Public Health Ethics and Law

Pandangan masyarakat atas hukum yang beragam telah menimbulkan berbagai persepsi pula tentang hukum. Hukum dalam arti peraturan perundang-undangan yang dikenal oleh masyarakat sebagai undang-undang umumnya diberi pengertian sebagai pengatur. Oleh karena itu aturan aturan di bidang kesehatan dikenal sebagai hukum kesehatan, meskipun hukum kesehatan mungkin lebih luas lagi cakupannya dari itu. Dalam pandangan yang lebih luas sebagaimana dikatakan oleh cicero, yaitu dimana setiap masyarakat disitu ada hukum (ibi societas ibi ius) telah mengindikasikan bahwa setiap aktivitas masyarakat pasti ada hukumnya. Demikian halnya dengan praktek penyelenggaraan kesehatan, yang tentunya pada setiap kegiatannya memerlukan pranata hukum yang dapat menjamin terselengaranya penyelenggaraan kesehatan. Pranata hukum yang mengatur penyelenggaraan kesehatan adalah perangkat hukum kesehatan. Adanya perangkat hukum kesehatan secara mendasar bertujuan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan perlindungan yang menyeluruh baik bagi penyelenggara kesehatan maupun masyarakat penerima pelayanan kesehatan.

Epidemic outbreaks threaten jurisdictions beyond domestic boundaries and affect diverse societal interests. How to properly handle them therefore becomes an issue of interest for all stakeholders and individuals. To address this issue, a case study of the current EVD outbreak may be instructive. How can we explain the risk handling process in the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak? The central argument is that if the EVD outbreak affects jurisdictions beyond domestic boundaries and diverse societal interests, its handling should be integrative. To be integrative, the handling should engage both technical and societal inputs, and coordinate stakeholders at domestic and global levels. Hence, integrative risk handling requires an interdisciplinary method and a global governance approach. Meanwhile, the classical model of risk analysis appears to be less integrative while the emerging risk governance model, in an attempt to improve the classical model, seems to be substantially integrative. With the help of secondary data and its qualitative analysis, focused literature review, non-participant observation, and empirical investigation of the risk analysis model alongside the adaptive and integrative risk governance model of Klinke and Renn (2012), the result shows that the current risk handling approaches perform differently at domestic and global scales. At the domestic level, the prevailing approach substantially shows elements of risk analysis but lacks the basic elements of risk governance. At the global level, the prevailing approach fully incorporates the elements of risk analysis but not fully those of risk governance. Applying the Klinke & Renn model to upgrade risk analysis may address the latter’s deficiencies and make risk handling outcomes more suitable for stakeholders and individuals. Although the analysis excludes the adaptive elements of the model, it shows the model could make risk analysis more integrative and incorporate risk handling variables more accurately. The conclusion is that the handling of epidemics should be more integrative within a comprehensive global governance framework.

La eutanasia y el suicidio asistido, tanto desde el punto de vista de la bioética como del Derecho, han generado un intenso debate no solo ya en el ámbito académico, sino también en la sociedad mundial en la que se produce.

Un debate en el que confluyen causas tales como: «el incremento de la esperanza de vida, con el consiguiente retraso a morir bajo condiciones no pocas veces de deterioro físico y psíquico.; el incremento de los medios técnicos capaces de sostener durante mayor tiempo la vida de las personas sin curación o la calidad de la misma; la secularización de la vida y su consciencia social y  de los valores de las personas; o el reconocimiento de la autonomía de la persona también el ámbito sanitario».

Por todo ello, se propone un análisis comparativo desde el cual apreciar los elementos comunes, así como el estado de la cuestión, atendiendo a cada uno de los ordenamientos que han venido a responder al debate sobre la eutanasia mediante su legalización y regulación en atención a los principios esenciales que son basamento de las personas (derechos fundamentales a la vida, la integridad física, moral y, de otros bienes, dignidad, libertad y autonomía de la voluntad).

The specialty of family medicine is centered on lasting, caring relationships with patients and their families. Family physiciansintegrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. The scope of family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Read more about the history, scope and definition of family medicine by reviewing the following resources.



Public-health-family-medicine



Family medicine is a three-dimensional specialty, incorporating (1) knowledge, (2) skill and (3) process. At the center of the process element is the patient-physician relationship with the patient viewed in the context of the family. It is the extent to which this relationship is valued, developed, nurtured and maintained that distinguishes family medicine from all other specialties.



Family physicians integrate the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to provide continuing and comprehensive health care. Family medicine encompasses all ages, sexes, each organ system and every disease entity. Family physicians also pay special attention to their patients' lives within the context of family and the community.

Adolescent Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Pain Medicine
Sleep Medicine
Sports Medicine
Sexual Health
Geriatric Medicine
For more details, PS: https://clinicalcasereports.conferenceseries.com/events-list/case-reports-on-public-health-family-medicine

The author analyzes the implementation of the vaccination obligation by the medicinal entity in the context of the rights of the patient, recognizing it as accession to human rights. On the basis of the provisions of Polish and international law, taking into account the provisions of the Declaration of Human Rights and the citizen and the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and dignity of the Human being, not ratified by Poland, on the application of Biology and Medicine of 4 April 1997, and the case law, consent to medical treatment with the commercial institution of the declaration of will is established. On the basis of the provisions of the Law of 5 December 2008 on the prevention and control of infections and communicable diseases in humans, together with implementing acts, in the event of an outbreak in Poland, the author concludes that the general vaccination obligation infringes human rights and thereby the patient.

ISBN 978-83-956684-1-8