Maria Edgeworth

The emphasis on the unique self in the Romantic period resulted in
representations of romantic love that understand the emotion as an aspect of psychological depth. In contrast, Maria Edgeworth’s 1801 novel, 'Belinda', represents love as function of visceral sensation and, at best, automatic (rather than reflective) psychological processes. To some degree, Edgeworth’s concept of love is influenced by the scientific culture she was implicated in, and in this sense she understands the emotion as a product of the external, observable world rather than of the interior mind. More surprisingly, perhaps, Edgeworth considers love as a function of high society, breaking down symptomatic associations of Edgeworth with domesticity. In 'Belinda', love is a product of both the logical scientific method and the questionable morality characteristic of
fashionable sociability. Standing partially outside of both the Romantic
emphasis on psychological depth and the empirical insistence on rationality, Edgeworth theorises a love which cannot be accommodated in the terms through which we have often understood the emotion from the Romantic era to the present day. In this way, love in Belinda questions the foundational concepts of subject/object and emotive/logical upon which many theories of love depend.

Ascendancy parliament and was joined in the union with Great Britain. The novels main focus is the decline of the Rackrents as the story traces the history of the family through several generations, but also the rise of the Quirk family is just as important. The

This article discusses Maria Edgeworth's first novel Castle Rackrent (1800) and focusses on the notion of instability, both on the plot level and the narrative structure of the text. Notions of degeneration and decay abound in the novel. Telling the story of the financial and moral ruin of an Anglo-Irish family and the ultimate loss of their their estate, Castle Rackrent has become the ur-text of the genre of the Anglo-Irish novel.
What sets Castle Rackrent apart from other examples of the genre is its narrative structure. The main part of the text is narrated by Thady Quirk, an old, devoted and appropriately subjective servant. His obvious unreliability as a narrator is juxtaposed with a critical apparatus provided by a fictional editor. Instead of clarifying and structuring Thady's rambling account, however, the Editor also struggles in his role of scholarly commentator. Thus, neither discourse manages to provide a stable and reliable picture of pre-Union Ireland.

Kenneth Grahame, John Steptoe, Jenny Offill and Nancy Carpenter: these and other Anglo-American children’s writers craft fictions in which pedagogical efforts to delimit what others think or do prove toothless. What degree of directiveness toward others is ethically permissible or morally obligatory? By posing without resolving this question, these authors adopt a critically ambivalent stance toward paternalism that is not only in line with contemporary philosophical accounts of this concept, but also helpful for rethinking how we theorize about critical pedagogy and student agency.

Drawing on new archival research into book history, letters and periodical literature, this chapter explores the critical narratives around what it meant to be a woman writer between 1830 and 1880 via a focus on case studies of two Irish woman writers: Maria Edgeworth (1768–1849) and Mrs S. C. Hall (1800–1881). This focused approach allows a comprehensive placing of Irish women writers within the developing literary marketplace of their time and consideration of the extent to which the contemporary critical reception of their work has shaped subsequent scholarship. In doing so, the chapter uncovers a narrative of peaks and troughs, epitomised by periods of great esteem and critical disdain, and highlights the fluctuating patterns of visibility and invisibility of literary productions in the nineteenth century and beyond.

Si possono cambiare le condizioni del come costruirsi una conoscenza? Si può insegnare come reagire alle forze di mercato che vedono i giovani come dei consumatori? Riflettiamo sulla storia delle idee sull’educazione per rispondere a quesiti tanto importanti. In stile postmoderno, affrontiamo un progetto pedagogico e politico tentando di creare una relazione dialettica, dialogica e critica tra modernità, femminismo e postmodernità, dando spazio al frammento, alla molteplicità dei punti di vista, alle idee conflittuali e divergenti. Una pedagogia postmoderna sfida le tradizionali frontiere disciplinari. Dunque, il seguente articolo è strutturato in tre parti: breve storia delle Idee riguardo la funzione dell’educazione in Europa e in Inghilterra; breve storia personale e anticonformista di tre donne che si sono battute per l’educazione femminile; e idee per un progetto pedagogico umanistico postmoderno.

The article substantiates the view that Maria Edgeworth and H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko became the founders of the genre variety of family novel chronicle in English and Ukrainian literature. In the novels «Castle Rackrent» and «Pan Haliavskyi» the authors shows historical changes and transformations that happened to noble families of Ireland and Ukraine in the 18th century. By genre this family chronicles cover the story of three generations, and aren’t historical novels. The myth-ritual basis of the novels is the ancestor worship, which is desacralized.
Keywords: genre, a family chronicle, historicism, the ancestor worship.

This article analyzes the episode from Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent (1800) in which the spendthrift Sir Kit Rackrent abruptly marries “the grandest heiress in England” in order to repair his finances, only to imprison his new wife in her bedchamber when she won't relinquish her costly diamond jewelry to him. Thady, the elderly Irish narrator of the tale, appears to condone such abuse, perhaps because he is “shocked” and confounded by his master's bride, whom he describes alternatively as “a Jewish,” a “blackamoor,” and “a nabob.” I will argue that Thady's bewilderment over her racial, ethnic, and religious identities, linked with the “thousands of English pounds concealed in diamonds about her person,” associate Sir Kit's new wife with early colonial India given that “nabobs” and diamonds were commonly paired as the visible buyers and signs, respectively, of colonial rapacity during this era. Other references to diamonds in Edgeworth's works concretize their connection to exploitative colonial and sexual economies while helping to forge an associative link between British “nabobs” and European Jews by means of the Indian diamond trade. Diamonds in Castle Rackrent thus crystallize cultural anxieties regarding “commerce” – in all of the manifestations of that term – relating to both of these groups.

The high-relief and tectonically active Himalayan range, characterized by markedly varying climate but relatively homogeneous geology along strike, is a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate several of the factors controlling the composition of orogenic sediments. Coupling of surface and tectonic processes is most evident in the eastern Namche Barwa syntaxis, where the Tsangpo^Siang^Brahmaputra River, draining a large elevated area in south Tibet, plunges down the deepest gorge on Earth. Here composition of river sands changes drastically from lithic to quartzofeldspathic. After confluence with the Lohit River, draining the Transhimalayan-equivalent Mishmi arc batholiths, sediment composition remains remarkably constant across Assam, indicating subordinate contributions from Himalayan tributaries. Independent calculations based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicate that the syntaxis, representing only V4% of total basin area, contributes 35 þ 6% to the total Brahmaputra sediment flux, and V20% of total detritus reaching the Bay of Bengal. Such huge anomalies in erosion patterns have major effects on composition of orogenic sediments, which are recorded as far as the Bengal Fan. In the Brahmaputra basin, in spite of very fast erosion and detrital evacuation, chemical weathering is not negligible. Sand-sized carbonate grains are dissolved partially in mountain reaches and completely in monsoon-drenched Assam plains, where clinopyroxenes are selectively altered. Plagioclase, instead, is preferentially weathered only in detritus from the Shillong Plateau, which is markedly enriched in microcline. Most difficult to assess is the effect of hydraulic sorting in Bangladesh, where quartz, garnet and epidote tend to be sequestered in the bedload and trapped on the coastal plain, whereas cleavable feldspars and amphiboles are concentrated in the suspended load and eventually deposited in the deep sea. High-resolution petrographic and dense-mineral studies of fluvial sands provide a basis for calculating sediment budgets, for tracing patterns of erosion in mountain belts, and for better understanding the complex dynamic feedback between surface processes and crustal-scale tectonics. ß

This chapter explores two understudied aspects of Irish literature's transatlantic influences in the Romantic period. First, it provide an account of texts published in Ireland that concern African slavery and the transatlantic slave trade, written by pro-slavery sympathizers, white abolitionists, and writers of African descent like Ignatius Sancho and Olaudah Equiano. Second, it zeroes in on a forgotten Irish novel, Sarah Isdell’s The Vale of Louisiana, published in Dublin in 1805, which dramatizes the transatlantic, trans-Caribbean travels of an English family; addresses slavery directly; and borrows heavily from a canonical early American novel, Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland (1798). The chapter concludes on the other side of the “steep Atlantic,” as Sydney Owenson called it, and briefly addresses the publication and reception of Irish writers in the early United States, especially Thomas Moore and Maria Edgeworth, where they found an unpredictable and productive future.

This article argues that Maria Edgeworth’s first three Irish Tales Castle Rackrent (1800), Ennui (1809), and The Absentee (1812) respond to Adam Smith’s writings on economic rent by constructing a new poetics premised on the unequal conditions of colonial ownership. This poetics presents literary representation not as an individual act of “making,” but rather through transactions of “rendering” between differently enfranchised makers and owners. After demonstrating the importance of Smith’s concept of rent to his theories of free trade and national development, I show how Edgeworth’s poetics of rent adopts the language of laissez-faire economics in order to re-sentimentalize damaged relations between Anglo-Irish landlords and their tenants. By following Smith in grounding national development in the economics of agricultural rent, the Irish Tales propose an alternative to the more familiar frameworks of liberal development put forward in the nineteenth century.

Friendship has always been a universal category of human relationships and an influential motif in literature, but it is rarely discussed as a theme in its own right. In her study of how friendship gives direction and shape to new ideas and novel strategies of plot, character formation, and style in the British novel from the 1760s to the 1830s, Katrin Berndt argues that friendship functions as a literary expression of philosophical values in a genre that explores the psychology and the interactions of the individual in modern society. In the literary historical period in which the novel became established as a modern genre, Berndt shows that friend characters were omnipresent, reflecting Enlightenment philosophy’s definition of friendship as a bond that civilized public and private interactions and was considered essential for the attainment of happiness. She analyses genre-defining novels by Frances Brooke, Mary Shelley, Sarah Scott, Helen Maria Williams, Charlotte Lennox, Walter Scott, Jane Austen, and Maria Edgeworth, to show that the significance of friendship and the increasing variety of novelistic forms and topics represent an overlooked dynamic in the novel’s literary history. Contributing to our understanding of the complex interplay of philosophical, socio-cultural and literary discourses that shaped British fiction in the later Hanoverian decades, Berndt’s book demonstrates that novels have conceived the modern individual not in opposition to, but in interaction with society, continuing Enlightenment debates about how to share the lives and the experiences of others.

The image of the dead body in British and Irish literature of the nineteenth century recurs again and again as an abject symbol that functions as a broader critique of the socio-economic, as well as biopolitical, forces that produce these corpses. Through both the psychoanalytic and biopolitical category of the abject, the image of the dead body in nineteenth-century literature not only reveals the structural inequalities that shape the nineteenth-century economy through the biopolitical processes of abjection, but, more importantly, the abject and exceptional nature of these corpses demonstrates the ways in which the nineteenth-century novel, as a literary form, attempts to obscure or contain the everyday crisis of poverty. In the novels of Maria Edgeworth, Charles Dickens, and Elizabeth Gaskell, the presence of the dead body decisively disrupts the socio-economic narrative of normalcy and containment, resulting in a crisis of representation for
the nineteenth-century novel.

The Enlightenment discourse of education centers on the bosom of woman as the family gradually becomes a basic sentimental and moral unit of the society and the debate between nature and nurture fuels the campaign of maternal suckling. This paper aims to gauge the implications of breast-feeding as they are presented in Maria Edgeworth’s novels, on the child and the nation in Ennui and on the mother in Belinda. These two novels are chosen for investigation for four-fold connections: protagonist in disguise, issues related to breast-feeding, medical case study and self-reflexivity. The two novels chart the protagonists’ journey toward reconciliation with their true selves: the Anglo-Irish Lord Glenthorn, after recognizing the Irish nurse as his real mother, relinquishes and regains his title and estate in Ennui; Lady Delacour recovers from her breast wound while coming to terms with her true mis- sion as the heart of the sentimental network in Belinda. Written in the wake of the French Revolution, these two novels acknowledge the bourgeois ethics of work and motherhood as twin pillars of national health and security. The focus on breast-feeding allows Edgeworth to challenge the Enlightenment discourse from within. In Ennui, Edgeworth neutralizes the contamination of milk/speech/blood by revealing the wet nurse as the mother. The conflation of nurse and mother prepares her blueprint of the modern Ireland, in which the purely bred Irish gentry incorpo- rates English professionalism. On the other hand, in Belinda, she allows Lady Dela- cour to retain her subjectivity from complete compromise or “dilution” though en- sconced within domestic ideology. This paper seeks to show how Maria Edgeworth negotiates her attitudes toward women’s obligations in a dialogue with Mary Woll- stonecraft by refracting the rational dictum via blending contradictory proponents in Ennui and by foregrounding self-conscious performativity in Belinda. It is this magic “formula” (a term borrowed from modern industry of infant diet) that enables her exploration into the characters whose reformation centers on the bosom of women.

Keywords: breast-feeding, Maria Edgeworth, Mary Wollstonecraft, Ennui, Belinda

Recent trends in digital humanities have led to a proliferation of studies that apply ‘distant’ reading to textual data. There is an uneasy relationship between the increased use of computational methods and their application to literary studies. Much of the current literature has focused on the exploration of large corpora. However, the ability to work at this scale is often not within the power (financial or technical) or the interests, of researchers. As these large-scale studies often ignore smaller corpora, few have sought to define a clear theoretical framework within which to study small-scale text collections. In addition, while some research has been carried out on the application of term-document vector space models (topic models and frequency based analysis) to nineteenth century novels, no study exists which applies word-context models (word embeddings and semantic networks) to the novels of Austen, Edgeworth, and Owenson. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the use of vector space models when applied to these novels. This research first defines a theoretical framework - enhanced reading - which combines the use of close and distant reading. Using a corpus of twenty-eight nineteenth century novels as its central focus, this study also demonstrates the practical application of this theoretical approach with the additional aim of providing an insight into the authors’ representation of independence at a time of great political and social upheaval in Ireland and the UK. The use of term-document models was found to be, generally, more useful for gaining an overview of the corpora. However, the findings for word-context models reveal their ability to identify specific textual elements, some of which were not readily identified through close reading, and therefore were useful for exploring texts at both corpus and individual text level.

W artykule przeprowadzono porównawczą analizę toposu uczty w powieści ukraińskiego pisarza G. Kvitki-Osnowianenki Pan Chalawski (1839) oraz utworu irlandzkiej pisarki M. Edgeworth Castle Reckrent (1800). Obie powieści przedstawiają system społeczny i stan świadomości szlachty w wieku XIX, której styl życia, oparty na ucztowaniu, zabawie oraz innych skarnawalizowanych rytuałach, odchodzi w zapomnienie. Utwory pisarzy zawierają obrazy konfrontacji starych, dobrych czasów ze współczesną, dekadencką i odartą z dawnej wspaniałości formą rytuału zdegradowanego. Zdegradowany rytuał, choć oddaje społeczną strukturę i dawne zależności międzystanowe, jednak przedstawia je w formie prześmiewczej, krytycznej. Topos uczty i zabawy pełni rolę demaskatorską wobec trudnej ukraińskiej oraz irlandzkiej rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej.

The handbook offers a comprehensive introduction to the British novel in the long eighteenth century, when this genre emerged to develop into the period’s most versatile and popular literary form. Part I features six systematic chapters that discuss literary, intellectual, socio-economic, and political contexts, providing innovative approaches to issues such as sense and sentiment, gender considerations, formal characteristics, economic history, enlightened and radical concepts of citizenship and human rights, ecological ramifications, and Britain’s growing global involvement. Part II presents twenty-five analytical chapters that attend to individual novels, some canonical and others recently recovered. These analyses engage the debates outlined in the systematic chapters, undertaking in-depth readings that both contextualize the works and draw on relevant criticism, literary theory, and cultural perspectives. The handbook’s breadth and depth, clear presentation, and lucid language make it attractive and accessible to scholar and student alike.

BA Dissertation. Both modern critics and critics of the 1790s themselves have continually divided the feminist literature of this complex revolutionary decade into the radical or conservative camp. This Bachelor’s dissertation aims to elucidate how this categorisation is unjustified and possibly limiting. It analyses two novels by female writers, namely Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen and Belinda by Maria Edgeworth, using both Feminist Literary Theory and New Historicist Theory, showing that, firstly, the novels aptly reflect the complex revolutionary feminist ideology of the 1790s and by their mere presence influence this same ideology. Therewith, they comply with the New Historicist claim that literary texts both reflect the ideology of their time and reinforce it. Most importantly, through analyses of these novels this dissertation shows that the terms used to describe the two sides of the feminist debate of the 1790s, radical and conservative, are too clear-cut. Instead, the novels contain important elements associated with both camps, contributing to the debate, but in the end leaving it with the reader to pass judgement. Accordingly, this paper shows that the division of literature into two camps is an act more of self-categorising, and an act of maintaining it by modern critics, than a fact. Finally, it argues that keeping up this categorisation is a limiting of the potential of literary interpretation.

In this lively book, Ashley Cohen weaves a complex portrait of the imaginative geography of British imperialism. Contrary to most current scholarship, eighteenth-century Britons saw the empire not as separate Atlantic and Indian spheres but as an interconnected whole: the Indies. Crisscrossing the hemispheres, Cohen traces global histories of race, slavery, and class, from Boston to Bengal. She also reveals the empire to be pervasively present at home, in metropolitan scenes of fashionable sociability. Close-reading a mixed archive of plays, poems, travel narratives, parliamentary speeches, political pamphlets, visual satires, paintings, memoirs, manuscript letters, and diaries, Cohen reveals how the pairing of the two Indies in discourse helped produce colonial policies that linked them in practice. Combining the methods of literary studies and new imperial history, Cohen demonstrates how the imaginative geography of the Indies shaped the culture of British imperialism, which in turn changed the shape of the world.

Maria Edgeworth’s short story collection Popular Tales (1804) includes strikingly similar scenes of slavery set in Jamaica, India, and England. This essay resists the tendency to view such scenes as mimetic representations of historical practices of human bondage, and instead argues that the resemblance between Edgeworth’s portrayals of slavery in Jamaica, India, and Cornwall is best understood as an expression of the historical linkages between these regions in the context of what I call the “global Jacobin crisis” of the 1790s.

The protagonist of The Absentee ultimately fails to perfect his home in Ireland because the agents of his redemptive effort, including himself, bear the names and traditions of a past that his unruly tenants will never allow the present to forget.  Through the failed culmination of her novel’s narrative of reconciliation, Edgeworth not only demonstrates the impossibility of a cosmopolitan state of perpetual peace, but also the hidden nationalism that grounds the enlightenment notion of the cosmopolitan end of history.

The high-relief and tectonically active Himalayan range, characterized by markedly varying climate but relatively homogeneous geology along strike, is a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate several of the factors controlling the composition of orogenic sediments. Coupling of surface and tectonic processes is most evident in the eastern Namche Barwa syntaxis, where the Tsangpo^Siang^Brahmaputra River, draining a large elevated area in south Tibet, plunges down the deepest gorge on Earth. Here composition of river sands changes drastically from lithic to quartzofeldspathic. After confluence with the Lohit River, draining the Transhimalayan-equivalent Mishmi arc batholiths, sediment composition remains remarkably constant across Assam, indicating subordinate contributions from Himalayan tributaries. Independent calculations based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicate that the syntaxis, representing only V4% of total basin area, contributes 35 þ 6% to the total Brahmaputra sediment flux, and V20% of total detritus reaching the Bay of Bengal. Such huge anomalies in erosion patterns have major effects on composition of orogenic sediments, which are recorded as far as the Bengal Fan. In the Brahmaputra basin, in spite of very fast erosion and detrital evacuation, chemical weathering is not negligible. Sand-sized carbonate grains are dissolved partially in mountain reaches and completely in monsoon-drenched Assam plains, where clinopyroxenes are selectively altered. Plagioclase, instead, is preferentially weathered only in detritus from the Shillong Plateau, which is markedly enriched in microcline. Most difficult to assess is the effect of hydraulic sorting in Bangladesh, where quartz, garnet and epidote tend to be sequestered in the bedload and trapped on the coastal plain, whereas cleavable feldspars and amphiboles are concentrated in the suspended load and eventually deposited in the deep sea. High-resolution petrographic and dense-mineral studies of fluvial sands provide a basis for calculating sediment budgets, for tracing patterns of erosion in mountain belts, and for better understanding the complex dynamic feedback between surface processes and crustal-scale tectonics. ß

Analyzing Romantic conservative critiques of modernity found in literature, philosophy, natural history, and agricultural periodicals, this book finds a common theme in the 'intergenerational imagination.' The conservative intergenerational imagination cultivates a counter-narrative to the optimistic telos of progress and the punctual, liberal individual by contending that current generations receive land and culture as a gift from previous generations, and that the current generation bears the responsibility to preserve that gift for future generations. First locating the intergenerational imagination in Burke's Reflections and Wordsworth's epitaphic poetry, which chronicle the consequences of modernity and plead for intergenerational continuity in land use, the book then explores regionalist texts of the Romantic period, including Thomas Bewick's natural histories, Maria Edgeworth's Irish tales, William Cobbett's agricultural periodicals, and John Clare's poetry.

PART I: IMAGINATION
Introduction: Conservatism and the Intergenerational Imagination
1. Intergenerational Imagination in Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France
2. 'Their graves are green': Conservation in William Wordsworth's Epitaphic Ballads
PART II: HABITATION
3. The Politics of the Miniature in Thomas Bewick's History of British Birds
4. Conservation or Catastrophe: Reflexive Regionalism in Maria Edgeworth's Irish Tales
5. Subsistence as Resistance: William Cobbett's Food Politics
6. Anthropomorphism and the Critique of Liberal Rights in John Clare's Enclosure Elegies
Epilogue

The high-relief and tectonically active Himalayan range, characterized by markedly varying climate but relatively homogeneous geology along strike, is a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate several of the factors controlling the composition of orogenic sediments. Coupling of surface and tectonic processes is most evident in the eastern Namche Barwa syntaxis, where the Tsangpo–Siang–Brahmaputra River, draining a large elevated area in south Tibet, plunges down the deepest gorge on Earth. Here composition of river sands changes drastically from lithic to quartzofeldspathic. After confluence with the Lohit River, draining the Transhimalayan-equivalent Mishmi arc batholiths, sediment composition remains remarkably constant across Assam, indicating subordinate contributions from Himalayan tributaries. Independent calculations based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicate that the syntaxis, representing only ∼4% of total basin area, contributes 35±6% to the total Brahmaputra sediment flux, and ∼20% of total detritus reaching the Bay of Bengal. Such huge anomalies in erosion patterns have major effects on composition of orogenic sediments, which are recorded as far as the Bengal Fan. In the Brahmaputra basin, in spite of very fast erosion and detrital evacuation, chemical weathering is not negligible. Sand-sized carbonate grains are dissolved partially in mountain reaches and completely in monsoon-drenched Assam plains, where clinopyroxenes are selectively altered. Plagioclase, instead, is preferentially weathered only in detritus from the Shillong Plateau, which is markedly enriched in microcline. Most difficult to assess is the effect of hydraulic sorting in Bangladesh, where quartz, garnet and epidote tend to be sequestered in the bedload and trapped on the coastal plain, whereas cleavable feldspars and amphiboles are concentrated in the suspended load and eventually deposited in the deep sea. High-resolution petrographic and dense-mineral studies of fluvial sands provide a basis for calculating sediment budgets, for tracing patterns of erosion in mountain belts, and for better understanding the complex dynamic feedback between surface processes and crustal-scale tectonics.

The printed dialogue as a literary genre was highly popular in eighteenth-century Britain and attained a richness and sophistication, and a diversity of subject matter unlike other eras. The growth of the public sphere and the ensuing dialogism of society rendered this a peculiarly appropriate genre for this age. But, of course, the famously dominant genre was the novel. It is well known that Mikhail Bakhtin elevates the novel above all other genres for its dialogic nature; I argue that, in part, the novel is dialogic in a more literal sense and that the eighteenth-century dialogue develops alongside the early novel, overlaps with it, and becomes a constituent element of it. Thus many novels of the period have embedded formal dialogues within them.
One concern of liberal novelists, those with an interest in women’s aspirations in particular, was the exploration of more egalitarian relationships between the sexes, where mutual attraction also involved mutual intellectual regard. Amorous relations are typically the stuff of the novel and certain novelists envisaged an enlightened commerce of the sexes, finding the incorporation of the formal dialogue a suitable medium for fusing erotic and philosophical speech. Wooing fuses with dialectic as a prelude to an egalitarian and companionate marriage.
Educational writers such as Maria and Richard Edgeworth were committed to dialogic theories of paedagogy; the many educational dialogues written during these years were genuinely open-ended and not the monologic catechisms of other periods, as various writers have shown. The Edgeworths even transcribed actual dialogues with children in Practical Education. Thus we might expect to find that, in Maria Edgeworth’s own novels, the absorption of the dialogue into the novel was coloured by her own educational concerns.
The ‘domestic utopia’ of the Perceval family in Maria Edgeworth’s Belinda is an instance of the kind of companionate marriage envisaged above. However, the dialogue extends to the whole family, making the links with the Edgeworths’ dialogical paedagogy evident. A constant interplay of educational dialogue between children and parents takes place where the children pursue questions of natural science and of ethics through authentically non-catechistical communication.  This episode novelises the familial, paedagogical dialogues that Maria and her father had investigated as a foundation of their educational theory.
Edgeworth’s dialogic interests do not rest there. There are also formal intellectual dialogues between Belinda and, adversarially, Harriet Freke over her distorted variety of feminism; and as a Socratic conversation about lovers with Lady Delacour, thus exploring the terrain of intellectual love that I have identified in the practice of wooing—here, though, as the subject of metadiscourse between women.
This paper will explore the different modalities of dialogic argumentation and education in Edgeworth’s Belinda.

Eighteenth-century children’s authors implicitly exploited the fantastic and the improbable aspects of fairy tales to complement the persuasiveness of their moralistic teachings. Whereas the coexistence of chapbook residue with middle-class pedagogy in eighteenth-century children’s books has already been underlined in scholarly studies, little critical attention has been paid to the rhetorical effects exercised by the incorporation of the fantastic and the improbable in eighteenth-century children’s stories. Through appealing to the audience’s collective imagination, eighteenth-century children’s authors both derived from and built upon a set of common aspirations shared by a middle-class audience, thus cultivating a sense of what Kenneth Burke termed consubstantiality among the readers. Focussing on John Newbery’s A Little Pretty Pocket-Book (1744), The History of Goody Two-Shoes (1765), and Maria Edgeworth’s ‘The Orphans’ (1796), this study explores the modus operandi through which late-eighteenth-century children’s
authors sought to communicate serious messages by employing improbable plotlines.

Recent trends in digital humanities have led to a proliferation of studies that apply ‘distant’ reading to textual data. There is an uneasy relationship between the increased use of computational methods and their application to literary studies. Much of the current literature has focused on the exploration of large corpora. However, the ability to work at this scale is often not within the power (financial or technical) or the interests, of researchers. As these large-scale studies often ignore smaller corpora, few have sought to define a clear theoretical framework within which to study small-scale text collections. In addition, while some research has been carried out on the application of term-document vector space models (topic models and frequency based analysis) to nineteenth century novels, no study exists which applies word-context models (word embeddings and semantic networks) to the novels of Austen, Edgeworth, and Owenson. This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate the use...

This paper is positioned at the intersection of Literary Studies and Computer Science. It explores the application of computer based analysis to novels from the long eighteenth century and, specifically, examines the insights that are gained by using these tools to compare novels by Jane Austen and Maria Edgeworth. It also considers the challenges this method may present for Humanities scholars and the benefits of combining computational approaches with close reading.

The following argument comes to develop and modify existing interpretations of Maria Edgeworth's 1817 Harrington. The paper begins with the understanding that Edgeworth's revisionist novel, though written as an apology for her previous anti-Semitic portrayals, never fully abandons the shylockian myth employed in her works prior to Harrington. Rather, Shakespeare's Shylock invades the narrative, on more than one occasion, to reaffirm that the image of the money-oriented Jew is socially undesirable. The argument suggests that in her (failed) endeavor to move beyond the figure of Shylock, Edgeworth applies a Christian perception to render a “good” Jew. Thus, the novel's failure to subvert the rhetoric of conversion is due not simply to the revelation that Berenice is not an actual Jewess but rather to Edgeworth's Christianization of the Jewish characters in the novel. But even the figurative conversion and Christianization of the Jew do not allow him an equal standing in Edgeworth's socially constructed narrative. Although the Christianization of the Jew promotes tolerance, it does not encourage the social integration of the Judeo-racial other, whose assimilation into English society is weighted solely according to his economic worth.

The high-relief and tectonically active Himalayan range, characterized by markedly varying climate but relatively homogeneous geology along strike, is a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate several of the factors controlling the composition of orogenic sediments. Coupling of surface and tectonic processes is most evident in the eastern Namche Barwa syntaxis, where the Tsangpo^Siang^Brahmaputra River, draining a large elevated area in south Tibet, plunges down the deepest gorge on Earth. Here composition of river sands changes drastically from lithic to quartzofeldspathic. After confluence with the Lohit River, draining the Transhimalayan-equivalent Mishmi arc batholiths, sediment composition remains remarkably constant across Assam, indicating subordinate contributions from Himalayan tributaries. Independent calculations based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicate that the syntaxis, representing only V4% of total basin area, contributes 35 þ 6% to the total Brahmaputra sediment flux, and V20% of total detritus reaching the Bay of Bengal. Such huge anomalies in erosion patterns have major effects on composition of orogenic sediments, which are recorded as far as the Bengal Fan. In the Brahmaputra basin, in spite of very fast erosion and detrital evacuation, chemical weathering is not negligible. Sand-sized carbonate grains are dissolved partially in mountain reaches and completely in monsoon-drenched Assam plains, where clinopyroxenes are selectively altered. Plagioclase, instead, is preferentially weathered only in detritus from the Shillong Plateau, which is markedly enriched in microcline. Most difficult to assess is the effect of hydraulic sorting in Bangladesh, where quartz, garnet and epidote tend to be sequestered in the bedload and trapped on the coastal plain, whereas cleavable feldspars and amphiboles are concentrated in the suspended load and eventually deposited in the deep sea. High-resolution petrographic and dense-mineral studies of fluvial sands provide a basis for calculating sediment budgets, for tracing patterns of erosion in mountain belts, and for better understanding the complex dynamic feedback between surface processes and crustal-scale tectonics.

... In chapter five, "Perfectibility in the Revolutionary Era. ... But the only respect wherein his entries are privy to that purpose resides with their being uniformly uncritical of Lewis's ideas (including the ones he shared with his fellow Inklings, JRR Tolkien especially). ...

The high-relief and tectonically active Himalayan range, characterized by markedly varying climate but relatively homogeneous geology along strike, is a unique natural laboratory in which to investigate several of the factors controlling the composition of orogenic sediments. Coupling of surface and tectonic processes is most evident in the eastern Namche Barwa syntaxis, where the Tsangpo^Siang^Brahmaputra River, draining a large elevated area in south Tibet, plunges down the deepest gorge on Earth. Here composition of river sands changes drastically from lithic to quartzofeldspathic. After confluence with the Lohit River, draining the Transhimalayan-equivalent Mishmi arc batholiths, sediment composition remains remarkably constant across Assam, indicating subordinate contributions from Himalayan tributaries. Independent calculations based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical data indicate that the syntaxis, representing only V4% of total basin area, contributes 35 þ 6% to the total Brahmaputra sediment flux, and V20% of total detritus reaching the Bay of Bengal. Such huge anomalies in erosion patterns have major effects on composition of orogenic sediments, which are recorded as far as the Bengal Fan. In the Brahmaputra basin, in spite of very fast erosion and detrital evacuation, chemical weathering is not negligible. Sand-sized carbonate grains are dissolved partially in mountain reaches and completely in monsoon-drenched Assam plains, where clinopyroxenes are selectively altered. Plagioclase, instead, is preferentially weathered only in detritus from the Shillong Plateau, which is markedly enriched in microcline. Most difficult to assess is the effect of hydraulic sorting in Bangladesh, where quartz, garnet and epidote tend to be sequestered in the bedload and trapped on the coastal plain, whereas cleavable feldspars and amphiboles are concentrated in the suspended load and eventually deposited in the deep sea. High-resolution petrographic and dense-mineral studies of fluvial sands provide a basis for calculating sediment budgets, for tracing patterns of erosion in mountain belts, and for better understanding the complex dynamic feedback between surface processes and crustal-scale tectonics. ß