Start Up

La doctrine s’est déjà penchée à de nombreuses reprises sur les assurtechs, la menace concurrentielle qu’elles pourraient représenter pour les acteurs traditionnels de l’assurance ou encore sur les technologies dont elles font usage. Elle semble en revanche s’être moins intéressée à l’étude des relations que ces assurtechs nourrissent avec les acteurs du marché qu’elles viennent disrupter.
Cette recherche a donc pour objectif de déterminer différentes catégories d’assurtech. De qualifier les relations de partenariat, de dépendance ou de compétition qu’elles développeront entre elles et avec les acteurs traditionnels du marché. La nature de ces relations sera fonction de leurs caractéristiques et des besoins des acteurs traditionnels dans leur effort de transformation digitale. Des data primaires et secondaires, qualitatives et quantitatives sont employés afin de déterminer un schéma des relations inter-organisationnelles du marché de l’assurance enrichi de ces nouveaux acteurs.
Ces recherches ont conduit à conclure que les stratégies le plus performantes conduiront à voir naitre des écosystèmes composés d’assurtech conceptrices de produit d’assurance et d’assurtech de soutien à la digitalisation entourant des groupes d’assurance traditionnels. Viendront s’ajouter à cet écosystème des prestataires de services liés directement ou indirectement au service d’assurance proposé. Cette nouvelle logique d’écosystème élargira donc la fonction d’assurance de ces acteurs à celle de protection.
Ce model emportera des conséquences majeures sur le marché de l’assurance, sa dynamique, ses facteurs clefs de succès et bouleversera sa logique financière. C’est par des observations et recommandations managériales basées sur cette analyse et les pronostics qui en découlent que se conclura cette recherche

The purpose of a business model canvas is to assess how the firm’s economic activity is configured to create and deliver on a firm’s value proposition. The business model canvas provides a holistic perspective of how the major elements of a business need to be aligned to allow the firm to create and capture value. Managers can use a business model canvas when initiating a new business, or when seeking to revise the strategy of an existing business by assessing how the current configuration of activities may need to change to deliver on the new strategy. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of the business model canvas. The chapter also continues the illustration of Spotify and applies the steps of business model canvas to this case.

The emergence of entrepreneurial finance as a research field is the result of a double interest from both entrepreneurship researchers and financiers. Indeed, researchers focus on the financial fact existing in all entrepreneurial projects, while financiers consider that entrepreneurial situations have specific features that we should lean on. Our article is a presentation of the basic mechanisms of the entrepreneurial Finance, and its relationship with the entrepreneurial venture in its early stages; it will also focus on the theoretical aspect on both the Agency theory and its developments, as well as on the emerging organization that takes into account the evolution of the Startups reality. Finally, we will make a presentation of the different modes of financing Startups. Our report reveals that little work was spent on funding the very beginnings of the entrepreneurial venture. To this end, the Finance business tends to stand out from the corporate finance by different concepts ...

This chapter considers the relationship between the U.S. federal income tax system and innovation, using the sharing economy as a focal point for analysis. It makes two main points. First, the tax system is currently a questionable tool for encouraging innovation. Regulators are understandably concerned that taxpayers will use tax incentive provisions in unanticipated ways, and thus are inclined to tightly limit such provisions’ scope. This reduces incentive provisions’ net benefit to taxpayers, and can even cause such provisions to miss their marks entirely. Moreover, small and new companies are key drivers of innovation, and evidence suggests that they are relatively unresponsive to tax incentives.

Second, innovation can help improve the tax system. To fix a problem, one must first identify it; innovation provides opportunities to see where tax law is achieving its goals and where it is falling short. The sharing economy experience suggests some strengths, such as the tax system’s definition of income, as well as weaknesses, such as the dividing line between independent contractors and employees.

For the last decade, emergence of Fintechs caught the attention of everyone: Individuals working in the financial sector because Fintechs started to become serious competitors, investors and everyone else who received some sort of financial service from a financial institution. With a success this big, it is no surprise that Fintechs were put under a microscope to understand their unique business models, strengths, and weaknesses. While there are certain studies that explore the success of Fintechs, there aren't many that focus on how Fintechs can maintain this success, or how they could achieve it in the first place. In an effort to fill that gap, this article aims at exploring how a Fintech can achieve full sustainability to maintain its success and growth. To provide a framework, this paper takes Elkington's Three Bottom Lines of Sustainability and evaluates Fintechs' ability to fulfill each line. It concludes that due to their business models Fintechs hold certain advantages in the social and environment lines, while they need to pay attention to the value and the quality of their offered insights to fulfill the economic line.

In recent years the emergence of so-called born-global firms -firms which start their international activities from their start up- has challenged traditional theoretical assumptions about the incremental process of internationalization, giving birth to the development of a new stream of studies. In order to give a contribution to this area of studies, the purpose of this paper is to empirically test a model to explain how well some factors are able to explain the level of international development of born global companies. A mail survey was conducted within a sample of born-global Italian companies, belonging to the most representative industries for the Italian economy (metal products and machinery equipment; furniture; chemicals and food). Findings support the validity of a model including five significant predictors: uncertainty and dynamism in the firm’s industry, operating in niche-based industries, markets’ and segments’ knowledge held by the founder/managers, product innovation and firms’ innovativeness, access to networks. Findings are discussed and managerial implications are drawn.

Micro firms are more important in Poland than in other European Union (EU) member states because Polish micro firms represent a larger share of the total number of Polish firms and contribute more to total turnover and gross value added than EU micro firms. Polish students exhibit substantial interest in starting their own businesses. This paper presents the results of a study examining the entrepreneurial attitudes of 458 students. The goal of the study was to identify relationships between academic majors and academic programme and the extent to which students were ready to start their own business. The analysis revealed that although the choice of academic major did not influence student readiness to start a business, there was an association between academic programme and student readiness to start their own business. Respondent gender influenced the extent to which students were prepared to start their own business due to gender differences in access to business start-up financing.

The Customer Segments Building Block defines the different groups of people or organizations an enterprise aims to reach and serve. Customers comprise the heart of any business model. Without (profitable) customers, no company can survive for long. In order to better satisfy customers, a company may group them into distinct segments with common needs, common behaviors, or other attributes. A business model may define one or several large or small Customer Segments. An organization must make a conscious decision about which segments to serve and which segments to ignore. Once this decision is made, a business model can be carefully designed around a strong understanding of specific customer needs.

Start-ups, often seen as sources of innovation and change, are prone to failure and accordingly they are attracting considerable attention not least from policy makers and Government officials. However, the various new venture creation studies that have emerged since the early 1980s lack cohesiveness, and the domain remains controversial. This article not only exposes the limitations of the existing body of understanding on the topic but attempts to develop a more comprehensive and comprehendible framework for start up (new venture) creation. To do so it uses the frameworks proposed by Whetten, and March and Smith to develop 11 propositions. The resultant model suggests that the creation of a start up involves the identification of an idea or opportunity by an entrepreneur who subsequently organizes a series of activities, mobilizes resources and creates competence using his/her networks in an environment in order to create value. It sheds light on the start-up (new venture) creation process and has relevance for entrepreneurs, policy makers and researchers.

Article History Abstract Purpose-Numerous studies have explored entrepreneurial marketing (EM) activities in the firms that are established for a few years, but the research exploring the EM activities and challenges, particularly during the start-up phase, is scant. To cover this wide gap, the current study explores in-depth the EM activities and EM challenges faced during the start-up phase by a graduate entrepreneur who has exposure to both marketing and entrepreneurship education and practical EM experiences. Design/Methodology-In-depth case study approach has been adopted to study an SME owned and managed successfully by a graduate entrepreneur. Findings-After rigorous data analysis, in addition to the currently known seven EM dimensions, this study has discovered a new EM dimension, i.e., 'legitimation'. Moreover, the key EM challenges in emerging economies are also identified. Practical Implications-The results have guided future entrepreneurs regarding their investment decisions, and to the entrepreneurship education policymakers regarding pedagogical up-gradation.

Hingga saat ini, pandemi COVID-19 telah melanda seluruh belahan dunia dan menimbulkan dampak yang signifikan di semua sektor kehidupan. Pandemi COVID-19 yang masih sulit diprediksi berakhirnya mendorong para pemimpin perusahaan apapun termasuk start-up untuk terus adaptif terhadap perubahan yang diakibatkan pandemi COVID-19. Seluruh dunia kini menghadapi masalah yang sama, baik secara sosial, ekonomi, pelayanan dan sebagainya. Bagi perusahaan, tidak ada pilihan lain selain bergerak. Bahkan kita dituntut untuk

To start any business one need resources (financial resources, energy resources, human resources), Infrastructure, Transportation, Buyers and above all secure and safe place. Here are 5 reasons why Dubai still is a best place for Starting a business.

enterprising skills and experience. With small- and medium-sized enterprises crucial to the health of the UK economy providing graduates with the skills to start-up their own business is also of increasing pertinence. The purpose of this paper is to analyse universities’ provision and delivery of student support in developing their enterprise knowledge, skills and experience outside of the curriculum. Design/methodology/approach – An e-survey of universities alongside three follow-up semi-structured interviews with participants and an in-depth case study was gathered. The e-survey quantified what enterprise support activities the sample institutions currently offered and the interviews and case study examined the delivery of those activities through the perceptions of university staff/students. Findings – The respondents offered a range of enterprise support activity outside of the curriculum but delivery was hindered by a limited means to track proceedings. Support activities were ...

One sees the growing record of organizations that claim to perform Educommunication in their practices, which led us verify if the organizations develops or not this perspective and how it happens. In a previous study, we reached a possible metodology of analysis on the interrelationship of Comunication/Education with Learning Organizations. Categories were defined and which therefore demanded a field analysis. So, here are presented the first results of verification of a possible “Organizational Educommunication” performed by companies that demonstrate articulate new administrative models and that possibly align the characteristics listed in the previous study: the startups.

Many new product innovations are attributed to new venture creation. Although there are many success cases, many new ventures quit before they have fulfilled their greatest potential mainly because the team quits their effort. This research tries to delve into several factors that affect the dynamics of an entrepreneurial team along the different stages of the new venture creation process. Given such direction, primary data from 12 entrepreneurial teams are undertaken within an incubator environment, which is an underresearched context. An in-depth study of these entrepreneurial teams suggests numerous determinants (variation in the intentions and expectations, improper leadership, ineffective communication, engagement, team structure) to have a serious effect on team dynamics and team cohesiveness. Following a grounded theory approach, specific research propositions are formulated and theoretical insights are drawn. Moreover, the results of this research assist nascent entrepreneurs in assessing their potential, recognizing critical team dynamics, and basing their choice on moving to a sustainable new venture creation.

This paper explores the effects of attitudes on total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). The data is obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s Adult Population Surveys (APS) on the characteristics and motivations of individuals to start new businesses. The dataset consists, e.g., of individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions, their perceived capabilities, opportunities, and risks as well as the share of female-male entrepreneurs. The time-series for 16 European and Latin American countries together with Taiwan and Iran cover the research period 2011-2019. All countries with long enough time-series data are included. The research methodology tests Random and Fixed Effects Models. The latter model becomes selected leading to a model explaining 95% (R2 ) of the variation in TEA. The results of the rather heterogeneous sample of countries show that when individuals recognize their own capabilities to start and run businesses, they also have entrepreneurial intentions, wh...

The purpose of a business model canvas is to assess how the firm’s economic activity is configured to create and deliver on a firm’s value proposition. The business model canvas provides a holistic perspective of how the major elements of a business need to be aligned to allow the firm to create and capture value. Managers can use a business model canvas when initiating a new business, or when seeking to revise the strategy of an existing business by assessing how the current configuration of activities may need to change to deliver on the new strategy. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of the business model canvas. The chapter also continues the illustration of Spotify and applies the steps of business model canvas to this case.

Nowadays, the new enterprises are recognized as the main source of job creation, innovation and development. In today's business world, new enterprises are recognized as an important source of job creation, innovation and development. Therefore, identifying influencing factors that play key roles in the start-up of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) is critical. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify critical factors for starting-up Small and Medium sized Sport Enterprises (SMSEs) companies whose business is sport and developing a conceptual model that might be used by entrepreneurs in sport business. The methodology was qualitative. Interviews were conducted with 18 individuals, selected through purposive sampling, involved in sport-related SMEs. After a careful investigation of enterprise start-up models in the literature, and based on the results of experts interviews, an integrated approach was indicated as popular models were used by SMEs scholars. Then, a model was proposed in line with integration approach.The conceptual model is based on the integrative approach and shows that three important categories of factors were indicated: Individual; 2.individual factors; Environmental; and 3.environmental factors; and Financial factors.financial factors. It should be mentioned that these factors were constitude of subdimentiones.

This article concerns the extent to which corrupt behavior is dependent on the organizational power structure and the resources available for illegal exchange. This qualitative study is based on 42 in-depth interviews with organizational actors in different organizations in Hungary. Four core themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: (a) isolated corruption at the bottom, (b) the middle level's own corruption, (c) "technicization" when middle-level professionals and expert groups are used to legalize the corruption of the dominant coalition, and (d) "turning-off controls" when organizational elites intentionally deactivate internal and external controls to avoid detection.

Start-up companies are the fastest growing business in Israel. However, half of them do not last through their fourth year. This paper looks into the issue of the power of Israeli start-ups to survive and to become successful companies. The challenge is to seek new directions, which will help this sector to change this disappointing course. The start-up sector has a significant contribution to the strength of the Israeli economy which leans on its intellectual resources. Based on my continuing consulting in implementing competitive intelligence to local Israeli start-ups and further research that I have done by following closely the added value of developing capabilities, which enable better understanding of the external environment, I have found that one of the main causes of the high percentage of failures of Israeli start-ups is the difficulties in comprehending the competitive landscape, which has a significant contribution to making them less competitive. By using a new model, ...

This paper is outlining a pilot attempt to systematically study the relationship between the systemic macro level (Malerba, 2002; 2005) and processual micro level (Pavitt, 2003) of innovation process in a high-tech industry (such as Space); and the role public institutions (can) play in supporting new venture creation and growth in this context (Dosi et. al., 2006; Smits and Kuhlmann, 2004). At its core is an enquiry into Business and Knowledge Networks and the direct effect they have on new product development (NPD) in firms, particularly SMEs. In order to show that this is a useful theoretical and empirical approach, I propose to examine Space Sector in Scotland as an example of a high-tech sector in an interesting structural transition from “classical” towards “New Space” (Space IGS, 2010; Adlen, 2011). So far the results are showing that this transition is easily identifiable when studying the networks and the knowledge flow(s) affecting the creation of new products, leading to both a greater understanding of the structure and the effects of the (knowledge) network(s) in the Space Industry as well as towards preliminary models of how these networks can be developed and supported from an institutional point of view.

Technology start-up incubators are one of a number of micro-policy interventions with which states attempts to support technology entrepreneurs. This paper outlines the challenges associated with evaluating start-up incubator services and advocates theory-based evaluation (TBE) methodology as a possible solution for effective evaluation in complex research settings such as this. An exploratory case study is used to illustrate the proposed TBE approach.

Cet article présente la conception et la mise en oeuvre expérimentale d'une méthode d'exploration de business models pour une technologie innovante. Les travaux de Teece et de Chesbrough pointent la nécessité de concevoir un business model permettant de convertir la valeur latente d'une technologie en revenus économiques. La littérature sur les business models, notamment les travaux récents de Osterwalder et Pigneur présentent les business models comme un ensemble de briques inter-reliées. Nous cherchons à rendre dynamique ce type de modélisation en montrant que la conception d'un business model suit en fait une logique d'exploration. Celle-ci consiste à générer différentes options stratégiques. La démarche est présentée et appliquée au cas de la valorisation d'une technologie de capture de mouvement dans le secteur du jeu vidéo. Elle suit les étapes suivantes : études d'usage auprès d'utilisateurs potentiels pour identifier le potentiel de valeur de la technologie, développement de prototypes de jeu permettant de mettre en valeur la technologie, modélisation du réseau de valeur du jeu vidéo, formulation de choix stratégiques majeurs, interviews d'experts du secteur du jeu et génération de différentes options stratégiques. Au final, la démarche d'exploration a permis de générer quatre options de business models pour la valorisation de cette technologie. Une telle démarche d'exploration de business models permet de guider la recherche de partenariats stratégiques, d'orienter les décisions de conception et de prototypage et au final d'éclairer la prise de décision stratégique des porteurs d'une technologie innovante.

In budding yeast, commitment to cell division corresponds to activating the positive feedback loop of G1 cyclins controlled by the transcription factors SBF and MBF. This pair of transcription factors has over 200 targets, implying that cell cycle commitment coincides with genome-wide changes in transcription. Here, we find that genes within this regulon have a well-defined distribution of transcriptional activation times. Combinatorial use of SBF and MBF results in a logical OR function for gene expression and partially explains activation timing. Activation of G1 cyclin expression precedes the activation of the bulk of the G1/S regulon ensuring that commitment to cell division occurs before large-scale changes in transcription. Furthermore, we find similar positive feedback-first regulation in the yeasts S. bayanus and S. cerevisiae, as well as human cells. The widespread use of the feedback-first motif in eukaryotic cell cycle control, implemented by non-orthologous proteins, suggests its frequent deployment at cellular transitions.

ABSTRACT: Gaseous and particulate emissions from a residential pellet boiler and a stove are measured at a realistic 6-day operation sequence and during steady state operation. The aim is to characterize the emissions during each phase in order to identify when the ...

The aim is to evaluate critically whether small businesses start-up in the informal economy and whether they do so to test-trade the viability of their businesses. Reporting a 2012 survey of 595 small business owners in the UK, 20% report trading informally when starting their business, 64% of whom asserted a main reason was to test its viability. Some 13% of all small businesses therefore start-up test-trading in the informal economy, although multivariate analysis shows that businesses started by men, with low current annual turnovers in particular sectors are significantly more likely to do so. Regional variations are not significant. The outcome is a call for not only similar studies in other countries to determine the proportion of enterprises that start up test-trading in the informal economy but also a discussion of the policy implications of this finding.

This thesis explores the effects of social capital on start-up outcomes. Entrepreneurs' ability to access and utilise social capital, through bonding and bridging relationships of various types, facilitated by trust, is essential to the success of their startups. This study identifies and differentiates two key forms of bonding, surfacing tribal bonding as a new concept distinct from bonding as traditionally recognised. Traditional bonding depends on developing ties and trust over time, while tribal bonding is built on individuals' inherent desire to contribute towards the value of the group. Tribal bonding requires less time than traditional bonding to develop relationships, results in reduced monitoring, and facilitates faster tacit knowledge transfer; all of these factors reduce costs relative to traditional bonding. Particularly during the start-up stage, reduced cost and faster decision making are crucial for entrepreneurs, who are typically short on cash and time as their ventures have not started generating revenues or profits. Abductive reasoninga back-and-forth approach directed by theory juxtaposed with dataenabled the discovery of tribal bonding social capital, a previously unidentified form with features differing from those of bonding as traditionally conceived. Abductive reasoning further divided people who affect start-ups into two broad groups: those who affect supply and those who affect demand. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, based on set theory, enabled examination of tribal bonding alongside traditional bonding, bridging, and trust. QCA identified multiple pathways to start-up outcome. The identified pathways were categorised into two major approaches, one reliant on traditional bonding and the other on tribal bonding. This study contributes to theory through the separation of tribal bonding and traditional bonding, leading to the creation of a conceptual model indicating the relative cost implications of engaging the two types of bonding as well as a framework that differentiates the impacts of groups that affect supply from groups that affect demand. The methodological accomplishments of this study include the successful combination of abduction and retroduction, incorporating QCA to examine the effects of tribal bonding on start-up outcomes. From a practical perspective, the derived model and framework may guide practitioners regarding how to optimally mix their interactions with various types of groups affecting start-ups, including (but not limited to) how to access required resources at the lowest cost.

Customer and brand-oriented capabilities have been identified as key influencing capabilities for business performance. Especially in the early years of the firm, it is crucial to develop and consciously manage these capabilities. In this paper, the results of a quantitative analysis, investigating the causal relationship between customerand brand-oriented (marketing) capabilities and business performance will be presented. The research displays the dependencies between the constructs and will provide practical implications for young firms in the acquisition and management of these capabilities. Keywords—Brand-oriented capabilities, customer-oriented capabilities, entrepreneurship, resource-based theory, young firms.

Anna Stephens, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia Patricia A. Rowe, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, [email protected](tel.) + 61 (7) 3365 6882 (fax) + 61 (7) 3365 6988 Gregory S. Harper, CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Qld 4067 Shaun Coffey CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St Lucia, Qld 4067 Anna Stephens’ research interests lie in understanding the drivers of successful biotechnology cluster development. Anna has a background in biotechnology commercialisation, having worked in both the public and private sectors in this area. Her undergraduate studies consisted of a Bachelor of Biotechnology Innovation (first class honours). Patricia Rowe’s research interest is in understanding the interactive process of sharing of know-how and its impact on the innovation process and firm growth. Patricia has published a number of book chapt...

It is true that no new business succeeds without a detailed and thorough business plan. A complete plan identifies and quantifies the capital that is likely to be required to reach break-even and beyond. Accounting as a business function and innovative activity has to be understood by entrepreneurs as it provides clear picture of the business success. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine the relationship that exists between availability of financial resources and success of new startup business. The objectives were to examine financial sources influencing success of startup business. Government programmes in place, motivating factors as well as obstacles to success of startup business. The study adopted quantitative and qualitative approaches where descriptive design was used to achieve the study objectives. A sample of 25 was taken from the study area. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument for this study. The study found out that majority of new business use family and friends loan to finance their business. Majority disagreed that there are government programmes that support startup business. Access to finance and legal regulations posted as the most obstacles business is facing. Majority of respondents also reported that opportunity of having job and earning money as the main motivating factor to start new business. The study recommends the government should come up with new innovative programmes that will support startup business.  The study concludes that for any business to succeed, regardless of industry or size, has to identify proper sources of finance with government support and proper accounting tools needs to be adopted.

for valuable comments. The European Investment Bank generously provided financial support through an EIBURS grant. Certain data included herein are derived from the Kauffman Firm Survey restricted-access data file. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.

Facebook and other social media have existed for more than 10 years. During this time the portals, destined to build relations in different fields, have become tools used intensively by the business environment. Primarily, Baby Boomers haven’t understood the fascination of ICT (Information and Communication Technology), X generation have accepted them with reserve, meanwhile twenty and thirty-year-olds have realized they are powerful tools, useful for promoting their businesses. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of establishing new communication schemes using social media and to present the basic characteristics of new social media and their role for start-ups. To achieve the objective of the article the marketing (especially Internet marketing) literature (both domestic and foreign) has been used, as well as author’s own observation, gained during participation in international projects (while working on this project, the generation Y and Z group survey was ...