Yeniseian linguistics

Bir dilin yapı bilgisi (morfoloji) ile anlam bilgisi (semantik) birbirinden temellenen ve birbirini doğuran bir kesişim noktasında yer almaktadır. Söz türetim eklerinin sınıflandırılması yalnızca adlara gelerek yeni adlar, adlara gelerek yeni fiiller, fiillere gelerek yeni adlar ve fiillere gelerek yeni fiiller üretenler başlıklarından ibaret değildir. Dildeki eklerin işlevsel olarak dile anlamsal katkıları da vardır. Türk dilinde onlarcası içinden herhangi bir örnek olarak {-mA-} biçimindeki ek, fiilden fiil üretmekten öte eklendiği fiile olumsuzluk fonksiyonu yüklemektedir. Eklerin bu niteliğini anlamak, Türk dilinin yapısal unsurları ve anlamsal görünümü arasındaki ilgileri kavramakta önemli bir adımdır. Bu amaca hizmet edecek araştırmaların yol göstericiliğiyle Eski Türkçe dönemine ait olup anlamlandırılması ve algılanması konusunda tartışmalar bulunan kimi tanıklamalara farklı bakış açılarıyla yaklaşma olanağı doğacaktır. Türk dilinin işlek eklerinden biri olan {-(X)n-} ekinin yapılan araştırmalarda dönüşlülük ve edilgenlik fonksiyonu üstlendiği değerlendirilmektedir. Bir kullanımda bu iki fonksiyondan hangisinin geçerli olduğu ancak bağlama (kontekst) bakılarak anlaşılabilmektedir. Yenisey yazıtlarından Uybat III böylesi bir ikiliği örnekleyen kullanıma sahiptir. Satırın genel anlamını etkilemenin yanı sıra dönüşlülük ve edilgenlik fonksiyonu arasında verilecek karar, Türk dilinin anlatım derinliğinin ortaya konulması açısından da kimi veriler sunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, Uybat III'te geçen bilinmedim ifadesi, sunulan bu bakış açılarına göre çok yönlü olarak ele alınacaktır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Yenisey Yazıtları, Uybat III, bilinmedim, Anlam Bilimi, {-(X)n-} Eki.
Abstract
Morphology and semantics of a language are located at an intersection that is based on each other and gives birth to each other. The classification of word derivational suffixes is not only the titles of new nouns coming to nouns, new verbs coming to nouns, new nouns coming to verbs and new verbs coming to verbs. Suffixes in the language also have semantic contributions to the language functionally. As an example among dozens in Turkish language, the suffix in the form {-mA-} imposes a negative function on the verb to which it is added, beyond that producing a verb from a verb. Understanding this quality of affixes is an important step in understanding the relations between the structural elements and semantic aspects of the Turkish language. With the guidance of the researches that will serve this purpose, it will be possible to approach some witnessed from the Old Turkic period with different perspectives. It is considered that the suffix {-(X)n-}, which is one of the much used suffixes of the Turkish language, assumes the function of reflexivity and passivity in the researches. Which of these two functions is valid in a use can only be understood by looking at the context. Uybat III, one of the Yenisei inscriptions, has a usage that exemplifies such a duality. In addition to affecting the general meaning of the line, the decision to be made between reflexivity and passivity also provides some data in terms of revealing the depth of expression of the Turkish language. In this study, the expression bilinmedim in Uybat III will be handled in a multi-faceted manner according to these perspectives.
Keywords: Yenisey Inscriptions, Uybat III, bilinmedim, Semantics, {-(X)n-} Suffix.

Loanword analysis is a unique contribution of historical linguistics to our understanding of prehistoric cultural interfaces. As language reflects the lives of its speakers, the substantiation of loanwords draws on the composite evidence from linguistic as well as auxiliary data from archaeology and genetics through triangulation. The Bronze Age of Central Asia is in principle linguistically mute, but a host of recent independent observations that tie languages, cultures and genetics together in various ways invites a comprehensive reassessment of six highly diagnostic loanwords (‘seven’, ‘name/fame’, ‘sister-in-law’, ‘honey’, ‘metal’ and ‘horse’) that are associated with the Bronze Age. Moreover, they are shared between Indo-European, Uralic, Turkic and sometimes Old Chinese. The successful identification of the interfaces for these loanwords can help settle longstanding debates on languages, migrations and the items themselves. Each item is analysed using the comparative method wi...

Measurements and frequencies of diagnostic nonmetric traits in 37 cranial samples from Asia and America were integrated using a new multivariate approach. Overall, Kets are the closest to Khants, Mansi, Selkups, and Turkic-speaking groups whose ancestors spoke Ket and Uralic languages. All these populations display apparently archaic cranial features that are also present in southern Mongoloids and American Indians. None of them, however, evidences the specifically "Amerindian" tendency shown by the Bronze Age Okunev people. Our results contradict the idea of hybridization as the principal factor in the origin of Kets, Ob Ugrians, and Selkups. The most likely factor is evolutionary conservatism. ВВЕДЕНИЕ Предлагаемая статья имеет целью исследовать родственные связи кетов на основании двух независимых систем признаков-краниоскопии и краниометрии. Это стало возможным благодаря Илье Иосифовичу Гохману, добывшему с огромным трудом в тяжелых таежных условиях серию черепов елогуйских кетов и внесшему наиболее серьезный вклад в изучение антропологии этого народа [Гохман, 1963, 1982а, б]. И.И. Гохман [1982а, б] радикально расширил сравнительный антропологический фон, на котором изучались кеты, и выдвинул интригующую идею о родстве их с южными монголоидами, тем самым указав направление дальнейших поисков. До него о возможном родстве кетов с тибетцами писал Г.Ф. Дебец [1956]. После публикации в 1982 г. "Кетского сборника" с работами И.И. Гохмана и его коллег эти предположения превратились в обоснованную гипотезу. На нынешнем этапе исследований уже невозможно сделать шаг назад и ограничиться сопоставлением кетов с западно-и южносибирскими народами. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДИКА Использованы данные о 37 краниологических сериях разного времени с

We learn the words belonging to the language of Xiongnus (Asian Huns), who played an important role in the history of the world, through the works written by the Chinese who developed political, military and economic relations with this community. Some of the words recorded by the Chinese about their language contain the horse-related terms and certain animal names. The horse was the best option of mobility for nomadic communities such as the Huns and the Scythians. Much importance was given to horse in nomadic cultures. So, the fact that the horse-related terms are mentioned in the Chinese historical sources is not accidental. The earlier horse-related terms used by the Turks are present in the language of the Xiongnus but we find the oldest traces of the same terms used in Turkic in the language of the Scythians.

This study discusses the explanations of the words mentioned in the written sources related to the horse-related terms and animal names belonging to the language of the Xiongnus and will touch upon the connection between Turkic and Scythian.

Key words: Hunnic, Turkic, Scythian, Ket Language, Mongolian, Horse, Animal Names

Bu çalışma, Stephanos Byzantinos’un Ethnika adlı eseri başta olmak üzere, Bizans kaynaklarında geçen ve ‘Karca’ olarak nitelendirilen bazı sözcükler üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu sözcükler, Karca yazıtlarda tanıklanmadığı için, ilgili literatürde ‘sözde Karca’ (pseudo-glosses) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, altı ‘sözde Karca’ kelime ele alınmış ve bunlar için (Pre-)Proto-Türkçeye kadar dayanan etimolojiler önerilmiştir. Bizanslı yazarların eserlerinde Karca olarak ortaya çıkan bu sözcüklerin Urartularla temas hâlindeki Kimmerler veya Hurrilerle yakın ilişki içinde olan Turukkular aracılığıyla Anadolu’ya girmiş olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu sebeple, Hurri-Urartuca ve Türkçenin söz varlıkları arasındaki toplam otuz yedi benzer kelime listelenmiş, bunların Urartucadan Türkçeye alıntılar olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırmalara dayanarak, Pre-Proto-Türkçenin ses özelliklerine değinilmiştir. Kimmer nüfusunun kısmen Türkçe konuşanlardan oluştuğu ve dillerinin bir yandan ‘sözde Karca’ sözcüklerin kaynağı, diğer yandan Urartuca sözcüklerin alıcısı olduğu varsayımı en makul öneri olarak görülmektedir. /// The present study deals with a number of glosses which appear in the Byzantinian sources, most of them in Ethnica of Stephanos Byzantinos, and are labeled as Carian. As these glosses are not actually attested in Carian inscriptions, they are called pseudo-glosses in the relevant literature. Six of these pseudo-Carian glosses are examined and for all of them, Turkic etymologies are proposed which reach into the depth of (Pre-)Proto-Turkic. It is asserted that the glosses which surface as Carian in the works of the Byzantinian historians may have entered into Anatolia by the Cimmerians or by the Turukku which were in close contact with the Urartians and Hurrians, respectively. Therefore, thirty-seven similar lexical items in the Hurro-Urartian and Turkic vocabularies are listed. It has been concluded that these may be Urartian loanwords in Turkic. Based on these correspondences, the phonological features of Pre-Proto-Turkic are discussed. The supposition that the Cimmerian population was partly Turkic-speaking and their language was the donor of the pseudo-Carian glosses and the recipient of the Urartian loanwords proves to be the most plausible one.

There appears to be plenty of evidence for Tocharian-Samoyedic language contact, and no traces of Tocharian-Yeniseic contact. Ergo: Proto-Yeniseians crossed the Western Sayan Mts. into the Minusinsk Hollow AFTER the Afanasievans (Proto-Tocharians) had left for the Tarim basin.

Issledowana slovnaq prostranstwenno-wremenaq dinamika rasprostraneniq solitonopodobnyh swetowyh impulxsow w dwulu~eprelomlq`}em wolokne. Pokazano,~to dinamika opisywaetsq nizkorazmernym kwazisolitonnym attraktorom. Korrelqcionnaq razmernostx takogo attraktora okazywaetsq menx{ej treh.

Issledowana slovnaq prostranstwenno-wremenaq dinamika rasprostraneniq solitonopodobnyh swetowyh impulxsow w dwulu~eprelomlq`}em wolokne. Pokazano,~to dinamika opisywaetsq nizkorazmernym kwazisolitonnym attraktorom. Korrelqcionnaq razmernostx takogo attraktora okazywaetsq menx{ej treh.

In this paper we discuss the etymology of Written Manchu ihan 'bovine, bull, ox' and its possible connection to the corresponding term in Ket (via the Tungusic and Yeniseian parent languages).

Thesaurus gentium & linguarum. A Festschrift to Honour Professor Alfred F. Majewicz. Eds. Maria Kurpaska, Tomasz Wicherkiewicz, Maciej Kanert. Poznań: Jeżeli P To Q, 2016.

In 1931, the Soviet architect Ivan Il’ich Leonidov was sent 2,800km northeast of Moscow to help to design the Soviet Union’s new arctic port, Igarka: a pioneering something, inscribed into the vast nothing of Northern Siberia; that, anyway, is how the act was represented.  The Igarka region was, however, traditional territory of the indigenous, isolate Ket language, which is entirely unrelated to the Indo-European family that dominates architectural discourse.  Ket is spoken today – to any degree of fluency – by fewer than 70 people.  When it is used to represent an interpretation of architecture, the structures by which it organises experience, the distinctions it inscribes into the landscape, the specific relationships it establishes between facets of reality – the selections, in other words, that it makes in encoding information – are as with all languages, unique.  Yet until 2013, academic discussion of Leonidov’s fantastical, utopian architecture had never taken place in the medium of the Ket language.  This is an omission.  What alternative insight might be overlooked?
Leonidov’s City of the Sun itself evades certain definition, provoking multiple and irreconcilable interpretations: the obscure drawings of which it is comprised do not show a fixed vision for which to aim, but intricate us in the perpetuated contestation of what the future could, or should, be.  The City is an invitation to cant.  If it be utopia, it is utopia not as destination, but as fractious, negotiated journey.  This same irresolvability emerges in the act of translation, which as a research practice is my attempt to enact Leonidov’s proposed leap into a void of constant, productive uncertainty – to destabilise any ossified perspective or assumptions when approaching his work.  Or to perpetually attempt to.  This paper exposes some of the shards that have resulted from a collision provoked between Ivan Leonidov’s City of the Sun, and the grammar of Ket.

I tried to reconstruct a version of Proto-Yeniseian, using (very limited) lexical items listed in the wikipedia article of Yeniseian languages( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeniseian_languages ), and I list what I have reconstructed in the .ods file

This is only a very simple work.

(Перевод статьи "Der russische Aspekt und die lexikalische Bedeutung des Verbs", в жунале "Zeitschrift für slavische Philologie" XLVIII. 1. 1988: 170-181)
О так наз. Способах Глаг. Действия и их отношении к видовым корреляциям (партнерствам)

Scientific internationalism-ideology, patrons aod networks: the 7th lntemational genetics congress. The history of the 7th international genetics congress is considered in detai\ and in social and poJitical context. Осенью 1936 года около тысячи генетиков из почти сорока C"IJ)aн готовились при нять участие в 7-м Международном генетическом конгрессе, который должен был состояться в Москве в первую неделю августа следующего года. Они писали докла ды, заказывали билеты и готовили экспонаты к выставке, которая должна была со провождать заседания. Их усилия координировались советским оргкомитетом, ре rулярно информировавшим участников об изменениях в научной и экскурсионной программе, имевшихся гостиницах и средствах транспорта. Все шло по плану. Неожиданно, 14декабря «Нью-Йорк Тайме» опубликовала телеграфное сообще ние из Москвы, объявив, со ссылкой на «неофициальные источники~, что по «решению советского правительства» конгресс отменен. Газета также сообщала, что несколько советских генетиков, в том числе президент предстоявшего конгресса Н. И. Вави лов, арестованы. Неожиданная новость побудила западных генетиков к немедлен ным действиям. Они посылали письма и телеграммы в советские посольства, про сили западных дипломатов о помощи и публиковали гневные резолюции в науч ных журналах. Эта активная кампания, очевидно, возымела действие. Спустя неделю, 22 декабря, «Нью-Йорк Тайме» перепечатала из «Известий» редакuиою-rую статью, в которой угверждалось, что конгресс не отменен, а просто отложен, и что Вавилов не арестован. В течение следующих трех месяцев советские генетики до бились разрешения правительства на проведение конгресса годом позже, в августе '

Die drei voluminösen Bände des vergleichenden Wörterbuchs der jenisseischen Sprachen, die Heinrich Werner vorlegt, stellen -soviel vorweg -zweifellos eine der wichtigsten Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der sibirischen Sprachwissenschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts dar (erschienen 2002, gehören doch ihre Zusammenstellung und die unermüdliche Forschungs-und Sammeltätigkeit des Verfassers, die dieses monumentale Werk möglich gemacht hat, noch ganz ins letzte Jahrhundert). Heinrich Werner, Schüler und wissenschaftlicher Erbe von Andreas Dul'zon, dem Pionier der jenisseischen und zentralsibirischen Linguistik, Archäologie, Toponomastik und Ethnographie in Tomsk, legt seit seiner Übersiedlung in die Bundesrepublik eine beeindruckende Reihe von Monographien zur Jenisseiologie vor, die, beinahe im Jahresrhythmus erscheinend, alle Aspekte dieser nach wie vor enigmatischen Sprachfamilie erschöpfend und umfassend behandelt. Das Vergleichende Wörterbuch (VW) ist sicherlich der vorläufige Höhepunkt dieser Reihe. Die Leistung des Verfassers kann nur ermessen, wer sich der immensen Schwierigkeiten bewusst ist, die ein solches Vorhaben bietet; vergleicht man es mit einem in Anlage und Zielsetzung vergleichbaren Werk, dem Sravnitel'nyj slovar' tunguso-man'čžurskich jazykov I-II, Leningrad 1975-77, das unter der Leitung der großen Tungusologin Vera I. Cincius von insgesamt acht Mitarbeitern erstellt wurde, erscheint die Tatsache, dass Werner seine Arbeit allein vervollständigen konnte, nahezu unglaublich. Es handelt sich um nichts weniger, als die Dokumentation des gesamten lexikalischen Materials, das der Forschung aus jenisseischen Sprachen überhaupt erreichbar ist. Die jenisseischen Sprachen sind eine kleine indigene Sprachfamilie Sibiriens, deren historisches Verbreitungsgebiet der Jenissej und einige seiner linken und rechten Nebenflüsse sind bzw.