Vignettes

Even though there exist only a few general studies on the subject of Czechoslovak American women, this is not, at all, a reflection of the paucity of work done by these women, as this publication demonstrates. This monograph is a compendium of notable American women with Czechoslovak roots, who distinguished themselves in a particular field or area, from the time they first immigrated to America to date. Included are, not only individuals born on the territory of former Czechoslovakia, but also their descendants. This project has been approached strictly geographically, irrespective of the language or ethnicity. Because of the lack of bibliographical information, most of the monograph comprises biobibliographical information, in which area a plethora of information exists. As the reader will discover, these women have been involved, practically, in every field of human endeavor, in numbers that surprise. On the whole, they have been noted for their independent spirit and nonconforming role.

Este trabalho visou analisar a presença de elementos bi e tridimensionais de algumas vinhetas de identidade televisiva de quatro dos principais canais da televisão aberta brasileira. Essa análise teve como intuito compreender se a tendência do estilo flat design, que está enraizada no mobile, está influenciando essas vinhetas de identidade televisiva. Assim, pretendeu-se formar um panorama parcial sobre o atual posicionamento a respeito da estética da televisão aberta brasileira. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre motion graphics, estudando as dimensões estruturais definidas por João Velho (2008), onde foi feita uma relação entre uma das três dimensões estruturais, a dimensão plástica, com os fundamentos do design de Ellen Lupton e Jennifer Cole Phillips (2008), que posteriormente fundamentou a análise das vinhetas. Em seguida, revisou-se sobre vinhetas e seus tipos presentes na televisão, onde esclareceu-se a respeito das vinhetas de identidade televisiva, foco desse trabalho, assim como foi elucidado as diferenças e semelhanças entre identidade televisiva e identidade visual. Também buscou-se discussões a respeito do estilo flat design afim de entender do que se trata essa tendência. Por fim, a partir desse material coletado, foram estudadas vinhetas de assinatura recentes, sendo uma de cada um dos canais: Rede Globo, SBT, Rede Record e Band.

Objectives: The consequences of climate change directly threaten human health. Some have argued that, as such, doctors have a special duty to solve climate change. Despite such recommendations, to our knowledge, there has been no previous work documenting physician attitudes on climate change, or the stability of those opinions.

This article examines how a vignette presented to participants during qualitative research interviews was successful in gathering information on the perceptions of 32 police officers and 14 civilians regarding "honor"-based crimes and forced marriages within the context of domestic violence. To my knowledge, this is one of the first methodological papers that presents the process of using a vignette with police on such a sensitive topic. This article offers a reflexive account of some of the methodological considerations I made when constructing the vignette that likely impacted its success. I describe the vignette, discuss how participants reacted to it, and present the themes that emerged to show how it was understood. I then emphasize how first responders engaged in the interview process with the vignette material and how this allowed for a rich, in-depth discussion on an understudied topic. Finally, I discuss the strengths and limitations of this method and make recommendations for future research.

Beginning English Language Teaching (ELT) brings many issues teachers experience that questions one’s teaching confidence and abilities. Seeking feedback from teaching peers can be invaluable, but self and student feedback can quell fears and doubts. Sharing such experiences with others involves risk, but can assist others on their journey
to becoming confident ELT teachers. To reflect on my experiences as a beginning ELT
teacher, an autoethnographic account is presented. It displays my fears, the need for
constant feedback and the eventual acceptance that I did not need constant reassurance
to evaluate my teaching performance. This account also demonstrates the usefulness and
contributions that an autoethnographic account of me as a beginning teacher may bring.
First, it discusses the fi eld of beginning teaching and challenges doing ELT may bring.
This is followed by an explanation of writing an autoethnography, ethical considerations
and background details on this account. The autoethnographic account is written using
constructed vignettes to demonstrate moments of crisis and resolution. This account
closes with a discussion and some conclusions about the value of using autoethnography
in the ELT fi eld.

While a great deal of research has examined students’ attitudes towards illicit drug use in America, little academic literature has focused on students attitudes towards illicit drug use. Therefore this dissertation was a small exploratory study into student attitudes towards illicit drug use. Thus, the primary question which was addressed in the research was ‘what are student attitudes towards illicit drug use?’ This question was examined in relation to Parker et al’s. (2002) five dimensions of normalisation, to explore whether students at Glasgow University held normative attitudes towards illicit drug use. A sub question of this research project was what illicit drugs (if any) have been normalised according to Parker et al’s. (2002) theory. The research involved utilising the method of vignettes in a semi-structured interview setting, to gain information on students’ attitudes towards illicit drug use. Hence, 11 students within the College of Social Sciences at Glasgow University were interviewed. The findings from this research supported Parker et al’s. (2002) theory as students seemed to hold normative attitudes to some drugs. The drugs which students seemed to hold normative attitudes towards were: cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy and study aids. However, the research did find a number of differences from Parker et al’s. (2002) theory, and thus builds on Parker et al’s. (2002) original theory by arguing there are only four dimensions of normalisation and both young people and adults hold normative attitudes not just young people as Parker et al. (2002) suggested. Therefore this dissertation concludes that it seems that students within the College of Social Sciences at Glasgow University hold normative attitudes towards some illicit drugs.

Is there more to qualitative data collection than face-to-face interviews? Answering with a resounding 'yes', this book introduces the reader to a wide array of exciting and novel techniques for collecting qualitative data in the social and health sciences. Collecting Qualitative Data offers a practical and accessible guide to textual, media and virtual methods currently under-utilised within qualitative research. Contributors from a range of disciplines share their experiences of implementing a particular technique, provide step-by-step guidance to using that approach, and highlight both the potential and pitfalls. From gathering blog data to the story completion method to conducting focus groups online, the methods and data types featured in this book are ideally suited to student projects and other time- and resource-limited research. In presenting several innovative ways that data can be collected, new modes of scholarship and new research orientations are opened up to student researchers and established scholars alike.

Sundials in Roman and Byzantine Mosaics (1st – 9th Century AD). A scientific monograph. The sundials on ancient mosaics have not been the subject of scientific studies so far. The author has gathered together  in this  publication  the sundials  already known (Torre Anunzaiata, Sarsina, Trier, Saint-Romain-en-Gal, Antioch and Brading; Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9) and those which have  not  previously  been  identified.  Thanks  to  the author’s  new  identifcations,  the  catalogue  has  been enlarged  by  six  new  sundials (Grand,Tarsus, Antiochia – interpreted by H. Pamir; Figs.  3, 6,  8, and 10. Tayibat al-Imam, Jerusalem and Umm al-Rasas (Sebastis); Figs. 10, 11, 12) and three monumental gnomes-columns with multiple functions that were used as monumental sundials [Madaba (Jerusalem), Umm al-Rasas (Kastron Mefaa) and Rome (Jerusalem); Figs. 13–15]. In addition, recognizing fully John H. Humphrey’s  interpretations,  the  author  enriches  the catalogue  by  eight  ancient  mosaic  representations  of obelisks in  circuses (Lyon, Barcelona, Volubilis, Piazza Armerina - two mosaics, Girona, Carthage and Gafsa; Figs.  16–23).  They  performed the roles of monumental sundials. In this way, the catalogue includes  twenty-three  mosaics with  the representations of sundials. They come from the Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire. The first mosaic is dated to the beginning of the 1st century AD and the last dates to the 9th century AD. The author, after  a  short  description  of each monument,  summarizes the issue discussing the role of sundials in Roman and Byzantine society, their complex signifcance and symbolic dificult linked with the progress of time on which nature and human life are dependent. See Pdf : https://www.academia.edu/22653583/

"This paper proposes three new (and tentatively, another two) identifications of sundials in Middle Eastern mosaics of the 5th – 8th century. The author discusses a vignette from the Holy Martyrs’ Church at Tayibat al-Imâm, central Syria, a mosaic panel from the tomb of Georgia and Theodosia in Jerusalem, two
vignettes of Sebastis and Kastron Mefaa from the St. Stephan’s Church at Umm al-Rasas, and a vignette of Jerusalem from the St. George’s Church at Madaba. These mosaics date, respectively, to 442, to the reign of Justinian (527 –565), and to the Byzantine Umayyad era (718). According to the author, these are probably the latest representations of sundials known to date from the Late Antiquity. Until this study, only six representations of sundials on mosaics from the Roman period were known. This paper adds three new items and two hypothetical ones from Byzantine times. It also offers an interpretation of the function of the famous column in Jerusalem, shown on the map of Madaba and the mega-vignette of the Holy City.
Key words: Sundials, Sonnenhuhren, Meridiane, Cadrans solaires, Relojes de sol."

ABSTRACT
Background: Individuals suffering with psychiatric disorders are stigmatised and dehumanised, which leads to the maintenance of conditions. With stigma and dehumanisation, there is a probability that those with mental illness will suffer tremendously and eventually succumbing to adverse irreversible phases. Considering the significance of stigmatisation and dehumanisation in psychiatric populations, it becomes vital to assess their presence and degree in the psychology students’ community. The aim of this study was to examine psychology students' stigmatising and dehumanising attitudes toward two clinical populations (individuals with severe cannabis use disorder and schizophrenia), while taking gender into account.
Methods: Undergraduate psychology students (N=114) were presented with three vignettes portraying two psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, and cannabis use disorder) and one with no psychiatric condition (control). They were then required to rate their perceptions of humanity on a scale of dehumanisation (Unique human/Human nature). The Social Distance Scale (SDS) and two subscales of the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ 27: Fear and Anger) were used to assess stigmatising attitudes. Two distinct surveys, one for each gender, were distributed on University`s SONA system.
Results: Psychology students reported considerably more psychiatric stigma and dehumanisation toward individuals with schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder (CUD) compared with control condition on all attitudinal variables. When investigating gender, this study found significant results for desire to social distance from males regardless of diagnosis. Individuals suffering from cannabis use disorder(CUD) scored higher in measures of psychiatric stigma and dehumanisation. Another significant result in this study was that the schizophrenia case vignette elicited greater fear in respondents than the CUD and no psychiatric condition (control) case. Additional research is needed to generalise and verify the current research's results about attitudes of stigma and dehumanisation associated with psychiatric conditions using broader societal samples and relevant demographic samples. Further research should consider examining the many variations (responsibility and morality) in respondents' attitudes in an attempt to inform solutions targeted directly at the stigma associated with mental illness.
Keywords: schizophrenia, cannabis use disorder, dehumanisation, stigma, students` attitudes, vignette study;

This thesis regards the planning and design of a new continental-scale green infrastructure for Australia, the National Green Network. This research project aims to spatially illustrate key international and national environmental policy targets and to augment Australia's currently limited protected area network through a design that addresses multiple contemporary and future environmental challenges. Theoretically, such an infrastructure could help to sustain the Australian continent, its landscapes, biota and peoples through a robust and interconnected network of vegetated corridors spanning across the Australian continent. These are illustrated through a substantial creative component involving mapping and design work at multiple scales.

Buck, Christopher. “David Bottoms.” American Writers, Supplement XXVIII. Ed. Jay Parini. Farmington Hills, MI: Charles Scribner’s Sons/The Gale Group, 2018. Pp. 21–36. ISBN-13: 978-0684325170. (Published/Released September 2017.)

EXCERPT
A particularly poignant poem is “Stumptown Attends the Picture Show,” which, as the poet indicates right after the title, is “on the first attempt at desegregation in Canton, Georgia” (AH, p. 14):
______________
Word has come and Martha the ticket girl
stands behind the candy counter
eating popcorn and smoking Salems.
Beside her the projectionist,
having canned the Vivien Leigh
and come downstairs to watch the real show,
leans folding chairs against the theater doors,
guards his glass counter
like saloon keepers in his Westerns
guard the mirrors hung above their bars.

Outside, good old boys line the sidewalk,
string chain between parking meters
in front of the Canton Theater,
dig in like Rebs in a Kennesaw trench.
From the street, policeman and sheriff’s deputies
address their threats to proper names,
try to maintain any stability.
Someone has already radioed the State Boys.

Through the glass door Martha watches
the moon slide over the Jones Mercantile.
In front of Landers’ Drugstore
a streetlight flickers like a magic lantern,
but Martha cannot follow the plot,
neither can the projectionist.

Only one thing is certain:
elements from different worlds are converging,
spinning toward confrontation,
and the State Boys are winding down some country road,
moving in a cloud of dust towards the theater marquee.
______________
This poem never attracted the attention and critical claim that it rightly deserves. It is a masterpiece of understatement, an almost casual look at profound social change in progress, to which the ticket girl and projectionist are oblivious (“but Martha cannot follow the plot, / neither can the projectionist”).

In an almost documentary fashion, “Stumptown Attends the Picture Show” is a showpiece exemplifying the prevailing social “reptile brain” among many white Americans in the Deep South, so steeped as it was in racial prejudice. It is almost a perfect poem as a snapshot of that time and place, where Canton, Georgia, represents America at large.

The actual event took place on Monday, August 11, 1964, as four young African American men attempted to integrate the Canton Theater on Main Street. “Stumptown” is the nickname for an African American section of Canton, where David Bottoms grew up. We are never shown the attempted desegregation of the local movie theater (presumably by unnamed African Americans from Stumptown), but only the prelude (which could well have been the result of a wild rumor).

The siege mentality is strikingly depicted, and the poem’s ending—“Only one thing is certain: / elements from different worlds are converging, / spinning toward confrontation”— is as close as Bottoms ever comes to outright social commentary. …

Available in the Gale Virtual Reference Library (GVRL) database:

The first known case of the illustrated Chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead from the post–Amarna Era is represented
by the vignettes in the Papyrus of Nakht (pLondon BM EA 10471, end of the 18th Dynasty). Stylistics and grouping of vignettes in this roll have a number of features, which are not typical for the copies of the Ramesside Period. Illustrations to the Chapter 17 in the Papyrus of Nakht demonstrate a creative moment of the illustrative frieze of this spell formation.

ITA
È noto che nella pittura francese degli anni '80 e '90 dell'Ottocento, l'interno era un soggetto specifico di ricerca pittorica, in particolare quella più introspettiva legata ai Nabis Pierre Bonnard, Edouard Vuillard e Félix Vallotton. In Belgio, pittori come Xavier Mellery o Georges Le Brun avevano anche puntato su aspetti misteriosi della casa. Tuttavia, andando indietro nel tempo, possiamo osservare che l'origine della fortuna di questi soggetti può essere rintracciata nel tardo Romanticismo e in particolare negli anni '40 del XIX secolo, quando - come efficacemente osservato da Walter Benjamin - l'interno domestico divenne uno degli elementi più importanti della Parigi di Luigi Filippo. Benjamin sapeva che negli anni della Monarchia di Luglio questa attenzione alla sfera privata si rifletteva in molte scene domestiche che aumentavano sia nella letteratura (Balzac in primis) che nel mondo delle immagini. Più che nella pittura si nota la proliferazione di queste scene nelle immagini popolari, nelle litografie, nei bozzetti e nelle illustrazioni. Partendo da queste premesse, il saggio si propone di analizzare le immagini domestiche della Monarchia di Luglio - in particolare le litografie satiriche di Bartall, Gavarni, Grandville e Daumier - per dimostrare come un vero e proprio schema di rappresentazione degli interni moderni cominciasse a prendere forma proprio in quel periodo, quando lo spazio domestico era l'ambientazione ideale delle scene quotidiane urbane. Nel tracciare alcuni aspetti della nascita e dell'evoluzione delle convenzioni della rappresentazione d'interni francese dell'Ottocento (concentrandosi sul salotto e sulla sala da pranzo), poi accettate, rifiutate o riformulate dai pittori della vita moderna, il saggio si propone di mettere queste manifestazioni visive anche in relazione con la letteratura e il teatro per comprendere come nella società dell'epoca alcuni elementi, che caratterizzavano la domesticità borghese, fossero anche trasversali.

ENG
It is well known that in French painting in the 1880s and 1890s, the interior was a specific subject of pictorial research, in particular the more introspective one linked to the Nabis Pierre Bonnard, Edouard Vuillard and Félix Vallotton. In Belgium, painters such as Xavier Mellery or Georges Le Brun had also focused on mysterious aspects of the house. However, going back in time, we can see that the origin of the fortune of these subjects can be traced back to late Romanticism and in particular to the 1840s, when - as Walter Benjamin so aptly observed - the domestic interior became one of the most important elements of Louis Philippe's Paris. Benjamin knew that in the years of the July Monarchy this attention to the private sphere was reflected in many domestic scenes that increased both in literature (Balzac above all) and in the world of images. More than in painting, one notices the proliferation of these scenes in popular images, lithographs, sketches and illustrations. On this basis, the essay will analyse the domestic images of the July Monarchy - in particular the satirical lithographs of Bartall, Gavarni, Grandville and Daumier - to show how an actual scheme for the representation of modern interiors began to take shape in this period, when domestic space was the ideal setting for urban everyday scenes. By tracing some aspects of the birth and evolution of the conventions of 19th-century French interior representation (focusing on the drawing room and dining room), later accepted, rejected or reformulated by painters of modern life, the essay aims to put these visual manifestations also in relation to literature and theatre in order to understand how in the society of the time some elements, which characterised bourgeois domesticity, were also transversal.

The paper is published with a summary in English.

Istraživanje manje poznatog dijela opusa Dragana Melkusa (Bektež kraj Požege, 28. 10. 1860. – Osijek, 5. 9. 1917.) koje se odnosi na područje grafičkog oblikovanja knjiga i časopisa doprinos je upotpunjavanju cjelokupne slike o njegovom svestranom djelovanju. Analiziraju se karakteristike Melkusova rukopisa te se rekonstruiraju njegovi minhenski uzori. Ističe se Melkusovo unošenje lokalnih ikonografskih elemenata u secesijski izraz te njegova posebna sklonost oblikovanju specifičnog oblika ilustracije: vinjete. Temeljem sakupljenih podataka i razmatranjem novije literature o Melkusu, interpretacija njegova doprinosa nastaje u kontekstu grafičke produkcije u razdoblju secesije u Hrvatskoj te u kontekstu sagledavanja cjelokupne Melkusove ličnosti i njegovih mnogobrojnih aktivnosti.

Анотація
У статті розглядаються методичні та практичні особливості реалізації експериментального дизайну в опитуванні. Основна увага зосереджена на реалізації методу у середовищі R, поетапне конструювання запитальника, формування масиву віньєток, ефективної вибірки, обробки та презентації результату. Дизайн апробовано на експериментальному дослідженні факторів впливу на вибір студентами першого робочого місця, що було представлено у вигляді прикладу реалізації методу у R.

RESUMO. Programas de intervenção em habilidades sociais associados a recursos audiovisuais e multimídia podem ser utilizados para superar défi cits e contribuir no desempenho acadêmico. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de um programa, baseado nas vinhetas de vídeo do RMHSC-Del-Prette, sobre o repertório de habilidades sociais e o desempenho acadêmico de crianças com baixo rendimento escolar. Sob delineamento experimental, 14 crianças foram avaliadas com o Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais antes e depois de um programa de 22 sessões grupais. O Grupo Experimental apresentou ganhos signifi cativamente maiores que o Grupo Controle em habilidades sociais e no desempenho acadêmico. Discute-se a utilidade e viabilidade do uso do RMHSC-Del-Prette em programas de intervenção e questões ligadas à sua disseminação no contexto escolar. Palavras-chave: Baixo rendimento acadêmico, habilidades sociais, recursos audiovisuais.

ABSTRACT. Social skills programs using audiovisual or multimedia resources may help to overcome social skills defi cits and low academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of a program based on video vignettes of RMHSC-Del-Prette on social skills repertoire and academic performance of children with low academic achievement. Under an experimental design, 14 children were assessed with the Social Skills Rating System before and after interventions composed by 22 sessions. Experimental Group showed signifi cantly higher gains than the Control Group in social skills and academic performance. The usefulness of RMHSC-Del-Prette in social skills programs and issues related to its dissemination in the school context are discussed. Key-words: academic performance, school failure, social skills, multimedia  resources.

[Abstract] In Our Time, Hemingway's first book-length publication in the USA (1925), constitutes an unusual, even unique, collection of “interrelated short fictions,” whose generic classification has proved vexing. This paper concludes that, rather than “a cubist anatomy”, “a cycle of short stories”, or even “a collection of short stories,” this work might perhaps be best described as “a Cubist narrative collage”. The complexity of such a generic label could explain why, although it is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces of modernist literature, the worldwide reception of this particular volume of Hemingway fiction, has been so limited: it seems to have been translated and published as an autonomous work in only one language (German) – never in French.

[Résumé] In Our Time, le premier livre d'Hemingway publié aux USA (1925), constitue un recueil inhabituel, voire unique, de “fictions courtes liées entre elles,” dont la classification générique s'est avérée problématique. Cette étude conclut que, plutôt que d'une “anatomie cubiste”, d'un “cycle de nouvelles”, ou même d'un “recueil de nouvelles,” il s'agit d'un “collage narratif cubiste”. La complexité d'une telle appellation générique pourrait expliquer pourquoi la réception mondiale de ce volume de fiction hemingwayenne, qui est sans l'ombre d'un doute l'un des chefs d'œuvre du modernisme en littérature, a été si limitée: l'ouvrage ne semble avoir été traduit et publié en tant qu'œuvre autonome que dans une seule langue (l'allemand) et jamais en français.

Teaching experiments are valuable when it comes to sensitizing students for a business ethics that addresses the behavior of agents in modern societies. Many students are coined by the often predominantly individualistic ethical reasoning that they are accustomed to from their living environments. In our classes, we confront them with the volatility of their own ethical behavior by the use of experiments that ideally work with real incentives. We believe experiments to be a powerful tool not only to illustrate theoretical concepts, but also to make students experience the compulsion of economic incentives first-hand. This may lead to the insight that one is more prone to the contingencies of the situation than expected. Experiments may make students question their own behavior and re-evaluate the implementability of their moral ideals - as consumers, citizens and managers.

Contextualization can be important with respect to reducing misunderstandings. Yet, high
overconfidence, versus low overconfidence, may hamper such a rational selection of
contextualization. In this article, it is explored when and under which conditions
overconfidence may have such a negative effect on contextualization. It is argued that
whether overconfidence influence contextualization may depend on both perspective-taking
and perceived cognitive communication complexity. Study 1, a vignette-based survey
experiment, indicated that those highly overconfident contextualized less than those low in
overconfidence. However, the relation between overconfidence and contextualization was
less negative for those having a perspective-taking intervention. Furthermore, it is argued that
those less overconfident, and having a perspective-taking intervention, will engage in more
contextualization based on perceiving high cognitive communication complexity. Study 2,
using the same design as Study 1 but also measuring cognitive communication complexity,
indicates support for this proposition. Summarized the findings suggest that overconfidence
can be an important determinant of contextualization, and be influenced by perspectivetaking
and cognitive communication complexity. Implications for theory and practice are
discussed.

An important aspect of agoraphobia is a fear of being in crowded public spaces. This inherent spatiality means that it has aroused geographical interest. Feminist geographers have argued that the underlying dynamic of agoraphobia is the patriarchal structuring of public space. Using Attachment Theory, which draws on ideas from psychoanalysis and ethology, agoraphobia is conceptualised as a response to perceived threat in the absence of a 'secure base', represented by a known person or space. In an attempt to elicit the lived experience of agoraphobia, vignettes were constructed typifying aspects of agoraphobic experience. Participants (n=123) were recruited from Internet agoraphobia self-help forums. Males experiencing agoraphobia (18) formed a significant minority of respondents. Using qualitative methodology, responses to these vignettes, as well as transcripts of parallel telephone interviews, were analysed. Participants' responses were synthesised into a composite narrative, 'Charlotte's Story'. The study suggests the central dichotomy in agoraphobia is not that between public and private space but between threat and security. Individuals experiencing agoraphobia feel secure when in space (a 'secure base') that is private, bounded, and where they feel sovereign and active. Threat arises in the absence of these conditions, exacerbated by the gaze of strangers, and is mitigated by the presence of a trusted companion. Further qualitative evidence supported feminist accounts of the fragility of the agoraphobic self, and suggested that self-experience is intimately connected with the experience of space. This study extends previous geographical and psychological accounts of agoraphobic 'life worlds'.

"The word paternoster has been applied in a variety of senses. In the Middle Ages paternoster became a synonym for lovemaking. An early instance of this usage appears in the anonymous medieval Latin Prisciano regula. Later it occurs in Rutebeuf's Old French De frere Denise and the Middle English Secunda Pastorum. Evidence that the medieval usage perhaps continued into the modern period is found in Thackeray's Vanity Fair and Hugo's Notre-Dame.

The erotic paternoster may have originated in a playful juxtaposition of a holy prayer and an unholy deed, in an awareness that people saying the paternoster often had their minds on their lovers, or in the proximity of the paternoster to the kiss of peace in the liturgy."

An important aspect of agoraphobia is a fear of being in crowded public spaces. This inherent spatiality means that it has aroused geographical interest. Feminist geographers have argued that the underlying dynamic of agoraphobia is the patriarchal structuring of public space. Using Attachment Theory, which draws on ideas from psychoanalysis and ethology, agoraphobia is conceptualised as a response to perceived threat in the absence of a 'secure base', represented by a known person or space. In an attempt to elicit the lived experience of agoraphobia, vignettes were constructed typifying aspects of agoraphobic experience. Participants (n=123) were recruited from Internet agoraphobia self-help forums. Males experiencing agoraphobia (18) formed a significant minority of respondents. Using qualitative methodology, responses to these vignettes, as well as transcripts of parallel telephone interviews, were analysed. Participants' responses were synthesised into a composite narrative, 'Charlotte's Story'. The study suggests the central dichotomy in agoraphobia is not that between public and private space but between threat and security. Individuals experiencing agoraphobia feel secure when in space (a 'secure base') that is private, bounded, and where they feel sovereign and active. Threat arises in the absence of these conditions, exacerbated by the gaze of strangers, and is mitigated by the presence of a trusted companion. Further qualitative evidence supported feminist accounts of the fragility of the agoraphobic self, and suggested that self-experience is intimately connected with the experience of space. This study extends previous geographical and psychological accounts of agoraphobic 'life worlds'.

One of humankinds oldest quests has been to find the ‘elixir of life’, a mythical potion that, would grant the drinker immortality (and preferably, eternal youth!). One of the most famous tales of a search for this fabled tonic was that of the first emperor of a unified China, Qin Shi Huang (246 BC. to 210 BC), who, in the latter part of his life, is said to have become preoccupied with finding this illusive concoction. This article is presented at a workshop that is taking place in the heartland of what was Qin Shi Huang’s empire (China), and touches on a modern day search for an elixir of life, this time a high-tech approach based on computers and artificial intelligence technology, that goes by the name of ‘The Technological Singularity’. However, as fascinating as a search for an elixir of life may be, the real motivation of this paper is to introduce micro-fiction as a methodology for capturing and communicating visions for scientific, business and societal innovations. To those ends, The Technological Singularity is described and used as a means to illustrate the workings of micro science fiction prototyping (micro- SFPs).

Purpose:

Recent studies have introduced new productive theoretical orientations to the vignette studies. There is not, however, sufficient analytical discussion on how the vignettes can be used in qualitative interviews for different functions. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
   
Design/methodology/approach:

Whatever theoretical framing the researcher decides to apply in qualitative interviews using vignettes, the paper proposes that it is always important to consider in what way the chosen vignettes refer to the object under examination, whether they represent it as clues (metonyms, symptoms, enigmatic traces), as microcosms (icons, metaphors, totems, ideal types, homologies) or as provokers (anomalies, taboos, controversies).

Findings:

When vignettes are used as clues in interviews, they can be introduced as puzzling traces, tracks or indexes which together with the interview questions carry out the interviewees to metonymic reasoning. When vignettes are used in interviews as microcosms, the interview questions are built so that they encourage the interviewees to consider the vignettes as icons that mimic reality or realities, their actors, situations, acts, events and processes. And when vignettes are used as provokers, they are selected and produced so that they challenge the forms, boundaries, meanings and habits of the well-known and plausible realities of the interviewees.

Originality/value:

The paper demonstrates with examples how vignettes function in the interviews as clues, microcosms or provokers and shows why it is important to pay attention to this.

Öz: Nitelikli bir okul öncesi eğitimin göstergeleri arasında yer alan eğitim programı ve eğitim ortamı gibi temel boyutları en üst düzeyde kullanarak, eğitim sürecini etkili uygulamalarla gerçekleştirecek kişiler okul öncesi öğretmenleridir. Diğer tüm öğretmenlik branşlarında olduğu gibi, okul öncesi öğretmenliğinde de öğretmenlerin taşıması gereken özellikler tartışmaya açık bir konudur. Ancak görüş birliğine varılan konu, öğretmenlerin mesleği seçmelerinde etkili olan geçmiş yaşantılarının, çocuk gelişimi bilgilerinin, inanışlarının ve öz-saygılarının yüksek nitelikteki öğrenme ortamları için önemli olduğu düşüncesidir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın temel amacı; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin, etkili okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin kişisel özelliklerine sahip olma durumlarının kısa hikayeler yoluyla incelenmesidir. İkinci amacı ise, okul öncesi öğretmenlerin etkili okul öncesi öğretmeni özelliklerini sergileme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada katılımcıların belirlenmesinde amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve 54 öğretmen araştırmaya gönüllü olarak dahil olmuştur. Verilerin toplaması amacıyla, araştırmacılar tarafından kurgulanan çeşitli kısa hikayeleri içeren yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. İlgili kısa hikayeler, Colker'ın (2008) öne sürdüğü 12 farklı öğretmen özelliğini (heves/coşku, sonuna kadar direnme, risk almaya isteklilik, pragmatizm, sabır, esneklik, farklılıklara saygı duyma, yaratıcılık, otantiklik, öğrenmeyi sevme, yüksek enerji ve mizah duygusu) yansıtacak şekilde kurgulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bütünsel rubrikten ve korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; katılımcıların çoğunluğunun hevesli/coşkulu olma ve otantik olma özelliklerini sergilemelerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu; yaratıcı olma özelliğini sergileme konusunda iyileştirilme ihtiyacında oldukları; pragmatist olma ve öğrenmeyi sevme özelliğini sergilemede ise yetersiz düzeyde oldukları görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, hevesli/coşkulu olma ile pragmatist olma puanları ve yaratıcı olma ile yüksek enerjiye sahip olma puanları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki; sonuna kadar direnme ile farklılıklara saygı gösterme puanları arasında ise pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

The article examines analytical potential of factorial design in studying interrelationship of factors that influence the choice of first employment by graduate students on the basis of a sample of students of the Faculty of Sociology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The author conducted a survey with factorial design to identify a number of factors that influence the choice of employment by the sample and to determine their hierarchy of importance for students. The dimensions of the design included such factors as correspondence of work to one’s educational background, type of ownership of the company, prospects of professional and personal development at the workplace, career prospects, type of employment, work schedule, remote or office work, and salary. Sampling was conducted by means of D-efficiency algorithm in R statistical program. Analysis resulted in a set of regression equations with vignette answer as the dependent variable and all dimensions as independent variables. The findings revealed that such factors as salary, career opportunities, and professional development at the workplace are of paramount importance. Men and women proved to have significant differences in the choice of employment. Meanwhile, official status of employment and its correspondence to the student’s educational background were proved to be less important. The findings departed from the original hypothesis, because it was based on studies of job choice by people with previous employments rather than by students, who, therefore, proved to have different preferences.

У статті розглядаються пізнавальні можливості факторіального дизайну у дослідженні взаємозв’язку факторів, що впливають на вибір робочого місця студентами старших курсів на прикладі студентів магістратури факультету соціології Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Автор провів дослідження, у якому вдалося виділити низку факторів, що впливають на вибір робочого місця, та визначити їх пріоритетність і значущість для студента. У результаті було продемонстровано першочергову важливість таких факторів, як розмір зарплати, можливість кар’єрного та професійного зростання на робочому місці. Разом з тим значущість офіційності працевлаштування та роботи за фахом не була так сильно вираженою. Продемонстрована відмінність між преференціями чоловіків та жінок у виборі робочого місця.

New right-wing extremist parties all over Europe have been described as adopting a master frame that  combines xenophobia and anti-political  establishment  populism (Rydgren  2004).  In Sweden  the Sweden  Democrats  (Sverigedemokraterna,  SD) have emerged  as  the  dominating  new  right-wing extremist party that was able to more than double their share of votes from the 2010 to the 2014 parliamentary elections (2010: 5.7%, 2014: 12.9%). We conducted a vignette study in a representative  sample  of  the  Swedish  population  shortly  before  and  after  the  2014  national elections, which helps us to analyse the
social distance between the majority population and the Muslim  minority. We  are  explicitly  taking  into  account  the  prevalence  of right-wing  populist attitudes in the population and their support for SD in the 2010 and 2014 elections. Our results show that (1) anti-minority attitudes (held by 36% of the population) but not anti-establishment attitudes  (held  by  37%  of  the  population)  predict  increased  social  distance  to  Muslims and  even towards persons  that  are  only  presented  as  having  a  foreign  name,  (2)  SD  voters  hold  drastically more negative views about Muslims than does any other voter group, (3) the vote for SD is purely driven  by  anti-minority  sentiments,  not  anti-establishmentarism. In  conclusion,  while  SD  might present  its  cause  in  the  language  of  anti-establishment  populism and  their  voters might legitimise  their  voting  choice  by  this  principle, SD voters’ intentions are fundamentally rooted in xenophobia.

The quality of medical care received by patients varies for two reasons: differences in doctors' competence or differences in doctors' practice. Using medical vignettes, we evaluated competence for a sample of doctors in Delhi. One month later, we observed the same doctors in their practice. We find three patterns in the data. First, doctors do less than what they know they should do. Second, the more competent the doctor, the greater the effort exerted. Third, competence and practice diverge in different ways in the public and private sectors. Urban India pays a lot of “Money for Nothing”: in the private sector there is a lot of expenditure on unnecessary drugs. In the public sector, education subsidies and salary payments translate into little (and in small clinics, very little) effort and care. Provider training has a small impact on the actual quality of advice; under the circumstances, awareness campaigns to create a more informed clientele may be the best option.

The paper investigates the issue of reporting and the willingness to report corruption in relation to the willingness to report other forms of victimisation among students in South Eastern European countries. The aim of the paper is to provide answers to the questions of how willing students are to report corruption and to what extent their willingness is related to the willingness to report other forms of victimisation, as well as to their socio-demographic characteristics, such as sex, country of residence and field of study. Based on the results obtained, the purpose of the paper is, firstly, to identify opportunities for encouraging young people to report corruption, as well as other types of crime, and secondly, to identify to which groups in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics additional attention should be devoted when encouraging them to report. The focus is on young people since the possibility to influence willingness to report is believed to decrease with age. The research was conducted on a convenience sample of 1419 students from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Hungary, Macedonia, Slovenia and Serbia  by using the survey quantitative method. The research instrument was a questionnaire in which the respondents were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics, as well as 10 vignette questions containing short descriptions of various types of crime, i.e., 5 hypothetical situations in which they are victims of crime and 5 hypothetical situations in which they are witnesses of crime. Based on the hypothetical situations, the respondents were asked to assess whether they would report crime on a scale from 1 (I am absolutely certain that I would report) to 4 (I am absolutely certain that I would not report). The results of the descriptive and multivariate analysis show statistically significant differences in willingness to report various types of crime among young people in the South Eastern European countries examined.

This article describes a vignette experiment on the effects of temporal embeddedness and network embeddedness in trust situations. The experiment uses a setting in which a buyer wants to buy a used car from a car dealer. We distinguish between effects on trust of the past relation and the effects of the expected future relation between the buyer and the dealer. A buyer can learn about the trustworthiness of the dealer from past transactions of the dealer. Moreover, the buyer can control the dealer if the buyer and the dealer expect more transactions in the future, because the buyer may sanction the dealer if the dealer would act untrustworthy in the present transaction, for example, by refraining from future transactions. Temporal embeddedness facilitates learning and control through the bilateral relation of the buyer and the dealer, while network embeddedness facilitates learning and control through third parties. In the experiment, subjects are asked to compare different settings for buying a used car, while the relation between the buyer and dealer is varied in these settings. We conclude that both learning and control affect trust at the level of the dyad (temporal embeddedness) as well as at the group-level (network embeddedness).

Children with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) are said to experience severe congenital impairments to consciousness and cognition stemming from neurological damage.  Such children are understood as operating at the pre-verbal stages of development, and research in the field typically draws conceptual resources from psychology to devise educational interventions and assessment tools.  Criticism has been levelled at studies which treat children with PMLD as objects of research rather than subjects to be consulted.  Proponents of the latter view have attempted to redress the situation by exploring how personal experiences can be gleaned through adapted qualitative methods.  Debate about methodology in the PMLD field tends to coalesce around these individualist polemics: children with PMLD are either positioned as incompetent and lacking voice; or researchers are positioned as lacking the appropriate tools to gain access to such voice.
This paper offers an alternative position to the individualism of post-positivist/constructivist approaches, identifying the need for a critical and participatory approach which sees knowledge about children with PMLD as situated and co-constructed through regular and longitudinal interaction between the researcher, children with PMLD, and significant others.  Context to this argument is provided by exploring the application of this approach to an inclusive education research project for a child with PMLD.

This paper advances current debates about feminist methodologies in geography by attending to affectual intensities and their resonance. Affectual intensities emerge through encounters between different bodies and objects, and are deeply power‐laden, enabling, disabling, transforming, and restricting geographic research. We attend to three moments of resonance that surfaced in Elisabeth Militz's field research on nationalism in Azerbaijan. In each, we show how attending to affectual intensities reveals much about the work of power in nationalism and in the constitution of geographic knowledge about it. The paper calls for an affectual methodology, a process of critical writing, reflection, and rewriting about moments of resonance between different bodies and objects in the field, and as we analyse, present, and write up our data. This is a layered, dialogic, and collaborative writing strategy that, we argue, enables us to write through and with affect. In particular, our work contributes a nuanced and multi‐layered approach to uncover often‐neglected power structures of predominantly white and heteronormative geographic research practice.

The paper starts with a short literature review on researches and techniques applied to the study of implementation, with a special attention to welfare policies and services.
Both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to analyse the role of street-level workers in the policy making process, depending on research strategies, aims and specific focus.
Quantitative methods have to deal with the complexity of concepts like implementation or discretion, difficult to be operationalised (O’Toole, 1986; Hill, 2003). However, researchers selected specific aspects to analyse by surveys and they could elaborate theoretical models to provide schemes to be tested through quantitative techniques (Buurman, Dur, 2008). Qualitative methods have been often preferred for their capacity to go in depth in the contexts’ details and dynamics and investigate the concrete practices, even taking into account the well-known limits in the generalisation of results.

An effort to formalise a research procedure to study street-level practices was made by Brodkin (2008), which combines ethnography and the analysis of organizations. Maynard-Moody and Mucheno (2003) describe another methodological protocol based on the collection of narratives from the street-level and they explain in detail which technique they used to conduct their research and to elaborate the collected information. Hupe and Buffat (2014) provide an operative conceptual bases to conduct comparisons.

This paper proposes an alternative methodological strategy to study street-level practices, experienced within a research conducted in 2009-2010 in social services in Bologna (IT) and Copenhagen (DK) (Saruis 2010, 2015). It is based on the use of vignettes combined with qualitative interviews and analysis of the formal context and data.
Vignettes are stimuli, as short realistic descriptions of events or situations, which the respondents could potentially meet in their professional (or personal) life, for which they are asked to simulate a decision-making process (Barberis, 2010a).
This paper explains the opportunities and limits of using vignettes to study street-level practices.
It highlights how they can facilitate the access to information, helping researchers to enter the operative context and familiarise with its language.
They are especially useful in comparative research, constituting a sort of “constant” to make to emerge similarities and specificities among different contexts and practices. Measures to optimise their effectiveness in reconstructing the practices and services are also described.
This methodological choice can be considered as an option to be taken in account to conduct comparative research or, at least, in case direct observation is not feasible.

Prior research has examined the role of alcohol in sexual assault through utilizing date rape analogue vignettes to study perpetration and victimization.  There is a paucity of cross-cultural research on this topic, leaving the generalizability and universality of the findings to question.  Intimate relationships, sexual norms, and transgressions from it are governed by gender roles and social and power relations which may vary across cultures.  It is unclear how individuals from different cultures would respond to situations that Americans would constitute as sexual aggression.  For example, Serquina-Ramiro (2005) found that sexual coercion was common among Filipino male adolescents.  Furthermore, it is also unclear how the role of alcohol intoxication would influence sexual aggression cross-culturally.  The purpose of the present study was to examine culture, gender, and alcohol consumption as predictors of leaving behavior in a novel sexual encounter vignette.
Data were collected from a cross-cultural study of 417 undergraduates (M age= 19, 75% Female) from a large United States University (n = 232) and a large Filipino University (n = 185).  The participants completed a set of surveys which assessed problematic substance use, emotional states, trauma history, sexual history, and attitudes towards sex.  A vignette was created in order to assess the participant’s comfort, level of excitement, and likelihood of leaving a coercive sexual situation between a female and a drunk male.  The vignette was delivered as a between group design with four possible conditions, varying whether or not the female was drunk and whether the couple knew each other well or had just met.  The vignette had eighteen possible questions, beginning with consensual interaction and progressing towards sexual assault and rape.  Five of the questions were identified as events which substantially increased the level of inappropriate behavior: inappropriate touch, verbal coercion, physical coercion, verbal assault, and physical sexual assault. 
Differences in leaving behavior were examined as a function of gender, culture, and whether or not the female was intoxicated in the vignette.  Results indicated that there were cultural differences beginning at verbal coercion and continuing to physical assault, with a greater portion of the Filipino population continuing at three of the four time points (p = .003, .034, .013 respectively).  Gender differences were also present regarding the decision to stay in the situation after the inappropriate touch, with males being more likely to continue than females (X2 = 7.435, p = .024); however, no significant variability was present at other key events.  There were no differences in leaving behavior related to whether or not the female was intoxicated in the encounter.  Implications of these findings are discussed.

This case annotation dissects and analyzes the Court's judgement on the German light vehicle vignette system. The annotation has been published on the European Law Blog, the orginal publication can be retrieved here: https://europeanlawblog.eu/2019/06/27/the-courts-judgement-in-c-591-17-austria-v-germany-or-why-the-german-light-vehicle-vignette-system-is-discriminatory/.

This paper, based on a qualitative research project in the UK, explores the ‘personal troubles’ encountered in the lived experience of asthma, drawing on an approach currently under-utilised in studies of asthma: vignettes. These were used as an elicitation technique in in-depth research with 19 frequent exercisers and sports participants with asthma. We describe and evaluate this approach as deployed in relation to a sociological and phenomenological study of the lived experience of asthma, and consider how employing vignette-based research can encourage people with asthma to reflect critically on their experiences and ways of being-in-the-world. This was found to be a powerful way of challenging taken-for-granted assumptions, and stimulating consideration of behaviour change. The findings we report here cohere around some of the principal themes that emerged from our data, including: asthma as ‘dys-ease’ in Leder’s (1990) terms, and feelings of being ‘out of control’; bodily attunement and learning corporeal control; somatic empathy, and the power of sharing stories and opening up dialogues (Allen-Collinson et al., 2016). Understanding the complexity of asthma experiences can be of sociological interest, we argue, as well as of great practical value both to those with asthma and also to healthcare and exercise professionals in tailoring more effective treatments.