Public Health Ethics and Law

This commentary looks at the Kerala Public Health Act (KPHA), passed on November 28, 2023, through the lens of public health ethics. While the Act recognises the importance of prevention and strengthening of social systems, it falters in the public health ethics and human rights framework, ignoring international public health principles such as the Siracusa Principles and guidelines for individual diseases such as tuberculosis.

The Covid 19 pandemic in India itself offers ample learnings, which have been disregarded, on the need for caution against state overreach. Principles such as autonomy, privacy/confidentiality, transparency, accountability, rule of law, least harm etc have not even been given token consideration, making this law a potential tool of abuse, particularly against already vulnerable communities.

https://ijme.in/articles/public-health-ethics-and-the-kerala-public-health-act-2023/?galley=html

Systemic approach is relevant to the process of formulating of regional rule. The unity of departments that are interrelation and interdependency like the Regional House of Representativesand District Head causes the implementation of regional rule becomes more efficient. The regional rule must be in accordance with condition of community where it will be hold. Therefore, the regional rule maker must understand the interests what is growing and developing in community.Besides that, with paying attention to an input from the members of community can grow sense of belonging and morality duty of them to obey the regional rule. In order to be achieve its goal, the systemic approach must be completed by a control like feedback so that, the relation of input, process and output become balance and dynamic.

Permasalahan etika di dunia rumah sakit seperti halnya fenomena gunung es. Di lndonesia banyak permasalahan yang tidak terungkap. Mulai dari kasus dugaan malpraktik, kelalaian dalam penanganan pasien, diskriminasi terhadap pasien, sampai tindak kriminal lainnya. Tenaga medis memiliki peran penting dalam menciptakan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu. Di antaranya dalam menerapkan budaya keselamatan pasien. Saat ini keselamatan pasien belum sepenuhnya menjadi budaya dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Hal ini terlihat dari masih adanya kasus seperti malpraktik, diskriminasi, dan lainnya. Setiap profesi kesehatan memiliki kode etik masing-masing. Keberadaan kode etik seharusnya menjadi aspek dalam penerapan budaya keselamatan pasien. Undang-Undang Rumah Sakit Nomor 44 tahun 2009 sudah jelas mengatakan bahwa keselamatan pasien adalah faktor yang harus diutamakan oleh petugas kesehatan dibandingkan faktor yang lain. Metode yang digunakan yaitu menelaah dari berbagai sumber publikasi ilmiah secara ...

UUD NRI 1945 selaku konstitusi hukum tertinggi Indonesia mengamanatkan menyediakan kebutuhan dasar dan hak sipil setiap warga Negara yang meliputi kebutuhan kesehatan sehingga diperlukan undang-undang di bidang kesehatan yang menjamin terpenuhinya kebutuhan warga Negara akan jaminan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaturan tenaga kesehatan yang telah diatur dengan undang-undang dan azas kepastian hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan pendekatan hukum doktrinal dan pendekatan undang-undang dengan desain penelitian kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian meliputi: 1) Ditemukan norma yang tidak konsisten pada UU Nomor 36/2009 pada pasal 21 ayat (2) dan (3). 2) Perbedaan Terminologi tenaga Kesehatan pada UU No. 44/2009, UU No. 29/2004, UU No. 38/2014 dan UU No. 36/2014 menimbulkan perbedaan dalam mengklasifikasi tenaga kesehatan. 3) Perbedaan tingkat Pengaturan Tenaga Kesehatan di Indonesia. Rekomendasi: 1) Mengamandemen UU No. 36/2009 agar lebih menjamin kepastian hukum, karena UU Kesehatan sering menjadi referensi Perundang-undangan lainnya. 2) DPR, Pemerintah dan Organisasi Profesi masing-masing tenaga kesehatan mengupayakan pengaturan dengan UU tersendiri. 3) Pemerintah segera menerbitkan Peraturan Pelaksanaan UU yang mengatur Tenaga Kesehatan 4) Pelaksana Peraturan peraturan-undangan hendaknya menggunakan azas Preferensi dalam menyikapi peraturan-undangan yang mengatur tenaga kesehatan yang berbeda, tidak jelas dan tidak konsisten. 5) Organisasi Profesi harus Proaktif dalam membela kepentingan anggota dan selalu berkoordinasi dengan pemerintah sesuai dengan Peran dan fungsinya.

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui implementasi asas perlindungan dan asas keadilan dalam pelayanan kesehatan oleh tenaga kesehatan berdasarkan UndangUndang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Studi Puskesmas Praya.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas Praya sudah memberikan pelayanan yang adil dengan tidak membedakan pasien dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan dan melindungi pasien dengan sesuai dengan Asas keadilan. Sedangkan untuk implementasi Asas Perlindungan belum terlaksana dengan baik. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya tenaga dokter untuk bidang UGD (Unit gawat Darurat). Faktor yang menyebabkan implementasi asas perlindungan dan asas keadilan pada puskesmas praya dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal sehingga dari keadaan tersebut dibutuhkan tenaga kesehatan tambahan pada Puskesmas Praya.

Every citizen, including mental hospital patients, has the right to legal protection, as they are vulnerable to experiencing acts of violence by medical personnel. This study aims to analyze the legal protection for people with mental health conditions who once experienced acts of violence committed by medical personnel. This study used sociological research methods with a descriptive qualitative research approach. This study used primary and secondary sources of data. The authors collected data through observation and interviews. The data in this research were analyzed and then described as narrative texts. The results showed that people with mental health conditions could obtain legal protection from acts of violence committed by medical personnel if they truly experienced bad treatment. It ensures that people with mental health conditions obtain their rights as citizens to be equally treated before the law. In undergoing their tasks, medical personnel must follow the SOP (Standard Operating Procedures), which includes prioritizing patient safety and comfort to keep patients from rebelling when their illnesses recur.

Therefore, there needs to be a law that regulates the relationship between OB-GYNs and their patients. In terms of human rights in Indonesia, this particular healthcare issue is regulated in Law Number 36 of 2009 regarding Health (Indonesian Health Act). Chapter III Article 1 clause (1) and (4) specifially regulate the patients' rights. The legal and ethical responsibilities in health services observe how far the obstetricians' actions have legal implications in cases of errors or negligence in providing health treatments.

"Civil liability for defects in vaccines", LL.M. Thesis.
The aim of the present thesis is to analyse the complex issue of civil liability that is likely to arise from the production or administration of a defective vaccine. Vaccines are substances activating the immune response of an organism, in order to defend itself against infectious diseases and bacteria. As substances that are administered for this purpose, i.e., the prevention and promotion of public health, they constitute social goods, but, simultaneously, commercial goods that are trading on markets and are therefore governed by rules for their production and distribution. Key legal aspects presented, regarding the civil liability, are among others: errors that occurred during the clinical trials stage, liability of the producer of a defective product, as well as the civil liability of the State, that is activated under certain conditions (e.g., when an excessively harmful result occurs from vaccination that the State itself declared as mandatory). Related court decisions concerning compensation after harmful vaccination are presented, being based either on the matter of a defective vaccine, or on a vaccination that caused serious adverse events, such as death (since, as with any medicine, side effects can possibly arise after the administration of a vaccine). Finally, the issue of mandatory or non-mandatory vaccination and the way this categorisation affects civil liability is also reviewed.

The article provides a legal justification for the absoluteness of free will. The understanding of free will has changed from imagining it as "fatum" in determinism to defining its limitations through international and national legal norms. Suppose the ancient philosophers wrote that God influences a person's will today. In that case, it is considered relevant to understand the limits of free will through the prism of regulatory and legal regulation. This thesis raises the pressing question of whether free will is absolute. The purpose of this article is the legal justification that free will is absolute. To substantiate this thesis, the author proposes to investigate two statements: 1. freedom of will is absolute, and legal norms specify it; 2. freedom of will is not absolute because regulations define its limits. The author examines absolute rights through the prism of their control in international treaties. In particular, an analysis of the normative consolidation and limitation of absolute rights in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was carried out. The author analyses the legal grounds for limiting absolute rights. The scientist concludes that the definition of a specific right as absolute is more connected not with the prohibition to limit it but with its significant meaning. It instead characterises absolute rights as natural and inalienable, although not all absolute rights are. The author claims that free will can be considered an absolute right from which other rights arise. The researcher cites an analogy when the absolute right to life gives rise to the right to health care, which gives rise to a whole series of patient rights. As a result, the author emphasises the possibility of assuming that free will is one of the absolute rights from which all others derive. At the same time, it is noted that the possibility of defining freedom of will as a personal non-property right or a principle of law requires a separate study.

In accordance with organ transplant's evolve especially the kidneys it is necessary to rule out specific health legislation in dealing with transplantation of human body's organs to prevent human trafficking of human organs. The approaches used is the approach of legislation and comparisons to provide an overview of the regulation of transplantation of human body's organs in Indonesia, and to know the comparison with other countries that have specific rules on transplants. The result is that the regulations in Indonesia does not have rules on organ transplants from living non-related organ donation and found no legal protection againts the donor.

Corona virus disease is the infectious disease which spread through contact to contact. Last ½ year we are facing this disease. Corona viruses are a family of respiratory viruses, known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe illness such as middle East Respiratory syndrome and serve Acute syndrome. According to WHO " Corona virus disease Is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered Corona virus. (i)For either people, Gov. (state or centre) or judiciary this time is a very hardship time .We have many Laws, statues and Acts related natural calamities. We have Epidemic Disease Act, 1897, and man made Disaster Management Act 2005, some Section of I.P.C 1860 and cr.p.c. 1973 for this purpose. This paper analyse some important laws dealing with this pandemic. The lacunae and loopholes in existing epidemic combating laws in India will be looked into by Author.

Service at IGD many find difficult, such as the State of the patient is not conscious and there is no family that takes, so the doctor IGD should get legal protection in the conduct of medical action. The problem occurs because the doctor IGD in conditions like this should serve patients in the shortestin short with the doctor in the service of the response time of the IGD is less than 5 (five) minutes, in order to save lives and more disability prevention further, while the doctor IGD that is in the RS are currently limited in number. The purpose of research to analyse the implementation of the responsibility of the doctor in dealing with patients at IGD hospital. This type of research is descriptive, the juridical sociological approach is the method. The primary data source as the primary data collected from the field, and secondary data as supporting data. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative methods, with the constant comparison analysis models and techniques of analysis done with the method of Theoretical Interpretation. Aspects of the implementation of the responsibility of the doctor IGD-positive, however there are doctor IGD substitute that does not have SIP for lack of doctor IGD especially when holiday Lebaran. Doctor who practise without having a SIP don't get legal protection, from the beginning of the Administration had broken the law and may be subject to disciplinary action from the City/County Health Department in addition to criminal sanctions as set forth in Article 76 of ACT No. 29 of the year 2004 about the practice of medicine.

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi semua manusia karena tanpa kesehatan yang baik, maka setiap manusia akan sulit dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya sehari-hari. Definisi kesehatan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009, merupakan keadaan

Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2019 tentang Kebidanan merupakan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi bidan secara komprehensif dan dalam menjalankan praktik kebidanan, bidan harus sesuai dengan kewenangan dan kompetensinya, jika di luar kewenangannya maka bidan berkewajiban merujuk pasien ke dokter atau fasilitas kesehatan yang lebih mampu. Angka kematian ibu dan kematian bayi baik Nasional maupun Bandar Lampung masih tinggi, penyebabnya bisa jadi karena bidan terlambat dalam mengambil keputusan, terlambat sampai tempat rujukan, dan terlambat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Kematian bayi terjadi di Bandar Lampung, penyebabnya yaitu tidak adanya surat rujukan sehingga terlambat dalam mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan setelah ditolak empat rumah sakti di Bandar Lampung. Tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui tata cara pelaksanaan rujukan oleh bidan kepada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, Hubungan Hukum Antara Pasien, Bidan dan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Dalam Sistem ...

The responsive nature of the law according to Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick aims to achieve competence in order to obtain a sense of justice and meet the expectations of the community, not merely offering procedural justice but substantive justice. The formation of Law number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses  and Victims (UUPSK) as a product of regulations that are subordinate to the principles and policies of the government was born as a form of rule of law in society. The results obtained from the testimony of witnesses and victims helped the prosecution of a case. Article 3 states that the protection of witnesses and victims is based on respect for human dignity, security, justice; non-discriminatory and legal certainty. The problem is when witnesses and victims provide information, fear and trauma arise to explain what happened, so that witnesses need protection for themselves and their families. In the case of the abuse of female patients by male nurses in hos...

The riseof drug trafficking without marketing authorizationin the societyis very distressedus as members of society. It shows that the people's awareness of the law is still very low that tends to commit criminal offenses including distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a marketing authorization. This study was conducted to determine how the rule of law against the crime of distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a marketing authorization and the efforts made to overcome them. This research uses normative juridical method using secondary data through library is conducting research on various sources of literature books, laws and regulations relating to the crime of distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a marketing authorization. The result of the research conducted can be concluded that the crime of distributing pharmaceutical preparations without a marketing authorization as stipulated in act No. 36 Year 2009 on Health serves as optimizing the criminal act as a tool in crime prevention efforts. Application of the Act is expected to ensnare the perpetrators distribute pharmaceutical preparations without a marketing authorization. As well as the efforts to be made in the handling of this criminal act is done with penal and non-penal policies.

The development of the health and disease management technology supporting advanced as well as facilities. The purpose of this research is to know the operation process had involved the cecum to the / appendicitis the act of an anesthetic of medical staff that cause financial losses for patients in the implementation of the Act Of Law number 29 years 2004 about the practice of medicine to gain an understanding of the factors causing the an appendectomy / appendicitis with the action of an anesthetic by of medical staff that cause financial losses for patients in the implementation of the Act Of Law number 29 years 2004 about the practice of medicine . As for the methodology used an author in the juridical research methodology is normative and for scholarly activities which includes the stock taking , explained, to interprate, Systemize , and evaluate all the positive law applicable in a community or state , Based on concepts, definitions , categories , theories , clasifications , an...

Despite the availability of safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, some people will remain vulnerable because they will not be vaccinated. Who are these non-vaccinated people? We can distinguish two groups: (i) persons who cannot be vaccinated for clinical reasons and who, despite having been vaccinated, have not achieved immunity; (ii) persons who voluntarily refuse to get vaccinated. These groups have in common an immune system that will make them vulnerable to COVID-19. The reasons for their vulnerability and the ethical judgment they deserve are different; the solutions offered to them are also different. In the case of those who voluntarily avoid vaccination, States are not compromised to introduce new protective policies. In the case of people who remain involuntarily vulnerable, instead, the response should be articulated on the same rules and principles that inform the social model of disability because they will live with an organic disability.

The excerpted materials in the Reader have been edited for clarity and reduced length. These edits have been made carefully so as not to compromise the meaning or substance of the readings. My intent is to communicate the substance of the case or article, in the words of the author(s), without interfering with its readability. The following editing and other conventions have been used consistently throughout the Reader. The citation form for books and articles is taken from The Chicago Manual of Style (14th ed.). The citation form for judicial cases is taken from The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (17th ed.). All original references or notes in the excerpts have been deleted, except where they support quotations. In these instances, the references have been added to the bibliography and indicated within the text of the reading. Headings and subheadings within articles or cases have been capitalized and italicized, respectively, regardless of how they appear in the original text. Brackets ([ ]) are used in the readings to introduce my own commentary or edits of the original excerpted material. Omissions of text within articles and cases are indicated through the use of ellipses (.. .) in accordance with the following rules: three periods (.. .) indicate an omission within a sentence and four periods (.. . .) indicate an omission that includes a sentence break (and may consist of part of a paragraph or several paragraphs). Five asterisks within the

This essay investigates Covid-19 pandemic regulation within the context of the Singapore polity between 2020-2022, which practices a brand of legal communitarianism. This focuses on regulating and shaping behaviour not only by the methods of liberal legalism (sanctions, courts and law) but through resort to soft norms, foregrounding trust, solidarity and deploying nudges to bring about desired conduct. It unpacks how communitarianism may manifest as 'communitarian as solidarity' which operates in the key of persuasion and hortatory expectations, and how a turn to more authoritarian methods reflects a brand of 'communitarianism as muscular majoritarianism.'

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi semua manusia karena tanpa kesehatan yang baik, maka setiap manusia akan sulit dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya sehari-hari. Definisi kesehatan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009, merupakan keadaan

In accordance with organ transplant’s evolve especially the kidneys it is necessary to rule out specific health legislation  in dealing with transplantation  of human body’s  organs  to prevent  human  trafficking  of human  organs.  The approaches used is the approach of legislation and comparisons to provide an overview of the regulation of transplantation of human body’s organs in Indonesia, and to know the comparison with other countries that have specific rules on transplants. The result is that the regulations in Indonesia does not have rules on organ transplants from living non-related organ donation and found no legal protection againts the donor. Keywords: Organ   transplant,   kidney   transplant,   human   trafficking,   health legislation.

Increasing population growth can be suppressed through the Family Planning (Keluarga Berencana/KB) program, one of which is the installation of uterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) by midwives at the Puskesmas. Juridically, the midwife has the authority to install an IUD. However, contraceptive failure often occurs, in which midwives can face criminal or civil lawsuits regarding the IUD insertion case. The method in this study is a normative juridical approach to the law (statue approach) and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). Related to the problem of IUD insertion failure, midwives are only responsible for the installation actions according to their competency standards. While the results of failures that may occur can not be accounted for because the transactions that occur between midwives and patients emphasize the maximum effort of the midwife. Minister of Health Regulation No. 28 of 2017 related to the Licensing and Implementation of Midwife Practices that discusses t...

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi semua manusia karena tanpa kesehatan yang baik, maka setiap manusia akan sulit dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya sehari-hari. Definisi kesehatan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009, merupakan keadaan

Recent criminal offenses for the circulation of cosmetics without permission are increasingly worrying. Cosmetic products are imported products that are not registered by BPOM, so that cosmetic products are illegal products. Like the criminal act of cosmetics circulation without permission contained in the decision 334 / Pid.Sus / 2015 / PN.Dps. The main problem in this thesis is how the criminal acts against the perpetrators of the crime of cosmetics circulation that do not have marketing authorization and do not have expertise in pharmaceutical practices according to Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. This study uses a type of normative juridical research that is analytically descriptive, using secondary data obtained by library studies and then analyzed qualitatively and uses deductive logic as a way of drawing conclusions. The results showed that the actions of the perpetrators charged in this case were Article 197 in conjunction with Article 106 paragraph (1) of Law No. 36 o...

Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting bagi semua manusia karena tanpa kesehatan yang baik, maka setiap manusia akan sulit dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya sehari-hari. Definisi kesehatan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009, merupakan keadaan

Indonesia adalah negara yang memiliki potensi tinggi mengalami bencana, baik bencana alam maupun bencana yang diakibatkan oleh manusia. Pasca bencana tsunami 2004, pemerintah Indonesia semakin berbenah diri dalam menghadapi bencana-bencana selanjutnya. Dalam manajemen penanggulangan bencana, penanggulangan masalah kesehatan dalam kondisi bencana ditujukan untuk menjamin terselenggaranya pelayanan kesehatan bagi korban akibat bencana dan pengungsi sesuai standar minimal. Sebagai bagian dalam tim penanggulangan masalah kesehatan dalam kondisi bencana, tenaga kefarmasian perlu memahami pentingnya peranan pelayanan kefarmasian dalam tahap prabencana hingga pascabencana. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah memberikan gambaran peran tenaga kefarmasian baik dari sisi penyiapan dan distribusi obat dan perbekalan kesehatan hingga peran tenaga kefarmasian dalam manajemen terapi, konseling dan edukasi pasien pada situasi bencana. Artikel ini juga memberikan usulan bagi para pemangku kebijakan organisasi kefarmasian untuk menyusun suatu rencana dan kebijakan keprofesian untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan dan pelayanan kefarmasian dalam situasi bencana. Kata kunci : penanggulangan bencana; tenaga kefarmasian; kesiapan tenaga kefarmasian ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country that has high potency to be affected by disaster, either by natural or manmade disaster. After the 2004 tsunami, Indonesian government has improved its disaster prevention policy and program. In disaster management study, health management in disaster setting is aimed to assure the implementation of health service toward victims accordingly. As integrated part of the healthcare team in disaster management, pharmacists have to understand the importance of pharmaceutical care in pre-disaster, disaster, and post-disaster phase. This article aims to provide an overview on pharmacists' role in disaster management from preparing and distributing medicine and medical devices to its role in therapy management, counselling, and patient education. This article also proposes to stakeholders in pharmacist professional organization to arrange plan and policy to increase and improve pharmacists' involvement in disaster management.

Pelayanan kesehatan tradisional adalah salah satu ciri budaya dan kearifan lokal Indonesia. Pada saat ini, sebanyak 69.6% orang Indonesia menggunakan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional, baik berupa ramuan maupun keterampilan. Dalam sistem kesehatan di Indonesia, pelayanan kesehatan tradisional sudah diakui dengan disahkannya undang-undang/peraturan dan pohon keilmuan Sistem Kesehatan Tradisional Indonesia (SISKESTRAINDO). Tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan tradisional sudah selayaknya bekerja secara sinergis dalam pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga dibutuhkan panduan mengenai sikap etik sebagai seorang tenaga medis. Pelayanan kesehatan tradisional yang murah, mudah, dan mujarab harus didukung karena memiliki manfaat besar bagi masyarakat. Di sisi lain, pelayanan kesehatan tradisional yang tidak memenuhi syaratsyarat tersebut, terlebih memberikan dampak buruk pada pasien, harus ditolak dengan tegas metode, klaim, dan prakteknya.

La eutanasia y el suicidio asistido, tanto desde el punto de vista de la bioética como del Derecho, han generado un intenso debate no solo ya en el ámbito académico, sino también en la sociedad mundial en la que se produce.

Un debate en el que confluyen causas tales como: «el incremento de la esperanza de vida, con el consiguiente retraso a morir bajo condiciones no pocas veces de deterioro físico y psíquico.; el incremento de los medios técnicos capaces de sostener durante mayor tiempo la vida de las personas sin curación o la calidad de la misma; la secularización de la vida y su consciencia social y  de los valores de las personas; o el reconocimiento de la autonomía de la persona también el ámbito sanitario».

Por todo ello, se propone un análisis comparativo desde el cual apreciar los elementos comunes, así como el estado de la cuestión, atendiendo a cada uno de los ordenamientos que han venido a responder al debate sobre la eutanasia mediante su legalización y regulación en atención a los principios esenciales que son basamento de las personas (derechos fundamentales a la vida, la integridad física, moral y, de otros bienes, dignidad, libertad y autonomía de la voluntad).

Crimes in the pharmaceutical field, which are related to drug distribution without circulation authorization, have occurred in many regions in Indonesia. The rise of the circulation of illegal drugs proves that Indonesia's defense is still weak from the invasion of things that endanger the community. This type of research is normative research and the nature of the study used is analytical descriptive. Data will be analyzed by qualitative methods. Based on data analysis conducted Legal arrangements regarding drug distribution licenses are in the Regulation of the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Supervisory Agency Number HK.00.05.1.23.3516 Concerning Circulars of Drug Products, Traditional Medicines, Cosmetics, Food Supplements, and Food Sourced, Containing , Of Specific Ingredients and Or Containing Alcohol, Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Regulation of the Head of the Republic of Indonesia Drug and Food Supervisory Agency Number 24 of 2017 conc...

Aborsi selalu menjadi perhatian bagi kalangan kesehatan. salah satu metode aborsi adalah dengan pemberian obat, yang tentunya berada pada ranah pelayanan kefarmasian oleh apoteker. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah apoteker dapat melaksanakan aborsi legal. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka dilakukanlah penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang dicari dan dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang merupakan bahan hukum primer, yang diterbitkan oleh Negara dan/atau Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dalam bentuk regulasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghubungkan regulasi yang satu dengan yang lainnya untuk mencari tahu makna aborsi legal dan kemungkinan pelaksanaannya di Indonesia dan sejauh mana peran apoteker dalam pelaksanaan aborsi legal tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, regulasi memungkinkan terjadinya aborsi legal. Dalam regulasi tersebut tenaga kesehatan yang dapat...

Bioetika selalu dikonotasikan dengan pelayanan kefarmasian, di mana apoteker berhubungan langsung dengan pasien. Dengan demikian timbul pertanyaan bagaimana dengan apoteker yang bekerja pada industri farmasi, yang tidak pernah berhubungan langsung dengan pasien. Apakah apoteker pada industri farmasi tetap wajib melaksanakan bioetika dalam pekerjaan kefarmasiannya. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menjawab dan menjelaskan bahwa apoteker yang bekerja pada bidang industri farmasi tetap wajib melaksanakan bioetika dalam pekerjaan kefarmasiannya tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pendekatan kualitatif, yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Data yang dicari dan dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang merupakan merupakan kajian tentang konsep dan teori bioetika yang dihubungkan dengan pelaksanaan pekerjaan kefarmasian, khususnya dalam industri farmasi. Pada penelitian ini pembahasan tentang industri farmasi dibatasi hanya pada industri pembuatan obat jadi. Analisis dilakukan d...

Abstrak Latar belakang: Aborsi selalu menjadi perhatian bagi kalangan kesehatan. salah satu metode aborsi adalah dengan pemberian obat, yang tentunya berada pada ranah pelayanan kefarmasian oleh apoteker. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah apoteker dapat melaksanakan aborsi legal. Metode: Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut maka dilakukanlah penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang dicari dan dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang merupakan bahan hukum primer, yang diterbitkan oleh Negara dan/ atau Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dalam bentuk regulasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghubungkan regulasi yang satu dengan yang lainnya untuk mencari tahu makna aborsi legal dan kemungkinan pelaksanaannya di Indonesia dan sejauh mana peran apoteker dalam pelaksanaan aborsi legal tersebut. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia, regulasi memungkinkan te...

Abstrak Latar belakang: Bioetika selalu dikonotasikan dengan pelayanan kefarmasian, di mana apoteker berhubungan langsung dengan pasien. Dengan demikian timbul pertanyaan bagaimana dengan apoteker yang bekerja pada industri farmasi, yang tidak pernah berhubungan langsung dengan pasien. Apakah apoteker pada industri farmasi tetap wajib melaksanakan bioetika dalam pekerjaan kefarmasiannya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk menjawab dan menjelaskan bahwa apoteker yang bekerja pada bidang industri farmasi tetap wajib melaksanakan bioetika dalam pekerjaan kefarmasiannya tersebut. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pendekatan kualitatif, yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Data yang dicari dan dipergunakan adalah data sekunder yang merupakan merupakan kajian tentang konsep dan teori bioetika yang dihubungkan dengan pelaksanaan pekerjaan kefarmasian, khususnya dalam industri farmasi. Pada penelitian ini pembahasan tentang industri farmasi dibatasi hanya pada industri p...

Perbandingan jumlah penduduk di Negara Indonesia dengan jumlah dokter yang ada di Negara Indonesia tidaklah seimbang, dengan kata lain Negara sangat membutuhkan bantuan tenaga kesehatan khususnya dokter untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan. Hal ini mendorong timbulnya praktik dokteroid paramedis dikalangan masyarakat Kegiatan dokteroid yang dilakukan oleh paramedis dapat mengakibatkan kerugian  seperti misdiagnosis, salah pemberian obat,  multifarmasi, hingga menimbulkan penyakit baru , menyebabkan kecacatan permanen bahkan kematian. Pemberian tugas limpah dapat dijadikan perlindungan hukum dari pemerintah kepada pelaku praktik dokteroid paramedis. Namun perlindungan hukum ini menyalahi UU kesehatan yang mengutamakan profesionalitas dalam kesehatan. Berbeda degan Negara Indonesia, di Negara Australia bagi oknum yang melakukan praktik dokter palsu pelanggar akan dihadapkan pada kemungkinan hukuman maksimal tiga tahun penjara per pelanggaran. Mereka juga menghadapi kenaikan denda maks...

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Apoteker yang dipersalahkan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu, dimana Apoteker tersebut sudah bekerja sesuai dengan prinsip yang tercantum di dalam kode etik dan peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap kewenangan yang dimilikinya. Dengan demikian bentuk perlindungan hukum yang dapat diberikan terhadap Apoteker yang mengalami kerugian yang diperolehnya. Perlindungan hukum bagi Apoteker dalam pelaksanaan profesi adalah bersifat preventif dan represif, sedangkan upaya hukum konsumen apabila merasa dirugikan Apoteker dapat meminta pertanggung jawaban terhadap Apoteker tersebut dengan catatan konsumen harus bisa membuktikan bahwa kesalahan tersebut murni di karenakan kelalaian Apoteker itu sendiri.

Kesehatan merupakan hak asasi warga negara dan salah satu unsur kesejahteraan umum yang harus diwujudkan dalam kehidupan bernegara. Perwujudan tersebut dilakukan untuk mencapai derajat kesehatan individu dan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya. Pemerintah melaksanakan sistem jaminan sosial nasional di bidang kesehatan dengan nama Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (Program JKN). Program JKN dirancang sebagai suatu program jaminan perlindungan kesehatan kepada peserta untuk memperoleh manfaat pemeliharaan kesehatan dan perlindungan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar kesehatan. Upaya kesehatan dapat dimaknai sebagai setiap kegiatan atau serangkaian kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan individu dan masyarakat yang setinggi-tingginya. Sebagai salah satu jenis tenaga kesehatan, apoteker memiliki peran yang cukup penting dalam dimensi pelayanan kesehatan. Apoteker memiliki kompetensi berupa pengetahuan, keterampilan dan kewenangan di bidang kefarmasian, m...

Being limited number of pharmacists who became one of the factors of negligence of pharmacist task in community healt centre. This research aimed to analyze the implementation of Pharmaceutical care at the health center. This research also aims to analyze law enforcement due to the negligence of pharmacist task at the health center. This research methode is a qualitative by the sociological juridical approach. Collecting data through observation and interviews to 10 Pharmacists who work in health centers and the head of health centers, also the head of Indonesian Pharmacist Association (IAI) in Banyumas region The pharmaceutical care in health centers are still not in accordance with the laws and regulations that apply where the phramacist task in the health centre is still done by a non-pharmacist staff and drug information to patient also incomplete in providing drug services, it is becoming one of the factors the occurrence of negligence. Law enforcement due to the negligence of the pharmacist in performing pharmacist task at the health center willbe solved by take out-of-court action with promote the rights of the patient or the victim, in which patients who experience the error due to the negligence of the pharmacist then directly solved by replacing drug medications error and in case undesirable of side effects from the use of drugs is carried out free medical treatment in accordance with the provisions. In increasing the phramaceutical care at the health center should be no additional health human resources, especially pharmacists or pharmacy technical staff while minimizing an increase in visits of patients will require an active role of other health professionals to optimize preventive health efforts in the awareness level of health awareness in the community. Staff pharmacist in health center should always increase the knowledge, skills and behavior in order to maintain and improve their competence through education and training.

Patent which one part of the IPR, are legal protection for inventor of an invention both process and product in the field of technology that can be applied in industry. Granting of patents in the pharmaceutical field impact on the high price of the medicines, it affects of public to access health right which a part of human rights. Based on it, the government should be protecting business interests (private) coincide with the protection, respect and fulfillment of the interests of public health (public health). The problem approach in this study normatively by using secondary data is used as supporting data. The requirements and procedure for patent applications are found in Article 24 paragraph (1) of the Patent Law including those granted based on the application. Procedures and descriptions of registered patents are also regulated as fulfilling prior priority rights for inventors who register their inventions. Priority rights also apply to foreigners who are members of the Paris ...

Jurnal PRANATA HUKUM dimaksudkan sebagai media komunikasi ,edukasi dan informasi ilmiah bidang ilmu hukum. Sajian dan kemasan diupayakan komunikatif melalui bahasa ilmiah. Redaksi mengundang semua elemen masyarakat ,baik civitas akademika, praktisi , lembaga masyarakat ,maupun perorangan yang berminat terhadap bidang hukum untuk berpartisipasi mengembangkan gagasan , wawasan, dan pengetahuan melalui tulisan untuk dimuat dalam jurnal ini. Melalui PRANATA HUKUM diharapkan terjadi proses pengembangan bidang hukum sebagai bagian penting dari rangkaian panjang proses memajukan masyarakat bangsa

Perlindungan Hukum bagi Apoteker yang dipersalahkan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu, dimana Apoteker tersebut sudah bekerja sesuai dengan prinsip yang tercantum di dalam kode etik dan peraturan perundang-undangan terhadap kewenangan yang dimilikinya. Dengan demikian bentuk perlindungan hukum yang dapat diberikan terhadap Apoteker yang mengalami kerugian yang diperolehnya. Perlindungan hukum bagi Apoteker dalam pelaksanaan profesi  adalah bersifat preventif dan represif, sedangkan upaya hukum konsumen apabila merasa dirugikan Apoteker dapat meminta pertanggung jawaban terhadap Apoteker tersebut dengan catatan konsumen harus bisa membuktikan bahwa kesalahan tersebut murni di karenakan kelalaian Apoteker itu sendiri.

Pada saat aturan baru diberlakukan, tidak otomatis dipersepsi positif oleh para dokter, bahkan bisa dinilai sebagai ancaman karena dianggap membelenggu kebebasan keilmuannya dan bisa menimbulkan konflik dalam melaksanakan pelayanan kesehatan kepada masyarakat,Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali pemahaman dan persepsi dokter terhadap Pasal 66 ayat (3) UU No 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran yang telah ditolak oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi pada akhir tahun 2014. Dalam kajiannya, penelitian kualitatif yang didukung kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode induktif dalam grounded theory, permasalahan dibahas dengan paradigma konstruktivisme.Hasilnya: dokter sadar bahwa profesi kesehatan rentan terhadap tuntutan dan perlu adanya perlindungan hukum bagi dokter.Saran:Dokter harus mengeliminir pendapat bahwa dengan memperdalam ilmu kedokteran, menjamin bersangkutan akan terhindar dari berbuat salah maupun sengketa medis.Dokter harus sadar bahwa sebaik apapun kewajibannya telah dilaksanakan,...