] n af6 ?= @ ca{ /
l/e;{l/kf] af]nsaf]naf6 ?= !(
ca{sf] t/ntf k|zf]rg ePsf] lyof] .
*= cfly{s jif{ @)^* ^( sf] 5
dlxgf;Dddf g]kfn /fi6 a}s
+ n] ljb]zL
ljlgdo ahf/ -afl0fHo a}s
+ x?_ af6
cd]l/sL 8n/ ! ca{ ^@ s/f]8 v'b
vl/b u/L ?= !@^ ca{ $& s/f]8
a/fa/sf] v'b t/ntf k|jfx u/]sf]
ljb]zL ljlgdo ahf/af6 cd]l/sL
8n/ ! ca{ !^ s/f]8 %( nfv v'b
vl/b u/L ?= *$ ca{ ^# s/f]8
v'b t/ntf k|jfx u/]sf] lyof] . (=
;dLIff cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ ! ca{
$@ s/f]8 laqmL u/L ?= !!) ca{
^@ s/f]8 a/fj/sf] ef= ?= vl/b
ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf cd]l/sL 8n/ ! ca{ @@
s/f]8 laqmL u/L ?= ** ca{ *(
s/f]8 a/fj/sf] ef= ?= vl/b ePsf]
lyof] . cGt/ a}+s sf/f]jf/ / :yfoL
t/ntf ;'ljwfsf] pkof]u !)= cfly{s
jif{ @)^*^( sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf
jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] s'n ?= !)! ca{
*@ s/f] 8 a/fa/sf] cGt/a} + s
sf/f]jf/ u/]sf 5g\ . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf s'n ?= @)! ca{ ^*
s/f]8 a/fa/sf] cGt/a}+s sf/f]jf/
ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf s'n
?= $ ca{ @% s/f]8sf] :yfoL t/ntf
;'ljwfsf] pkof]u ePsf]df @)^* k';
d;fGtdf ?= () nfv jSof}tf /x]sf]
?= !@! ca{ &! s/f]8 :yfoL t/ntf
;'ljwf pkof]u ePsf]df ?= @ ca{
$@ s/f]8 aSof}tf /x]sf] lyof] .
;dLIff cjlwdf a}+sx?sf] lgIf]k

kl/rfng a9\g uO{ t/ntfsf] l:ylt
;'b9[ ePsf]n] cGt/a}s
+ sf/f]jf/sf
;fy} :yfoL t/ntf ;' l jwfsf]
pkof] u df sdL cfPsf] xf] .
cNksfnLg Jofhb/ !!= cfly{s jif{
@)^*^( sf] k'; dlxgfdf cl3Nnf]
jif{ s f] k' ; dlxgfsf] t' n gfdf
cNksfnLg Jofhb/x?df sdL cfPsf]
5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu (! -lbg] 6h
] /L
ljnsf] efl/t cf};t Jofhb/ cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] k'; dlxgfdf *=@! k|ltzt
/x]sf]df @)^* k';df )=&) k|ltzt
/Xof] . To;}u/L, efl/t cf};t cGt/
a}+s Jofhb/ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] k';df
!)=%* k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)^*
k';df )=() k|ltzt sfod /x]sf]
5 . lwtf]kq ahf/ !@= g]K;] ;"rsf
jflif{ s ljGb' u t cfwf/df !(=^
k|ltztn] 36L @)^* k'; d;fGtdf
#@#=^@ ljGb'df k'us
] f] 5 . of] ;"rsf
@)^& k'; d;fGtdf $)@=&% /x]sf]
lyof] . ahf/df z]o/sf] cfk"lt{
pNn]Vo ?kdf a9]sf]n] ;d]t z]o/sf]
d"Nodf lu/fj6 cfPsf] xf] . !#=
lwtf]kqsf] ahf/ k"F+hLs/0f @)^*
k' ; d;fGtdf jflif{ s ljGb' u t
cfwf/df !$=) k|ltztn] 36L ?= #
va{ $@ s/f]8 sfod ePsf] 5 .
@)^* k' ; d;fGtdf ahf/
k" + h Ls/0fsf] s' n ufx{ : Yo
pTkfbg;Fu+ sf] cg'kft @@=# k|ltzt
/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cg'kft @)^& k';
d;fGtdf @(=* k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
s'n ahf/ k"+hLs/0fdf a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lx:;f
/x]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ a}s
+ tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] ^& k|ltzt, pTkfbg tyf
k| z f] w g If] q sf] #=( k| l tzt,
xf]6nx?sf] !=* k|ltzt, Jofkfl/s
;+:yfx?sf] )=$ k|ltzt, hnljB't
If]qsf] % k|ltzt / cGosf] @!=(
k|ltzt c+z /x]sf] 5 . !$= ;"rLs[t
sDkgLx?sf] r'Qmf k"h
F Lsf] jflif{s j[l4
!#=% k| l tzt /xL @)^* k' ;
d;fGtdf ?= ! va{ ^ ca{ $$ s/f]8
k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh
lnld6]8df yk lwtf]kqx? ;"rLs[t
ePsf sf/0f r'tf{ k"h
F+ Ldf j[l4 ePsf]
xf] . @)^* k'; d;fGtdf ?= ! ca{
#) s/f]8 %) nfv a/fj/sf] ;fwf/0f
z] o /, ?= &! s/f] 8 #^ nfv
a/fa/sf] af]g; z]o/, ?= ! ca{ ((
s/f]8 #! nfv a/fa/sf] xsk|b
z]o/, ?= $ s/f]8 a/fa/sf] kl/jq\o
cu| f lwsf/ z] o / / ?= % ca{
a/fa/sf] ;/sf/L C0fkq u/L s'n
?= ( ca{ % s/f]8 !& nfv /sd
a/fa/sf] lwtf]kq ;"rLs[t ePsf] 5 .
!%= g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh lnld6]8df
;"rLs[t ePsf sDkgLx?sf] ;+Vof
] f]
@)^* k'; d;fGt;Dddf @!$ k'us
5 . of] ;+ V of @)^& k' ;
d;fGt;Dddf !(% /x]sf] lyof] . xfn
;"rLs[t sDkgLx?dWo] !*@ j6f a}s
+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yf -aLdf sDkgL
;d]t_, !* j6f pTkfbg / k|zf]wg
pBf] u , $ j6f xf] 6 n, $ j6f
Jofkfl/s ;+:yf, $ j6f hnljB't
sDkgL / @ j6f cGo ;d"xsf /x]sf
5g\ . d' b | f :kmLlt / tna tyf
Hofnfb/ pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt !^=
cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf] k';
dlxgfdf jflif{s ljGb'ut pkef]Qmf
d'b|f:kmLlt ^=* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf]
d'bf| :kmLlt !!=# k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
;dLIff cjlwdf jflif{s ljGb'ut
cfwf/df vfB tyf k]o kbfy{;d"xsf]
d"No ;"rsf $=) k|ltztn] / u}/
vfB tyf ;]jf ;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsf
(=) k| l tztn] j[ l 4 ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf oL
;d"xx?sf] d"No ;"rsfsf] j[l4b/
qmdzM !&=^ k|ltzt / ^=@ k|ltzt

/x]sf] lyof] . !&= ;dLIff cjlwdf
vfB tyf k]o kbfy{;d"xdf kg{]
j:t'x?dWo] l3p tyf t]n pk;d"xsf]
jflif{s ljGb'ut d"No ;"rsfsf]
j[l4b/ ;j}eGbf j9L cyf{t !%=^
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf o; pk;d"xsf] d"No
;"rsfdf )=# k|ltztn] dfq j[l4
ePsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf @^=& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
kmnkm"nsf] d"No ;"rsf ;dLIff
cjlwdf !$=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . To;}u/L, ;dLIff cjlwdf b'Uw
kbfy{ tyf c08f / lrgL tyf
ld7fO{ s f] jflif{ s ljGb' u t d" N o
;"rsf qmdzM !@=^ k|ltzt /
!)=$ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ;f]
j:t'x?sf] d"No ;"rsfsf] j[l4b/
qmdzM !$=) k| l tzt / !!=&
k| l tzt /x] s f] lyof] . To;} u /L,
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf /]i6'/G] 6
tyf xf]6n / vfBfGg pk;d"xsf]
d"No ;"rsfdf qmdzM !&=) k|ltzt
/ !%=% k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]df
;dLIff cjlwdf plNnlvt b'j} pk
;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf qmdzM (=#
k|ltzt / )=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
^&=$ k|ltztsf] pRr b/df j[l4
ePsf] t/sf/L pk;d"xsf] d"No
;"rsfdf eg] ;dLIff cjlwdf %=!
k|ltztn] x|f; cfPsf] 5 . !*=
;dLIff cjlwdf u}/vfBj:t' tyf
;]jf ;d"xsf j:t'x?dWo] oftfoft
pk;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf !&=!
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o; pk;d"xsf]
d"No ;"rsfdf !!=! k|ltztn] dfq
j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . To:t}, ;dLIff
cjlwdf nQf sk8f tyf h'Qf rKkn
/ kmlg{l;+u tyf 3/fo;L pkof]usf
;fdfg pk;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf
qmdzM !%=@ k| l tzt / !#=@
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf plNnlvt b'j}
pk;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf qmdzM
!$=* k|ltzt / &=* k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] lyof] . To;} u /L, ;dLIff
cjlwdf ljljw j:t' tyf ;]jf /
lzIff pk;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf
qmdzM (=% k|ltzt / *=( k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jifL{o pk
;d"xsf] d"No ;"rsfdf qmdzM &=*
k|ltzt / %=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
lyof] . ;~rf/ pk;d"xsf] d"No
;"rsfdf eg] ;dLIff cjlwdf *=@
k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf klg pSt pk
;d" x sf] d" N o ;" r sfdf !)=$
k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf] lyof] . !(=
If]qut cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ubf{ ;dLIff
cjlwdf ;j}eGbf a9L kxf8df (=@
k|ltzt, sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ^=^
k|ltzt / t/fO{df %=$ k|ltztn]
d"No ;"rsfdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pSt
If]qx?df o:tf] d"No ;"rsfsf]
j[l4b/ qmdzM !@=! k|ltzt, !#=(
k|ltzt / (=! k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
yf]s d'bf| :kmLlt @)= ;dLIff cjlwdf
yf]s d"No ;"rsfsf] jflif{s ljGb'ut
j[ l 4b/ #=# k| l tzt /x] s f] 5 .
j[l4b/ !@=* k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
yf]s d"No cGtu{t cfoftLt j:t' /
:jb]zdf pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] d"No
;"rsf qmdzM !!=$ k|ltzt / !!=@
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf oL j:t'x?sf]
yf] s d" N o ;" r sf qmdzM (=#
k|ltzt / *=# k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf
!^=@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] s[lifhGo

j:t'sf] yf]sd"No ;"rsfdf eg]
;dLIff cjlwdf #=) k|ltztn] x|f;
ePsf] 5 . @!= ;dLIff cjlwdf
s[lifhGo j:t'x?dWo] gub]afnLsf]
jflif{s ljGb'ut yf]sd"No ;"rsf
%=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf ;f]
afnLsf] yf]sd"No ;"rsfdf $=^
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L,
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf qmdzM
$!=% k|ltzt / !@=) k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] d;nf / vfBfGg pk
;d"xsf] yf]sd"No ;"rsfdf eg]
;dLIff cjlwdf !@=^ k|ltzt / &=$
k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L
cl3Nnf] aif{ #(=^ k|ltztsf] pRr
j[l4 /x]sf] kmnk"mn tyf t/sf/Lsf]
yf]sd"No ;"rsfdf ;dLIff cjlwdf
#=@ k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf] 5 eg]
cl3Nnf] jif{ !=@ k|ltztn] x|f; ePsf]
bnxgsf] yf]s d"No ;"rsfdf ;dLIff
cjlwdf k'gM %=@ k|lztn] x|f; ePsf]
5 . @@= ;dLIff cjlwdf :jb]zdf
pTkflbt j:t' x ? cGtu{ t sf]
vfBfGghGo kbfy{ / k] o tyf
;'tL{hGo j:t'sf] yf]s d"No ;"rsf
qmdzM !)=% k| l tzt / !)=!
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L,
lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] yf]sd"No ;"rsf
;dLIff cjlwdf (=$ k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] 5 . @#= cfoftLt j:t'x?dWo]
;dLIff cjlwdf sk8fhGo ;fdu|L
/ k]6f l] nod kbfy{ tyf sf]On
{ f pk
;d"xsf] yf]sd"No ;"rsf qmdzM
@%=) k|ltzt / !%=^ k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L, ljB'tLo ;fdfu|L
/ oftfoftsf ;fwg tyf kf6{kh
' f{sf]
yf]s d"No ;"rsfdf qmdzM (=%
k|ltzt / &=& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . /fli6o tnj tyf Hofnfb/
;"rsf @$= ;dLIff cjlwdf jflif{s
ljGb'ut /fli6o tnj tyf Hofnfb/
;"rsf #@=! k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
pSt ;"rsf !@=$ k|ltztn] dfq
j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . ;dLIff cjlwdf
tna ;"rsf !(=# k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] 5 eg] Hofnfb/ ;"rsf #%=&
k|ltztn j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf tna ;"rsfdf
s'g} kl/jt{fg ePsf] lyPg eg]
Hofnfb/ ;"rsfdf !^=^ k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . @%= ;dLIff
cjlwdf tna cGtu{t a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yf, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg /
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] tna ;"rsf
qmdzM $@=$ k|ltzt, @*=) k|ltzt
/ !*=& k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
To;}u/L, ;}lgs / k|x/L ;]jf, lzIff
/ lghL ;+:yfsf] tna ;"rsf qmdzM
@^=% k|ltzt, !(=! k|ltzt / *=^
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf plNnlvt
;"rsfx?df s'g} kl/j{tg ePsf]
lyPg . @^= ;dLIff cjlwdf Hofnfb/
cGtu{t lgdf{0f, s[lif / cf}Bf]lus
dhb'/sf] Hofnfb/ ;"rsf qmdzM
#&=) k|ltzt, #^=% / k|ltzt ##=$
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf plNnlvt
;"rsfx?df qmdzM !%=# k|ltzt
@@=( k|ltzt / %=^ k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/L ljQ l:ylt
ah]6 3f6fart @&= cfly{s jif{
;/sf/L ah]6 ?= @$ ca{ !! s/f]8n]
artdf /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] art ?= @@
ca{ $@ s/f]8 /x]sf] lyof] . ;|f]t
kl/rfngsf] t'ngfdf s'n ;/sf/L
vr{ Go"g /x]sf] sf/0f ;/sf/L ah]6
artdf /x]sf] xf] .
;/sf/L vr{ @*= gub k|jfxdf
cfwfl/t s'n ;/sf/L vr{;dLIff

cjlwdfdf $)=! k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{
?= !!# ca{ @( s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf eg]
o:tf] ;/sf/L vr{ ^=# k|ltztn]
36]sf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] jflif{s
ah]6 cfly{s jif{ z'? ePsf] kfFrf}
dlxgfdf dfq ;fj{ h lgs eO{
sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] / rfn" cfly{s
jif{;dod} ah]6 ;fj{hlgs eO{
sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf]n] rfn" jif{sf]
s'n ;/sf/L vr{sf] j[l4b/ pRr /xg
uPsf] xf] . @(= ;dLIff cjlwdf gub
k|jfxdf cfwfl/t rfn" vr{tkm{ ?=
** ca{ ^! s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5
eg] k"h
F Lut vr{tkm{ ?= & ca{ (#
s/f]8 vr{ ePsf] 5 .
;/sf/L /fh:j #)= cfly{s jif{
@)^* ^( sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fh:j kl/rfng
@!=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= !!! ca{
# s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf ;/sf/L /fh:j !$=^
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= (! ca{ ##
s/f]8 k'us
] f] lyof] . ;dodf g} ah]6
cfO{ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf]n] cfly{s
lqmofsnfkx?df ePsf] lj:tf/n] ubf{
;dLIff cjlwdf /fh:jsf] j[l4b/
a9\g uPsf] xf] . ;fy}, cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf rfn" cfly{s
jif{sf] klxnf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf s'n
cfoftdf ePsf] j[l4b/ nufot
ef/tLo cGtMz'Ns k|flKtdf ePsf]
pNn]vgLo j[l4b/sf sf/0f /fh:jsf]
j[l4b/ cl3Nnf] jifs{f] ;f]xL cjlwsf]
t'ngfdf a9g uPsf] xf] . #!= ;dLIff
cjlwdf d"No clej[l4 s/ /fh:jdf
!^=! k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= #$ ca{
!* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf ;f] j[l4b/ !(=^
k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] . #@= eG;f/
/fh:j ;dLIff cjlwdf !%=$
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= !( ca{ $&
s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{f] ;f]xL
cjlwdf ;f] /fh:j $=& k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf rfn" cfly{s
jif{sf] klxnf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf s'n
cfoftdf ePsf] j[l4b/ nufot
ef/tLo cGtMz'Ns k|flKtdf ePsf]
pNn]vgLo j[l4b/sf sf/0f eG;f/
/fh:jdf j[l4 ePsf] xf] . ##=
cGtMz'Ns /fh:j ;dLIff cjlwdf
!)=$ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= !$
ca{ ^# s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pSt /fh:j
!(=* k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .
pRr cGtMz'Ns nfUg] ;jf/L ;fwg
nufotsf j:t' x ?sf] cfoftdf
cfPsf] sdLsf sf/0f cGtMz'Ns
/fh:jsf] j[l4b/df sdL cfPsf] xf] .
#$= ;dLIff cjlwdf ;/sf/sf]
cfos/ /fh:j @#=% k|ltztn] j[l4
eO{ ?= @# ca{ %@ s/f]8 k'u]sf]
o:tf] cfos/ /fh:j @&=^ k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] lyof] . #%= ;dLIff
cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u}/s/
/fh:j ?= !% ca{ %# s/f]8 k'u]sf]
u}/s/ /fh:j ?= ( ca{ #^ s/f]8
k'u]sf] lyof] .
j}bl] zs gub C0f / cg'bfg #^=
dlxgf;Dddf g] k fn ;/sf/nfO{
j}bl] zs gub C0fjfkt ?= @ ca{
%( s/f] 8 / j} b ] l zs gub
cg'bfgjfkt ?= @! ca{ @! s/f]8
k|fKt ePsf] 5 . jfXo If]q j}b]lzs
Jofkf/ #&= cfly{s jif{ @)^*^(
sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf s'n j:t' lgof{t
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] t'ngfdf
!!=@ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= #% ca{
-afF s L ^ k] h df_
cd]l/sfdf M g]kfnL o"jfxn] ug{] /fli6o lrGtg

rLgsf /fi6ktL s]xL 306fsf
nflu g]kfn cfpFbf xfd|f ljfg /
ljnIf0f k|ltefsf wgL dflgPsf
jt{dfg k|wfgdGqLsf] syg lyof] ls
b'O{7"nf b]zsf aLrsf] t?n xf]Og
k"n aGg ;Sg' k5{ g;s] oL b'ad
} Wo]
s'g} Psdf ;dfj]; x'g' k5{ /] < cfh
dnfO{ o; af/]df cfgf] lgtfGt gf}nf]
ljrf/ kf]Vg dg nfUof] . PsfPs
pTkGg ePsf] afa'/fdsf] Tof] ljrf/
clxn] cfP/ ;fDo t ePsf] 5 . t/
To;sf af/]df ;f]Rg] / s]nfpg] ;do
eg] ;]nfPsf] kSs} 5}g . xhf/f} k6s
Pp6} s'/f elgPsf] 5 ls dfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf g]tfx vf; u/L k|r08sf]
egfO{ / u/fOdf c;dfgtf 5 . ca
t ;'lgb} 5, afa'/fdhL klg cln
km/s wf/df b]zsf] gfddf k|r08sf]
eGbf klg uxlsnf] rnv]ndf h'6s
] f
5g\ . afa'/fdhLsf] egfO{ / u/fO{sf]
dfqf hlt;'s} ulx/f] / km/s eP
tfklg, nIo eg] k'n agfpg] eGbfeGb}
ef/t;Fu ljno u/fpg'df nlIft
/x]sf] pgsf clxn]sf ultljwLxn]
dx;' ; u/fPsf] 5 . g] k fnL
/fhg}lts Oltxf;df ePsf] Pp6f
k'/fgf] 36gf /x]5 . $ bzs klxn]
klg g]kfnL g]tfxaLr s]xL o:tf
36gfx 36] s f /x] 5 g\ , h;n]
To;a]nf b]lv g]kfnnfO{ cfgf] s'g}
/fHosf] kdf ef/tn] x8Kg vf]hs
] f]
k|ltt x'G5 .
afa'/fdn] v]ns
] f] lakf ;Demf}tfsf]
h'jfsf] nIo klg To:t} p2]Zon] k|l] /t
/x]sf] 5 egL ljBxn] l6Kk0fL u/]sf]
w]/} k'/fgf] ePsf] 5}g . ef/tLo
nufgLstf{ leq\ o fpg] axfgfdf
g]kfnnfO{ ef/tsf] Ps cf}wf]lus
nufgLsf] ynf] agfpg] xNnf lk6fP/,
g]kfnsf] ;fwg / ;|ft] nfO{ nlIft u/L
ltgsf] k|zf]wg / pTkfbgsf] cf}wf]lus
gu/L agfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 eg]sf
lyP l6Kk0fLsf/xn] . x/]s tl/sfn]
g]kfndf cfgf] k|eT" j hdfpg vf]hs
] f]
ef/tsf] rfndf afa' / fd klg
sldzg Ph]06sf] sfd ub}5
{ g /] <
o;/L /x:odo tl/sfn] kfPsf]
sldzgn] afa'/fd / pgsL klTg
lxl;nfsfaLrsf] wg a6'Ng] kfl/jf/Ls
;/;Nnfx, csf]{ Pp6f ;j{xf/f ju{sf]
pkxf; ug{ k|df0fsf] kdf aflx/
cfpg yfn]sf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf
emg 7"nf] wg/f;L jf hUuf xftkfg{
h'jf v]lnPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
d s'6] em}+ u5'{ tF /f]P em}+ u/ sf]
dxfTdf z}nLdf afa'/fdhL hgtfsf]
;fxg' e " t L n' 6 \ g sf nflu cg] s
lqmofsnfk ug{, efjljJxn eP/ ?g]
sfd, dfq Ps gf6s /x] 5 g\ .
afa'/fdhL ?Psf] clego ug{ kfq
x'g eg] pgnfO{ s'6] em}+ ug]{ kfq
/lx5g\ lxl;nf . clxn] cfP/n]
b]znfO{ o:tf] k|xf/ xfGb} l5g ls k|r08sf]

nflhDkf6sf] slyt b/af/ t s] xf] /
hfaf] eGg] a]nf klg cfpFb} 5 /] .
crfgs lxl;nfsf dfOtLx
c/a klt eP/ k'Vof{}nL ;DktLaf6
ljx] u/]sf] # bzs kl5 bfOhf] lbg]
;'/df h'6]sf /x]5g eGg] s'/f aflx/
cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . Pp6f ljlrqsf]
s'/f s] 5 eg] kbdf k'u]sf ;a}
g] t f, sd{ r f/L, k| x /L / ;] g fsf
>LdtLsf dfOtLx crfgs
k'Vof{}nLkdf wgL x'G5g\ . o;/L
lxl;nfsf dfOtL klg wgL dfq x'g
/ < va/ktL kf] eP5g\ . o:tf]
pgLxsf] nIonfO{ hgtfn] n/f]t/f]
kdf lng'x'Gg . ljBfjfl/wL u/]sf
ljnIf0f dflg;n] Toqf] cfhLjg
km:6sf km:6 x'gs
] f] nIo klg rfgr"g]
eP kl5 efjL ;GttLn] s] k|]/0ff
kfpg] < k|r08sf] eGbf b'Orf/ sbd
cuf8L t x'g} kof] . pgn] klg cfgf
;;'/fnLnfO{ s/f]8klt dfq} agfP kl5
t tL pTs[i6 glthfxs} pkxf;
x'g] ePg / < To;}n] nflhDkf6 cln
6f9f eof], afuahf/df @) s/f]8sf]
s'g} 3/ bfOhf]df kfpFb} 5g\ /] . y'k|}
5f]/Lsf afa'cfdfn] Pp6f 5f]/LnfO{
t @) s/f]8 lbg] x}l;ot /fVg5g
eg], pgLx s/f]8klt dfq t lsg
x'Gy] / < nf} cg'dfg nufpg] a]nf o}
xf] ls lsg afa'/fdhL !$ nfvsf]
d':tfsf] ofqf, /]l8of] g]kfnaf6
k|ToIf 6]nLkmf]g jftf{, ul/anfO{
bfnrfdndf /fxt lbg] gf}nf gf6s
/r] / hgtfsf gh/df s;/L
rf]lvPsf lyP / pgsf] jf:tljs
Wo]o s] /x]5 < afuahf/sf] pgsf]
ljnf;L 3/ t dfq z'?jft xf] eGg]
klg ;' l gb} cfPsf] 5 < clxn]
k| w fgdGqL hf] 8 Ln] yfn] s f] of]
clegonfO{ @)#) ;fn xf/fxf/Ldf
36]sf] Pp6f 36gfn] yk o;/L k'li6
ub{5 ls ef/tn] cg]s k|sf/n]
g]kfnnfO{ cfgf] pklgj]; agfpgsf
nflu ;w} + e /L ljleGg sldzg
Ph]06x nufpg] u/]sf] /x]5 . of]
s'/f d}n] xfnsf] d]/f] cd]l/sf e|d0fsf]
a]nf kQfnufPsf] 5' . /fli6o:t/sf]
lrGtg / ljBfyL{ /fhgLltdf
ul/dfdo kbdf cfj4 /x] / ,
g]tfxsf cg]sf}+ :jfyL{ rnv]nsf
sf/0f jfSslbSs ePsf Pshgf
o" j s lsg / s;/L g] k fnsf]
kl/j];af6 aflxl/P/ cd]l/sf knfPg
x'g afWo eP < pgsf] ljutsf]
syfdf of] k|z+u o;/L hf]l8P/
cfof] . oxfF pgsf] gfd / kl/ro
lbO/xg' h?/L 5} g . g] k fnnfO{
ef/tsf] pklgj]; agfpg] sfddf
g]kfnsf g]tfx cfh dfq} xf]Ogg\
jiff}{+ klxn] b]lv g} nfu]sf /x]5g\ /
of] s'/f cfd hgtfsfaLr Nofpg'
kmfu'gb]lv j}zfv;Ddsf] cjlw

xfjfx"/L a9L cfpg] ;do xf] . cfuf]
afNbf ;'/lIft 7fpFdf dfq afNg],
;nfO{, nfO6/, dlt]n cflb HjngzLn
j:t' s]6fs]6Ln] e]6\g] 7pFdf g/fVg],
s]6fs]6LnfO{ hyfefjL cfuf] afNbf x'g
;Sg] cfunfuLsf b'3{6gfxaf]
;DemfOa'emfO ug]{ / o:tf s'/fxaf6
;hu /xg hgr]tgf a9fpg] sfo{
;xof]u u/f}F .
g] k fn ;/sf/
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
;"rgf ljefu
kg]{ s'/f a9L h?/L /x]sf] pgn] dnfO{

dd{af]w u/fP . s'/f nueu #% jif{
klxn]sf] xf] . k|bLk lu/Ln] agf/;df
cfof]lht s'g} sfo{qmddf g]kfnnfO{
ef/tsf] Ps k|fGtsf] kdf lano
x' g lbg' k5{ eg] s f] s' / f lgs}
cfkQLhgs eof] eg]/ v'daxfb'/
v8\sfn] k|lbk lu/LnfO{ d/0ff;Gg x'g]
u/L s'6]sf lyP /] < o;df s] slt
;Totf 5, tTsflng tL b'a}sf
;xsdL{x jf :jod\ pgLxnfO{ yfxf
xf] n f . To;} n ] clxn] ; Dd klg
v' d axfb' / v8\ s f / k| l bk
lu/LsfaLr af]nrfn 5}g /] . of] t
k'/fgf] 36gf eof] . s]xL dlxgfdfq
ePsf] 5, z/bl;+x e08f/Ln] JoSt
u/]sf] dw]znfO{ 5'6\ofpg] af/]df
lbPsf] cleJolSts} sf/0fn]
dGqLkbaf6 ltnf~hnL lbg' k/]sf] .
pgnfO{ afa'/fdn] ;lhn} x6fpg
gdfg]sf] klg xf] . a'em]/ klg a'em
krfP/, hgtfsf] 7"nf] bafjsfaLr
slt s/f]8sf] n]gb]gsf aLr pgL
dGqLkbaf6 x6] s f x' g \ /] eGg]
Psy/Lsf] bfjL /x]sf] lyof] . clxn]
cfP/ h]kL u'Ktfn] klg o:t} cf;o
JoSt u/]sf] sf/0fn] /fi6kltn]
k|wfgdGqLnfO{ af]nfP/ h]kL u'KtfnfO{
;Demfpgsf nflu eg]sf] / afa'/fdn]
d ljrf/ u5'{ eg]sf] 5 eGg] d'2f
clxn]sf] hNbf]aNbf] ljifo xf] /
gful/s f/f h]kL u'Ktfsf] /fhLgfdf
dfu ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 . x'gt oL
ljleGg JolStx km/skm/s
/fhg}lts cf:yfdf sfo{/t JolStx
x'g\ . t/ oL ;a}sf] nIo Pp6} /x]5
eGbf km/s kg]{ b]lvFb}g . xfn cfP/
afa' / fdsf] dlGqd08ndf o:tf
g]tfxsf] afx'Notf /xg', afa'/fdn]
To:tf ;+j]bgzLn d'2fdf d'l5Psf
dflg;xnfO{ h;/L klg arfpg]
r]i6f ug'{n] pgLxsf] cfGtl/s
nIodf ;dfgtf /x]sf] k'li6 ub}{g
/ < pk]Gb| ofban] Plzofs} e|i6
JolStx ljhos'df/ uR5bf/ / h]kL
u'Ktf x'g eg]/, To;} eg]sf 5}gg\ .
afa'/fdhL hlt;'s} lj1 / dxfljfg
eP klg pgn] g]kfnnfO{ klg ef/tdf
;dflxt ug{sf nflu h]kL u'KtfnfO{
;dy{g u/]/ lxl;nfsf] gfddf l;+u}
uf]/vf lhNnf gfd;f/L ug]{ u/L
ef/tnfO{ a]Rg] 5}g eGg] s'/fdf oxfF
z+sf gug{' kg{] cfwf/ s] 5g\ < pgnfO{
uf]/vf lhNnf dfq} a9L Kof/f] nfUg]
afFsL g]kfnsf] l;dfgf ldlrPsf]
s'/fdf df}g /xg], pgsf] rl/qn] s]
s'/fsf] k'li6 ub{5 eg], pgL uf]/vf
afx]ssf] g]kfnnfO{ ef/tsf] lhDdf
nufpg] / cfk"m l;+uf] uf]/vf lhNnfsf
dflns aGg vf]h]sf kf] x'g\ ls <
lsg ls ;DktLsf] nfnrn] dflg;nfO{
;fgf] ltgf] afuahf/sf] 3/ lsGg]
sldzgn] lrQ a' b} g . To:tf
dflg;sf] nfnr a9\b} hUuf hldgsf]
dfqf a9fpg] nfnr s]xL xhf/
/f]klgsf] If]qkmn / l;dfgfdfq
l;ldt /x]/ ;Gt'i6 gePsf x'g\ ls <
x'g ;S5 pgn] k'/} uf]/vf lhNnf
pgs} gfddf gfd;f/L ug{ dfu u/]sf
xf]nfg\ . clg z/bl;+x e08f/L / h]kL
u'Ktfn] klg t/fO{+ k'/} e"efudf cfgf]
clwkTo hdfpg vf]h]sf xf]nfg\ .
clxn]sf] kl/l:yltdf gful/sxnfO{
o:tf] cg'dfg nufpgsf nflu k|ofKt
cfwf/x tof/ ePsf 5g\ . oxfF;Dd
ls pk/fi6klt h:tf dflg;n]
ef/tLo ;+:sf/k|lt b]vfPsf] df]xn]
h'g ljjfb / ckdfgsf cltl/St
klg pgL j];/d eP/ lsg kbdf
l6sL/x]sf xf]nfg\ eGg] k|Zgsf] klg
3'dfp/f] pQ/ lb+b}g / < >LdtLsf]
O;f/fdf gfr]/, >LdtL eStn] k}zfsf]
nflu h] klg ug',{ >LdtLs} xftaf6
3'; lng], >LdtLs} gfddf bfOhf]sf]
xf}jf lk6fP/ rf]lvg], h]kL u'Ktfsf]
lsnf]sf lsnf] ;'g sf08sf] Oltxf;
oBkL t?gf] ePsf] 5}g . cd]l/sf
a:g] tL o"jf nufPt pgsf ;xsdL{

xhf/f}+ g]kfnLxn] o; ljifodf cfk"m
oBkL lrlGtt /x]sf], b]zsf] s'enf]
ePsf] b]Vg g;s]sf] / ;s];Dd
g]kfndf eO/x]sf] s'Voft ultljwLsf
lj?4df gful/sxnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg]
sfddf cfk"mx ;+nUg /x]sf]n], d
h:tf] vf]h kqsf/nfO{ of] ljifo
;d]6g cg'/f]w u/]sf x'g\ . k"0f{hL
tkfO{+sf] ;f]rfO{, u/fO{ / n]vfO{ xfd|f]
o; Wo]osf glhs 5, To;}n] n]Vg';\
eg]sf 5g\ . tL ljleGg o"jfxsf]
hdftdf d}n] klg ljleGg /fhg}lts
cf:yf /fVg] o"jfx e]6]+ hf] tL ;a}
/fhg}lts bnsf s'l6n sfo{z}nLsf]
sf/0fn] ljb]l;g jfWo ePsf ljleGg
cfwf/ k|df0fsf 36\gfx ;'gfP .
o:tf] s'/fn] d]/f] :jtGq ljrf/nfO{
klg ttfof] / ljgf s'g} /fhg}lts
cf:yfdf l;ldt g/x]sf] d]/f] n]vfO{sf]
wf/df cfh cfP/ of] ljifo o;/L
k|:t't ug{ k|l] /t uof] . d nufotsf
tL ;a} o"jfx ;a}sf] cfjfh xf] .
xfdLn] o" j f cj:yfdf ljz' 4
/fhg}lts cf:yf /fv]/ g]kfnnfO{
;'b9[ , ;an / ljsl;t b]; agfpgsf
nflu lg:jfy{ of]ubfg lbof}+ . t/ ha
ax'bnLo k|hftGq b]zdf cfof], ta
xfdLn] b]Vof}+ xfd|f cfbz{ dflg;sf
g]tfxn] cfgf] egfO{ / u/fOdf s]
km/skg b]vfP . s;/L s'tf{ / rKkn
nufP/ ;8sdf ef}tfl/g] /fi6k|]dL
9f]+uLx dxn / 6fO{;"6df ;lhP .
haha pgLxsf lj?4df cfjfh
p7fof}+ 5'Rrf sxlnof}+, xfdL cg]s
cf/f]k / ljjfbdf kfl/of}+ / aflxl/g
ljj; eof}+ . geP/ s] ug]{ < xfdLn]
klg 3/hd ug'{ lyof], xfdLn] klg
Sofl/P/ agfpg' lyof], xfdLn] klg
kl/jf/afnaRrfsf] enfO{ /
eljiosf nflu s]xL dof{lbt sfo{
ug'{ lyof] . t/ tL ax'bnLo Joj:yfsf
nflu xfdLnfO{ ;]gf agfP/ ;8sdf
o'4 u/fpg] g]tfxn] h;/L xf]Og .
df}sf kfP;Dd cfg} >LdtLnfO{
ljkIfL g]tfsf ;fd' grfP/ dGqL aGg],
cfg} afnsnfO{ cgfy agfP/
afndlGb/df egf{ u/L ljb];LnfO{
lhDdf nfpg], ;'Ts]/Lsf] cf}ifwL vfPsf]
lan k]z u/]/ sNof0fsf/L sf]if n'6g\ ]
h:tf gLr sfd ug{eg] ;lsPg .
xfd|L cfh ljb];df /x]/ klg o;/L
b];sf] lrGtg gu/f}+, d]xgt u/]s}
e/df k}zf sdfpg] 7fpFdf cfPsf
5f} rf]vf] k}zf sdfpm, ;DkGg agf}+,
xf];\ g]kfnsf] kmf]x/L /fhgLltsf]
sf/0fn] cfgf] dfgl;stfnfO{ b'lift
gafpF eGg] efjgf, xfdL ;a} g]kfn
aflxl/g afWo ePsfxsf dgdf
gknfpg] xf]Og . knfpF5 / gu/f}+
ls eGg] ;f]4f dfq klg xfd|} cfTdfn]
lwSsfb{5 . k}zf dfq sdfP/, xfdL
t ;DkGg x'G5f} / e} klg /x]sf 5f} .
xfdL cd]l/sf, Sofgf8f, a]nfot,
ci6]lnof, 8]gdfs{h:tf b]zxdf
lu| g sf8{ j f l;l6hgl;k lnP/
cfk"mnfO{ ;dflxt t u5f}{ xf]nf . t/
s] oL cfTdfdf 8fldPsf], g]kfn
cfdfsf] dfof / cf:yfnfO{ l8ln6
ug{;S5f} < s] g]kfnsf] ;a} e"efunfO{
ef/t jf rLgdf ljno ePsf] 6'n6' n
' '
x]g{;S5f}+ / < ;Sg] eP oL ;a}
cgpTkfbs sfddf lsg nfluGYof]
xf]nf < ljb]; a;]/, ul/Psf nfvf}+
g]kfnL o"jfxsf] dft[e"dL k|ltsf]
;dk{0f efjsf] of] ;fd'lxs cfjfh
xf] . o;df s;}sf], s'g} k|sf/sf] lglxt
:jfy{sf/s /x]sf] 5}g . / sd/]8
afa'/fd, lxl;nf / k|r08 nufotsf
;a} bnsf g]tfx, hf] lx+hf]sf ul/a
/ ;j{xf/f ju{sf] lxtdf xf}jf lk6\g]
g] t fx s;} n ] a' 9 flgns07df
>LdtLsf] sdfxL eg]/, s;}n] kf6L{n]
ef8fdf lnPsf] eg]/ cfh ljleGg
b/af/df /dfpg] r] i 6f ub} { 5 g\ ,
pgLxsf nflu of] va/bf/L xf] .
Unf]an g]kfn Go"haf6
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
5 dlxgf===
(@ s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf s'n j:t' lgof{t %=%
k|ltztn] dfq j[l4 eO{ ?= #@ ca{
#) s/f]8 k'us
] f] lyof] . dfl;s ?kdf
x]bf{ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] k'; dlxgfdf
s'n j:t' lgof{tdf d+l;/ dlxgfsf]
t'ngfdf *=) k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf]
5 . #*= s'n j:t' lgof{tdWo]
ef/ttk{msf] lgof{t ;dLIff cjlwdf
!#=( k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o:tf]
lgof{t cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf
(=# k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] lyof] .
To:t}, cGo d'n'stk{msf] lgof{t
cl3Nnf] jif{ !=) k|ltztn] 36]sf]df
;dLIff cjlwdf ^=! k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL 8n/df cGo
d'n'stkm{sf] j:t' lgof{t cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] #=% k|ltzt
j[l4sf] t'ngfdf ;dLIff cjlwdf )=&
k|ltztn] sdL cfO{ cd]l/sL 8n/
!% s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . ef/ttk{m
d'VotofM h:tf kftf, nQfsk8f,
kf]ln:6/ wfuf], hL= cfO{= kfOk /
/f]8f tyf 9'u+ fsf] lgof{t a9]sf] sf/0f
To;tk{msf] lgof{tdf j[l4 x'g uPsf]
xf] . To:t}, cGo d'ns
' tk{m ljz]ifu/L
pgL un}r
+ f, tof/L kf]zfs, klZdgf,
g]kfnL sfuh / ;f]sf ;fdfg /
lrofsf] lgof{tdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
#(= ;dLIff cjlwdf s'n j:t'
cfoft !^=* k|ltztn] a9]/ ?= @!^
ca{ ^* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] cfoft
)=! k|ltztn] sdL eO{ ?= !*%
ca{ %& s/f]8 k'us
] f] lyof] . dfl;s
?kdf x]bf{ k'; dlxgfdf s'n j:t'
cfoft d+l;/ dlxgfsf] t'ngfdf *=)
k|ltztn] sdL cfPsf] 5 . $)=
s'n cfoftdWo] ef/taf6 ePsf]
cfoft cl3Nnf] jif{sf] 5 dlxgf;Dd
@*=@ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]df ;dLIff
cjlwdf !)=! k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . To;}u/L, cGo d'n'saf6 ePsf]
cfoft cl3Nnf] jif{f] ;f]xL cjlwdf
#@=! k|ltzt x|f;sf] ljkl/t ;dLIff
cjlwdf #!=) k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . cd] l /sL 8n/df cGo
d'n'stkm{sf] j:t' cfoft cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] @(=# k|ltzt
x|f;sf] ljkl/t ;dLIff cjlwdf @!=^
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ cd]l/sL 8n/
(( s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . ef/taf6
d'VotofM k]6f l] nod kbfy{ /f;folgs
dn, tof/L kf]zfs, s[lif pks/0f
tyf kf6{ / sf]Onfsf] cfoft a9]sf]
5 . cGo d'n'saf6 ljz]ifu/L ;'g,
e6df;sf] sRrf t]n, /f;folgs
dn, rfFbL / cGo d]lzg/L tyf
kf6{sf] cfoftdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . $!=
rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf
s' n j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6f !&=(
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= !*) ca{ &&
s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf s'n j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6f
!=# k|ltztn] 36]sf] lyof] . s'n
j:t' Jofkf/ 3f6fdWo] ef/t;F+usf]
3f6f ;dLIff cjlwdf (=$ k|ltztn]
j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf ef/t;Fusf] o:tf] 3f6f
#@=* k|ltztn] j9]sf] lyof] . To:t},
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] 5 dlxgf;Dddf #^=*
k|ltztn] 36]sf] cGo d'n's;Fusf]
Jofkf/ 3f6f ;dLIff cjlwdf #^=&
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL
8n/df s'n Jofkf/ 3f6f cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf] @=* k|ltzt
j[l4sf] t'ngfdf ;dLIff cjlwdf (=@
k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . $@=
cfoft Jofkf/df cfPsf] j[l4sf]
sf/0f ;dLIff cjlwdf lgof{tcfoft
cg'kft !^=^ k|ltztdf em/]sf] 5 .
cg'kft !&=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .
zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt $#= cfly{s jif{
;du| zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt xfn ;Dds}
pRr ?= ^^ ca{ &@ s/f]8n] artdf
/x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf ?= $ ca{ @^ s/f]8n]
zf]wgfGt/ 3f6fdf /x]sf] lyof] .

dlxgf;Dddf rfn" vftf ?= #! ca{
(( s/f]8n] artdf /x]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf rfn" vftf ?= #
ca{ %( s/f]8n] 3f6fdf /x]sf] lyof] .
vf;u/L ljk|i] f0f cfodf ePsf] pNn]Vo
j[l4 Pj+ ;]jf vftfdf ePsf] pNn]Vo
;'wf/sf sf/0f rfn" vftfdf pNn]Vo
;'wf/ ePsf] xf] . cd]l/sL 8n/df
;dLIff cjlwdf zf]wgfGt/ art ?=
*% s/f]8 !^ nfv 8n/ k'u]sf] 5
eg] rfn" vftf art ?= $) s/f]8
! nfv 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] ;f]x] L cjlwdf zf]wgfGt/ 3f6f
% s/f]8 ^$ nfv 8n/ k'u]sf] lyof]
eg] rfn" vftf 3f6f $ s/f]8 &&
nfv 8n/ k' u ] s f] lyof] . $$=
Pkm=cf]=aL= d"Nodf cfwfl/t j:t'
Jofkf/ 3f6f cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf !=& k|ltztn] 36]sf]df
;dLIff cjlwdf !&=$ k|ltztn] j[l4
eO{ ?= !&# ca{ &( s/f]8 k'u]sf]
5 . ljut s]xL jif{bl] v 3f6fdf /x]sf]
v'b ;]jf cfo ;dLIff cjlwdf ?= (
ca{ (# s/f]8n] artdf /x]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf v'b ;]jf
vftf 3f6f ?= % ca{ @* s/f]8 /x]sf]
lyof] . ;]jf cGtu{t, cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
klxnf] 5 dlxgfdf ko{6g cfodf !*=@
k|ltztn] x|f; cfPsf]df ;dLIff
cjlwdf @(=% k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
5 . To:t}, v'b 6fG;km/ cfo cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] t'ngfdf @(=! k|ltztn] j[l4
eO{ ?= !*( ca{ ## s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 .
6fG;km/ cGtu{t k]G;g cfodf %=^
k|ltztn] sdL cfO{ ?= !# ca{ !$
s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 . ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] !!=% k|ltzt j[l4sf]
t'ngfdf #&=! k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=
!^@ ca{ #& s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 . dfl;s
?kdf x]bf{, rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] d+l;/
dlxgfsf] t'ngfdf k'; dlxgfdf ljk|i] f0f
cfk|jfx @=& k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 .
cd]l/sL 8n/df ljk|i] f0f cfo cl3Nnf]
jif{sf] 5 dlxgfdf !$=* k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] d f ;dLIff cjlwdf @^=&
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ @ ca{ ^ s/f]8 &%
nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ k'us
] f] 5 . To;}u/L,
;dLIff cjlwdf ljQLo vftf cGtu{t
?= % ca{ ( s/f]8sf] k|ToIf j}bl] zs
nufgL k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf o:tf] nufgL jfkt ?=
$ ca{ $^ s/f]8 k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .
ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rlt $%= @)^*
k'; d;fGtdf s'n ljb]zL ljlgdo
;l~rlt @)^* c;f/ d;fGtsf] ?=
@&@ ca{ !% s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf ##=!
k|ltztn] a9L ?= #^@ ca{ !# s/f]8
k'us
] f] 5 . @)^& k'; d;fGtdf o:tf]
;l~rlt @)^& c;f/ d;fGtsf]
t'ngfdf @=& k|ltztn] 36]/ ?= @^!
ca{ ^$ s/f]8 /xg uPsf] lyof] . s'n
;l~rltdWo] g]kfn /fi6 a}s
+ df /x]sf]
;l~rlt @)^* c;f/ d;fGtsf] ?=
@!# ca{ !) s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf @)^*
k'; d;fGtdf $!=# k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{
?= #)! ca{ & s/f]8 k'us
] f] 5 . cd]l/sL
8n/df eg] a}ls If]qdf /x]sf] ljb]zL
d'bf| ;l~rlt @)^* c;f/b]lv @)^*
k'; d;fGt;Dddf !%=# k|ltztn] j[l4
eO{ cd]l/sL 8n/ $ ca{ $@ s/f]8
k'us
] f] 5 . cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf
o:tf] ;l~rlt )=& k|ltztn] j[l4
ePsf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)^*^(
sf] 5 dlxgf;Ddsf] cfoftnfO{ cfwf/
dfbf{ ljb]zL ljlgdo ;l~rltsf]
ljBdfg :t/n] !)=@ dlxgfsf] j:t'
cfoft / (=! dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf ;]jf
cfoft wfGg kof{Kt /xg] b]lvG5 .
;fj{hlgs
:yfgdf w"d|kfg
u/]df
hl/jfgfdf
kl/G5
7
e|i6frf/Lx====
sldzgsf nflu s' F b 5g eg]

sd{rf/Lsf] s] s'/f < hgtfn] rfx]sf
5g\, d'n'sdf cbfntaf6} k|dfl0ft
ePsf # hgf g]tfx?df e|i6frf/L
5}gg\, c? w]/} 5g\ /, afFsL ;a}nfO{
bl08t ug]{ sfg'g agf];\ . Toltdfq
x}g, 5fglag ug]{ Jofks hgtfn] klg
;xefuL x'g kfpg] zlQm;DkGg ;+oGq
agf];\ . e|i6rf/ k|wfgdGqLn] b]vs
] f
5}gg, cbfntn] klg b]v]sf] 5}g,
vf;df hgtfn] b]v]sf 5g\ . lxhf]
s] x L kfqx?nfO{ e| i 6frf/Lsf]
cleof]udf sfnf]df];f] bn]/ hgtfsf]
efjgf lhTg]x? cfh s] ul/x]sf
5g\ <
PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf nf]slk|o o'jf
g] t f g] q ljqmd rGb ljKnjsf]
zAbdf kf6L{sf] kb ;Qf / zlQmsf]
b'?kof]u u/]/ hGd]sf] gofF ju{ cyf{t\
/fhsLo ju{dfly k|xf/ ul/g} k5{ .
/fhsLo ju{nfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{ hfg]
xf] eg] kf6L{ jf:tjdf gofF ;fdGt
ju{df kl/0ft x'g]5 . gjwgf9\o
kf6L{sf] gfd a]r/] JolQmut ;DklQ
y'kfg]{ kl/kf6L{nfO{ Wj:t kfg}{ k5{ .
elgG5 lg e|i6n] e|i6nfO{ sf/jfxL
ug{ ;Sb}g . ha g]tT[ jdf g}lts an
cGt{lglxt x'G5 ta dfq vt/f df]Ng]
cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf; x'g ;S5 .
cfgf g}ltstf u'dfpg]x?n] 7"nf s'/f
ug'{ Joy{ x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ d"n
g]t[Tjn] cfTd;fy ug'{ h?/L 5 .
kf6L{leq hjfkmb]lxtf x'g'k5{ .
Pp6f cfg} kf6L{sf] ;L;LPd, kLeL
Pd jf cf/ jL Ps nut sfo{df
km:of] . eg] To;sf] lhDdf kf6L{n]
lng ;Sg' k 5{ . cfg} dGqLx?,
;f+ ; bx? e| i 6frf/sf] bnbndf
km:bfv]/L kf6L{n] P]of eGg ;Sg'k5{ .
d]/f] x'g'sf] gftfn] h] u/]klg 5'6 x'g'
x' F b } g . vKk/f} NofPs} e/df
dgkl/tGqnfO{ a9fjf lbg'x'Fb}g .
sDo' l gi6 kf6L{ s f] cg' z f;g /
cfr/0fnfO{ kf6L{n] slxn] kfngf
u/fpg] < g] k fndf /fhgLlts
cfj/0fdf e|i6frf/ ug]{ /f]u g} ag]sf]
5 . cfk" m ;jf] { R r cbfntaf6
e|i6frf/L k|dfl0ft ePkl5 jxfnjfnf
dGqL h] k L u' K tfn] k| x /Lsf]
3] / fjLraf6} eg] l;f] dw] ;
cfGbf]ng l;Wofpg] if8oGq ePsf]
5 . ca kf6L{sf lzif{:y g]tfnfO{
x'g] xf] eg] ToxL cj:yf x'G5 .
cbfntn] jf clVtof/n] ;fF R r}
e|i6x?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ ;lqmotf
b]vfof] eg] kf6L{x?n] oxfF ;+;b\af6
b'O{ ltxfO{ cbfntdfly sf/jfxL ug{
a]/ nufpFbg} g\ . o;sf] cy{ g]kfnsf]
cbfnt klg lgikIf / :jtGq 5
eGg] xf]Og . cbfnt cfk}Fm klg
e|i6frf/sf] bnbndf 8'as
] f] 5 . oxfF
t e|i6frf/ lj/f]wL cleofg ;'? ubf{
cfk}Fmaf6 ;'? ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
k|wfgdGqL k|wfgGofofwLz ;efd'v,
bnsf g]tf ;a} Psk6s w]/y} f]/} h]n
a;]/ of] cfGbf]ngsf] ;'? ug'k{ g]{ 5 .
a? Psk6ssf nflu h]n a;]kl5
;kmfO lbg] sfg'gL Joj:yf ug'{
a'l4dfgL x'g5
] .
Pp6} = ==
P]gnufotsf !# eGbf a9L ljw]os

;+ ; b\ d f k] ; u/] s f] lyof] . ut
d+ u naf/ ck/fXg a;] s f] ;+ ; b\
a}7sdf k|ltkIfL bnsf] hjfkm lbFb}
pkk|wfg tyf u[xdGqL ljhos'df/
uR5bf/n] & kmfu'gdf dgfOFb} cfOPsf]
k|hftGq lbj; gdgfPsf]kl| t uNtL
:jLsf/ ub}{ l;/xfdf dfl/Psf Pdfn]
sfo{stf{ /fd:jk kf;jfgsf] kl/jf/nfO{
bz nfv lbg] hgfP nuQ} clwj]zg
cGTosf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] .
Jofkf/Ln] = ==
Uof; ge/]sf] tyf k]6f n

] kDkn] klg
cfwf dfq} afF8]kl5 eNe aGb u/]/
s[lqd cefj ;[hgf ug]{ u/]sf]
kfO{Psf] hfgsf/L lbP . Uof;sf] ;xh
cfk"lt{sf nflu UofF; pBf]unfO{
l;ln08/df lkmln ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf]
cwf/df Uof;F lbg] / pkef]Qmfsf nflu
/ftf], Aoj;foLs k|of]hgsf nflu lgnf]
sf8{dfkm{t\ Uof; cfk'lt{ ;xh agfpg]
of]hgfdf dGqfno nfu]sf] en]
hfgsf/L lbP . h] 7 dlxgf;Dd
cfk"lt{ ;xh agfpg ( ca{?k}ofF
cfjZos kg{] dGqL en] atfPsf
5g\ .
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
;/sf/sf]===
zlQms]Gb|sf] dglhTg hglj/f]wL sfo{
ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf 5g\ . ;Qfk|ltsf]
pgsf] df]x emg} a9]/ uPsf] 5 .
;/sf/df h;/L klg 6fFl;/xg] pgsf]
dgf]sf+Iff o;cl3 g k|i6 eO;s]sf]
5 . k|dv
' k|ltkIf nufot cGo bnn]
;/sf/sf] sfo{zn
} Lsf] rsf]{ lj/f]w ub}{
ubf{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;dy{ g lbPsf
bnx?n] ;d]t PsfPs ;dy{g lkmtf{
lng yfn] s f 5g\ . ;/sf/sf]
cfrf/0fk|lt uDeL/ cfklQ hgfpFb}
tL bnx?n] ;dy{ g lkmtf{ lng]
atfPsf 5g\ . cNkdtdf kb}{ uPsf]
e/fO{ g] t [ T jsf] ;/sf/ cfgf]
g}ltstfnfO{ e'Nb} ;/sf/df al;/x]sf]
5 . h;n] ubf{ dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
hgtfsf] cufl8 ;Qfdf]xL ePsf]
k|dfl0ft x'bF } uPsf] 5 . ;+;b\jfbLx?n]
k|dfl0ft ug{ rfx]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft
ug{ e/fO{ ;/sf/ cfk}m cu|;/ ePsf]
b]lvG5 . of] of Tof] dfg]df e/fO{
g]tT[ jsf] u7aGwg ;/sf/ c;kmn
ePkl5 o;sf] ljsNk vf]Hg bnx?
;xdt eO;s]sf 5g\ . h;sf] sf/0f
u7aGwg ;/sf/ 9Ng] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] 5 . $% lbgdf zflGt /
;+ljwfgsf] nflu 7f]; sfo{ ug]{ jfrf
ub}{ ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tjdf k'u]sf 8f=
afa'/fd e/fO{ g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] ^
dlxgf k'lu;Sbf klg s'g} l;Gsf] efFRg
g;s]sf] k|i6 eO;s]sf] 5 . o;
dfg]df of] ;/sf/ cGttM ;a}eGbf
sn+lst ;/sf/sf] ?kdf bh{ eP/
aflxl/g] lglZrt ePsf] 5 .
zflGt===
;lhn} :jLsf/ ug]{ cj:yf klg 5}g
/ k'/} c:jLsf/ ug{ klg ;lsb}g .
;fdfGotM xfdL ;a}sf] rfxgf / efjgf
o'4 n8\g gk/f]; / hgtfn] o'4sf]
kl/j]z em]Ng gk/f]; eGg] g} 5 t/
s'/f olt dfq 5}g olb hgtfsf]
clwsf/ n' l 6g vf] H of] , b] z df
k/flwgtf nflbg vf]Hof], /fHonfO{
k'/fg} k|jl[ tn] zf;g ug{ vf]lhof], o;f]
egf} hgo'4 / g]kfnL qmflGtxsf
k|:tfjx / p2]Zox vf/]h ul/g
vf]lhof] eg] o'4 clgjfo{ dfldnf aGg
klg ;S5 . o'4nfO{ gofF lk9Ln] ;xh}
:jLsf/ ug'{ kg]{ / cufl8 j9fpg' kg]{
klg x'g ;S5 . o;nfO{ klg xfdLn] Ps
;RrfOs} kdf lng' kg]{ x'g ;S5 .
x/]s o'4nfO{ ulxl/P/ s]nfpg]
xf] eg] oL ;a} /fhgLlts} lj:tfl/t
k xf] . /fhgLlts sf/0flagf s'g}
klg o'4 cufl8 cfpFbg} / ;+rfng
x'Fb}g . To;}u/L vf; /fhgLlts
sf/0fx xn geP;Dd o'4sf] cGTo
klg x'Fb}g . olb xfdLn] o'4 rfxb}gf}
eg] /fhgLlts kIfxnfO{ ;dfwfg
ug}{ kb{5 . /fhgLlts ;DjGwxnfO{
;dfwfg ug'{sf] ;f 6fn6'n kf/]/
zflGtsf] s'ts{ ul/of] jf zflGt xf]nf
eg]/ xNnf ul/of] eg] Tof] s'ts{ of
sNkgf dfq x'G5 . jf:tljstfdf o'4
clgjfo{ agfpg' h:t} x'G5 . hgo'4
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] k|ltlaDa xf] .
/fhgLlts ;d:ofxsf] t'ngfdf of]
;xfos ljifo xf] . olb g]kfndf
/fHo;Qf / hgtfsf] aLrdf
cd}qLk"0f{ cGt/lj/f]w x'b}gYof] eg],
olb /fhgLlts k|0ffnL / hgtfsf]
aLrdf c;xh ;+3if{ x'b}gYof] eg]
hgo'4 x'b}gYof] / czflGt klg
x'b}gYof] . g]kfndf ;fdGtjfbn]
ls;fgxnfO{ pTkL8gdf /fVof] .
bnfn kF'hLjfbn] dhb'/nfO{ zf]if0f
uof] . s]Gb|Lo ;Qfn] hghftL /
dlxnfxdfly pTkL8g uof] .
g]kfnsf] cy{tGq k5of}6] / sdhf]/
eof] . ljb] z L x} s d a] n ufd /
clgolGqt eP/ uof] . Ps k|sf/n]
b]zsf] cj:yf lgs} c:tJo:t eof] .
of] l:yltaf6 aflx/ cfpg / d'Qm
x'g gful/sxn] zflGtk'0f{ k|oTg lgs}
u/] . ljleGg bn / sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n]
klg lgs} d]xgt u/], k/Gt' To;n]
g]kfnsf ;Qf;Lg ju{nfO s'g} kl/jt{g
ug{ ;s]g . :jtGqtf / clwsf/ dfu
ug]{ hgtfnfO{ bdg / cTofrf/
ug]{lt/ uof] . kl/0ffdtM gkfnL
hgtfsf] ;fd' o'4g} clGtd ljsNk
aGg k'Uof] / hgo'4sf] kdf Tof]
cufl8 cfof] .
hgo'4dfkm{t g]kfnL hgtfn]
cfkmgf ju{, hftL, ln / If]qsf
k|:tfjxnfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn]
cufl8 ;f/] . ls;fgxn]

e'dL;'wf/sf] dfu ;f/], dhb'/xn]
plrt j]tg / /fHosf] dfu u/],
blnt / dlxnfxn] ljz]if clwsf/sf]
dfu u/], hghftL, dw]zL / pTkLl8t
If]qxn] :joQ zf;gsf] k|:tfj u/] .
tL dfux ;xL dfq ;fljt ePgg
ls :jLs[t ;d]t eP . aGb'ssf]
df]x/Ln] :yflkt u/]sf hgtfsf
k|:tfjdf ;j} /fhgLlts bnx
;xdt ePkl5 / tL k|:tfjxnfO{
zflGtk'0f{ tl/sfn] klg ;'Nemfpg
;lsG5 eGg] eP kl5 dfcf]jfbL kf6L{
/ hgtf of] zflGtk'0f{ k|so[ fdf ;xdt
/ ;xefuL aGg cfPsf x'g\ .
3fd nfu] k l5 hf8f] lal;{ g ]
5]kf/f]sf] k|jl[ t h:tf] g]kfnsf zf;s
ju{n] zflGtk|so[ fdf cfPkl5 aGb's
lal;{g] e'n ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . hgtf;+u
u/]sf afrf, k|ltj4tf / cfkm}n]
hgtf;dIf /fv]sf / ;xdlt u/]sf
k| : tfjx 5f] 8 \ g yfn] s f] 5 .
dflglng'; ls oL ;a} o:t} x'g, oL
t eGgsf nflu dfq cufl8 ;fl/Psf
x'g,\ nfu' eP klg x'G5 geP klg
x'G5 h:tf] ub}{ 5g\ . zf;sxn]
d'v{tfk'0f{ tl/sfn] ljutsf] zf;s
ju{n] u/] h:tf] zflGtlj/f]wL / ljsf;
lj/f] w L h:tf a] t ' s sf ts{ x
bf]xofpg yfn]sf 5g\ . hgtfsf
;Dk'0f{ dfldnfxnfO{ k/ yGsfP/
k|hftGqsf cd"t{ /fu cnfKg yfn]sf
5g . of] ;dod} e|i6frf/, dx+uL,
c/fhstf, j}b]lzs x:tIf]k olt
j9]sf] 5 ls ;'Gbf klg nfh nfUGf]
ePsf] 5 . zf;sxsf] of] tl/sfn]
hgtfnfO{ Ps k|sf/n] km]/L x}/fg /
cfqmf] l zt agfpb} nu] s f] 5 .
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ / g]kfnL hgtfn]
hgtfsf k|:tfjxk|lt a]OdfgL gxf];
eGg] rxfG5g\ . zf;sx ljutdf
h:tf] s'rL{ kfPkl5 hgtf e'Ng] /
hgtfnfO{ 9fF65n u/] eOxfN5 eGg]
;f+]raf6 /5\ofgdf glu?g eGg]
rxfG5g\ . hgtf cfkm\gf] k|:tfjx
hf] bh{gf} ;xdlt / ;+emf}tfxdf
;xdlt ul/Psf 5g\ tL
OdfGbfl/tfk'js
{ kfngf xf]pg\ eGg]
rfxG5g\ . la8Djgf, sf+ u | ] ; /
Pdfn] x zf;s ju{ ; + u ldn] /
otfkl s'g} rf;f] /flv/x]sf 5}gg\ .
o;n] :jefjt xfdLleq u+eL/ ax;
;[hgf ug{ yfn]sf] 5 ls hgtfsf
k|:tfj / dfuxk|lt wf]sf x'g yfNof]
/ b]znfO{ oyfl:yltd} aGb ug{
yflnof] eg] s] ug]{ / s] x'g] < s]
xfdL ;j} a]OdfgL / wf]sf w8LnfO{
d'vbz{s dfq ag]/ 6'n' 6'n' x]/]/
a:g ;S5f} < cyjf h] ef] eOxfNof],
cfhnfO ;x]/ a;f}+, krfpF, h] u/]
klg k5fl8 s'g} df}sfdf u/f}nf eg]/
lx8\g ;S5f} < xfd|f] b[li6df of] c;+ej
s'/f xf] . b]z b'lgofF ;anfO{ yfxf 5
hgtf pTkL8gdf 5g\ / dfcf]jfbL
hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ ;bg / ;/sf/
;Dd k'u]sf] 5 . hgtfn] klg c?
s] x L geP/ cfkmgf k| : tfjx
OdfGbf/Ltfk'j{s nfu' xf]pg\ eGg]
rx]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLn] klg hgtfsf
cg' d f] l bt
k| : tfjx
OdfGbfl/tfsf;fy nfu' ul/g]lt/
hfpg\ eGg]g} rfx]sf] 5 . of] s'/f
dfcf] j fbLn] ;bgdf /fv] s f] 5,
ljkIfL;+u klg /fv]sf] 5, hgtf /
ljb]zL zlQms]Gb|;u+ klg k|i6 9n]
/fv]sf] 5 . o;df dfcf]jfbLsf] c?
s]xL klg 5}g . s]jn hgtfn] clwsf/
kfpg\ / ljutdf g] k fnsf x/
qmflGtkl5 jf hgcfGbf]ng kl5
hgtfn] vfPsf] h:tf] wf]sf gvfpg
eGg] ;f]r /fv]sf] 5 . ;fy} hgtfn]
km]/L clwsf/sf] nflu eg]/ afWotfsf]
o'4 n8\g gk/f]; of gofF lk9Ln] km]/L
g]kfnL /fhlgltsf] nfrf/Lkgsf] lj?4
ljb|f]x ub}{ qmflGtsf] lju'n ahfpg'
gk/f]; eGg] rfx]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] g] k fnL /fhgLltsf]
nfrf/Lkg, a]OdfgL, 5n5fd /
j]jf:yfsf] l:yltnfO{ x]bf{ hgo'4sf
k| : tfjxk| l t / hgtfsf]
clwsf/dfly wf]sfw8L x'g yfn]sf]
lrq b]lvb} 5 . sfu|];, Pdfn] /
bnfnx ;xdlt / ;+emf}tfxaf6
kmls{g yfln /x]sf 5g\ . o;n]
:jefjtM zflGtsf] 7fpF o'4n] lnb}g
eGg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g . hgtfn]
zflGt rfxG5g\, hgtfsf] k|ltlglwsf
x}l;otn] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] klg zflGtg}
rfxG5 . k/Gt' of] hgtf /

dfcf]jfbLsf] rfxgfsf] s? f dfq xf] .
olb sfu];| , Pdfn] / ;Qfl;g ju{n]
hgtf / dfcf]jfbLsf] of] efjgfsf]
;xL k|sf/n] jf]w ug{ / cfTd;ft\
ug{ ;s]gg eg] s] xf]nf < hgtfn]
cfkmgf clwsf/ ckxl/t x'g] jf
n'l6g] cj:yf cfPsf] b]v] eg] s]
xf]nf < hgtfn] clwsf/ljxLg zflGt
/f]Hnfg of clwsf/sf] nflu cfjZos
kof] eg] o'4 /f]hnfg < dfcf]jfbLn]
hgtfsf] clwsf/ xgg ePsf] / /fHo
k'/fg} 7fpdf kmls{Psf] :jLsf/nf of
hgtfn] ha/h:t /f]Hg] o'4sf] g]tT[ j
ug{ cufl8 ;nf{ < cfhsf] zflGt
/fHo kfGt/0f / hgtfsf] clwsf/
;' l glZrttf;+ u hf] l 8Psf] 5 .
/fHonfO{ kfGt/0f ug{ / hgtfsf]
clwsf/nfO ;'lglZrt ug{ tof/ x'g'
zflGtnfO{ ;kmn ug'{ xf] . xf]Og
/fHonfO{ k'/fg} u'0fdf /fv]/, ;fdGt
/ bnfnxsf] xftdf sfod /fv]/
zflGtsf] kl/sNkgf ug'{ eg]sf]
o'4nfO{ clgjfo{ agfpg' xf] . ;Qf;Lg
jUf{xs} sf/0f clwsf/sf] nflu
Gofok'0f{ o'4 clgjfo{ aGg uof] eg]
dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] To;nfO{ g]tT[ j ug'{
klg clgjfo{g} 5 . hgo'4sf] gofF
df]8df pleP/ x]bf{ b]lvg] zflGt /
o'4sf] lrq of] g} xf] . s;}nfO dL7f]
nfu] klg gnfu] klg of] s6' ;TonfO
;j} n ] ;t\ dfg] / dgg u/f} F /
lhDd]jf/Lk'0f{ tl/sfn] sfo{ u/f}F .
yk====
dn]lzof;Fu >d ;Demf}tf ug{ ;a}
tof/L u/]sf]df dn]lzofn] ! nfv

3/] n ' sfdbf/ lbPdf dfq >d
;Demf}tf ug{ c8\sf] yfk]sf] lyof] .
>d ;Demf}tf x'gsf nflu sfdbf/
k7fpg] tyf sfdbf/ lng] b'j} b]z
tof/ x'g'k5{ dGqfno ;|f]tn] eGof],
t/, /f]huf/bftf b]zx? o;sf nflu
tof/ g} x'Fb}gg\ . >d ;Demf}tfsf
nflu /f]huf/bftf b]znfO{ k6sk6s
cfu|x ul/Psf] dGqfnon] atfPsf]
5 . Dofb ;lsPsf ;Demf} t fsf]
k'g/fjnf]sg >d tyf oftfoft
Joj:yf dGqfnon] o;cl3 ul/Psf
sltko b] z sf] >d ;Demf} t f
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ePsf] 5 . tL
b]z;Fusf] >d ;Demf}tfsf] Dofb
;lsPsfn] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ nfluPsf]
k|jQmf a'l4axfb'/ v8\sfn] atfP .
o;cl3 ePsf k|foMh;f] ;Demf}tfsf]
Dofb ;lsO;s]sf] 5, pgn] eg], tL
>d ;Demf} t fsf] rfn" cfjleq}
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 . dGqfnon]
o;cl3 stf/, ;+oS' t c/a Old/]6;,
ax/fOg, hfkfg / blIf0f sf]l/of;Fu
>d ;Demf}tf u/]sf] lyof] . o;cl3
ePsf >d ;Demf}tfdf s]xL a'Fbf
yk36 ug{'kg{] ;d]t dGqfnon]
atfPsf] 5 . dGqfnon] o; ;DaGwdf
klg cfjZos tof/L ul//x] s f]
atfOPsf] 5 .
x]nf]===
x' G 5 . gful/stf, c+ z ,
hUufnufotsf d' 2 fx tTsfn
;dfwfg ug{ ufx|f] x'g] pgn] atfP .
k|wfgdGqL sfof{non] k|To]s tLg
dlxgfdf ph'/L ;'gj' fO ePgePsf]
Psd'i6 ljj/0f ;lrj / dGqLnfO{
k]; ug{k' g]5
{ . ut k'; dlxgf;Dd
cfPsf ph'/L;DaGwL k|ltj]bg b'O{
lbg cl3 ;lrj nLnfdl0f kf}8n
] nfO{
a'emfPsf] xf] . pSt k|ltj]bgn] ph'/L
ug{]sf] ;+Vof 36\b} uPsf] b]vfPsf]
5 . x] n f] ;/sf/df s] x L ;do
cl3;Dd k'n, af6f] gag]sf], ;]gf
;dfof]hg, zflGt / ;+ljwfgnufot
ljifodf u'gf;f] cfpg] uy]{ . clxn]
clwsf+z ph'/L Uof;, k]6f]n cefj,
nf]8;]l8, dlxnf lx+;fnufotsf
ph'/L cfpg] u/]sf] x]nf] ;/sf/
sIfsf sd{rf/L /fdxl/ Gof}kfg]n]
hfgsf/L lbP .
Pdfn] n ] = ==
/rgfTds sfo{ q md ul//x] s f]

cfof]hsn] hgfPsf 5g\ . @! ut]
hgk|bz{g / v'nfd~rsf] ;ef;lxt
;'? x'g] a}7s tLg lbg rNg]5 .
a}7sn] cf7f}F dxflwj]zgkl5 kf6L{leq
pTkGg ;d:of / efjL /fhgLlts
sfo{lbzf to ug{] Pdfn]n] hgfPsf]
5 . kl/ifb\ a}7ss} nflu ut ;ftf
Eff/tsf] ljsf; M Ps k|/] 0ff

;ndf vft'g
ef/t e|d0fsf] ;ftfJofkL e|d0fsf qmddf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/j{tgn]
;fdflhs If]qdf NofOPlbPsf] dxTjk"0f{ pknlAwaf/] dx;'; ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf]
lyPF . x'g t ;dfrf/ vf]Hg] / ;dfrf/d} /Dg'kg]{ k]zf g} ePklg dlxnf
clwsf/;DaGwL g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] pknlAwsf] bfo/faf/] ef/t e|d0fdf
dxz'; ug]{ cj;/ kfOof] . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfnfO{ clwsf/
;DkGg agfpg /fHosf] x/]s If]qdf ## k|ltzt cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]
5 . ;+jw} flgs clwsf/ / k|fjwfgsf] /fHosf x/]s c+udf s;/L ;'lglZrt
ul/Psf] 5 To;af/] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog afFsL g} xf]nf jf sltko lgsfodf
dlxnfxsf] kx'r
F sf nflu rflxg] cfjZos of]Uotf Ifdtfsf] cefjdf dlxnf
lgo'lQm ;dfg'kflts kdf gul/Psf] klg x'g ;Sg] cWoogaf6 k|li6g ;Snf .
t/ ;+jw} flgs k|fjwfgn] g]kfnL dlxnfn] clwsf/ ;DkGg eg] agfPsf] kSs}
xf] . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] nf]stflGqs tyf ;dtfjfbL r]tgfn] cem} dlxnfn]
clwsf/ kfpg afFsL /x]klg k|fKt clwsf/nfO{ ef/tLo /fhgLltsf] cj:yf;+u
t'ngf ubf{ b'Mv ug'k{ g]{ geP/ uj{ ug]{ g]kfnL cj:yf /x]sf] e|d0fsf qmddf
cg'ej eof] . nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf] sfnv08 g]kfn ef/tdf Pp6} ePklg
g]kfndf xfn;Dd nf]stflGqs n8fFO n8g' k/]sf] oyf{y xf] / o;}n] xf]nf
g]kfndf dlxnf clwsf/sf] ljBdfg cj:yf ef/tLo kl/k|I] odf sd eg]
/x]sf] 5}g\ . ef/tdf ;+3Lo u0ftGq plxn] ePklg g]kfndf clxn] cfPsf] 5 .
g]kfndf u0ftGq ;+:yfut x'g cl3 agfOPsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgd} ## k|ltztsf]
cf/If0f ;'Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 t/ ef/tdf clxn] ## k|ltzt cf/If0fdf
/fhgLlts 5nkmn / ax; eO/x]sf] 5 . ^ bzs k'/fgf] nf]stGqsf] cEof;
ul/;s]sf /fhgLlts bnxn] dlxnf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ b]vfPsf] 5f]6f]
Jojxf/af6 e|d0fsf qmddf cfZro{ nfUof] .
ef/tsf] tNnf] ;bg nf]s;efsf ;efd'v dL/fs'df/n] dlxnf clwsf/af/]
ef/tdf rn]sf] ax;sf af/]df wf/0ff JoQm ub}e
{ Gg'eof] dlxnf cyjf k'?if
x'gn
' ] s'g} kbsf] sfo{df km/s gkfg]{ ef/tsf] tNnf] ;bg nf]s;efsf ;efd'v
dL/fs'df/n] atfpg'eof] . cfk"m ;d]t ;xefuL g]kfnaf6 uPsf] !@ hgf
dlxnf kqsf/sf] 6f]nL;Fusf] s'/fsfgLdf ;efd'v dL/fs'df/n] eGg' eof]
r
F g' f}tL t ;a}nfO{ cfpF5g\ rfx] Tof] dlxnf xf];\ jf k'?if, xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{
lnLo kdf x]g{ x'bF g} . a? ;s];Dd k|lt:kwf{Tds aGg ;Sg'k5{ . F pxfFn]
cufl8 yKg'seof] 1F fgsf] k|of]u u/L lgodcg';f/ s8f kl/>d u/] dlxnfx
k'?ifeGbf slQ klg sd x'bF g} g\ . pgLxdf ePsf] ;'ema'emo'Qm Jojxf/n]
pgLxnfO{ k'?ifeGbf klg ;kmn t'Nofpg ;S5 . pBdL / ;fxfl;s dlxnfn]
/fli6o lgdf{0fdf k'/o\ fPsf] of]ubfg k|;z
+ gLo / cg's/0fLo /x]sf] 5 . cfly{s
ljsf;sf] b'O{ pTs[i6 gd'gfsf] kdf dlxnff/f ;~rflnt ;]jf gfds ;+:yf
/ cd"n 8]/LnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . s/La tL; jif{cl3 vf]lnPsf] ;]jf ;+:yfn]
nfvf}+ dlxnfnfO{ /f]huf/L k|bfg u/L ;zlQms/0f cleofgnfO{ b/f] tl/sfn]
cl3 a9fPsf] 5 . tLg bzssf bf}/fg ljleGg 3/]n' sfddf nfu]sf !@ nfv
%^ xhf/ dlxnfx ;]jfsf ;b:o alg;s]sf 5g\ . dlxnfn] 3/df hlt;'s}
sfd u/]klg To;sf] vf;} d"Nof+sg gul/g] kl/j]zdf ltg} dlxnfxn]
cfkm\gf] b}lgs sfo{nfO{ cfh pBf]usf] kdf kl/0ft u/]sf 5g\ . u'h/ftsf]
cxdbfafbaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] ;]jfF xfn pQ/ k|b]z, dWo k|b]z, laxf/,
lbNnL, /fh:yfg, klZrld a+ufnnufot ef/tsf ( j6f /fHodf km}ln;s]sf]
5 . ljz]if u/L l;nfOa'gfO / t/sf/L Jofkf/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOPsf]
;]jfcGtu{t t/sf/L Joj;foL dlxnfdfq ^) xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ .
u}//fhg}lts of] ;+:yf cgf}krfl/s If]qd} sfo{ ul//x]sf dlxnfxnfO{
sk8f l;nfOa'gfOsf] cj;/ k|bfg u/L /f]huf/L ;d]t ;[hgf u/]sf] 5 .
s'n & 3G6fsf] ;dofjlwdf ;]jfdf b}lgs slDtdf klg %) j6f n'uf
pTkfbg ul/G5 . cfgf}krfl/s kd} yflnPsf] of] ;+:yfn] cfh 68] o'lgogsf]
k lnPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf sfdbf/ dlxnfsf] ahf/ Joj:yfkg, d"No lgwf{/0f
h:tf sfo{ pgLx cfkm}+n] ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ / o;}u/L pgLxn] s/f]8f}+sf]
art ;d]t ul/;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf 3/]n' pBf]uxn]b]lv ;a} If]qdf
/fhgLlt xfjL 5 . ;fy} /fHoaf6 klg 3/]n' pBf]uxn] klg k|fT] ;fxg /
;xof]u gkfpg' xfdL g]kfnLsf] lj8Dagf xf] .
To;}u/L ;g\ !($^ df b'Oj{ 6f ufpFaf6 b"w hDdf u/]/ yflnPsf] cd"n
;xsf/L 8]/L cfh Pl;ofs} 7"nf] a|fG8sf] kdf kl/lrt 5 . ;/bf/ aNne
efO k6]n / lqe'jg bf; k6]nsf] cu'jfOdf s/La ;ohgf ls;fgsf]
;xeflutfdf ;'? ul/Psf] cd"n 8]/Lsf] :yfkgf ef/tsf] :jtGqtf cfGbf]n;Fu
hf]l8Psf] 5 . :j]t qmflGtsf] gfd lbOPsf] b'Uw ls;fgxsf] cfGbf]ngn]
ljZjd} Pp6f gd'gf sfod u/]sf] 5 . cd"nsf xfn !# j6f b'Uw o'lgogsf
#) j6f KnfG6df @^ nfv ls;fg cfa4 5g\ . b"wsf] laqLljt/0faf6 ;'?
ul/Psf] cd'n ;xsf/Ln] clxn] bxL, 3\o," dSvg, rsn]6;lxt ! ;o !$
lsl;dsf kl/sf/x pTkfbg ul//x]sf] 5 . g]kfndf x/]s ;+3;+:yfdf /fhgLlt
xfjL eO/x]sf a]nf u'h/ftsf] cd"n 8]/Ldf s'g} /fhg}lts x:tIf]k ePsf]
b]lvPg . cGt//fli6o :t/s} of] ;xsf/Ldf ls;fgx :jo+n] cfkm\gf lgb]z
{ s
/ Joj:yfks rog ug]{ k|fjwfg 5 . :yfkgfsf] ^# jif{ gfl3 /xFbf ;fgf
ls;fgxsf] b"w Jofkf/n] ef/tsf] cfly{s If]qdf ;fFRr} g} pNn]VgLo cfly{s
qmflGt NofPsf] 5 . h;n] nfvf}n
+ fO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf] t 5Fb5
} d'ns
' sf] cy{tGqdf
;d]t 7"nf] 6]jf k'us
] f] 5 . Jofkf/ ug'd{ fq pgLxsf] p2]Zo x}g b"w pTkfbgsf
;|ft] ufO{e;
+} LnfO{ klg u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k'/o\ fOPsf] 5 ef/tsf] u'h/ftdf .
kz';j] fnfO{ ;'ne agfpg ToxfF df]afOn k|of]uzfnf ;lxtsf] lSnlgs ;~rfng
ul/Psf] 5 . kz'xnfO{ lbOPsf] ;'ljwf oxfF;Ddsf] :t/Lo 5 ls s'g} ;do
ToxfFsf dlxnfn] dlxnf x'g' e
' Gbf kz' eP/ hGdg' a]; eGg] uy]{ c/] o;/L
ef/tdf /fli6o r]tgfsf] ljsf;n] kl/rflnt dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;dfhn] k'/o\ fPsf]
of]ubfg dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf]df z+sf eg] 5}g\ .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] cWoIf emngfy
vgfnn] k]; ug{ /fhgLlts k|ltjb]g
kf; ul/;s]sf] 5 . pSt k|ltj]bgdf
u'6aGbLsf sf/0f kf6L{n] ;/sf/sf]
g]t[ Tj ug{ cj;/ kfP/ klg k|efjsf/L
e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] cf}NF ofOPsf] 5 .
oxL k|ltj]bgdfly kl/ifb\ a}7sdf
;dLIff x'g5
] . zflGtk|lqmof 6'o\ fpg]
/ zf;sLo :jk, /fHo
k'g;{+/rgfnufot ;+ljwfgsf k|d'v
ljjflbt ljifoxdf kf6L{ s f]
cf}krfl/s wf/0ff kl/ifb\ a}7saf6

to x'g]5 . cWoIf / dxf;lrjsf]
clwsf/af/] o;cl3 w' l nv] n
sfo{zfnfdf p7]sf] ljjfbn] klg
kl/ifb\ a}7sdf k|jz
] kfpg ;Sg]5 .
ljwfgdf cWoIfnfO{ sdhf] / /
dxf;lrjnfO{ a9L clwsf/ /x]sf] eGb}
vgfn kIfw/ g]tfn] kf6L{leq s'/f
p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . dxflwj]zg
kl5sf] 7"nf] lgsfo ePsfn] kl/ifb\n]
ljwfgdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ ;S5 .
/fatOfc t]u $! gu
' fmk nf; *^)@
sf= lh= k|= sf= b= g+= !^#@)^#^$
g]tf, a'l4hLjL / dfu{bz{g

g]tf / a'l4hLjLxaLr s]xL
lgtfGt leGgtf / ;dfgtfx
e]l6G5g\ . x/]s g]tf cfgf] 7fpFdf
g]tf dfq x'bF g} , p;n] af}l4s e"ldsf
klg lgjf{x ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ;dfhsf
ljlzi6 df]8 jf 36gfxk|lt p;n]
b]vfpg] k|ltlqmof, ug{ ljZn]if0f /
;+Zn]if0fn] g]tfaf6 lgjf{x x'g'kg{]
e"ldsfnfO{ lgwf{/0f u5{ . g]tfsf]
dfgl;stf, af} l 4stf, To;sf]
cfwf/df lgsflng] lgisif{n] p;sf]
;+:yfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|efljt u5{ .
g]tf;Da4 ;+:yf jf kf6L{n] s:tf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ eGg] s'/fn]
;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / /fli6o
hLjgsf ;du| kIfxnfO{ k|efljt
kf5{ . t;y{ klg s] dfGg ;lsG5
eg] cem g]tfxn] Ps sbd cufl8
a9]/ ljlzi6 vfnsf] af}l4s e"ldsf
lgjf{x ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx c?
af}l4sx jf a'l4hLjLxeGbf ;lqmo
clg cu'jfvfnsf af}l4s x'g\ . o;/L
g} k];]j/ a'l4hLjLxsf] e"ldsfsf]
rrf{ u/f}F . k];]j/ a'l4hLjLx
eGgfn] s'g} ljlzi6 ljifo jf If]qdf
bIftf xfl;n u/]/ af}l4s k];f
cFufn]sf] lzlIft ;d'bfo a'lemG5 .
cfgf] ljifo jf If]qdf bIftf xfl;n
u/]sf] JolSt x'g'sf] gftfn] pm c?
gful/sxeGbf cln ljlzi6
k|sf/sf] gful/s xf] . ;dfh /
/fi6df x'g] x/]s 36gfxk|lt p;n]
lbg] k|ltlqmof klg cln ljlzi6vfnsf]
x'G5, x'gk} 5{ cGoyf a'l4jLjL / pRr
gful/sxsf] e"ldsfsf] aLrdf s'g}
leGgtf /xGg . p;n] /fi6sf x/]s
cleofg, cfGbf]ng / lgsfoxnfO{
dfu{lgb{]zg ug]{ uxg lhDd]jf/L
lng}k5{ . t;y{ klg p;sf] ;fdflhs
e" l dsf eg] s f] cu' j fs} :t/df
x'g'k5{ . a'l4hLjLxn] Tof] e"ldsf
lgjf{x ub}{ klg cfPsf 5g\ . g]tf /
a'l4hLjLxaLr ;dfgtf o; cy{df
5 ls pgLx cfcfgf ljlzi6
If] q xdf lqmofzLn /x] / klg
;dfhdf cu'jfs} e"ldsf lgjf{x
k|df]b lwtfn
ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ;do jf kl/l:yltn]

pgLxaf6 oxL s'/fsf] ck]Iff u/]sf]
x'G5 . g]tf eP/ klg of a'l4hLjL
eP/ klg h'g ;dfhdf pgLx
b'j}af6 cu'jf / dfu{lgb{]zssf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x x'g ;Sb}g, Tof] ;dfh
;fy{s kfGt/0fsf] af6f]df lxF8\g
;Sb}g . o;/L g} pgLxaLr Pp6f
k|i6 leGgtf klg 5, Tof] o; cy{df
ls g]tfn] lgjf{x ug{;Sg] ljlzi6
e"ldsf k];j] / a'l4hLjLxaf6 ;Dej
5}g, k];j] / a'l4hLjLxn] lgjf{x ug{
ljlzi6 e"ldsf g]tfaf6 ;Dej 5}g .
;a} cj:yfdf pgLxsf] e"ldsf
Pp6}vfnsf] /xg ;Sb}g . /fHozlStsf]
k|of]u / zf;ssf] e"ldsfdf g]tf /xFbf
a' l 4hLjLxsf] sfd g] t fxsf]
zf;sLo e" l dsfsf] lg/LIf0f /
va/bf/L ug{] x'g'k5{ . ax';+Vos
pTkLl8t hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff;Fu lgs6
/x]/ /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts / cfly{s
kfGt/0fsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"jd
{ pleg'
Odfgbf/ a'l4hLjLxsf] bfloTj x'g
hfG5 . pk/f]St ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df
x]bf{ jt{dfg g]kfnsf] cj:yf s] 5
t < Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ ;fF3l' /Fb} uPsf]
u0ftGqsf] cj:yf / o;sf
cjojxsf] ljhf]u b]Vbf eGg s/}
nfU5, ;don] g]tfxeGbf Ps sbd
cufl8 a9]/ a'l4hLjLxsf] e"ldsfsf]
dfu u/]sf] 5 . s] of] ;Dej 5 <
;Dej t xf]nf t/ klg To;sf
nIf0fx ufojh:t} 5g\ . w|'jLs/0f
/ kIfw/tfsf] gfddf clxn] klg
c?leqsf ;sf/fTds kIfxnfO{
xhf/ s'ts{ u/]/ cf]em]ndf kfg{]
b' : ;fx; hf/L 5 . cfk" m leqsf
hlt;'s} k|bl" ift kIfxnfO{ klg xhf/
s'ts{xsf cf8df 9fs5f]k ug{
lgn{Hh cEof; rln/x]sf] 5 . ufnL,
pkb]z / cfTds'07f g]kfnL jt{dfg
/fhgLltsf] clgjfo{ zt{ ag]sf 5g\,
dfgf}F ls oLljgf /fhgLltsf] ult Ps
sbd klg cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . o:tf]
cj:yfdf cfk"mleqsf /f]uxsf]

klxrfg s;n] ul/lbg] < ltgsf]
klxrfg dfq}n] klg s]xL x'g] b]lvPg,
pkrf/sf] 7]Ssf s;n] lnOlbg] <
cfTdklxrfg / b[li6sf] of] v8]/Ldf
s]xL g]tfxdf b]lvPsf] Jojxf/ b]Vbf
o:tf] nfU5 ls pgLxleqsf]
/fhgLlts r]tgf, lrGtg / sd{ ca
3l6of:t/sf] Jofkf/tGqdf kl/0ft
eO;s] s f] 5 . h:tf] ls Pp6f
cg}lts Jofkf/Ln] /ftf/ft sdfn
x' g sf] nflu laqmL ul/g]
vfBj:t'xdf df6f], 9'+uf, afn'jf,
c:j:ys/ h:tf;'s} cvfB j:t'x
klg ld;fpF5 . u0ftGq c? s;}sf]
nflu xf]Og, xfdLxsf] nflu dfq}
cfPsf] xf] . hgtfsf] gfd ;Ddfgk"js
{
pRrf/0f ul/lbP dfq x'G5, Tof]afx]s
pgLxsf] lgolt lxhf]s} /}tL aGg'
xf] . xfdLn] b'a} xftn] n'6\g kfO/fv]
ToxL s'/f nf]stGq xf], afFsL s'/f
efF8df hfcf];\ . xfdLn] u/]sf j}w,
cj}w ;a}vfn] ck/fwxsf] ef/L klg
of] b] z sf ;a} gful/sxn]
af]ls/fVg'k5{ lsgls dfg] klg gdfg]
klg xfdL pdLxs} g]tf xf}+ . o;f]
x]l/TofpFbf u0ftflGqs Joj:yfsf gofF
k'/fgf /fhgLlt v]nf8Lxsf] lgot
/ a8L Nof\j]haf6 log} s'/fx
k|s6 eO/x]sf 5g\ < cfk"mnfO{ cAan
bhf{sf a'l4hLjL 7fGg] ldqx;Fu
Pp6} cfu|x of] 5 ls of] cj:yfdf
xfdL /ldt] aGg'n] s] ;+s]t u5{ <
kl/0ffd unt 7fpF d f k' l u;Sbf
ef]lnsf] k':tfn] xfdL;Fu o;sf] hjfkm
vf]Hbf Toltv]/ xfdLn] lbg] pQ/ s]
xf] < x/]sn] x/]snfO{ d'2f ;fljt ug{]
WofpGgdf nfUbfnfUb} st} xfdL
clwsf+z lhpFbf elgPsfx klg d'bf{
t aGb} 5}gf}F < O6nLsf :yflkt
a'l4hLjL cG6f]lgof] u|fD;Ln] eg]em}F
oltv] / h} l js a' l 4hLjLx
(Organic If\ntlelectuals) sf]
e"ldsf s] x'gk' 5{ < ca ;d:of vf]Hg],
klxrfg ug{ / Ps sbd cufl8

a9]/ g]tfxnfO{ va/bf/Lsf ;fy
/f]usf] pkrf/ ug{] bfloTj klg
g]kfnsf a'l4hLjLxsf] sfFwdf
cfPsf] 5 .
/fhgLlts g]tfx ;dfhsf
dfu{bz{g aGg] / aGg ;Sg] bfloTj
clg ;Defjgfaf6 Ro't x'bF } uPkl5
Tof] bfloTj o; ;dfhsf] k|a'4
;d'bfodf hfg' :jfefljs 5 . t;y{
a'l4hLjLxsf] cfjZostf of] xf] ls
pgLx aflx/ dfq xf]Og leq klg
ljs[lts/0f jf e|li6s/0fsf] va/bf/L
u?g\ . oltv]/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pp6f
7"nf] tKsf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf] jl/kl/
;+ul7t klg ePsf] 5, of] dfcf]jfbL
zlStaf6 af}l4s ;d'bfo cfzfjfbL
x'g'sf] kl/0ffd klg xf] . t/ ca
dfcf]jfbLlgs6sf] af}l4s hdftsf]
lgl:qmo cfzfjfb p;s} lglDt klg
3fts x'g;S5, olb o;nfO{ ;lqmo
e"ldsfdf abNg ;lsPg eg] . g
dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfxsf] a]nfa]nfdf
x'g] s[lqd ljefhg / Pstfsf]
k|efjdf axlsP/ dfq af}l4s bfloTj
lgjf{x x'G5 g t lgl:qmo cfzfjfb /
lrGtfn] dfq s]xL xft nfUg;S5 .
b]z stf hfG5 < o;sf] lgwf{/0f ug{
kIfx w]/} xf]nfg\ t/ dfcf]jfbL /
o;sf] g]t[Tj s] ;f]Rb}5 < s;/L
cufl8 ab\b5
} < o; s'/fn] tTsfnsf]
lglDt w] / } cy{ /fVg] x' g fn]
dfcf]jfbLk|lt cf:yfjfg\ af}l4s
hdftsf] ;a}eGbf w]/} va/bf/L
dfcf]jfbLlt/} ;f]lemg h?/L 5 .
g]kfnL /fhgLltsf] ;du| :vng /
cGt/kf6L{ :vng /f]Sgsf] nflu
;fd"lxskdf x'g] af}l4s kxn /
cleofgeGbf csf]{ k|efjsf/L pkfo
xfdL;Fu 5}g . l;:6ddf k}bf ePsf]
u8a8LnfO{ ;xL l;i6d :yflkt u/]/
dfq ;Rofpg ;lsg] dfGotfljk/Lt
ljsNkxLg cfTdlgGbf, cy{ x Lg
cfqmf]z / cf sGofP/ 5f/f] p8fpg]
k|jl[ Qn] s]xL xft nfUg ;Sb}g h'g
Jojxf/tM k'li6 klg x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .
;a}eGbf w]/} ul/a dWo tyf ;'b/" klZrd ljsf; If]qdf PstkmL{ ?kdf xf]6n aGb
sf7df8f}F . @% k|ltzt hgtf cem} klg ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] s]Gb|Lo
tYof+s ljefusf] tYof+sdf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 . ;a}eGbf w]/} ul/a dWo
tyf ;'b/" klZrd ljsf; If]qdf 5g\ . s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefun] u/]sf] g]kfn
hLjg:t/ ;e]I{ f0fdf g]kfnsf @% k|ltzt dflg; ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf]
hgfOPsf] xf] . ;x/df !% k|ltzt / u|fdL0f If]qdf @& hgf hg;+Vof
ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg 5g\ . ;e]I{ f0fdf If]qut lx;fadf ;a}eGbf a9L ul/a
;'b/" klZrddf $%=^! k|ltzt / To;kl5 dWoklZrd If]qdf #!=^* k|ltzt
5g\ . klZrdf~rndf @@ k|ltzt, dWodf~rndf @! k|ltzt / k"jf{~rndf
@! k|ltzt ul/a /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . s'n hg;\ofdf ;'b/" klZrddf *=*
k|ltzt / dWoklZrddf !# k|ltzt hg;\of ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf]
tYof+sdf 5 . To:t}, ef}uf]lns If]qcg';f/ lxdfnL If]qdf ;a}eGbf a9L
ul/a 5g\, hxfF $@ k|ltzt ul/a 5g\ eg] kxf8L If]qdf @$ k|ltzt /
t/fO{ If]qdf @# k|ltzt ul/a 5g\ . o;}u/L, ul/aL;Fu} s[lifof]Uo hldg klg
qmdzM 36\b} uPsf] 5 . ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf @% k|ltzt hgtfdWo] @@
k|ltzt;Fu hUufhldg 5}g . b'O{ x]S6/;Dd ePsf !( k|ltzt / ;f]eGbf
dfly ePsf 5 k|ltztdfq} 5g\ . hUuf gePsfdWo] u|fdL0f If]qdf @*
k|ltzt / ;x/L If]qdf !& k|ltzt hgtf ePsf] ;e{I] f0fdf pNn]v 5 .
ul/adf klg ;a}eGbf a9L kxf8 / t/fO{sf blnt 5g\ eg] qmddf
kxf8sf a|fXd0f / g]jf/ hflt 5g\ . kxf8L blnt $$ k|ltzt / t/fO{sf
blnt #* k|ltzt ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg 5g\ . ;e]I{ f0fdf ljuteGbf clxn] !%
b]lv %( jif{ pd]/sf] hg;\of a9]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . dlxnf 3/d"nL ePsf
kl/jf/sf] ;\of klg bf]Aa/ ePsf] 5 . o:t}, lah'nLaQL / zf}rfnosf]
kx'Frdf j[l4 eP klg cfof]l8go'St g'gsf] k|of]udf eg] sdL cfPsf]
hgfOPsf] 5 . o:t}, dWoklZrd If]qsf] !% jif{dflysf] ;fIf/tf b/ %$
k|ltzt 5 eg] !^ k|ltzt ljBfyL{ lghL :s'n tyf sn]hdf hfg] u/]sf]
kfOPsf] 5 . o; If]qdf kfFrdf Pshgf bL3{/f]uL kfOPsf 5g\ eg] tLgdf
PshgfnfO{ cGo /f]u nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og cGo If]qsf]
t'ngfdf o; If]qdf lrlsT;s;Fu hrfpg hfg]x? klg ;a}eGbf sd !&
k|ltzt dfq} /x]sf] ;e]I{ f0fdf pNn]v 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg kl/jf/
lgof]hgsf] ;fwg k|of]u ug{df dWoklZrd If]q ;a}eGbf cufl8 5 . oxfF $!
k|ltztn] kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf] ;fwg k|of]u u5{ . o;}u/L, o; If]qdf @^
k|ltzt dflg; a;fOF ;/]/ cfPsf 5g\ . o; If]qsf afl;Gbf ;8s
;'ljwfk|lt a9L c;Gt'i6 b]lvPsf] ;e]I{ f0fdf pNn]v 5 . g]kfndf $!
k|ltzt afnaflnsf xf]rfk'8\sf ePsf] klg tYof+sdf hgfOPsf] 5 . o:t},
#! k|ltzt afnaflnsfsf] pd]/ cg';f/sf] tf}n gePsf] / !$ k|ltztsf]
prfO cg';f/sf] tf}n gePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . ;e]I{ f0fn] lah'nL, lkpg] kfgL,
;8s ;'ljwfdf g]kfnL a9L c;Gt'i6 ePsf] kfOPsf] b]vfPsf] 5 .
hLjg:t/ ;e{I] f0fn] b]zsf] ul/aLsf] l:ylt tyf ul/aLsf cg'dfg cTofjlws
u/]sf] / ul/aLsf] ;"rs dfkgaf/] k|:6 kf/]sf] s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefusf
lgb{z
] s 9'l08/fh nfld5fg]n] bfaL u/] .
sf7df8f}F . lagf ;"rgf PstkmL{

?kdf xf]6nn aGb u/]/ ;~rfns
;Dks{ l jlxg ePkl5 dhb' / x?
cfGbf]lnt ePsf 5g\ . b/jf/ dfu{
l:yt nj:6A; xf] 6 nsf k| a Gw
lgb]z
{ s ls/0fdfg hf]zL dhb"/x?;Fu
;Nnfx g} gu/L xf]6n aGb u/fP/
u'dgfd ePkl5 dhb'/x? cfGbf]lnt
ePsf x' g \ . dhb' / sf] dfunfO{
;Daf]wg ug'{sf] ;f6f] xf]6n g} aGb
u/fP/ lg:s]sf hf]zL ;Dks{ljlxg
ePkl5 dhb'/x?n] kfpg'kg]{ tna
;'ljwf ;d]t kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
ljut rf/ dlxgfb]lv tna ;'ljwf
gkfPsf] Ps sd{rf/Ln] hfgsf/L
lbPsf 5g\ . dhb' / x?n] xf] 6 n
;~rfng ug{df dhb'/x?sf] plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{ k6sk6s cfu|x ubf{
;d]t lgb]{zs hf]zLn] s'g} rf;f]
glbPsf] dhb"/x?sf] cf/f]k /x]sf]
5 . PSsf;L xf]6n aGb ePkl5
cfk"mx?n] kfpg'kg]{ tnj ;'ljwf ;d]t
gkfPsf] d f dhb" / x? cfqmf] l zt
ag]sf 5g\ .
dhb'/x?sf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf P+j
Joj:yfkgsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ clvn
g]kfn 6]8 o'lgog dxf;+3 t6:y
OsfO{ ;ldltn] r/0fa4 cfGbf]ngsf]
3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . xfdL dfu ;'g'jfO{
geP cem s8fvfnsf lj/f]wsf
sfo{qmd Nofp5f}+, OsfOsf cWoIf
uf]ljGb en] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .

sfdbf/x?bnfO{, plrt Ifltk'lt{ lbg
Joj:yfkg;Fu dhb'/x?n] dfu u/]sf
5g\ . pgLx?n] To;qmddf xf]6n
cufl8 sf] 0 f;ef nufot cGo
lj/f]wsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]klg
Joj:yfkgn] s'g} rf;f] glbPsf]df
dhb"/x?n] cfqmf]z kf]v]sf 5g\ .
dhb"/sf] dfu ;'gj' fO{ geP xfdL
k|aGw lgb]z
{ snfO{ ceb| Jojxf/ u/]/
;x/ 3'dfpg afWo x'g] OsfO{sf cWoIf
esf] r]tfjgL /x]sf] 5 . xf]6n,
;~rfngdf Nofpg g;s] Jofkfl/s
nfO;]G; vf/]hL ug{ / dhb'/nfO{
Ifltk" l t{ lbg ;d] t dhb' / x?n]
;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu cfu|x u/]sf 5g\ .
xf] 6 n
;~rfns
Pj+
Joj:yfkgnfO{ o;cl3 cfGtl/s
/fhZj ljefun] s/f]8f}F /fhZj 5n]sf]
eGb} sf/jfxL u/] s f] lyof] .
sfnf];"rLdf kl/;s]sf hf]zLnfO{
a}x?n] ;d]t vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .
hf]zLn] a};Fu lnPsf] C0f ltg{
g;s]kl5 pgL sfnf] ;"rLdf k/]sf
x'g\ . a}+ssf sd{rf/L C0f p7fpg
k6sk6s xf]6n cfpg] u/]sf] ToxfFsf
Ps sd{rf/Ln] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
t/, hf]zL ce}m ;Dks{df gcfPsf]
tL sd{rf/Ln] atfP . o; ljifodf
k|ltlqmof lng vf]Hbf lgb]{zs hf]zL
;Dks{df cfpg rfx]gg\ .
gu/sf]6df ko{6sLo dfu{ lgdf{0f
sf7df8f} F . ko{ 6 sLo:yn

gu/sf]6df ko{6sLodfu{ lgdf{0f ePsf]
5 . ko{6g dGqfnocGtu{t ko{6g
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; cfof]hgfsf] #@ nfvsf]
;xof]udf sl/a tLg lsnf]ld6/
ko{6sLodfu{ lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] .
;f] dfu{df 9'f la5ofOPsf],
vf]N;fdf k'n xflnPsf], psfnf]df l;F8L
agfOPsf] / k}bn lxF8b\ f ;dfpg] af/
tyf ;8ssf] gfnL ;d]t tof/

kfl/Psf] gu/sf]6 gfNb'd ko{6g
ljsf; ;ldltsf ;lrj bLks
nfld5fg] n ] atfP . gu/sf] 6 sf]
dxfsfnL dfljaf6 sflQs]
kmfd{xfp;;Dd lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;f]
dfu{df ko{6s lxF8\g yfn]sf 5g\ .
;f] dfu{ ag]kl5 cfk"mx?nfO{ lxF8\g
;lhnf] ePsf] ko{6sn] atfPsf 5g\ .
uDeL/ aGb} uPsf] cfGtl/s ljb|fx]

bLk]z b+ufnL
ljZjaf6 sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng cf}lrTo l;WofPsf]
pQ/ dfS;{jfbLsf] Ps5q 3f]if0ff ePsf] bzsf}+ kl5
)%@ kmfu'g ! b]lv hgo'4sf] ;+v3f]if ePsf] !& cf}+
jif{ k"/f u/]sf] 5 . To;/L sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf] cGTo
ug]{ Tof] 3f]if0ff s] afWos/0f dfq xf] < s] To;df
cfGtl/s sf/0f s]xL klg 5}g t . dfS;{jfbsf] k|of]u
;Fu} ljZj sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] clei6tf
;fDojfb;Dd k'Ug g;Sb} ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf nfu' ubf{ gub}{ t'lxPsf] Oltxf;
cfh cWoogsf ljifo ePsf 5g\ . ljZjdf !( cf}+ ztfAbLsf pn{bf] nx/df
pln{/x]sf qmflGtsf] Hjfnf lsg clei6tf k'Ug ;s]gg < qmflGt /Iffdf /x]sf
avt lgs} wf/Lnf] b]lvg] 5 / ;Gt'ngdf hfFbf wd{/fx6 k|Tofqmd0f k'Ubf ;]6Jos
vfPsf Oltxf; ljZjsf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ jofgsf ljifo ePsf 5g\ .
g ls lbzf lgb]z
{ aGg ;s]sf 5g\ . x'g t leotgfdsf] qmflGtnfO{ Wj:t kfg{
k|of]u ul/Psf] ;fd|fHojfbL of]hgf c;kmn ePkl5 ;fd|fHojfbL ;'4 ljz]if1x?n]
ljZjsf sDo'lgi6 qmflGtsf/L cfGbf]ng Wj:t ug{ gofF gofF ljlwx? to ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . w]/} ljlw dWo] w]/} b]zx?df ;kmn k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] s] ljlw
cfGtl/s ljb|fx] klg Ps xf] . To; ljifodf 5f]6f] rrf{ ug]{ hdsf]{ ul//x]sf] 5' .
x'g t sof}+ b]zsf qmflGtn] o; ljlwnfO{ tf]8/] cufl8 a9]sf klg 5g\ . o;
ljlw ;kmn u/]sf] o'uf08fsf] sf]Gr ljb|fx] dflgG5 . cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf Tof] ljlw
km/s 9+un] nfu' u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;df d'Vo u/L ljb|fx] L zlQmsf] s]Gb|Ls[t
g]tT[ jnfO{ k|nf]egdf kfg]{ / ;Qfdf k'ofpg] cGo ansf] zlQmnfO{ ljt[i0ffnfO{
r'Nofpg] / ljsNk aGb ul/lbg] csf]{ ;Qfsf] k'ofPsf] g]tT[ jnfO{ ljt[i0ffnfO{
g]tT[ j lj?4sf] vgfO cfTd3ftL sbd rfNg nufpg] ljb|fx] L zlQmk"0f{ ?kdf Wj:t
ul/G5 . ;Qfsf] g]tT[ jdf k'Ubf;Dd Tof] zlQm /fhsLo ju{ cyjf clehftLo
ju{df ?kfGt/0f eO;s]sf] x'G5 . o;/L afWo zlQmn] ljb|fx] nfO{ l5GgleGg kfl/lbg]
u/]sf kfOG5g\ . csf]{ ljlw eGg]sf] cfsf+Iff a9fP/ ug]{ g]tT[ j s]lGb|st[ ul/lbg] /
cGtt ljsNkljlxg g]tT[ j l;WofOlbg u/]sf] kfOG5 . h;/L k]?df uf]Ghfnf]sf]
lu/tf/Lkl5 ToxfFsf] qmflGt ;]6Jofs vfPsf] kfOG5 . t];f| ] ljlw eg]sf] g]tT[ jsf]
ltj| dxTjsf+IfLsf] sf/0f klg cfk"mnfO{ ljsNkljlxg ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ / cfgf]
cfnf]rgf ug]n
{ fO{ l;4fGtsf s'ts{x?sf] rf nufOlbg] cg]s n]kg nufpg
cGttM v'n:t s'/f /fVg] lgw{Sstfsf] k"0f{ cGto ug]{ /fhg}lts bf;sf] ?kdf
c3f]lift kl/rfng ug]{ ljlw cfh emg csf]{ prfOdf :yflkt lyof] . o; ljlw
g]kfnsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng tf]8g\ sf]l;; ePsf] 5 t/ ;kmn ePsf] dfGg
;lsFbg} . cfh g]kfnL qmflGtsf] w/ftnaf6 x]bf{ oL dfly pNn]lvt ljlwx? km/s
9n] nfu' eO/x]sf 5g\ . jf:tjdf oL cfwf/e"t ljifodf g]tT[ jsf] Wofg ghfg] xf]
eg] g]kfnL qmflGt cfGtl/s ljb|fx] n] Wj:t x'g] lglZrt 5 . o; ljifodf 5nkmn
ubf{ dfly pNn]lvt ljifox? s;/L nfu' eP t jf s;/L ;"rf? cufl8 al9/x]sf
5g\ t .
ha g]kfnL /fhg}lts ;Qfdf @$) jifL{o ;fdGtL /fhtGqn] dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf] wSsf k'us
] f] cg'el" t g]kfnL e"lddf cw{ cf}kj]lzs ;Qfsf gfosn]
dx;'; u/] . To;sf] ;xlhs/0fsf] cj/f]w /fhf lj/]Gb|nfO{ b]v/] )%* h]7 !(
df Ps Knfg lbO j+zh k|0ffnLaf6 rn]sf] /fhtGqsf] cGTo ul/of] . otf
u|fld0f If]qaf6 s]lGb|t hgo'4nfO{ zx/ k|jz
] ug{ /f]Sg 7"nf] zlQm k|of]u
ul/of] . of] s'/f lgDg k'lhjfb / ;fdlGt k|0ffnL kLl8t u|fdL0f zlQmn] o'4
nfdf] ;do y]Ug ;Sb}g / hgtff/f ljb|fx] sf] Hjfnf p7fP/ Wj:t ug{ ;lsG5
eGg]af6 klg k|l] /t lyof] . Tof] b}nv
] 8'Nn', slknj:t'sf] ;fDk|bflos sf08;Dd
cfOk'Ubf k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . To;kl5 sfo{gLlt km]g{ dfcf]jfbLnfO{ jfWo e}m
kfl/of] / dfcf]jfbLn] cfgf k|wfgcGt/lj/f]w abnfksf] lglZrt ub}{ cfgf]
sfo{gLlt klg k]mof] . t/, k|wfg b'Zd0fdf k|xf/ s]lGb|t uof] t/ bnfn
gf]s/zfxL k'h
F Ljfbk|ltsf] k|xf/ lgisif{ k'Ug ;s]g . o;/L x]bf{ ef/tLo
lj:tf/jfbf/f ;+/lIft ePsf] sf/0f klg of] k|xf/ d'Vo 6g]n o'4sf] / /fli6otf
;+/If0fsf] pb\3f]if;Fu} ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb gofF ljlwsf] to uof] . oxfF;Dd ls
b'O{ ljk/Lt G;Fu} cfPsf b'O{ zlQm ef/tn] d~r lbP/ jftf{sf] c3f]lift
dWo;+:yf uof] / !@ a'bF ] ;Demf}tf ug]{ jftfj/0f agfof] . o;/L dfcf]jfbL
hgo'4sf] ;DeNofl08 -cjt/0f_ ;'? eof] . csf]{ zAbdf eGbf of] ljb|fx] L
zlQmsf] zflGtk"0f{ ;+qmd0fsf] lznfGof; ul/of] . lg/Gt/ qmflGtdf -sl/a !!
jif{_ rf}lj;} 3G6f ;';lHht ljrf/ of]hgff/f n]; eP/ cfk"mnfO{ ;d]t ;dk{0f
ul//x]sf] of]4fx? nfd cfh sl/a % jif{;Dd of]hgf ljrf/ljlxg eO/xFbf
lbUe|ldt ljrlnt dfq xf]Og cfk"mn] b]vs
] f ;kgfsf ;f/3f]/ uf]/6] f Wj:t
eO/x]sf] b]vs
] f] 5 . cfgf] rf/}lt/ ju{ b'Zd0fk|lt x]l//x]sf cfgf cfqmf]z
cfh cfgf] g]tT[ jk|lt ;f]ofP s]lGb|t ul//x]sf 5g\ . cfh hgd'lQm ;}Go
SofDkx? dfq xf]Og . b]zelQm lkmlhPsf ;f/f SofDkx? cfTd3flt adsf]
?kdf jf?4 vflb/x]sf 5g\ . 3fOt] ckf ;lxb j]kQf kl/jf/hg cfd sfo{stf{
k+lQmx?df tL ;kgfsf jf6fx? st} b]vs
] f 5g\ . g t k'/fg} 7fpF k'/fg} l:ylt
k'g:yflkt hLjg lhpg ;S5g\ . g t gofF uf]/6] f]sf] eljio b]lv/x]sf 5g\ .
eg] g]tT[ j k+lQmdf s]lGb|t g]tT[ j h'g ljsNkljlxg sfnf] wAafn] ljZj sof}F
b]zsf qmflGtx? ;]6Jofs vfPsf lyPnfO{ tf]8g\ va/bf/L t u/]sf] kfOG5 .
t/ h;/L dfcf]n] k'h
F LjfbL x]8Sjf6/ jdjf8sf] ;+v3f]if ;Fu} ;'? u/]sf] gLlt
:j?k nfUy] cleofg :j?ksf] ;fy{stf k'li6 u/L lrlgof qmflGt ;f+:s[lts
qmflGtnfO{ ;dfhjfb -lhljt /xFbf;Dd_ dfq k'ofPsf lyof] . To:t} g]kfnLdf
To;f] ug]{ vfnsf] of]hgf b]lvG5 . g t ?;df e}m ;+ljwfg;ef h'g ljkl/t
cg]s bz{gaf6 k|l] /t k|ltlglwaf6 hg ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f x'g;Sg ;Defjgf g}
lyof] nfO{ cf}lrTo k'li6 ub}{ sAhf ul/Psf] lyof] . cfgf zlQm ;'b9[ u/L
;dfhjfbL ?;sf] :yfkgf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL To; ljlw cg'z/0sf] tYox?
g} e]l6G5g\ . t;y{ klg s] lgZsif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 eg] g]kfnL qmflGt cfh o;
r/0f;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljsNksf] g]tT[ jsf] va/bf/L t ul/of] . alnof] ?kdf tYolxg
aGb} uO/x]sf] ljsNkljlxg sfo{gLltaf/] ;f]Rg cfjZos eO/x]sf] 5 .
ls/ftL ;f}Gbo{ ;+/If0f cleofg

sf7df8f}F . cfufdL )^( j}zfv #)
ut] /fli6o gfr3/ hdndf ls/ft /fO{
hfltsf] cfgf] df}lns ;+:s[lt k/Dk/f
/ /Lltl/jfhnfO{ hu]g{ f ug]{ p2]Zosf
;fy aflx/L ;f}Gbo{ eGbf leqL ;f}Gbo{sf]
vf]hL k|ltefsf] k|ik'm6g vf]Hg] efjL
;GttL;Dd cfgf] snf, ;+:s[lt arfO
/fVg] / ;a} hflt ;+:s[lt;Fu P]Soj4tf
;b\efj / ;lxi0f'tf /fvL cl3 a9\g]
sfo{qmdsf cfof]hs ls/ft /fO{
df}lnssnf ;+:s[lt s]Gb|sf k|dv

' ;'jf;
rfdln /fO{n] atfP . pQm sfo{qmddf
% lkm6 prfO{ ePsf tyf !^ jif{bl] v
@% jif{;Ddsf sIff !) kf; u/]sf
cljjflxt dlxnfx?n] efu lng kfpg]
atfOPsf] 5 . pQm sfo{qmddf efu lng
;'jf; rfdln /fO{ df]jfOn g+=
(*%!)!!!() df ;Dk{s /fVg
cfof]hsn] cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .
nIdL /fO{ r]nL
k|sfzs tyf ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M afuahf/, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : [email protected],website: www.chhepyastraweekly.wordpress.com sDKo'6/ tyf d'bs
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