Metropolitan Areas

Este capítulo tiene por objetivo analizar el gobierno de la ciudad de México y la gestión que realiza, con el fin de aportar elementos para un estudio comparativo de los distintos sistemas de gobierno metropolitano que existen en la región latinoamericana.
El texto se divide en cuatro secciones. La primera describe el diseño
institucional que tenía el gobierno de la capital mexicana hasta diciembre de 2015; la segunda detalla la forma en que se ha ido conformando ese diseño en el último siglo; la tercera examina los resultados que la gestión de la ciudad ha obtenido en materia de servicios públicos, participación ciudadana y gobernabilidad;
la cuarta y última sección reflexiona sobre la prospectiva de la ciudad de México.

Brasil Metropolitano em foco Desa�ios à implementação do Estatuto da Metrópole Este é o quarto livro publicado pela pesquisa Governança Metropolitana no Brasil, desenvolvida no âmbito da Rede Ipea, por meio de uma articulação institucional que envolve alguns dos mais importantes institutos de pesquisa do país, tais como: Instituto Maranhense de Estudos Socioeconômicos e Cartográ�icos (IMESC), da região metropolitana (RM) da Grande Nas publicações anteriores, a partir de uma avaliação de experiência de quarenta anos de RMs no Brasil, foi empreendido um amplo balanço das estruturas e dos arranjos institucionais voltados para a gestão e a governança metropolitanas no país. Além disso, elaborou-se uma detida avaliação da gestão de funções públicas de interesse comum (FPICs) selecionadas. O balanço crítico da experiência político-institucional, mostrado pela avaliação da gestão das FPICs, foi complementado pelo conjunto de relatos de experiências e casos reunidos no terceiro livro.

This study analyzes the organizational, technological and societal changes of Gdansk in the process to become a smart city. The Gdansk's planning to climate change to reconcile social, cultural and environmental pillars. Finally analyzes the challenges of the Polish government to build participatory governance with companies and citizens.

Este trabalho representa uma atualização do atlas Campinas metropolitana: diversidades socioespaciais, produzido em 2007, com base nos dados do Censo Demográfico de 2000 e  2010.  Seu objetivo é  evidenciar a diversidade presente na Região Metropolitana de Campinas – RMC, a partir de um trabalho de sistematização e espacialização de dados sociodemográficos, visando o melhor entendimento dos processos sociais e demográficos e, principalmente, dos problemas e/ou carências que afligem as populações regionais. A concepção do atlas teve como referência as características de uma região metropolitana, tais como a fluidez territorial, as complementaridades e as contiguidades socioespaciais. Assim, a despeito da importância das divisões administrativas municipais – obviamente não negligenciadas –, considera-se que o “olhar metropolitano” é fundamental para um diagnóstico que busque a identificação e solução dos problemas referentes ao ordenamento territorial e à elaboração e eficaz aplicação de políticas públicas voltadas à garantiada qualidade de vida da população, em especial a de mais baixa renda.

This article presents the responses given in several schools of the 1st Cycle of the Basic Education Level (children aged 6 to 10 years) of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon relating to the issue of integration of immigrant children and children of immigrant descent. The goal was to establish the relationship between the geographical context where the school is located

Markus Appenzeller is an architect, urban designer and thinker on related subjects. With his company MLA+ he is working on projects in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa. Markus work focusses on strategic urban design on all scale levels and larger scale urban residential architecture. His particular interest lies in the integration of these different scales. Markus was an associate professor at ITMO St. Petersburg, a consultant to municipalities in China and Africa and a frequent lecturer at universities and in conferences worldwide.

This study examined the magnitude of differences in standard scores, convergent validity, and concurrent validity when an individual’s performance was gauged using the revised and the normative update (Woodcock, 1998) editions of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test in which the actual test items remained identical but norms have been updated. From three metropolitan areas, 899 first to third grade students referred by their teachers for a reading intervention program participated. Results showed the inverse Flynn effect, indicating systematic inflation averaging 5 to 9 standard score points, regardless of gender, IQ, city site, or ethnicity, when calculated using the updated norms. Inflation was greater at lower raw score levels. Implications for using the updated norms for identifying children with reading disabilities and changing norms during an ongoing study are discussed.

Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a model of organizing food production and distribution that brings about a number of potential benefits for the territorial development of functional urban areas. However, in Poland CSA is a relatively uncommon innovation and its influence on the sustainable development of the country is limited. In this Chapter, we thus present the social, environmental and economic benefits generated by the development of CSAs, and consider how public administration could support it. At the same time, we argue that the support for CSAs by public administration would result not only in the supra-local development of this model of an alternative food system but also in tangible benefits for the functional urban areas in which CSAs would develop.

Objective: This study examines the levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) related stigma among the Iranian population and the factors that contribute to the formation of stigma within the study population. Design: A quantitative research design was used in this research whereby participants completed a self-administrated questionnaire. A sample of 236 adults aged 20–65 were collected using non-probability sampling techniques. Setting: The study was carried out in the Sydney (Australia) metropolitan area and data were collected in 2007. Method: To obtain a desirable sample size, multivariate techniques including snowball were used. Herek’s (1986) functional approach to attitudes was used to analyze HIV/AIDS stigma in the study population. Results: The findings illustrate that HIV/AIDS-related stigma was dominant among the study population. Overall, participants had negative feelings toward people with HIV/AIDS (PWHA); they were in favou...

Metropolises are exploding. Experiencing rapid growth phenomena for the first time in history. We need a discipline of knowledge to manage them. This series of 20 inception lectures attempt to explore the basics of the new discipline we have to build.
Links to Videos, slides and transcriptions.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the utilization of the Internet in senior high schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana. The sample consisted of 100 students and 25 teachers in three Senior High Schools. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select the three schools to represent the school types (co-ed, girls, boys, schools) with one school in each stratum, respectively. For each stratum, respondents were selected using the simple random technique. Structured questionnaires consisting of closed items were used to collect the data from the sample.

Students (n ¼ 452; ages 12-14 years) attending two South Australian metropolitan high schools completed the 'Living & learning at school: Bullying at school' survey in which they reported ways they were bullied and the strategies they would use to deal with bullying. Results showed that a small proportion of students were bullied in three or more ways, and that males and females differed in the coping strategies they would use if bullied. Significant differences were found between bullied and not bullied students in their use of 'problem-focused' in contrast to 'emotion focused', or 'approach' in contrast to 'avoidance' coping strategies, with bullied students more likely to use 'avoidance' strategies. Findings suggest that in terms of coping, it does matter whether or not a student is bullied in multiple ways.

Serie sobre sector público, buen gobierno, y responsabilidad y rendición de cuentas Transferencias fiscales intergubernamentales. Principios y prácticas Editado por Robin Boadway y Anwar Shah Transferencias fiscales intergubernamentales. Principios y prácticas iv The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this volume do not imply any judgment concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Los resultados, interpretaciones y conclusiones expresados aquí son los del(los) autor(es) y no reflejan necesariamente las opiniones de los directores del Banco Mundial, o de los gobiernos que ellos representan. El Banco Mundial no garantiza la exactitud de los datos incluidos en este trabajo. Las fronteras, los colores, los nombres y otra información expuesta en cualquier mapa de este volumen no denotan, por parte del Banco, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de ninguno de los territorios, ni aprobación o aceptación de tales fronteras. This work was originally published by the World Bank in English as Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: Principles and Practice in 2006. This Spanish translation was arranged by Mayol Ediciones. Mayol Ediciones is responsible for the quality of the translation. In case of any discrepancies the original language will govern. Publicado originalmente en inglés por el Banco Mundial como Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: Principles and Practice en 2006. La traducción al castellano fue hecha por Mayol Ediciones, editorial que es responsable de su precisión. En caso de discrepancias, prima el idioma original.

This book represents a powerful analysis of the challenges of metropolitan governance in all its messiness and complexity. It examines Latin American metropolitan governance by focusing on the issue of public service provision and comparatively examining five of the largest and most complex urban agglomerations in the region: Buenos Aires, Bogota, Lima, Mexico City and Santiago.

The volume identifies and discusses the most pressing challenges associated with metropolitan coordination and the coverage, quality and financial sustainability of service delivery. It also reveals a number of spatial inequalities associated with inadequate provision, which may perpetuate poverty and other inequalities.

Metropolitan Governance in Latin America will be valuable reading for advanced students, researchers and policymakers tackling themes of urban planning, spatial inequality, public service provision and Latin American urban development.

The World Bank-assisted Slum Sanitation Program aimed to provide high quality sanitation services to Mumbai's slum dwellers. It was a demand-responsive initiative that incorporated a participatory approach to offer incentives to multiple stakeholders to work together to deliver community sanitation.

The rapid urbanization and land-use/land-cover (LU/LC) changes have resulted in the unplanned and unsustainable growth of the Indian cities. This has resulted in a number of environmental issues such as escalating the urban heat island (UHI) intensity over the cities. Therefore, this study was designed to model and quantify the UHI dynamics of Mumbai city in response to the LU/LC change during 1991-2018 using temporal Landsat datasets. The result shows a significant decline in vegetation cover from 215.8 to 129.27 km 2 , while the built-up areas have almost doubled, i.e., from 173.09 to 346.02 km 2 in the Mumbai city during 1991-2018. As a consequence of this, a significant increase in the LST has been noticed in both urban heat island (UHI) and non-UHI zones. Although the areas under UHI zones have not increased significantly, the land surface temperature (LST) gap (difference between minimum and maximum LST) has declined in the Mumbai city from 30.04°C in 1991 to 20.7°C in 2018. Further, the minimum and mean LST over each LU/LC classes have also shown a significant increase. On the other hand, the regression analysis shows that the association between UHI and normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) has increased in the city, while the association of vegetation density (NDVI) and normalized difference bareness index (NDBaI) has declined in the city. The study can provide useful insights into the process of urban planning and policy makings for urban spatial planning and UHI mitigation strategies. Keywords Land-use/land-cover change Á Land surface temperature Á Urban heat island Á Vegetation and built-up density Á Mumbai city

Inner-city crime is a motivating factor for middle-class flight, and therefore crime is a cause of suburbanization. Movement of the middle-and upper-classes to the suburbs, in turn, isolates the poor in central city ghettos and barrios. Sociologists and criminologists have argued that the concentration of poverty creates an environment within which criminal behavior becomes normative, leading impressionable youth to adopt criminal lifestyles. Moreover, from the perspective of routine activity theory, the deterioration of social capital in high-poverty areas reduces the capacity for guardianship. Therefore, suburbanization may also cause crime. We argue that prior research has not distinguished between the causal and compositional effects of suburbanization on crime. We show that the causal component can be identified by linking metropolitan-level crime rates, rather than central-city crime rates, to measures of suburbanization. Using UCR and Census data from 2000, we find a positive relationship between suburbanization and metropolitan crime.

Rozważania na temat małego miasta pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie cech, które oprócz niewielkiej liczby ludności charakteryzują małe miasto pod względem funkcjonalnym, przestrzennym i społecznym. Wśród nich można wyróżnić cechy uniwersalne tworzące „małomiasteczkowość” oraz cechy różnicujące specyficzne dla danego miasta, tworzące jego odrębną specyfikę i tożsamość. Wyłonionych 16 małych miast posiadających bezpośrednie związki z Krakowem zostało przeanalizowanych w trzech aspektach: uwarunkowań przyrodniczych i geograficznych oraz specyfiki wynikającej z położenia miasta, wartości kulturowych miast oraz rangi i stopnia zachowania tego dziedzictwa, w miastach i otoczeniu, a także obecnego funkcjonowania miast. Przeprowadzone 3 analizy pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie 3 grup miast (miasta położone w obszarze rolniczym, miasta o bogatym dziedzictwie kulturowym, położone w obszarach o szczególnych walorach przyrodniczych, oraz miasta które niezależnie od swoich cech, podlegają silnej presji urbanizacyjnej) o podobnych cechach i wybranie do szczegółowych analiz miast reprezentujących każdą grupę (Słomniki, Lanckorona, Krzeszowice, Niepołomice). Szczegółowe analizy 4 miast, obejmują grupę 3 warstw problemowych: analizę funkcjonalną, analizę wartości kulturowych i przyrodniczych oraz cech szczególnych i analizę fizjonomii. Opracowane w dysertacji ogólne analizy zbioru miast pozostających w bezpośrednich relacjach z Krakowem oraz badania szczegółowe „miast reprezentantów”, pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie cech wspólnych „małomiasteczkowych” charakterystycznych dla środowiska małego miasta oraz cech specyficznych decydujących o tożsamości konkretnego miasteczka. Przeprowadzone analizy pokazują różnorodne i duże zasoby walorów, wartości kulturowych, przyrodniczych i krajobrazowych istniejących w miasteczkach i w ich otoczeniu, które stanowią o ich atrakcyjności i potencjale rozwojowym; pokazują także charakter korzystnej aktywizacji funkcjonalnej opartej o te walory. Oznacza to zwiększenie atrakcyjności usługowej miasteczek dla otoczenia i początek krystalizacji rozproszonego osadnictwa obszaru metropolitalnego Krakowa.

小学校社会科では、中学年において地域学習（身近な地域の学習）を行うこととされている。そこでは、市町村等ごとに作成された地域学習副読本が使用されることが多い。本稿では、大都市域に位置する兵庫県神戸・阪神地域の市・町における地域学習副読本の構成を調査し、それぞれの特徴を明らかにする。結果としては、地域学習副読本は市独自の章を設けたところもあるが、学習指導要領に準拠したものが多く、教科用図書の代わりとして使用される割合が高いと考えられた。また、兵庫県神戸・阪神地域では、1995 年に発生した阪神・淡路大震災などに関連して、防災面の学習に過去の被災状況が関連していると考えられた。

En 1880, cuando Buenos Aires fue federalizada, era una pequeña ciudad de 300.000 habitantes, concentrada en torno a la Plaza de Mayo y el puerto. En la concepción de algunos políticos y académicos de la época, su Municipalidad no debía constituir un gobierno propiamente dicho, sino una administración destinada a resolver los asuntos comunes de sus vecinos-contribuyentes. En 1996, cuando logró su autonomía, Buenos Aires era ya una metrópolis de 10.000.000 de habitantes, que se extendía por fuera de sus límites jurisdiccionales. La Constitución de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires estipuló la continuación de la Municipalidad por el Estado de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en manos del Gobierno de la Ciudad.

Entre estos dos límites temporales, Buenos Aires ha sido a la vez una y muchas. Su desenvolvimiento urbano y demográfico se desplegó en medio de las inestabilidades políticas e institucionales de la Argentina del siglo XX.  Entre fines del siglo XIX y nuestros días, gobernar Buenos Aires fue un problema que las elites políticas, académicas y expertas enfrentaron de diversas maneras, condicionadas por las demandas populares y las coordenadas socio-políticas y urbanas de cada momento.

¿Qué es Buenos Aires? ¿Quiénes son sus legítimos integrantes? ¿Cómo gobernarla? ¿Quiénes deben hacerlo? A partir de la presentación de la Buenos Aires federalizada, ampliada, moderna, peronista, metropolitana, autoritaria, en transición y autónoma, el libro analiza las cambiantes respuestas a estos interrogantes, tanto en su aspecto socio-urbano como político-municipal.

For two decades, solid waste components in World Bank projects have focused on collection of solid wastes, with equipment provided to upgrade operations at existing open dumps. Since early 1990, the private sector has become increasingly being involved in the collection, disposal, and treatment of solid waste and World Bank projects have placed greater priority on implementation of new sanitary landfills. The following guidance provides an examination of some of the issues which need to be addressed in landfill siting and design.

Despite the growing number of Hispanics in the US and in caseloads of art therapists, previous literature on this topic is scarce and predominantly based on case studies. This survey assessed the perceptions of 27 art therapists from large metropolitan areas regarding the use of art therapy with Hispanic clients. These perceptions included client therapeutic needs, the benefits of art therapy with Hispanic clients, the limitations of art therapy with this population, as well as most and least beneficial techniques. Participants rated art therapy to a large degree as very helpful with Hispanic clients.

It is a fact that urbanization is a multi-dimensional and inter-dimensional process whose dimensions are its cause and effect. Urbanization is therefore an intrinsic phenomenon to the events of modernity. The economic change, demographic change and migration, climate change and transformations in the built environment, cultural changes, changes in the political structure, are unprecedented events, which undermine the sustainability of urbanization. We assume that urbanization is a process and phenomenon at the same time, and as a process is related to the rationality of actors in its action in the various dimenssões mentioned above, while urbanization as a phenomenon means the movement led by organic forces by identifiable acting. In this thesis we argue that sustainable urbanization more than a bipolarized concept should be seen as a analytical and normative concept-approach composed by juxtaposition. With this argument we show that while urban as a process impregnates many unsustainable issuers, urbanization as a phenomena can be sustainable itself. This assumption leads us to conclude that the spontaneous urbanization what is happening in Africa has a greater potential for sustainability than those urbanization promoted by current public policies. We argue that the challenge of public policies and new research agenda in the current context of urban transition in Africa, should seek to understand the processes and multidimensional interdimensional phenomena occurring in urban areas. Like seeing the city beyond its administrative boundaries, that is, the metropolitan approach, the relationship between global and local forces, should remain the objective of the research and action of public policies. However, we argue that is the deepening and comprhension of urban identities (organic expressions of urbanity) that is the key to achive any african sustainable and progressive metropolis. The thesis seeks its foundation in the case of Maputo as part of its wide area, we call the Greater Maputo Territory that, despite of not being formally set up as, it has the functional and spatial expression of an metropolitan area.

Paper selezionato in occasione della X Giornata di Studi dell'INU
Napoli, 15 dicembre 2017.
Sessione: 7. Infrastrutture verdi, blu e miste

Nei territori della diffusione insediativa, i nuovi paesaggi delle “Agricolture urbanizzate” testimoniano una contro-tendenza all’opposizione tra urbano e rurale. Si tratta di un insieme eterogeneo di pratiche in corso più o meno innovative, condivise e partecipate, che sperimentano con inedite relazioni ecologico-ambientali, socio-economiche e spaziali, la territorializzazione della multifunzionalità agricola e il concetto di Innovazione Sociale, valorizzando i contesti locali di cui è composta la città metropolitana. La green infrastructure, già strumento di attuazione delle principali politiche pubbliche e strategie tematiche europee (Europa 2020), si individua quale dispositivo di sistema e figura di progetto unitaria e coerente a cui ricondurre spazi, soggetti e attività agro-urbane diversi, superando la frammentazione spaziale, funzionale e amministrativa delle aree metropolitane e contribuendo alla rigenerazione e al rinnovamento della forma urbana e sociale della città.

This article examines the generation and management of municipal solid waste through the lens of economics. The authors estimate that the global burden of municipal solid waste amounted to 1.3 billion metric tons in 1990, or two-thirds of a kilogram of waste per person per day. Industrial countries account for a disproportionately high share of the world's waste relative to their share of world population, while developing countries account for a disproportionately high share of the world's waste relative to their share of world income. Analyses across countries and over time reveal that the generation of municipal solid waste is positively related to variations in per capita income and that the generation of municipal solid waste per capita does not vary with population size among countries with comparable per capita income.

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo entre distintos casos de grandes ciudades y sus distintos mecanismos de gobierno y administración. Se inicia con una breve revisión conceptual que nos permita acercarnos a los múltiples y diversos marcos institucionales latinoamericanos. En un segundo apartado realizaremos una tipología de los gobiernos de 14 grandes ciudades de la región, observando algunos casos representativos  que permitan estudiar las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de ellos. Por último, realizaremos una breve evaluación de dos propuestas realizadas para el caso del Distrito Capital de Bogotá, partiendo de los resultados hallados durante la presente investigación.

Os territórios metropolitanos constituem, no sistema urbano mundial, suporte fundamental para o modo de produção e de acumulação capitalista. A gestão metropolitana, cujo principal agente é o Estado, surge como importante ferramenta para exercer o controle sobre o ordenamento de tais territórios, uma vez que as instituições políticas estatais – governo e administração pública – operariam sob permanente pressão dos interesses do capital. Com base nessa premissa, supõe-se que prevaleceria atualmente um modelo de gestão marcadamente coercitivo, no sentido da centralização decisória pelo aparelho estatal e na imposição de uma agenda de políticas públicas que favoreceriam prioritariamente a produção e a apropriação do território pelos agentes econômicos. De modo a viabilizar uma classificação dos tipos existentes de gestão metropolitana, criou-se um instrumento de análise baseado em um quadro referencial com os diferentes tipos segundo as características do processo político da gestão. Foram então selecionados dois estudos de caso para aplicação da metodologia proposta: a gestão da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, em Portugal, e das regiões metropolitanas do estado de São Paulo, ambos escolhidos pelas particularidades que apresentam em contextos diferentes e pela possibilidade de comparação dos tipos de gestão encontrados. Com base nesses casos, procurou-se então demonstrar a tendência de prevalecer o modelo coercitivo na gestão metropolitana contemporânea, em detrimento de um modelo de coesão territorial, que operaria no sentido de uma gestão mais democrática, com uma agenda pautada pela diminuição das desigualdades socioeconômicas, que se expressam com maior gravidade nos territórios metropolitanos.

Este artículo, argumentativo-descriptivo, analiza la planificación e institucionalidad de las Regiones comunes como metropolitanas. Por una parte, expone un análisis de las Regiones comunes, respecto a su planificación e institucionalidad. Por otra parte, analiza las características de las Regiones Metropolitanas, en especial sobre su reconocimiento legal e institucionalidad, cuestiones críticas para la creación de estos espacios territoriales. El artículo pretende exponer, de forma introductoria, los lineamientos jurídicos por los cuales las futuras Regiones Metropolitanas deberán dar consecución a sus proyectos de planificación e integración.

The Literature of Suburban Change (Edinburgh University Press, in press) examines the diverse body of cultural material produced since 1960 that responds to the defining habitat of twentieth-century USA: the suburbs. Martin Dines explores how writers have innovated across a range of forms and genres – including novel sequences, memoirs, plays, comics and short story cycles – in order to make sense of the complexity of suburbia. Drawing on insights from recent historiography and cultural geography, Dines offers a new perspective on the literary history of the US suburbs, and argues that by giving time back to these apparently timeless places, writers help reactivate the suburbs, presenting them not as fixed, finished and familiar but rather as living, multifaceted environments that are still in production and under exploration. 

Contents:
Acknowledgements                                            
List of Illustrations
Introduction: The Time of the Suburb         
1. The Everyman and his Car: Metropolitan Memory and the Novel Sequence     
2. Suburban Gothic and Banal Unhomeliness          
3. Some Shared Story: Suburban Memoir                  
4. Houses, Comics, Fish: Graphic Narrative Ecologies of the Suburban Home 
5. Devolved Authorship, Suburban Literacies and the Short Story Cycle        
Conclusion: Built to Last?: Staging Suburban Historicity in the Teardown Era
Notes
Index

Yerleşim yerlerinin yönetimi tarih boyunca üzerine tartışılan konulardan biridir. Bu konudaki tartışmaların daha ziyade yerleşim yerlerinde görülmesi gerekli hizmetler ve buna dair sorumluluklarla başladığı bilinmektedir. Siyasî, sosyal ve ekonomik sebepler yanında, 19. yüzyıl sonlarına doğru endüstrinin gelişmeye başlamasıyla birlikte, yerleşim alanları daha fazla nüfusu ve dolayısıyla daha fazla sorunu barındıran büyük kentlere dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Böylece bu tartışmalar, ölçek sorunları, yerel hizmetlerin daha etkin, verimli ve ekonomik gerçekleştirilmesi, yerel katılımın sağlanması ve demokrasinin daha iyi işletilmesi gibi yeni başlıklar etrafında şekillenmeye başlamıştır.
Ülkemizde modern anlamda kent yönetimi sayılabilecek ilk belediye, görev ve statüsü 13 Haziran 1854 tarihli bir nizamname ile düzenlenen İstanbul Şehremaneti olarak kabul edilmektedir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında, değişen dünyanın ve sorunları giderek büyüyen kentlerin bilincinde, ancak sorunlara yerel bakış açısıyla yaklaşamayan bir anlayış göze çarpsa da, belediyecilik gelişmeye devam etmiştir. İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir gibi büyük kentlerin yönetiminde karşılaşılan zorluklar ve büyük yerleşim yerlerine özgü yönetim oluşturma tartışmaları sonunda, 1982 Anayasası bu konuyla ilgili bir hükme yer vermiştir. Böylece Türkiye’de büyükşehir belediye sistemi 1984 yılından itibaren uygulanmaya başlanmıştır.
Son olarak 2012 yılı aralık ayında çıkarılan 6360 sayılı Kanun, yerel yönetim mevzuatında, ilçe belediye yönetimlerini de etkileyen önemli değişiklikler yapmıştır. Bu kanun, büyükşehir belediye mücavir alanını il sınırına eşitlediği gibi, büyükşehir ilçe belediyelerinin mücavir alanını da ilçe belediye sınırına eşitlemektedir. Ayrıca il ve ilçelerde özel idareler kaldırılmış, bağlı belde belediyeleri ve köylerin tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılarak, önceki bağlı oldukları il veya ilçeye mahalle olarak bağlanmıştır. Büyükşehir belediyesi ve ilçe belediyeleri arasında görev ve yetki bölüşümü yeniden düzenlenmiştir. Büyükşehir belediyeleri, il sınırı içindeki su ve kanalizasyon, mezarlık, meydan ve anayolları, karla mücadele çalışmaları gibi konularda yetkili ve sorumlu olmuştur.
2014 yerel seçimlerinden sonra uygulanmaya başlayan yeni büyükşehir modelinin, pratikte idarî, siyasî, sosyal ve kentsel etkileri görülmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, 6360 sayılı yasa hakkında bilgi verilerek, yasaya yönelik eleştiriler ve değerlendirmelere kısaca değinilecektir. Yeni büyükşehir sisteminin, en geniş coğrafî sınırlara sahip Konya ili uygulamasında Bozkır ilçesinin kent yönetiminde idarî, siyasî, malî yapıya ve hizmet sunumuna etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır. Yeni modelin Bozkır ilçesini hangi boyutlarda nasıl etkilediği, Bozkır’a ilişkin verilerin tablolaştırılması yoluyla incelenecektir.