Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation ... more Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation period (April-November) were analysed in Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS). Different extraction methods were compared: infusion or decoction with water or aqueous methanol. The highest significant value for TP was measured in the case of infusion at 90 °C for 5 min, which lead to the highest value for AC. During the vegetation period the highest values of TP were measured in April and May in the case of PAA (409.5; 314.9 and 258.7; 119.0 µg GA/ml) and PH (388.4; 411.6 and 252.9; 253.3 µg GA/ml). There was a clear trend in the changes of TP, with high values in April and November and a peak during August-September. Similar to TP, the highest values of AC were measured in April and May in PH (519.7; 566.3 and 513.5; 510.4 µg AA/ml) and PAA (534.5; 337.8 and 394.9; 275.4 µg AA/ml). We compared the change of TP in all taxa with stress index values derived from daily maximum and minimum air temperature, cumulative precipitation plus irrigation and cumulative evapotranspiration values. A close correlation R 2 = 0.32 (p=0.001) was found between stress index values and the change in TP of all taxa. The correlation is even closer R 2 = 0.52 (p=0.001) with PF, PH and PSS. Our results with PAA can be explained by possible inter/intra-specific differences in freeze tolerance and cold-acclimation.
our reiearch Was canied out to determine tbe antiaxidant capaeÍty, tota| Dhenolics content and nu... more our reiearch Was canied out to determine tbe antiaxidant capaeÍty, tota| Dhenolics content and nutient element contents in the fruits of tig (Ficus eaica L ) 'oroum in Hunqary as well as in dried fruits conmercially available in the Hungaian 'mafuet h nÉ siudy, the possibilry of fig cuftivation Was investÍgated. The climate chanainq of the carpathian Basin may favour an íncrease in the cultivation of this soecÉs-a// around this reqion our resu/Ís sl,ow that fig fruits are naturally ich iources of minerats pafticilarty as concems elemeűts K, Mg, Ca, Na, anc P' ln addition, We faund a high anthxidant capacity, especially in died figs. Thís might be due to a relatively géntle way ol processing by pÍeseNing the heat sensitjve compounds and a resuftant incrcase in lhe dry mass, Our study demanstrated that fig ;ight be considered as a perspective fruit With putative applicati()n under specÍal diet re]uirements by ptoúding high anaunts of polyphenols and nutrient elenents'
A two-year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irriga... more A two-year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irrigation and seasonal variation on the yield parameters and main bioactive components, carotenoids (mainly all trans, cis lycopene, and β-carotene), polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, naringin, etc.), and tocopherols of processing Strombolino F1 cherry tomatoes. The irrigated plants (STI) gave a higher marketable yield (61% and 101% respectively), and rain fed plants showed a yield loss. Water supply had a strong positive (R2=0.98) effect on marketable yield in 2011, but weak (R2=0.69) in 2010. In both years, the antioxidant concentration (all carotenoids, total polyphenols, tocopherols) showed a decrease with irrigation. Water supply affected the composition of carotenoids to a considerable extent. The optimum water supply treatment gave a lower proportion of lycopene than the rain fed control (STC) treatment. We observed significant negative correlation between rutin concentration and irrigation. The α-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher in STC treatments. Irrigation negatively influenced antioxidant concentrations of cherry tomato fruits, but higher yield could account for the concentration loss of individual fruits by higher antioxidant production per unit area.
Takecallis arundinariae (Essig 1917) is a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna was collected ... more Takecallis arundinariae (Essig 1917) is a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna was collected from Phyllostachys iridescens (C. Y. Yao and S. Y. Chen 1980) bamboo species. All adult specimens collected in October and November were alatae or L3–L4 nymphs bearing wing initiatives. Takecallis arundinariae is a medium-sized pale yellow aphid with a series of imbricate, conspicuous, elongate dark spots on the abdominal tergites, antennae are longer than body. Takecallis taiwanus (Takahashi 1926) nymphs were present on P. iridescens, in Debrecen on the beginning of June. By mid June the nymphs developed alatae. T. taiwanus is medium-sized green aphid. Nymphs are dark green with rows of black spines. Alatae bear on abdominal tergites I–II pair of larger imbricated tubercles with setae. Tubercles on abdominal tergites III–IV are smaller. From tergite V and on the following segments tubercles are small, inconspicuous, but pair of setae is present.
Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation ... more Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation period (April-November) were analysed in Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS). Different extraction methods were compared: infusion or decoction with water or aqueous methanol. The highest significant value for TP was measured in the case of infusion at 90 °C for 5 min, which lead to the highest value for AC. During the vegetation period the highest values of TP were measured in April and May in the case of PAA (409.5; 314.9 and 258.7; 119.0 µg GA/ml) and PH (388.4; 411.6 and 252.9; 253.3 µg GA/ml). There was a clear trend in the changes of TP, with high values in April and November and a peak during August-September. Similar to TP, the highest values of AC were measured in April and May in PH (519.7; 566.3 and 513.5; 510.4 µg AA/ml) and PAA (534.5; 337.8 and 394.9; 275.4 µg AA/ml). We compared the change of TP in all taxa with stress index values derived from daily maximum and minimum air temperature, cumulative precipitation plus irrigation and cumulative evapotranspiration values. A close correlation R 2 = 0.32 (p=0.001) was found between stress index values and the change in TP of all taxa. The correlation is even closer R 2 = 0.52 (p=0.001) with PF, PH and PSS. Our results with PAA can be explained by possible inter/intra-specific differences in freeze tolerance and cold-acclimation.
Atwo-year(2010and2011)openfieldexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectofdripirrigationandseasonalv... more Atwo-year(2010and2011)openfieldexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectofdripirrigationandseasonalvariationontheyield parametersandmainbioactivecomponents,carotenoids(mainlyalltrans,cislycopene,and -carotene),polyphenols(chlorogenic acid,caffeicacid,gallicacid,quercetin,rutin,naringin,etc.),andtocopherolsofprocessingStrombolinoF1cherrytomatoes.The irrigatedplants(STI)gaveahighermarketableyield(61%and101%respectively),andrainfedplantsshowedayieldloss.Water supplyhadastrongpositive(R 2 =0.98)effectonmarketableyieldin2011,butweak(R 2 =0.69)in2010.Inbothyears,theantioxidant concentration(allcarotenoids,totalpolyphenols,tocopherols)showedadecreasewithirrigation.Watersupplyaffectedthecomposition ofcarotenoidstoaconsiderableextent.Theoptimumwatersupplytreatmentgavealowerproportionoflycopenethantherainfed control(STC)treatment.Weobservedsignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenrutinconcentrationandirrigation.The -tocopherol concentrationwassignificantlyhigherinSTCtreatments.Irrigationnegativelyinfluencedantioxidantconcentrationsofcherrytomato fruits, but higher yield could account for the concentration loss of individual fruits by higher antioxidant production per unit area.
A two-year open field experiment was carried out to study the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (... more A two-year open field experiment was carried out to study the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogensupply on fruit components of tomato. Korall determinate growth type processing tomato cultivar plants were planted and cultivated for the entire growing season in open top chambers (OTC) in years 2007 and 2008. Compared with the control (350 ppm) CO 2 enrichment (700 ppm) significantly decreased the lycopene content at all three harvest dates in both years, but higher supply of nitrogen and 700 ppm CO 2 resulted in significantly higher lycopene values in second year. Elevated nitrogen concentration combined with 700 ppm CO 2 significantly increased the °Brix, sugar content, total phenolics, and total antioxidant status (TAS) of tomato fruits.
Tomato is one of the most extensively cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Water supply i... more Tomato is one of the most extensively cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Water supply is important for yield quantity and quality. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the canopy temperature and the yield on processing tomato substances with different water supply. There were two treatments, one of them was the irrigated plant material which got 333 mm water, including the precipitation and the other was the cut off substance which means the watering was stopped at the beginning of the ripening process, there was a control as well which got 189 mm precipitation. The canopy temperature was measured row by row with a Raytek MX 4 type infrared thermometer. The stomatal conductance was measured by AP4 type porometer. There were significant differences between the control and irrigated plants according to the water supply which was formulated the canopy values. The plants with a deficient water supply were decreased the transpiration rate, therefore its cooling effect didn't show up. The permanently irrigated tomato plants' yield exceeded the unirrigated ones with almost 50%. It is emerged from the study that the irrigation has a positive effect on the amount of the harvestable yield. It's came from the regression analysis that over a specific amount of water (285 mm), the ripened yield is affected negatively.
Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid conte... more Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid content is a new perspective in improving tomato product quality. A three year (2010-2012) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different water supply on the yield components (yield, fruit number per ha, average fruit weight and °Brix) of 'Strombolino' F 1 , cherry type processing tomato. The seasonal effect of the three years was significant, because the precipitation totals were different in all three years. Calculated optimum water supply (WSO) was compared to a rainfed control (WSC). The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher marketable yield, by 116, 205 and 522% respectively compared to rainfed plants. We observed a strong positive correlation between the water supply and total marketable yield (R 2 = 0.45). Increasing water supply increases fruit yield but reduces the ratio of healthy fruits. Indeterminate cherry type processing tomato are more respo...
During the vine ripening of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the change in antioxidant co... more During the vine ripening of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the change in antioxidant content and color was studied under two different solar exposures. An experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009 to determine how color evolution, surface temperature, and antioxidant content of tomato fruits were influenced by fruit position and exposure on trellised tomato plants. Trellised rows were oriented so that non-shaded fruits were subjected to full solar irradiation from 0900 HR to 1600 HR, whereas shaded fruits were completely shaded during the same time period. A significant difference (P = 0.001) between fruit surface temperatures of shaded or non-shaded fruits was observed. The more direct solar irradiation the fruits were exposed to, the higher the fruit surface temperatures increased. At 1400 HR, only the average temperature of non-shaded fruits was significantly higher (7.0 and 9.3 degrees C in 2008 and 2009, respectively) than the air temperature. At the end of the ripe...
Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid conte... more Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid content is a new perspective in improving tomato product quality. A two year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different water supply on the yield components (yield, fruit number per hectare, average fruit weight) of Strombolino F 1 , cherry type processing tomato. The seasonal effect of the two years was significant, because the precipitation totals were 410 and 159 mm in 2010 and 2011 respectively, and distribution was uneven during the vegetation period. Optimum water supply calculated from the potential evapo-transpiration provided by regularly irrigation was compared to a rainfed control. The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher marketable yield, by 33 and 139% in 2010 and 2011 respectively compared to rainfed plants. The harvested fruit number per hectare showed a close positive correlation (R 2 =0.91) with marketable yield and a lower wi...
Two experiments were carried out in 2010 to determine how cultivation period/ harvest season, pla... more Two experiments were carried out in 2010 to determine how cultivation period/ harvest season, plant water status/irrigated, or rainfed and foliar sulfur supplementation influences the yield, sulforaphane, phenolics content, and polyphenol composition of broccoli cultivar Parthenon. Yield was significantly higher in the fall harvests. Foliar sulfur treatment induced earliness in irrigated broccoli in the fall harvest season of main florets by 44%. Sulforaphane content was higher in the fall harvests regardless of treatments. Harvest season also influenced total polyphenol content with the highest values measured in the spring season. Sulfur treatment in combination with irrigation increased total polyphenol content by 24% in spring and this change was statistically significant. Harvest season also affected trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values with the highest values (4.3 mmol · kg L1 ) also measured in spring. In the irrigated treatment alone or irrigated treatment combined with sulfur treatment, spring season values were higher by 24% and 11%, respectively, compared with fall values and the difference between treatments was significant. Caffeic acid glucoside was one of the major phenolic components in both spring and fall season harvests, whereas ferulic acid glucoside could only be detected in spring florets. From the measured phenolic components, gallic acid content was the only one that was significantly raised by foliar sulfur supplementation in both spring and fall harvests in irrigated or rainfed treatments. Maximum gallic acid values (7.1 to 7.2 mg · kg L1 ) occurred in the irrigated combined with foliar sulfur treatment of the fall harvest in side and main florets, respectively. The season, irrigation, and foliar sulfur supplementation were related changes in other phenolic component contents and are also described in detail.
Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllo... more Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllostachys aureosulcata (PA), P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. iridescens (PI), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. violascens (PVI), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), collected on four harvest dates. Both TP and AC were determined following three processing methods, fresh, boiled and pickled in shoots of PF. Comparative study of TP and AC in the above Phyllostachys species shoots has not been reported before. The highest TP (1,227.6 μg GA/ml) and AC (154.0 μg AA/ml) values were measured in fresh shoots and the lowest in pickled ones. The highest values of TP were measured in the case of PA (1,321.95 μg GA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PF, PVI, PI, PAA, PB, PAS, PNN, PNH, PM, P...
Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation ... more Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation period (April-November) were analysed in Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS). Different extraction methods were compared: infusion or decoction with water or aqueous methanol. The highest significant value for TP was measured in the case of infusion at 90 °C for 5 min, which lead to the highest value for AC. During the vegetation period the highest values of TP were measured in April and May in the case of PAA (409.5; 314.9 and 258.7; 119.0 µg GA/ml) and PH (388.4; 411.6 and 252.9; 253.3 µg GA/ml). There was a clear trend in the changes of TP, with high values in April and November and a peak during August-September. Similar to TP, the highest values of AC were measured in April and May in PH (519.7; 566.3 and 513.5; 510.4 µg AA/ml) and PAA (534.5; 337.8 and 394.9; 275.4 µg AA/ml). We compared the change of TP in all taxa with stress index values derived from daily maximum and minimum air temperature, cumulative precipitation plus irrigation and cumulative evapotranspiration values. A close correlation R 2 = 0.32 (p=0.001) was found between stress index values and the change in TP of all taxa. The correlation is even closer R 2 = 0.52 (p=0.001) with PF, PH and PSS. Our results with PAA can be explained by possible inter/intra-specific differences in freeze tolerance and cold-acclimation.
our reiearch Was canied out to determine tbe antiaxidant capaeÍty, tota| Dhenolics content and nu... more our reiearch Was canied out to determine tbe antiaxidant capaeÍty, tota| Dhenolics content and nutient element contents in the fruits of tig (Ficus eaica L ) 'oroum in Hunqary as well as in dried fruits conmercially available in the Hungaian 'mafuet h nÉ siudy, the possibilry of fig cuftivation Was investÍgated. The climate chanainq of the carpathian Basin may favour an íncrease in the cultivation of this soecÉs-a// around this reqion our resu/Ís sl,ow that fig fruits are naturally ich iources of minerats pafticilarty as concems elemeűts K, Mg, Ca, Na, anc P' ln addition, We faund a high anthxidant capacity, especially in died figs. Thís might be due to a relatively géntle way ol processing by pÍeseNing the heat sensitjve compounds and a resuftant incrcase in lhe dry mass, Our study demanstrated that fig ;ight be considered as a perspective fruit With putative applicati()n under specÍal diet re]uirements by ptoúding high anaunts of polyphenols and nutrient elenents'
A two-year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irriga... more A two-year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of drip irrigation and seasonal variation on the yield parameters and main bioactive components, carotenoids (mainly all trans, cis lycopene, and β-carotene), polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, naringin, etc.), and tocopherols of processing Strombolino F1 cherry tomatoes. The irrigated plants (STI) gave a higher marketable yield (61% and 101% respectively), and rain fed plants showed a yield loss. Water supply had a strong positive (R2=0.98) effect on marketable yield in 2011, but weak (R2=0.69) in 2010. In both years, the antioxidant concentration (all carotenoids, total polyphenols, tocopherols) showed a decrease with irrigation. Water supply affected the composition of carotenoids to a considerable extent. The optimum water supply treatment gave a lower proportion of lycopene than the rain fed control (STC) treatment. We observed significant negative correlation between rutin concentration and irrigation. The α-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher in STC treatments. Irrigation negatively influenced antioxidant concentrations of cherry tomato fruits, but higher yield could account for the concentration loss of individual fruits by higher antioxidant production per unit area.
Takecallis arundinariae (Essig 1917) is a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna was collected ... more Takecallis arundinariae (Essig 1917) is a new record for the Hungarian aphid fauna was collected from Phyllostachys iridescens (C. Y. Yao and S. Y. Chen 1980) bamboo species. All adult specimens collected in October and November were alatae or L3–L4 nymphs bearing wing initiatives. Takecallis arundinariae is a medium-sized pale yellow aphid with a series of imbricate, conspicuous, elongate dark spots on the abdominal tergites, antennae are longer than body. Takecallis taiwanus (Takahashi 1926) nymphs were present on P. iridescens, in Debrecen on the beginning of June. By mid June the nymphs developed alatae. T. taiwanus is medium-sized green aphid. Nymphs are dark green with rows of black spines. Alatae bear on abdominal tergites I–II pair of larger imbricated tubercles with setae. Tubercles on abdominal tergites III–IV are smaller. From tergite V and on the following segments tubercles are small, inconspicuous, but pair of setae is present.
Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation ... more Changes in total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) during the vegetation period (April-November) were analysed in Phyllostachys aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS). Different extraction methods were compared: infusion or decoction with water or aqueous methanol. The highest significant value for TP was measured in the case of infusion at 90 °C for 5 min, which lead to the highest value for AC. During the vegetation period the highest values of TP were measured in April and May in the case of PAA (409.5; 314.9 and 258.7; 119.0 µg GA/ml) and PH (388.4; 411.6 and 252.9; 253.3 µg GA/ml). There was a clear trend in the changes of TP, with high values in April and November and a peak during August-September. Similar to TP, the highest values of AC were measured in April and May in PH (519.7; 566.3 and 513.5; 510.4 µg AA/ml) and PAA (534.5; 337.8 and 394.9; 275.4 µg AA/ml). We compared the change of TP in all taxa with stress index values derived from daily maximum and minimum air temperature, cumulative precipitation plus irrigation and cumulative evapotranspiration values. A close correlation R 2 = 0.32 (p=0.001) was found between stress index values and the change in TP of all taxa. The correlation is even closer R 2 = 0.52 (p=0.001) with PF, PH and PSS. Our results with PAA can be explained by possible inter/intra-specific differences in freeze tolerance and cold-acclimation.
Atwo-year(2010and2011)openfieldexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectofdripirrigationandseasonalv... more Atwo-year(2010and2011)openfieldexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectofdripirrigationandseasonalvariationontheyield parametersandmainbioactivecomponents,carotenoids(mainlyalltrans,cislycopene,and -carotene),polyphenols(chlorogenic acid,caffeicacid,gallicacid,quercetin,rutin,naringin,etc.),andtocopherolsofprocessingStrombolinoF1cherrytomatoes.The irrigatedplants(STI)gaveahighermarketableyield(61%and101%respectively),andrainfedplantsshowedayieldloss.Water supplyhadastrongpositive(R 2 =0.98)effectonmarketableyieldin2011,butweak(R 2 =0.69)in2010.Inbothyears,theantioxidant concentration(allcarotenoids,totalpolyphenols,tocopherols)showedadecreasewithirrigation.Watersupplyaffectedthecomposition ofcarotenoidstoaconsiderableextent.Theoptimumwatersupplytreatmentgavealowerproportionoflycopenethantherainfed control(STC)treatment.Weobservedsignificantnegativecorrelationbetweenrutinconcentrationandirrigation.The -tocopherol concentrationwassignificantlyhigherinSTCtreatments.Irrigationnegativelyinfluencedantioxidantconcentrationsofcherrytomato fruits, but higher yield could account for the concentration loss of individual fruits by higher antioxidant production per unit area.
A two-year open field experiment was carried out to study the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (... more A two-year open field experiment was carried out to study the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogensupply on fruit components of tomato. Korall determinate growth type processing tomato cultivar plants were planted and cultivated for the entire growing season in open top chambers (OTC) in years 2007 and 2008. Compared with the control (350 ppm) CO 2 enrichment (700 ppm) significantly decreased the lycopene content at all three harvest dates in both years, but higher supply of nitrogen and 700 ppm CO 2 resulted in significantly higher lycopene values in second year. Elevated nitrogen concentration combined with 700 ppm CO 2 significantly increased the °Brix, sugar content, total phenolics, and total antioxidant status (TAS) of tomato fruits.
Tomato is one of the most extensively cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Water supply i... more Tomato is one of the most extensively cultivated horticultural crops in the world. Water supply is important for yield quantity and quality. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the canopy temperature and the yield on processing tomato substances with different water supply. There were two treatments, one of them was the irrigated plant material which got 333 mm water, including the precipitation and the other was the cut off substance which means the watering was stopped at the beginning of the ripening process, there was a control as well which got 189 mm precipitation. The canopy temperature was measured row by row with a Raytek MX 4 type infrared thermometer. The stomatal conductance was measured by AP4 type porometer. There were significant differences between the control and irrigated plants according to the water supply which was formulated the canopy values. The plants with a deficient water supply were decreased the transpiration rate, therefore its cooling effect didn't show up. The permanently irrigated tomato plants' yield exceeded the unirrigated ones with almost 50%. It is emerged from the study that the irrigation has a positive effect on the amount of the harvestable yield. It's came from the regression analysis that over a specific amount of water (285 mm), the ripened yield is affected negatively.
Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid conte... more Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid content is a new perspective in improving tomato product quality. A three year (2010-2012) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different water supply on the yield components (yield, fruit number per ha, average fruit weight and °Brix) of 'Strombolino' F 1 , cherry type processing tomato. The seasonal effect of the three years was significant, because the precipitation totals were different in all three years. Calculated optimum water supply (WSO) was compared to a rainfed control (WSC). The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher marketable yield, by 116, 205 and 522% respectively compared to rainfed plants. We observed a strong positive correlation between the water supply and total marketable yield (R 2 = 0.45). Increasing water supply increases fruit yield but reduces the ratio of healthy fruits. Indeterminate cherry type processing tomato are more respo...
During the vine ripening of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the change in antioxidant co... more During the vine ripening of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the change in antioxidant content and color was studied under two different solar exposures. An experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009 to determine how color evolution, surface temperature, and antioxidant content of tomato fruits were influenced by fruit position and exposure on trellised tomato plants. Trellised rows were oriented so that non-shaded fruits were subjected to full solar irradiation from 0900 HR to 1600 HR, whereas shaded fruits were completely shaded during the same time period. A significant difference (P = 0.001) between fruit surface temperatures of shaded or non-shaded fruits was observed. The more direct solar irradiation the fruits were exposed to, the higher the fruit surface temperatures increased. At 1400 HR, only the average temperature of non-shaded fruits was significantly higher (7.0 and 9.3 degrees C in 2008 and 2009, respectively) than the air temperature. At the end of the ripe...
Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid conte... more Cherry type tomato for processing with determinate growth habit and increased soluble solid content is a new perspective in improving tomato product quality. A two year (2010 and 2011) open field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different water supply on the yield components (yield, fruit number per hectare, average fruit weight) of Strombolino F 1 , cherry type processing tomato. The seasonal effect of the two years was significant, because the precipitation totals were 410 and 159 mm in 2010 and 2011 respectively, and distribution was uneven during the vegetation period. Optimum water supply calculated from the potential evapo-transpiration provided by regularly irrigation was compared to a rainfed control. The irrigated plants gave a significantly higher marketable yield, by 33 and 139% in 2010 and 2011 respectively compared to rainfed plants. The harvested fruit number per hectare showed a close positive correlation (R 2 =0.91) with marketable yield and a lower wi...
Two experiments were carried out in 2010 to determine how cultivation period/ harvest season, pla... more Two experiments were carried out in 2010 to determine how cultivation period/ harvest season, plant water status/irrigated, or rainfed and foliar sulfur supplementation influences the yield, sulforaphane, phenolics content, and polyphenol composition of broccoli cultivar Parthenon. Yield was significantly higher in the fall harvests. Foliar sulfur treatment induced earliness in irrigated broccoli in the fall harvest season of main florets by 44%. Sulforaphane content was higher in the fall harvests regardless of treatments. Harvest season also influenced total polyphenol content with the highest values measured in the spring season. Sulfur treatment in combination with irrigation increased total polyphenol content by 24% in spring and this change was statistically significant. Harvest season also affected trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values with the highest values (4.3 mmol · kg L1 ) also measured in spring. In the irrigated treatment alone or irrigated treatment combined with sulfur treatment, spring season values were higher by 24% and 11%, respectively, compared with fall values and the difference between treatments was significant. Caffeic acid glucoside was one of the major phenolic components in both spring and fall season harvests, whereas ferulic acid glucoside could only be detected in spring florets. From the measured phenolic components, gallic acid content was the only one that was significantly raised by foliar sulfur supplementation in both spring and fall harvests in irrigated or rainfed treatments. Maximum gallic acid values (7.1 to 7.2 mg · kg L1 ) occurred in the irrigated combined with foliar sulfur treatment of the fall harvest in side and main florets, respectively. The season, irrigation, and foliar sulfur supplementation were related changes in other phenolic component contents and are also described in detail.
Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllo... more Total phenolic content (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (AC) were analysed in shoots of Phyllostachys aureosulcata (PA), P aureosulcata f. aureocaulis (PAA), P. aureosulcata f. spectabilis (PAS), P. bissetii (PB), P. flexuosa (PF), P. humilis (PH), P. iridescens (PI), P. nigra var. nigra (PNN), P. nigra var. henonis (PNH), P. mannii (PM), P. sulphurea var. sulphurea (PSS), P. violascens (PVI), P. viridiglaucescens (PVG), P. vivax f. aureocaulis (PVA), collected on four harvest dates. Both TP and AC were determined following three processing methods, fresh, boiled and pickled in shoots of PF. Comparative study of TP and AC in the above Phyllostachys species shoots has not been reported before. The highest TP (1,227.6 μg GA/ml) and AC (154.0 μg AA/ml) values were measured in fresh shoots and the lowest in pickled ones. The highest values of TP were measured in the case of PA (1,321.95 μg GA/ml). The other taxa followed in decreasing order: PF, PVI, PI, PAA, PB, PAS, PNN, PNH, PM, P...
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