Ornamentals Plants

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stress limiting the plant survival and growth in the Mediterranean environment. In this work, two species typically grown in Mediterranean areas with different drought responses were used. Two shrubs, with slow (Photinia × fraseri Dress 'Red Robin') or fast (Eugenia uniflora L. 'Etna Fire') adaptation ability to drought, were subjected to three water regimes: well-watered (WW), moderate (MD), and severe (SD) drought stress conditions for 30 days. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) were measured. Results showed that RWC and proline were higher in Eugenia than in Photinia, demonstrating the greater tolerance of the latter to the water stress. The drought stress levels applied did not compromise photosynthetic efficiency through stomatal regulation, while a reduction of Fv/Fm ratio was observed at the end of the experimental period. MDA significantly increased after 30 days in both species. The antioxidant enzyme activities showed different responses to water stress conditions. In both species, the water stress scores showed positive, while proline content showed negative correlations with all physiological parameters.

Javor negundovac (Acer negundo L.) je listopadno drvo iz Sjeverne Amerike, a u Hrvatsku je uvezen početkom 20. stoljeća. Cijenjen je u pčelarstvu, šumarstvu, krajobraznom uređenju te je vrlo invazivna vrsta. Od ukrasnih karakteristika vrste mogu se izdvojiti deblo, kora, habitus, grane, listovi, cvjetovi i plodovi. Zbog svoje velike prilagodljivosti podnosi vrlo siromašna tla te položaje koji su izloženi suncu, suši, hladnoći i sjeni. Najrasprostranjeniji je u kontinentalnom i submediteranskom dijelu Hrvatske. A. negundo se s vremenom dosta raširio tako da je na području Hrvatske svrstan u invazivnu alohtonu vrstu. Prema literaturnim izvorima navedena vrsta za sada ne pričinjava ozbiljnije štete autohtonoj vegetaciji. Negundovac (Acer negundo L.) slabo je zastupljena dendrološka vrsta na gradskim krajobraznimpovršinama Knina, kao soliter, u drvoredu ili u skupinama. Metodom promatranja je također uočeno da u pogledu održavanja i njege stabala A. negundo na krajobraznim površinama nužno posvetiti više pažnje u formiranju krošnje. Nisu uočena njegova stabla van gradskih krajobraznih površina. Anketno istraživanje je provedeno tijekom druge polovice 2017. godine na uzorku od 50 ispitanika s područja grada Knina i okolice. Temeljem anketnog istraživanja ispitanici su dodijelili vrlo dobre ocijene ukrasnim karakteristikama i ugodnosti prisustva A. negundo na krajobraznim površinama Knina. Ponešto su lošije ocijenili ulogu navede vrste u pčelarstvu, šumskim melioracijama i urbanom šumarstvu. Veći broj ispitanika ne zna da je A. negundo vrlo invazivna vrsta. Ash-leaf maple or boxelder (Acer negundo L.) is a deciduous tree that originates from North America. It was imported into Croatia at the beginning of the 20th century. It is highly valued in bee-keeping, forestry and landscape architecture and it is a highly invasive species. Amongst the ornamental characteristics it is important to highlight its tree trunk, tree bark, habitus, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. Due to its high adaptability it tolerates very poor soils and positions exposed to the sunlight, drought, cold and shade. It is the most widespread in the continental and sub-Mediterranean parts of Croatia. In time A. negundo became considerably widespread and hence, it was considered as an invasive alien species in Croatia. According to the references provided from professional literature, the previously mentioned tree species does not currently do any serious damage to the autochthonous vegetation. Ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) is a sparsely distributed woody species in urban landscape surfaces of Knin, as a solitary tree, in tree lines or in groups of trees. Moreover, using the observation method concerning maintenance and care of A. negundo on landscape surfaces, it was noted that more attention needs to be paid to the formation of the tree top. These trees have not been found outside the urban landscapes. The survey research was conducted in the second half of 2017 on a sample comprising of 50 respondents originating from the city of Knin and its outskirts. Based on the findings of the survey research the respondents gave very good grades to ornamental characteristics and the comfort of the presence of A. negundo on the landscape surfaces of Knin. The role of the previously mentioned tree species received slightly lower grades in bee-keeping, forest meliorations and urban forestry. A considerable number of those surveyed was unaware of the fact that A. negundo is a highly invasive tree species.

Este trabajo investiga las interrelaciones entre la regulación y los aspectos
económicos y ambientales en una comunidad de agricultores
familiares en la región conocida como Zona da Mata Mineira, en el
estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. El estudio es producto de una actividad
de extensión realizada entre 2016 y 2018, y tuvo como objetivo
asesorar a los pequeños productores en el proceso de adecuación legal
de la producción. Durante este período se realizaron cerca de cinco
reuniones entre investigadores y comuneros, en las que se analizaron
las dificultades encontradas por los pequeños productores en relación
con el referido proceso. Las experiencias reportadas fueron confrontadas
con el régimen legal regulatorio para la actividad acuícola en
Brasil, tomando como categorías de análisis los atributos de normatividad
y facticidad del sistema legal. Se concluyó que la regulación
ambiental en el área de la acuicultura en Brasil, diseñada para grandes
productores, carga de manera desproporcionada a los pequeños productores,
generando un desequilibrio económico injustificado. Como
aporte a la teoría, se propone, en definitiva, la formulación de un concepto
de regulación jurídica inclusiva, cuyos rasgos distintivos incluyen
la participación social y la promoción de la alfabetización jurídica
como derecho fundamental.

This work investigates the interrelations between regulation, economic
and environmental aspects in a community of family farmers in
the region known as Zona da Mata Mineira, in the Brazilian state
of Minas Gerais. The study is the product of an regular university
extension activity carried out between 2016 and 2018, and its objective
was to advise small producers in the process of legalization of
their production. During this period, about five meetings were held
between researchers and community members, in which the difficulties
encountered by small producers in relation to the referred process
were analyzed. The reported experiences were confronted with the
legal regulatory regime for aquaculture activity in Brazil, taking as categories of analysis the attributes of normativity and factuality of the legal system. It was concluded that the environmental regulation in aquaculture in Brazil, designed for large producers, disproportionately burdens small producers, generating an unjustified economic imbalance. As a contribution to the theory, the formulation of an inclusive
legal regulation concept is proposed, whose distinctive features
include social participation and the promotion of legal literacy as
a fundamental right.