Organizational Structures

Formal and informal organization structure have been described as “opposing poles of a duality”—one which has yet to be fully resolved. The aim of this paper is to detail an approach to treating both structures in a comparable way, an approach that explicitly recognizes core and underlying commonalties. Two distinct  analytical strategies are employed to this end. The first involves a detailed comparison and contrast of selected and relevant structural dimensions drawn from the two research streams. The second strategy involves the application of these dimensions to the study of network graphs of both the formal and informal structures of the same organization at the same point in time.

Project-based organisations (PBO) refer to a variety of organisational forms that involve the creation of temporary systems for the performance of project tasks. Recently, project-based organisations have received increasing attention in recent years as an emerging organisational form.

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative-leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

Purpose -This paper aims to peruse theories and practices of agile and lean manufacturing systems to determine whether they employ sustainability, complexity and organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach -The critical review of the comparative operational similarities and difference of the two systems was conducted while the new views and issues of emerging vital scenarios were analyzed in detail. Findings -In spite of their differences, the two systems of agile and lean manufacturing can co-exist in one system. The concepts of sustainability, complexity and organizational learning for agile and lean systems highlight outputs of differences in the output of operationalization but there can be substantial alignment in the input of intentions. The two excel at the three areas of consideration. Practical implications -The organizations of today must consider the applicability of designing both agile and lean systems within one organization for the purposes of achieving fast response time, high levels of productivity and better efficiency. Originality/value -The paper defines the relationship between agile and lean systems.

Ce manuel de Développement économique local (DEL) a été rédigé par l'équipe Développement économique local qui fait partie du service Développement urbain de la Banque mondiale. La méthodologie a été élaborée par Gwen Swinburn, spécialiste principale en développement urbain. Le document a été rédigé par Gwen Swinburn et Fergus Murphy, consultant, avec des contributions de Soraya Goga, jeune professionnelle, Kate Kuper, spécialiste principale en développement urbain et André Herzog, consultant. Les informations utilisées dans ce manuel ont été tirées, avec les autorisations voulues, de Local Economic Development: Good Practice from the European Union et Beyond (2000), un document non publié rédigé par Gwen Swinburn pour le service du Développement urbain de la Banque mondiale. Le présent manuel et la méthodologie ont bénéficié d'une révision par des pairs qui a été assurée par un ensemble de praticiens et d'universitaires du monde entier, que nous remerciions ici chaleureusement. Si cous souhaitez faire des commentaires sur l'utilité du présent Manuel ou suggérer des informations supplémentaires ou des études de cas, veillez contacter la Banque mondiale à l'une des adresses suivantes :

Since 2010 Burger King’s global strategy has been to rapidly expand by growing in existing markets and entering new ones. Their aim is to grow by 1000 restaurants every year which they have done successfully from 2011 onwards. The purpose of this report is to analyse the market potential of Estonia and determine the strategy to implement this.

The research focuses on the current structure of the company with using the data to answer the question if Burger King is ready for entering the Estonian market. After finding it to be true, the analysis looks at market trends and competitors to estimate the future growth and position. The report finds the competition to be convenient for Burger King’s expansion in the market but extracts key areas to focus in order to be successful. It is also noted that the most probable way to enter the market is by franchising. This model has been the key for the rapid growth Burger King has enjoyed since 2011 and will continue to be so. It is estimated that profits are reached on the second year and while the centre of the report is on Estonian market, the success will determine the potential of other Baltic states as well.

In this paper we present an empirical analysis to test whether organisation configurations and management accounting systems change simultaneously. Using the original application of the fuzzy logic methodology, we analyse the level of development and implementation of the management accounting system and the organisational configuration on a sample of 501 Italian firms. Even though we employ a cross-sectional approach, the results may be interpreted according to the life cycle model. Our findings show that the evolution of the organisational configurations is not always coherent with the relevance assumed by management accounting systems. In particular, we find a large group of companies with a simple organisational configuration and a well-developed management accounting system. We interpret the presence of this cluster dynamically as an intermediate stage of growth towards more complex forms of organisation.

Objective – The purpose of this research is to test and find empirical evidences on the effect of leadership and organization structure in the quality of accounting information system. Methodology/Technique – The analytical units used in this research are state-owned enterprises enlisted in Bandung. The total samples are 49 respondents worked for state-owned enterprises in Bandung. Sample selection is done using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis in this study is tested by using multiple linear regression. Findings – There are two variables that significantly influence quality of accounting information system. These are leadership and organizational structure. Novelty – The study looked at the effect of leadership and organizational structure that significantly influence quality of accounting information system.

Purpose-This research aims at investigating the role of certain factors in organizational culture in the success of knowledge sharing. Such factors as interpersonal trust, communication between staff, information systems, rewards and organization structure play an important role in defining the relationships between staff and in turn, providing possibilities to break obstacles to knowledge sharing. This research is intended to contribute in helping businesses understand the essential role of organizational culture in nourishing knowledge and spreading it in order to become leaders in utilizing their know-how and enjoying prosperity thereafter. Design/methodology/approach-The conclusions of this study are based on interpreting the results of a survey and a number of interviews with staff from various organizations in Bahrain from the public and private sectors. Findings-The research findings indicate that trust, communication, information systems, rewards and organization structure are positively related to knowledge sharing in organizations. Research limitations/implications-The authors believe that further research is required to address governmental sector institutions, where organizational politics dominate a role in hoarding knowledge, through such methods as case studies and observation. Originality/value-Previous research indicated that the Bahraini society is influenced by traditions of household, tribe, and especially religion of the Arab and Islamic world. These factors define people's beliefs and behaviours, and thus exercise strong influence in the performance of business organizations. This study is motivated by the desire to explore the role of the national organizational culture on knowledge sharing, which may be different from previous studies conducted abroad.

as a new organizational form of resources integration in the new economic era, modular organization plays a pioneering role for enterprises in achieving great-leap-forward development. Under this circumstance, the researches on modular organization theory are increasingly booming. However, most existing researches just touch upon the surface of modular organization; few studies involve the internal parts of modular organization, especially the internal structure of modular organization. Therefore, based on the characteristics of modular organization and from the angle of traditional organizational theory, this paper starts with the existing research results of modular organization, puts forward the specific method of internal structural design of modular organization, and is committed to researching the internal structure of modular organization to deepen the theory of modular organization and enhance the practical significance of modular organization.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relation between organizational structure and entrepreneurship in Kurdistan province's sport and youth offices. The research method applied in this study is a descriptive-correlative method and furthermore, the study is considered as an applied research. This study elaborates on the relationship between organizational structure and entrepreneurship in Kurdistan province's sport and youth offices and the required data are performed through field studies. The population of the study includes the entire experts, managers, authorities and associates of Kurdistan province's sport and youth offices. Data collection instruments include Stephan and Robin's organizational structure questionnaire plus Lurch's organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics including tables, dispersion index, K-S test, Pearson's correlation coefficient test and linear regression have been used. Results manifested that a significant negative relation exists between organizational structure and its dimensions and entrepreneurship in sport and youth offices of Kurdistan Province. In addition, it was revealed that organizational structure and the component of formality are able to anticipate entrepreneurship.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to review and structure the literature on the integration between marketing and supply chain management (SCM) and to contribute to the body of knowledge by developing a framework for integrating marketing and supply chain strategies. Design/methodology/approach -The paper draws its insights and conclusions from a review of the literature in both fields, marketing and SCM, followed by an interaction research approach which helped to refine and validate the theory-derived framework from the perspective of practitioners. Findings -In the existing body of literature on marketing and SCM integration, three perspectives can be differentiated: the interfunctional perspective, the process perspective and the perspective of integrated business concepts. The proposed framework builds on these perspectives and moves them onto a strategic level. Integrating marketing and supply chain strategies involves the management of four integration levels: corporate integration; strategic customer integration; strategic supplier integration and marketing and supply pipeline strategy integration. Practical implications -The proposed framework points managers at the managerial issues of marketing and supply chain strategy integration and illustrates the need for an interaction approach which challenges the traditional view of marketing in the demand creation and SCM in the demand fulfilment role. Originality/value -Marketing and SCM integration is a topic which has received considerable interest in both fields for the last 30 years. Despite the notion that a close integration can contribute to the company and even supply chain success, no contribution to date addresses the integration from a strategy perspective. This paper leverages existing knowledge and advances our understanding of the strategic integration issues companies are facing in today's supply chain network-based competition.

Where text appears in the margin of a page, this is meant to highlight a specific issue that is of particular relevance to LED strategic planning. For the sake of consistency, this LED Primer will refer to municipal government and municipality as the institutional level of local government with responsibility for LED strategic planning. This Primer is suitable however for a wide range of organizations seeking to develop a capacity for, and understanding of, local economic development strategic planning, including national, regional and city governments, local authorities, town councils, city hall, local government departments and public-private partnerships. This list is not exhaustive. Disclaimer The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations, members of its Board of Executive Directors, the governments they represent, or the Bertelsmann Foundation. The World Bank and the Bertelsmann Foundation do not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained in the document nor do they accept responsibility for any consequences of its use.

SUMMARY emerging, growing, and mature industries. Strategic posture was conceptualized as a firm's placement along the conservative-entrepreneurial continuum. Structural form was conceptualized as a firm's placement along the organic-mechanistic continuum. Managers' ratings on severaljnancial per$ormance criteria were used to assess new venture petiormance.

This paper examines the organizational structure and operations of Taiwanese organized crime and youth gangs in Southern California. In-depth interviews were used as the principle method of research. In contrast to transnational criminal conspiracy claims and the La Cosa Nostra model of vertically integrated organizations, our findings suggest that these criminal groups consist of discrete local Taiwanese youth gangs which operate as largely independent economic units that show no substantive and operational ties to criminal organizations in Taiwan. The formation of Taiwanese criminal organizations and gangs in Southern California is primarily governed by the availability of financial opportunities. Furthermore, both the inter-gang relations and intra-gang structures exhibit a distinct form of contractor arrangement which consists of market-like weak ties that are simultaneously circumscribed by the criminal embeddedness. We argue that that these economic weak ties, which seem to render conventionally understood criminal organizational boundaries administratively less meaningful, still function as an operationally significant governance mechanism of the organizational structures of American Taiwanese youth gangs. In addition, the paper discusses the implications that the embeddedness has on the somewhat paradoxical and incoherent organizational structure.

Objective-The purpose of this research is to test and find empirical evidences on the effect of leadership and organization structure in the quality of accounting information system. Methodology/Technique-The analytical units used in this research are state-owned enterprises enlisted in Bandung. The total samples are 49 respondents worked for state-owned enterprises in Bandung. Sample selection is done using purposive sampling method. The hypothesis in this study is tested by using multiple linear regression. Findings-There are two variables that significantly influence quality of accounting information system. These are leadership and organizational structure. Novelty-The study looked at the effect of leadership and organizational structure that significantly influence quality of accounting information system. Type of Paper: Empirical.

Objective –The aim of paper is to investigate whether traditional management, is the Islamic boarding school has implemented the Islamic Corporate Governance Methodology/Technique – This research is a qualitative study using case study. Key Informant in this research is the General Secretary of Bahrul Ulum Foundation. The analysis technique used is the technique belong to Yin (2009) that divides three techniques for the analysis of case studies: the pairing pattern analysis techniques, the technique of making the explanation, the time series analysis technique. Findings – The findings indicate that in its implementation, corporate governance at Islamic boarding school based on the value of Tawhid. Furthermore, principle of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness being the corporate governance principles at an Islamic boarding school. Research Implications: This study uses only one boarding school. Future studies are expected to examine more than one boarding school to obtain mixed results. Novelty – Based on the finding, the study suggests the ICG formulation will be found appropriate for every boarding school in Indonesia.

Office is a designation for a place used for commerce or a company that is run on a regular basis. In the office there is a structure that can help anticipate and clarify the duties and authorities of each individual in it for errors in the implementation of tasks as well as equality in the distribution of rights and obligations, which is called the structure. The organizational structure can also make it easier for all activities that run within the company to then make all members involved in it more effective and productive (impact on effectiveness and productivity) if implemented properly.

The aim of taking data of Perpani in Ponorogo is caused because there are many weaknesses of the facilities, infrastructures and funding which is required to support an achievements organization's coaching, the athletes and the coachs’ staff of Perpani in Ponorogo was still able to provide a feat in every race that they follow. Even the present achievements reached by the archery athletes are quite encouraging compared to other sports. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to describe the funding of archery achievement, Perpani organizational structure, facilities and infrastructures, and funding that exist in Perpani at Ponorogo regency. The method used is a qualitative descriptive with study subject; coaching achievement of regency at Perpani of Ponorogo. Data Sources in this study are preliminary observations, a document about coaching achievements, and interviews with officials, coaches, and athletes. The analysis of the data has been determined, it can be concluded t...

In this paper we present an empirical analysis to test whether organisation configurations and management accounting systems change simultaneously. Using the original application of the fuzzy logic methodology, we analyse the level of development and implementation of the management accounting system and the organisational configuration on a sample of 501 Italian firms. Even though we employ a cross-sectional approach, the results may be interpreted according to the life cycle model. Our findings show that the evolution of the organisational configurations is not always coherent with the relevance assumed by management accounting systems. In particular, we find a large group of companies with a simple organisational configuration and a well-developed management accounting system. We interpret the presence of this cluster dynamically as an intermediate stage of growth towards more complex forms of organisation.

The semiconductor industry is challenged to sustain the historical rate of exponential growth in product innovation and productivity for as long into the future as possible. If this challenge is to be met, substantial investments in chip-design automation are required to improve design capabilities and to narrow the widening gap between projected increases in device complexity and design productivity. Design for manufacture (DFM) is one potential means to leverage the required investment in design automation. DFM focuses on understanding how the design of a product interacts with the various processes and facilities available to make that product, in order to conceive and refine design alternatives that tend to optimize the product in the context of existing or projected manufacturing capabilities. In this paper, we review the current literature on DFM as applied in other industries and consider the relevance of stateof-the-art DFM principles and tools to improved efficiency and productivity within the semiconductor industry. We observe that, overall, many of the organizational structures for implementing DFM already exist within semiconductor firms and the industry more broadly. Moreover, much of the existing spectrum of layout, modeling, simulation, and analysis tools used for semiconductor device, process, equipment, and factory design can be thought of as components of a de facto system of design for semiconductor manufacturing (DFSM). While recent work aimed specifically at DFSM shows great promise, advances in the development of component design tools are lagging and integration of these tools into a coherent system for DFSM is only emerging. Systems integration of tools which characterize future processes and technologies will be needed in order to posit design rules which are sufficiently robust to allow their incorporation in industrystandard automated design and layout tools. The implications are that there is a need for accelerated improvements in DFSM tools and integration if historical semiconductor productivity growth is to be sustained.

This research introduces a framework for selecting efficient interunit structures in facilitating the transfer of knowledge with different levels of complexity. We argue that while the boundary spanner structure is efficient for transferring discrete knowledge, it is inadequate for transferring collectively held complex knowledge. We propose that the transfer of such knowledge requires a more decentralized interunit structure-collective bridge, which is a set of direct interunit ties connecting the members of the source and the recipient units, with the configuration of the interunit ties matching the complexity of knowledge to be transferred. We suggest that while a collective bridge is inefficient in transferring discrete knowledge relative to a boundary spanner structure, it is more efficient for transferring collective knowledge.

Alienation, which is generally defined as “the decrease in one’s adaptation to the social,
cultural and natural environment; one’s loss of control over his/her surroundings and being
gradually marginalized,” is a theme that has been of utmost importance in almost every
human and social sciences, philosophy and literature for about two hundred years. The main
question of this paper is about the validity of aspects of alienation in today’s highly educated
information workers, which we can call white-collar workers and the strength of the factors
on alienation. The research has been carried out in banking sector which constitutes an
appropriate platform for our research with well educated employees who usually perform
some computer based tasks within generally non-flexible organizational structures.

Purpose -The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing relationships among economic actors interconnected through internet and constituting e-supply networks (e-SNs). Design/methodology/approach -At first the main factors characterizing e-SN pattern are identified (organizational structures, managerial criteria and critical activities), then two separate procedures are adopted for developing an integrated reference framework. The first based on the analysis of correlations among variables influencing the factors under investigation; the second based on the analysis of different types of physical and immaterial flows among actors involved in the e-SN. On the basis of such evidence an integrated global framework is proposed, which is then used to classify and describe some relevant literature-based case studies. Findings -On the basis of two newly introduced variables, namely the internal integration degree and the decision-making concentration degree, the framework identifies four sets of organizational structures, managerial criteria and critical activities, each one coherent with specific environmental contexts.

Purpose -This research aims to investigate the adoption of electronic communication tools and seeks to shed more light on their diffusion process, a challenging task for project-based (PBO) and traditional business organizations (TBO). Design/methodology/approach -The data for the study were collected through three surveys, one total population survey in the Finnish and Swedish house building industries representing traditional business organizations, together with a focused and a total population survey in project-based organizations. Findings -The main findings from the survey indicate a difference in attitude between the employees of TBOs and PBOs. Moreover, electronic document management and scheduling were more prominent among PBOs, because these firms exhibit more inter-organizational communication.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to review and structure the literature on the integration between marketing and supply chain management (SCM) and to contribute to the body of knowledge by developing a framework for integrating marketing and supply chain strategies. Design/methodology/approach-The paper draws its insights and conclusions from a review of the literature in both fields, marketing and SCM, followed by an interaction research approach which helped to refine and validate the theory-derived framework from the perspective of practitioners. Findings-In the existing body of literature on marketing and SCM integration, three perspectives can be differentiated: the interfunctional perspective, the process perspective and the perspective of integrated business concepts. The proposed framework builds on these perspectives and moves them onto a strategic level. Integrating marketing and supply chain strategies involves the management of four integration levels: corporate integration; strategic customer integration; strategic supplier integration and marketing and supply pipeline strategy integration. Practical implications-The proposed framework points managers at the managerial issues of marketing and supply chain strategy integration and illustrates the need for an interaction approach which challenges the traditional view of marketing in the demand creation and SCM in the demand fulfilment role. Originality/value-Marketing and SCM integration is a topic which has received considerable interest in both fields for the last 30 years. Despite the notion that a close integration can contribute to the company and even supply chain success, no contribution to date addresses the integration from a strategy perspective. This paper leverages existing knowledge and advances our understanding of the strategic integration issues companies are facing in today's supply chain network-based competition.

This paper describes a study of the strategic postures, structural forms, EXECUTIVE andperformance levels of new ventures in three d@erent industry settings-SUMMARY emerging, growing, and mature industries. Strategic posture was conceptualized as a firm's placement along the conservative-entrepreneurial continuum. Structural form was conceptualized as a firm's placement along the organic-mechanistic continuum. Managers' ratings on severaljnancial per$ormance criteria were used to assess new venture petiormance. Four hypotheses were tested in this study: HI Strategic posture varies among new ventures in dtfherent industry life cycle stages. New ventures in emerging industries have the most entrepreneurial strategic postures. H2 The correlation between a firm's strategic posture score (i.e., its entrepreneurship level) and its performance is signt&antly more positive for new ventures in emerging industries than it is for new ventures in mature industries. H3 Organization structure varies among new ventures in dtrerent industry life cycle stages. New ventures in emerging industries have the most organic organization structures. H4 The correlation between a firm's organization structure score (i.e., its organic@ level) and its performance is significantly more positive for new ventures in emerging industries than it is for new ventures in mature industries. Data were collectedfrom the senior executives in 90 new ventures. These ventures were classified as existing in either emerging industries (n = 26), growing industries (n = 25), or mature industries (n = 39) according to their scores on a product/industry ltfe cycle measure. Discriminant and correlation analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Consistent with hypotheses I and 3, results indicate that strategic posture and organization structure vary signt&antly over the industry life cycle and that new ventures in emerging industries

Research in the information processing, situated learning, and social network traditions has consistently demonstrated the importance of social networks for acquiring information. However, we know little about how organizational relationships established by a relative position in a formal structure or social relationships established by interpersonal processes influence whom is sought out for various kinds of information. Prior research suggests that people often receive some combination of five benefits when seeking information from other people: 1) solutions; 2) meta-knowledge (pointers to databases or people); 3) problem reformulation; 4) validation of plans or solutions; and 5) legitimation from contact with a respected person. This research builds on that work by assessing the influence of organizational and social structures (such as similarity of job function, hierarchy, task interdependence, physical proximity, influence, trust, friendship, and gender) on receipt of these benefits from other people in a physically distributed organization. Task interdependence is the strongest and most consistent predictor of information seeking. However, social relations also affect the receipt of informational benefits, especially as they become more representational and affective. Implications are suggested for the study of social capital, computer-mediated communication, and organizational learning. Rob Cross he is a Research Manager with the IBM Institute for Knowledge Management, Cambridge, MA, where he directs the social network research program. He is also on faculty at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, as a Professor in the Management Department. To date, he has worked with over 40 companies in applying social network analysis to such organizational issues as merger integration, large-scale change, organizational alignment, initiation of CoP, and leadership development/integration. His current research projects include a series of studies on the role of social networks in knowledge creation and sharing, assessment of the role of trust in knowledge exchange, modeling cultural consensus as a product of social network position, and emerging work on the role of energy in social networks.

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In this paper we present an empirical analysis to test whether organisation configurations and management accounting systems change simultaneously. Using the original application of the fuzzy logic methodology, we analyse the level of development and implementation of the management accounting system and the organisational configuration on a sample of 501 Italian firms. Even though we employ a cross-sectional approach, the results may be interpreted according to the life cycle model. Our findings show that the evolution of the organisational configurations is not always coherent with the relevance assumed by management accounting systems. In particular, we find a large group of companies with a simple organisational configuration and a well-developed management accounting system. We interpret the presence of this cluster dynamically as an intermediate stage of growth towards more complex forms of organisation.

Our specific aim was to paint the widest possible picture of the organizational structures of the most relevant parties in Central and Eastern Europe, and to provide a basis for further comparison between them and their Western European counterparts. We focused specifically on the formal aspects of organizational structures of political parties in CEE, as reflected in their statutory rules. In order to implement our project, we asked scholars from the region to prepare papers on the organizational structures of parliamentary parties in their respective countries, based on the formal statutes of those parties, as well as on the laws that govern their operation. The choice of countries included in the project was based on two inclusive criteria: geographic location, i.e. the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; and political history, i.e. post-communist countries, regardless of whether or not they are democratic. These are: Albania, Belarusa, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. http://www.wuj.pl/page,produkt,prodid,2932,strona,Organizational_Structures_of_Political_Parties_in_Central_and_Eastern_European_Countries,katid,44.html

ABSTRACT Purpose – This paper aims to peruse theories and practices of agile and lean manufacturing systems to determine whether they employ sustainability, complexity and organizational learning. Design/methodology/approach – The critical review of the comparative operational similarities and difference of the two systems was conducted while the new views and issues of emerging vital scenarios were analyzed in detail. Findings – In spite of their differences, the two systems of agile and lean manufacturing can co-exist in one system. The concepts of sustainability, complexity and organizational learning for agile and lean systems highlight outputs of differences in the output of operationalization but there can be substantial alignment in the input of intentions. The two excel at the three areas of consideration. Practical implications – The organizations of today must consider the applicability of designing both agile and lean systems within one organization for the purposes of achieving fast response time, high levels of productivity and better efficiency. Originality/value – The paper defines the relationship between agile and lean systems.

This paper discussed social processes and practices associated with environmental management in project organisations. The focus is on the interplay between structural conditions and managerial agency and its effects. Drawing on a qualitative case study, organizational and social mechanisms that influence the interplay between environmental management and project management have been studied. Findings show the existence of built-in tensions in the relationship between how the environmental work respectively how the project is organized and managed. An effect from these tensions is that organizational units within the corporation, due to isolation, partly strive towards different goals. This way of organizing also restrains the environmental organizations ability to communicate environmental information as well as the project organizations ability to handle environmental issues properly. It is concluded that the way environmental issues are dealt with in construction projects largely...

Continuous and unforeseeable evolution of business rules, processing logics, and organizational structures within enterprises, requires from business process management systems to integrate continuous design. Supporting business process rediscovery based on workflow logs analysis, workflow mining gathers retroactive (re)design techniques necessary to understand business process execution reality. Most of the works in this area focus on the control flow perspective, while very few of them address the organizational aspect. In addition, the used workflow mining techniques suffer from the lack of automation due to the purely syntactic logs. In this paper, we propose an Organizational Ontology (OrO) specifying the organizational model. This ontology is used to semantically annotate log files and establish an organizational knowledge base that will be used to discover relationships between performers in a workflow. Our approach has been implemented within the ProM framework.