Laboratory Experiments

ABSTRACT This paper describes in detail a successful training program developed for sessional (part-time or nonpermanent) laboratory demonstrators employed in the Electrical Engineering Department of an Australian university. Such demonstrators play an important role in teaching practical concepts and skills in engineering. The success of the program relies on a centralized approach coordinated by a carefully selected Laboratory Manager responsible for the recruitment, allocation, training, and development of sessional teachers, and for assessing student satisfaction with them. The paper examines the overall impact of the program on these teachers': 1) introducing laboratory material; 2) preparation; 3) communication; 4) interest in student learning; 5) ability to respond to questions; and 6) overall effectiveness. Sessional teacher satisfaction with the training program is also examined, and the data were used to inform the program's further development. The results show that the training program successfully improved the demonstrators' teaching skills and thus led to greater satisfaction and hence learning experience of both students and demonstrators.

Many Universities globally are struggling with how to respond to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education process. Most of the education systems recommended the switch to distance learning to protect the students and eliminate the virus spreading within the campuses. Consequently, students and course instructors faced several challenges during the past semester, especially in engineering courses that included laboratory hours, such as soil mechanics and many others. The design of such courses is mainly based on practical skills the student should learn at the end of the course. With that in mind, the results of the questionnaire addressed to students and faculty members showed that the traditional online tools were not efficient enough for teaching and leaning the practical subjects, and still, the in-person method is the most preferred technique by students. This paper presents a new teaching technique that may help in fulfilling this gap. The proposed method mainly depended on acting a delicate balance between the available interaction tools and the practical skill that must be gained through in-person applications in accordance with the health constrains. The suggested method has been examined with a student group sample, and the outcomes confirmed the validity and reliability of the proposed techniques.

Subclavian crush syndrome is a well-described cause of pacemaker lend failure resulting from an entrapment of a lead or leads between the clavicle and the first rib. A new thinner lead (Thin Linetm) was designed to minimize this complication. Our patient de veloped atrial and ventricular lead subclavian crush syndrome with both conventional and thin leads.

The cleaning of glassware is an important preliminary step prior to sterilisation in the microbiology laboratory. If insufficient cleaning takes place, residues of culture media and chemicals can remain and these could potentially have an impact upon microbial growth during various microbiological qualitative and quantitative tests. This paper outlines a study where four different manual cleaning regimes were used to evaluate glassware cleaning. It was found that a 5% solution of neutral detergent, followed by two rinses was the most efficient method. The experiment is put forward as a case study for other laboratories to replicate as necessary.

In the framework of liquid treatment processes, with the aim of ensuring public health security for drinking water or to prevent economic damage, when safeguarding important production processes, major investments have been devoted to research, study and design of innovative products able to respond to market demands, that offer nowadays several solutions. The present work focuses, specifically, on the filtration of drinking water with filter cartridge systems, with the aim to investigate the effect of their introduction into a hydraulic system in terms of head losses. The problem is particularly important when the cartridge is installed in hydraulic plants characterized by low pressures, in which its insertion can make the pressure levels fall below the minimum limit recommended to ensure the smooth operation of domestic devices. Specifically, the behavior of seven different commercial filter cartridges was analyzed through an experimental analysis conducted in a pilot circuit at t...

In recent years expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam has successfully been used to reduce the acting vertical and horizontal stresses in several geotechnical applications due to its light weight, compressibility, and durability. In this study the efficiency of utilizing EPS blocks as a replacement for typical soil embankments under roadways was investigated. Accordingly, a detailed laboratory program was completed to measure the short- and long-term behaviors of EPS, which included unconfined compression (UC) and creep strain (CS) tests based on the time–temperature–stress superposition (TTSS) technique. Loading type applied during testing was cyclic loading to mimic the actual conditions under roadways, while the EPS density used was 35 kg/m³ to minimize deformations. The main outcome of this study was providing measured properties for local EPS considering creep stain after 100 years of cyclic loading, and these properties are ought to provide reliable design for EPS embankments under roadways.

Participant Course : Semester : 1 Group: No. Name Matrix No. Signature 1 ARIF HANAFI BIN MD ZAKI 2016800892 2 MUHAMMAD AMERUDDIN DANIEL BIN SULONG 2016800832 3 4 5 Instructor SIR RAFIE BIN DRAMAN Objective : 1. To determine molarity of standard sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2. To calculate percentage of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) in an unknown acidic sample 3. Demonstrate effective team role and responsibity in the task execution Abstract : 1. The experiment is briefly about titration of acids and bases. There are two acids that were used in this experiment which is Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (KHP) and unknown acid. The base that was used in this experiment is Sodium Hydroxide solution (NaOH)

... To the past Registrars, Pastor Yemi Nathaniel, Dr. DA Rotimi and the current Acting Registrar Mr. EO Ojo, I say thank you for your ... Finally, I appreciate my wife, Roseline Bolanle Fakile, and my Children, Adebisi, Oluwatobi and Adebola for their love and moral support. ...

In this investigation, the titration of a strong acid, HCl, with a strong base, NaOH, was conducted. The investigation primarily aimed to determine the molarity of the HCl solution by titrating it with a NaOH solution of known concentration. During the study, several important data regarding the acid base titration process were precisely recorded in addition to the pH measurements that were done in every 0.5 mL addition of NaOH. With the data obtained during the titration, a graphical representation of the titration experiment was generated. By interpreting the titration graph it was possible to determine the equivalence point, the pH at this particular point and the molarity of the HCl solution that was completely titrated by the added NaOH solution.

"Open-Source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Scientific Research Costs details the development of the free and open-source hardware revolution. The combination of open-source 3D printing and open-source microcontrollers running on free software enables scientists, engineers, and lab personnel in every discipline to develop powerful research tools at unprecedented low costs.

After reading Open-Source Lab, you will be able to:

    >Lower equipment costs by making your own hardware
    >Build open-source hardware for scientific research
    >Actively participate in a community in which scientific results are more easily replicated and cited

This was my IA for IB Biology. I scored a 6/7. I conducted an experiment for the effectiveness of a garlic solution as a repellent against mosquitoes. While I doubt someone will need this for research in an experiment, I think it might serve a good purpose as an example of what you might want. I hope this helps anyone working on their bio IA for IB.

No. Name Matrix No. Signature 1 ARIF HANAFI BIN MD ZAKI 2016800892 2 MUHAMMAD AMERUDDIN DANIEL BIN SULONG 2016800832 Instructor 1.. RAFIE BIN DERAMAN 2. Objective : To erect the calorimeter and determine heat capacity of a calorimeter then measure the heat changes accompanying neutralization for weak and strong acids with base. Abstract : Heat of neutralization means the heat of reaction resulting from the neutralization of an acid or base especially the quantity produced when a gram equivalent of a base or acid is neutralized with a gram equivalent of an acid or base in dilute solution .In this experiment, Alkaline X is used. Alkaline X is a strong base material that used to neutralize accidentally acids spill through acid-base neutralization reaction. Reactions Alkaline X with acids will generate some heat. The objective from this experiment is able to erect the calorimeter, determine the heat capacity of a calorimeter and measure the heat changes accompanying neutralization for weak and strong acids with base.

We investigated the origins of the popular Diet Coke and Mentos classroom demonstration.  We tested the effects that regular and diet soda have on generated the geyser as well as the role that the flavored coating and temperature play in the geyser process.  During the exploration of the parameter space, we observed that a geyser process for the soda consisted of two distinct steps.

Objectives  Students are required to understand the principle of a uniaxial tensile testing and gain their practices on operating the tensile testing machine to achieve the required tensile properties.  Students are able to explain load-extension and stress-strain relationships and represent them in graphical forms.  To evaluate the values of ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, % elongation, fracture strain and Young's Modulus of the selected metals when subjected to uniaxial tensile loading.  Students can explain deformation and fracture characteristics of different materials such as aluminium, steels or brass when subjected to uniaxial tensile loading. 1. Literature Review 1.1 Uniaxial tensile testing Uniaxial tensile test is known as a basic and universal engineering test to achieve material parameters such as ultimate strength, yield strength, % elongation, % area of reduction and Young's modulus. These important parameters obtained from the standard tensile testing are useful for the selection of engineering materials for any applications required. The tensile testing is carried out by applying longitudinal or axial load at a specific extension rate to a standard tensile specimen with known dimensions (gauge length and cross sectional area perpendicular to the load direction) till failure. The applied tensile load and extension are recorded during the test for the calculation of stress and

Los nucleótidos son las unidades monoméricas del DNA y del RNA también conocidos como ácidos nucleicos, que son los encargados de almacenar y transmitir la información genética de una generación a otra. Los nucleotidos también desempeñan una gran variedad de funciones como: componentes estructurales de cofactores enzimáticos e intermediarios metabólicos.

There are several models for the calculation of the acceleration factor for the electronic assemblies subjected to stress tests. A correct reliability assessment requires an accurate analysis of these models and the evaluation of their real effectiveness and adequacy. As regard to the solder joints subjected to the thermomechanical stresses given by temperature variation, applicable models are the original Coffin-Manson model, the Coffin-Manson model modified by Norris and Landzberg, and the model described in the standard IPC-SM-785. The last one is the most complete model to evaluate the acceleration factors given by slow temperature swings. However, the most effective method for the estimate of the solder joint aging is based on the analysis of the microstructure of the alloy. Regarding the acceleration factors of the electronic components, the international standard IEC 61709 can be used. This standard provides the equations to determine the intrinsic failure rates of the electronic components. Those equations allow to calculate the acceleration factors for the different types of stress (caused by temperature, voltage, current, etc.). This standard is more linked to the actual characteristics of the components than MIL-STD-217F, which was widespread in the past. IEC 61709 is also a useful tool for the design of electronic assemblies. A new method for the calculation of the acceleration factors is the analysis of the variation of the electrical parameters of the assembly when the stress is applied. This new method allows to evaluate directly the effects of the stress on the functionality of the assembly.

PURPOSE: To observe rate of photosynthesis with light or without light. PROBLEM: How does intensity of light affect the rate of photosynthesis? HYPOTHESİS: Intensity of light is one of the most impotant thing that affect the rate of photosynthesis. VARİABLES: Independent variable: intensity of light Dependent variable: rate of photosynthesis (starch) Control variables: water, temperature, time, etc. (all of the conditions are same without the light)

The tensile test is fundamental for engineers, because it provides fundamental information about the material and its associated properties. The purpose this test is to analyze the properties of the material used for a specific engineering structure, and to develop new materials which can used for specified use.

As considered as one of the physical properties of liquids, density also plays its role as one of the properties that differentiate it from other liquids. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. In this experiment, the relationship between the mass of a substance and how it affects its overall liquid’s density by how much space it takes up or simply its volume will be distinguished.
The purpose of this experiment is to understand the meaning and significance of the density of a substance. Density is the basic physical property of a homogeneous substance that is an intensive property, which means it depends only on the substance composition and does not vary with the size or amount. In which it can be concluded as the greater the mass, the greater the density.

Standard obligations in laboratory experiments such as preciseness in calculating and measuring numerous substances, as well as meticulousness are undoubtedly vital. Even on this basic laboratory experiment requires of those standard obligations, granting students, current and forthcoming scientists become more precise and meticulous.

In this basic laboratory experiment, 100 ml 1 M solution of NaCL and water was calculated and later mixed, before 1 ml of it was dropped into a 25 ml flask and was filled with water. The usage of burette was involved in the second experiment, disposing it up to 8.10 mL mark and delivering until 7.05 mL mark.

El 20 de marzo de 1919, el arquitecto alemán Walter Gropius (1883-1969), junto a un pequeño grupo de jóvenes profesores, artistas, intelectuales y estudiantes, fundaban en la ciudad de Weimar, la Staatliche Bauhaus: una nueva y revolucionaria escuela que marcaría un punto de inflexión en la historia del diseño.

El nombre Bauhaus, era el resultado de la unión de los vocablos alemanes Bau, construcción, y Haus, casa; casa de construcción, en alusión a las ‘Bauhütter’ medievales (gremios de constructores de iglesias): un anhelo de Walter Gropius, por resucitar su espíritu comunitario.

Retrospectivamente, la Bauhaus es una consecuencia directa de su época: un período fuertemente marcado por la inestabilidad política, el desempleo, la inflación, una devaluación de la moneda, y un descontento generalizado que había producido en los jóvenes alemanes, el deseo de una revolución cultural.

Se trataba de una nueva generación, que rechazaba el arte del pasado nacionalista, y abogaba por un futuro esperanzador. Bajo un espíritu utópico, la idea de Gropius era la de hacer surgir ese hombre nuevo, que llevará la esperanza del cambio y la renovación: “…una criatura dotada en todos los sentidos y formada por los mejores artistas y arquitectos de la época, que pudiese crear el presente y el futuro de un siglo moderno”[2].

Un prototipo que ha pervivido en el tiempo, evolucionando, mutando; y que, con la incursión de los sistemas digitales y de las tecnologías de prefabricación a finales del siglo XX, quedaría conformado en los modelos MediaLab: centros de innovación y desarrollo, exentos de una matriz académica convencional, que incorpora la tecnología digital en la enseñanza como un instrumento flexible para la adquisición de nuevos saberes, a través de procesos creativos, abiertos, colaborativos e interdisciplinares.

En este contexto, este artículo hace foco en esos procesos, e indaga las conexiones entre la pedagogía Bauhaus, y los modelos Medialab: un laboratorio de enseñanza, de investigación y de práctica, que incorpora lo digital, buscando reformular la currícula del diseño, modificando el rol de los docentes, transformados en tutores del proceso de aprendizaje, permitiendo de este modo, repensar los caminos y los contenidos que se imparten.

A 100 años del nacimiento de la Bauhaus, se hace necesaria una revisión crítica de su impacto y evolución dentro del diseño. Una búsqueda de sus esencias, pervivencias, y elementos trascendentales, que se han convertido en patrones de inspiración para las escuelas de diseño de los años venideros.

The consolidation test is one of the most common laboratory tests in geotechnical investigations. It is mainly utilized to assess the clay operative constrained modulus, which is an essential parameter in the settlement calculations of foundations and embankments. Recently, the non-linear numerical modelling has become more common than ever in geotechnical engineering. The state-of-art advanced geotechnical analyses focus on consideration of the nonlinear variation of soil moduli with the stress and strain levels. One of the fundamental quantities in advanced non-linear geotechnical analyses is the small strain shear modulus. It is obtained by measuring the shear wave velocity using special tests or amendments to traditional tests. Such tests and/or amendments are generally much less common and more expensive than consolidation tests. In this paper, the shear wave velocity and small strain shear modulus of soft to firm clays are evaluated from results of consolidation tests. The site-specific constants that relate the void ratio to the shear wave velocities and small strain shear moduli are concluded from the water content measurements. The proposed approach is validated by analysing two well-reported clays (viz., Ariake and Singapore clays). The results of the analyses show the viability of the proposed approach as the estimated moduli are close to the values inferred from the field shear wave velocity measurements.

Analytical method validation is an important requirement to support the package of information submitted to international regulatory agencies in support of new product marketing or clinical trials applications. Back in 1987, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued its first guidance on analytical methods. The document was subsequently revised in 2000 and, despite the advancement in analytical methods, there were no further updates until 2014, when a new draft was issued for public comment. Following the period of review, in July 2015, the FDA issued a new version of the guidance. The third edition is titled Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation for Drugs and Biologics.