Surveys

Abstract: This study's primary purpose was to determine the relationship between leadership and the dependent variable organizational learning readiness at three locations of a small-size business enterprise in the Mid-Western United States. Surveys were acquired within an exploratory correlational research design and the results indicated leadership explained a large degree of the variance in the dependent variable. The results offer HRD practitioners targets for deficiency interventions within the systems and structures of small-size ...

Thunderstorms and the lightning that they produce are inherently interesting phenomena that have intrigued scientists and mankind in general for many years. The study of thunderstorms has rapidly advanced during the past century and many efforts have been made towards understanding lightning, thunderstorms and their consequences. Recent observations of optical phenomena above an active lightning discharge along with the availability of modern technology both for data collection and data analysis have renewed interest in the field of thunderstorms and their consequences in the biosphere. In this paper, we review the electrification processes of a thunderstorm, lightning processes and their association with global electric circuit and climate. The upward lightning discharge can cause sprites, elves, jets, etc. which are together called transient luminous events.

What incentives can the administrators of early childhood education facilities offer their staff in order to retain them? In light of research identifying low staff turnover as a key component of high quality early childhood education, the answer to this question has ramifications beyond human-resources management. This paper presents the results of a statewide survey of early childhood educators, which indicate that both personal factors (age and experience) and the availability of benefits are associated with intent to remain in the field. The applicability of these findings to employment policies in the field of early childhood education are discussed.

Background: Mental wellbeing is formed by our daily environments, which are, in turn, influenced by public policies, such as the welfare state. This paper looks at how different aspects of life conditions may mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing in oldest old age.
Methods: Data were extracted from Round 6 of the European Social Survey (2012). The dataset comprised of 2058 people aged 80 years and older from 24 countries. Mediation analyses determined possible links between the welfare state, including eleven intervening variables representing life conditions and five mental wellbeing dimensions. Results: Our study confirms that the higher the level of welfare state, the better mental wellbeing, irrespective of dimension. Although several life conditions were found to mediate the welfare state effect on mental wellbeing, subjective general health, coping with income and place in society were the most important intervening variables.
Conclusions: All three variables centre around supporting autonomy in the oldest old age. By teasing out how the welfare state influences mental wellbeing in the oldest old, we can better understand the many drivers of wellbeing and enable evidence informed age-friendly policy making.

Although school psychological services around the world are currently undergoing a period of rapid development, little comparative information is available about the training, roles and responsibilities of school psychologists or the contrasting contexts in which they work. Further information in this area should help new and established school psychological services to plan future developments. Therefore, in 2001-2002, the International School Psychology Association’s (ISPA) Research Committee developed and piloted the International School Psychology Survey (ISPS). Utilizing the survey format implemented by the National Association of School Psychologists in the USA to survey school psychologists across the country, the ISPA Research Committee members collaborated to design a survey appropriate for international colleagues. The ISPS was piloted in five countries: Albania, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece and Northern England. The data from the ISPS provides unique information regarding the ...

We can learn about human ethics from machines. We discuss the design of a working machine for making ethical decisions, the N-Reasons platform, applied to the ethics of robots. This N-Reasons platform builds on web based surveys and experiments, to enable participants to make better ethical decisions. Their decisions are better than our existing surveys in three ways. First, they are social decisions supported by reasons. Second, these results are based on weaker premises, as no exogenous expertise (aside from that provided by the participants) is needed to seed the survey. Third, N-Reasons is designed to support experiments so we can learn how to improve the platform. We sketch experimental results that show the platform is a success as well as pointing to ways it can be improved.

Associations has issued a warning about the University of Cape Town, South Africa. It is aimed at those who would be willing to seek employment in that University if they believed it was as liberal as its advertisements suggest and that they could join in the struggle for change in South Africa. The warning results from the Federation's enquiry into the University's actions towards an Australian academic, Dr. John Howes. In 1978 the Council of the University of Cape Town declined to confirm Dr. Howes' professorial appointment, in spite of a unanimous recommendation from the official committee of review. The Federation warns that uthe University of Cape Town's behaviour towards Professor Howes has been incompatible with any claim it may make to be a liberal institution." Noting that Cape Town's advertisements suggest that it is liberal, and that the Council had held it against Professor Howes that he had been, as their Chairman put it, Ucriticizing people of importance and standing in the University", the Federation says: The Council cannot deny that Professor Howes' charges are well-founded_ The crucial test of a liberal institution is openness to well-founded criticism, even of "people of importance and standing': and Cape Town in this case has failed that test.

Product manuals have been virtually ignored in published research despite their relevance to consumer satisfaction and marketplace safety. This study examines self-efficacy (perceptions of capabilities related to operating a product) and how it influences the effectiveness of and is also influenced by three safety message formats commonly used in product manuals (i.e., 1. safety messages presented in list format at

Abstract: Much research has been carried out to evaluate the impact of strategic alliance membership on the performance of airlines. However it would be of interest to identify how airlines perceive this impact in terms of branding by each of the three global finance ...

This paper presents the results of the application of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method, or Georadar, in outlining a zone of contamination due to solid residues at the waste burial site of Rio Claro in the state of São Paulo, SE Brazil. A total of eight GPR profiles with 50-and 100-MHz antennae were surveyed. Six profiles were located within the landfill site and the remaining two were outside. The main objective of the GPR survey was to evaluate the side extension of contamination. A Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) survey was performed at four points within the site in order to investigate the vertical extent of the contamination plume and to define the bottom of the landfill. Two additional VESs were done outside the landfill with the purpose of determining the top of the ground water table and the geoelectric stratigraphy of the background. From the interpretation of the GPR profiles, it was possible to locate the top of the contamination plume and to infer that it was migrating laterally beyond the limits of the waste disposal site. This was observed along the profile situated close to the highway SP-127, which was about 20 m from the limit of the site. The signature of the contaminant appears as a discontinuous reflector that is believed to be a shallow ground water table. The discontinuity is marked by a shadow zone, which is characteristic of conductive contaminant residues. The contamination did not move far enough to reach a sugar cane plantation located at approximately 100 m from the border of the site. In the regions free from contamination, the ground water table was mapped at approximately 10 m of depth, and it was characterized by a strong and continuous reflector. The radar signal penetrated deep enough and enabled the identification of a second reflector at approximately 14 m deep, interpreted as the contact between the Rio Claro and the Corumbataí formations. The contact is marked by the presence of gravel characterized by ferruginous concretes, which cause the strong amplitude reflection in the GPR profile. Within the landfill site, the quantitative interpretation of the VES results showed the contamination zone. The base of the landfill varies between 11 and 15 m deep. Outside the landfill site, the VES results showed no indication of contamination and allowed the determination of the top of the ground water table and the contact between the Rio Claro and the Corumbataí formations. The results of GPR and VES showed a good agreement and the integrated interpretations were supported by local geology and information from several boreholes, about 17 m depth, on average. The bottom of the landfill reaches a maximum of 14.5 m depth. D

The aim of this study was to assess Australian girls' beliefs and feelings about menarche and menstruation using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Eighty-seven Grade 6 girls were interviewed and completed questionnaires, including both self-report and projective measures, relating to pubertal status, attitudes to and knowledge about menstruation. Results showed knowledge to be limited, with evidence of incorrect and negative myths about menstruation. Attitudes to menstruation were characterized by embarrassment, discomfort, and ambivalence about growing up. Themes in story completion tasks further reflected these attitudes, along with shame and anxiety, linked periods with incapacity or illness, and expressed the norm of periods as events which require the use of deception and denial as coping strategies. Mature problem-solving approaches to the hypothetical situations in the stories were rare. Factor analysis of the attitudinal and knowledge data revealed four factors — Comfort through Knowledge; Negative Feelings: Discomfort through Knowledge; and Independence — which were discussed in terms of the ambivalent social construction placed on menstruation.

In 2005, TESOL sponsored a survey to respond to the growing concerns of the organization's Adult Education Interest Section (AEIS). The results showed that interest section members were deeply concerned with inequitable workloads, less-than-desirable working conditions, heavy reliance on part-time teachers, and much-needed professional development opportunities and support in programs that serve adult English language learners. Previous studies in adult education have shown that such precarious employment patterns undermine the professionalism of the field because many educators have to contend with juggling several jobs, receiving low pay, and being prevented from improving their instructional practices or keeping abreast of current research

This paper evaluates the determinants of decision making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labour and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. A household quantitative survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda was conducted in 2014. Most of the decisions and labour provision during production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’ and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision makers....

Outside the Frame: A Critical Analysis of Urban Image Surveys Phoebe Crisman Aided by digital technology, designers and planners are making ever greater use of photographic images to depict and envision proposals for urban change. Yet, even as such presentations have become increasingly central to community planning efforts, the methods for employing photographs and their precise construction have not been adequately analyzed. Discussing the new reliance on imaging techniques in architecture, Cambridge Professor Andrew Saint recently noted, “the long-term challenge for the architectural pro- fession…is to ride this exciting, undisciplined, licentious, and dangerous beast, to control this irresponsible lust for image that pervades our culture.” 1 Several imaging methods have gained widespread cur- rency in the design of public places. This essay specifi- cally examines what have become known as urban image surveys. The inclusive and participatory intentions of Above: +6.1 This mixed-u...

This account of the Tanzanian health 'campaign opens with a brief explanation of how radio forums fit into the mass media' scheme. Then, campaigns, run in other nations are reviewed, with emphasis on aspects pertinent to the Tanzanian experience. The Tanzanian campaign, named Mtu ni Afya ("Mai is Health"), had three aims:,(1) to increase people' awarenessof how they can make their, lives healthier and to encourage both4groups and individuals to take appropriate-action; (2) to provide clear and simple information about the symptoms of specific diseases and their prevention; and 3) to encourage those who had participated in the national literacy campaign to maintain their skillq by reading campaign materials designed especially for the newly literate. In addition to describing this health campaign which was undertakep in 1973, more recent development projects in.Tanzania,are also discussed., Thirty-eight,-references are listed. (LLS)

The purpose of this study was to investigate beginning teacher attrition and the factors of collaboration and school setting (urban, suburban, and rural). Quantitative data were collected from present and former teachers in a Midwest state using the researcher-created Collaboration Survey. Building principals and central office staff supplied attrition data from the 1998-2002 school years. Semi-structured follow up interviews with five percent of the sample population and unsolicited written comments found on the Collaboration Survey provided qualitative data. Aggregate computation of the four-year attrition rate revealed a substantial difference in the attrition rate by school setting. Urban schools had a much lower rate (4%) than did suburban (15%) and rural (17%) schools in the sample. A MANOVA was utilized to examine differences in the degree of collaboration experienced by current beginning teachers and former teachers with less than five years experience. Of the six subscales measuring collaboration, current and former teachers' total responses did not differ significantly. However, a one-way MANO-VA was calculated for the three items comprising two subscales, Commitment and Process. Significant differences were found in one item from each of the two subscales. First, an item concerning the effect of the collaborative group on the beginning teacher's desire to continue teaching, and second, an item concerning the collaborative group member's responsibility for a common group of students. A Chi-Square test of independence determined that interdisciplinary teaming did not affect the attrition rate of beginning middle level teachers.

After the earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear incident in North East Japan in March 2011, there is increasing discussion of reconstructing the damaged areas in an environmentally sustainable manner in Japan. The politicians are beginning to argue that this is an opportunity to reconstruct Japanese society in a more sustainable manner. This paper attempts to examine whether there are potential visions of a sustainable Japan in the future in Japan's strategy for sustainability and environmental management in the 1990s to the 2000s. The paper argues that Japan's sustainability strategy can be characterized by its emphasis on improving resource productivity by recognizing environmental challenges as opportunities for further technical progress, innovation, and industrial competitiveness. Then, the paper seeks to further clarify such characteristics of the strategy for sustainability by examination of Japan's sound materialcycle policy since the 1990s until 2010, with particular attention given to recycling policies that are based on the concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the eco-town program for establishing a recycling infrastructure. After arguing that national interest on policy for increasing resource productivity may not be universal but may depend on difference in industrial structure of the country, the paper overviews and analyzes three recent sustainability strategies developed by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the Government of Japan in the past few years. They are "Strategy for an Environmental Nation in the 21 st Century" in 2007, "Clean Asia Initiative" in 2008, and "New Growth Strategy" in 2010. By doing so, the paper argues that Japan's sustainable strategy continues to emphasize "increasing efficiency". It then concludes that it is a time to give greater emphasis to total reduction of the environmental impact of production and consumption to achieve the next step of sustainability for Japan and elsewhere in the world.

O tema desta pesquisa foi a inserção de nutricionistas, egressos da Universidade de São Paulo, no mercado de trabalho. A população estudada, composta pelos alunos formados no período de 1990 a 1996, foi consultada por meio de correspondência, enviada pelo correio. A adesão à pesquisa foi de 42,0%. Verificou-se que esses profissionais atuavam em nutrição clínica (36,6%), administração de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (31,0%), marketing (12,7%) e saúde pública (7,0%). É necessário estimular a educação continuada em nutrição, devido ao fato da área ter ampla abrangência e, por conseguinte do curso formar generalistas, capacitados para atuar em campos diversos.

1] The global oceans serve as the largest sustained natural sink for increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations. As this CO 2 is absorbed by seawater, it not only reacts causing a reduction in seawater pH (or acidification) but also decreases the carbonate mineral saturation state (W), which plays an important role in calcification for many marine organisms. Ocean acidification could affect some of the most fundamental biological and geochemical processes of the sea in coming decades. Observations obtained in situ from Volunteer Observing Ships and multiple geochemical surveys have been extended using satellite remote sensing and modeled environmental parameters to derive estimates of sea-surface alkalinity (A T ) and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO 2,sw ). Pairing estimates of A T and pCO 2,sw have permitted characterization of the changes in sea-surface W, which have transpired over the past decade throughout the Greater Caribbean Region as a consequence of ocean acidification. The results reveal considerable spatial and temporal variability throughout the region. Despite this variability, we observed a strong secular decrease in aragonite saturation state (W arg ) at a rate of approximately À0.012 ± 0.001 W arg yr À1 (r 2 = 0.97, P < 0.001).

1] The Maldives experience seasonal shifts in monsoon winds from the west-northwest to northeast. The morphologic response of reef island beaches and shorelines to these predictable shifts in climate was examined on eight islands in South Maalhosmadulu Atoll based on global positioning system surveys of island shoreline planform in January and June 2002 and February 2003. Surveys show that islands exhibit large gross changes (31-120% of beach area) in shoreline position between seasons. Such changes reflect large reversals in sediment flux of 9-23 Â 10 3 m 3 on a biannual basis driven by seasonal reversals in wind and wave conditions. Annual net change is small (2-15%), suggesting islands spatially exhibit a dynamic equilibrium. An island oscillation index (I o ) is defined that describes the spatial extent of shoreline change around islands. Island shape (ellipticity, e) is found to be positively correlated with I o in the expression I o = 1.021e À 0.275, suggesting island shape is a better indicator of the susceptibility of island shorelines to morphological change than wave energy exposure.

We model the small-scale clustering of luminous red galaxies (LRGs; Masjedi et al. 2006) in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Specifically, we use the halo occupation distribution (HOD) formalism to model the projected two-point correlation function of LRGs on scales well within the sizes of their host halos (0.016h −1 Mpc ≤ r ≤ 0.42h −1 Mpc). We start by varying P (N |M), the probability distribution that a dark matter halo of mass M contains N LRGs, and assuming that the radial distribution of satellite LRGs within halos traces the NFW dark matter density profile. We find that varying P (N |M) alone is not sufficient to match the small-scale data. We next allow the concentration of satellite LRG galaxies to differ from that of dark matter and find that this is also not sufficient. Finally, we relax the assumption of an NFW profile and allow the inner slope of the density profile to vary. We find that this model provides a good fit to the data and the resulting value of the slope is −2.17 ± 0.12. The radial density profile of satellite LRGs within halos is thus not compatible with that of the underlying dark matter, but rather is closer to an isothermal distribution.

Essential oils have the strong potency to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in their lipophilicity and small molecular size constituents. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity was determined against AChE using Ellman's colorimetric method of 29 essential oils from aromatic plants. Results revealed 5 of essential oils from Eucalyptus, Cajuput, Sweet marjoram, Camphor tree and Rosemarry showed such activity respectively. The compositions of five essential oils were also analyzed by GC-MS. We also demonstrated that the AChE inhibitory activity of the essential oil could be attributed to 1,8-cineole.

A survey of businesses in the automobile aftermarket industry provided insights into how reverse logistics performance can be influenced by a few key strategic decisions. Resource commitment is critical to program performance. However, it is important that the resources be focused on developing information technology capabilities. This, no doubt, is reflective of the nature of reverse logistics. Information support-for authorizing, tracking, and handling returns-can positively impact both economic and service quality-related performance.

The present study investigated the role of pedagogical, technical, and institutional profile factors in an institution of higher education's decision to select an open-source learning management system (LMS). Drawing on the results of previous research that measured patterns of deployment of open-source software (OSS) in US higher education and the relative importance of specific selection criteria when considering an OSS LMS, a Web survey was conducted among 285 Chief Information Officers and Chief Academic Officers from a variety of US institutions to determine patterns of OSS LMS deployment, as well as the influence of specific selection criteria. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed Carnegie Classification, institutional governance, previous experience with OSS, focus on student learning, and the commitment to organizational self-reliance to be key influencers in the OSS LMS selection decision. The implications of these findings for future research and for institutional decision-making are discussed.

A student survey at a metropolitan university examined priorities of both traditional and non-traditional students; the survey resulted from anxieti:s expressed by some students about not having a traditional college experience. The administration was trying to decide whether to allocate resources to create a football program within this commuter, urban university. The study focused on student priorities as a way to evaluate the relative importance to students of differing aspects of campus life. Results indicated that most students selected academic enhancements over social and recreational ones, but students were not monolithic in their responses. Subcommunities emerged with different academic emphases and different social priorities. Students' ideas about community were more closely associated with social interactions among family, college and non-college friends, and colleagues at work rather than with ideas about an academic or inl:ellectual community. Results suggest that the development of academic communities at college campuses, as well as future student support priority determinations, will need to take into account the fact that no one issue is predominant for the increasing numbers of students that have significant off-campus obligations. (Contains nine references.)

We describe a new method to search for metal-poor candidates from the Hamburg/ESO objectiveprism survey (HES) based on identifying stars with apparently strong CH G-band strengths for their colors. The hypothesis we exploit is that large over-abundances of carbon are common among metalpoor stars, as has been found by numerous studies over the past two decades. The selection was made by considering two line indices in the 4300Å region, applied directly to the low-resolution prism spectra. This work also extends a previously published method by adding bright sources to the sample. The spectra of these stars suffer from saturation effects, compromising the index calculations and leading to an undersampling of the brighter candidates. A simple numerical procedure, based on available photometry, was developed to correct the line indices and overcome this limitation. Visual inspection and classification of the spectra from the HES plates yielded a list of 5,288 new metal-poor (and by selection, carbon-rich) candidates, which are presently being used as targets for mediumresolution spectroscopic follow-up. Estimates of the stellar atmospheric parameters, as well as carbon abundances, are now available for 117 of the first candidates, based on follow-up medium-resolution spectra obtained with the SOAR 4.1m and Gemini 8m telescopes. We demonstrate that our new method improves the metal-poor star fractions found by our pilot study by up to a factor of three in the same magnitude range, as compared with our pilot study based on only one CH G-band index. Our selection scheme obtained roughly a 40% success rate for identification of stars with [Fe/H] < −1.0; the primary contaminant is late-type stars with near solar abundances and, often, emission line cores that filled in the Ca ii K line on the prism spectrum. Because the selection is based on carbon, we greatly increase the numbers of known CEMP stars from the HES with intermediate metallicities −2.0 < [Fe/H] < −1.0, which previous survey efforts undersampled. There are eight newly discovered stars with [Fe/H] < −3.0 in our sample, including two with [Fe/H] < −3.5. report that the peak of the inner-halo metallicity distribution function occurs at [Fe/H] = −1.6, while that of the outer halo falls at [Fe/H] = −2.2.

The primary focus of this study is to investigate which characteristics of health service quality are most likely to determine client satisfaction with health services among adolescents in Mongolia. Methods: Data were gathered from 1301 male and female clients. Exit interviews were used to measure client satisfaction; 82 clinics were visited. All clients between the ages of 10 and 19 years were asked to participate in the client exit interview; those who agreed to participate completed the questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine significant associations between service satisfaction and the independent variables. All variables showing a significant bivariate association with service satisfaction (p Յ .05) were retained for logistic regression analyses.

While farmers' markets are a colourful addition to urban shopping, they are periodic, relatively expensive and provide for a very limited range of consumer requirements. In fact, they are the antithesis of supermarket ubiquity, price sensitivity, wide product/service range and extended opening hours. So, despite their small role in total food retail sales, why are they a growing presence and what do farmers' markets say about the consumer needs that supermarkets do not satisfy? This article reports the findings of a questionnaire-based survey of 391 farmers' market customers in five Scottish towns during 2006. Customers were seeking high quality food products, even if that meant premium prices, and put a particular value on direct transactions with the producer. Although these data have a specific geographic context, they have resonance for the growing schism between producer and customer in the UK and other countries.

Summary.  This study examined the effect of menorrhagia on the quality of life (QOL) of adolescents. We used data from a survey of 45 adolescents. Using the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and a PBAC score of ≥100 we identified adolescents likely to have menorrhagia. Our statistical analysis indicated that menorrhagia adversely affects the QOL of adolescents. In this article we discuss the implications of our study and future research avenues.

Electrical resistivity tomography ͑ERT͒ has shown great promise for monitoring transient hydrologic processes. One advantage of ERT under those conditions is the ability of a user to tailor the spatial sensitivity of an ERT survey through selection of electrode locations and electrode combinations. Recent research has shown that quadripoles can be selected in a manner that improves the independent inversion of ERT data. Our ultimate interest lies in using ERT data along with measurements from other sensors, which typically can provide high-quality data from shallow regions of the subsurface, in a joint inversion. As a result, we do not consider the selection of quadripoles specifically for inde-pendent ERT inversion. Rather, we present an approach to focusthe spatial sensitivity of ERT surveys in specific subsurface regions with the assumption that those data, when interpreted along with other measurements that are sensitive to those regions, will lead to more complete hydrologic characterization. Because we are interested in monitoring rapid processes, our approach is designed to efficiently identify optimal quadripoles. This is achieved by separating the optimization from the inversion grid, significantly reducing computational effort. We extend our previous work to consider the use of both surface and borehole ERT electrodes and to consider the impacts of horizontally layered electrical conductivity conditions. Results confirm the ability of the method to focus survey sensitivity while showing the importance of incorporation of prior knowledge of the subsurface electric conductivity structure in designing optimal ERT surveys.

Automation of the survey process has proved successful in many industries, yet it is still underused in educational research. This is largely due to the facts (1) that number crunching is usually carried out using software that was developed before information technology existed, and (2) that the educational research is to a great extent trapped in its methods of producing tabulations, charts, and reports. This paper demonstrates the use of an automated survey data processing and reporting system called AutoRide, to cut costs, increase turnaround, and improve the quality of products delivered in both paper and online formats. With it, customized reports are automatically generated with faster and reliable results. (Author/SLD)

We give a risk-averse solution to the problem of estimating the reliability of a parallel-series system. We adopt a beta-binomial model for components reliabilities, and assume that the total sample size for the experience is fixed. The allocation at subsystems or components level may be random. Based on the sampling schemes for parallel and series systems separately, we propose a hybrid sequential scheme for the parallel-series system. Asymptotic optimality of the Bayes risk associated with quadratic loss is proved with the help of martingale convergence properties.

This study assesses the effectiveness of different types of Jewish schools in producing adult religious involvement, using a sample of 1,009 individuals from the Chicago area and an analysis of covariance design. Based on his analysis, the author concludes that the type of supplementary Jewish education received hiy over 80 percent of those Jews who have received any form of Jewish education has not had any lasting impact on their adult_religious involvement. Statistical analysis showed that the relationship between Jewish schooling and adult religious involvement is not wholly linear. Schooling exhibits threshold, plateau, and ceiling effects; it begins to have an impact at 2,000 hours, reaches a plateau between 3,000 and 4,000 hours, and obtains a maximum effect at 10,000 hours when reinforced by other agents of religious socialization. (Author/3G)

Item compilations and booklet design for the main study 3.2.9 Assembling the item blocks for inclusion in the booklets 3.3 Scoring the Assessment Items 3.3.1 General method used to score the constructed-response items 3.3.2 Developing the scoring guides 3.3.3 Item release policy References THE TEACHER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDY IN MATHEMATICS (TEDS-M) TECHNICAL REPORT

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents o 92-26476 u 2 1 0} _ 0 ,,4 • iI•IifhI, I III~i•$ iI REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved I OM8 No. 0704-0188

It is widely recognized that teacher training affects the fidelity with which evidence-based substance use prevention curricula are implemented. We present the results of a 2005 survey of teachers from a nationally representative sample of 1721 public middle schools in the US (78.1% response rate). We measured fidelity along two dimensions (adherence and dose) and also assessed the number of hours, recency, and perceived effectiveness of teachers' training, as well as the degree to which adherence was emphasized during training. Among teachers using evidence-based curricula, 35.3% reported following their curriculum guide very closely. The average proportion of lessons taught was 64.9%, and only 30.2% of teachers taught all the lessons in their curriculum. Analyses revealed that teachers whose training emphasized adherence were five times as likely to be more adherent. We present recommendations for training-related factors that may increase fidelity of implementation.