International Research Collaborations

All papers published in this conference proceedings have been peer reviewed through a peer review process administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a conference proceedings.

This article focuses on the impact of international research collaboration on individual research productivity in 11 European countries. Research productivity and international publication co-authorship of “internationalists” and “locals” (or academics collaborating and not collaborating internationally) are compared. The article uses a micro-level (individual) approach and relies on the primary data collected in a comparable format through a survey from 17,211 European academics. In all countries and all clusters of academic fields studied, international collaboration in research is strongly correlated with substantially higher research productions. Internationalization increasingly plays a stratifying role, though: More international collaboration tends to mean higher publishing rates and those who do not collaborate internationally may be losing more than ever before in terms of resources and prestige in the process of “accumulative disadvantage.” The competition is becoming a pe...

This report summarises the research conducted by the Australia India Institute for the Commonwealth Department of Education and Training on developments in India’s higher education sector. It outlines key areas of difference between the higher education systems in Australia and India and highlights the challenges and opportunities for effective engagement between Australian universities and Indian higher education institutions.

This article explores how five international colleagues from the USA, Canada, China, and Japan use self-study methodologies and online journaling to systematically examine the tensions surrounding the lived experiences of feminist academics in diverse global contexts. It draws from the theoretical foundations of critical qualitative inquiry, self-study, feminist epistemologies, and fiction as research. The main research questions guiding the study are: what is the role of self-study and journaling in an international research collective?, how can contemporary literature inform a self-study about the intersection of gender and career?, and in what ways does journaling with international partners support personal and professional development of multicultural teacher educators?. For 6 months, the authors explored these questions with one another in an interactive online journal. Collaborative analysis of the journal entries produced three major themes: fiction as self-study, scholarship as hope, and scholarship as freedom. The article concludes with the authors’ personal views on the importance of online journaling and self-study among educational researchers who are interested in finding tools and structures for navigating the contemporary women’s movement within academia.

Bioactive compound is secondary plant metabolites eliciting pharmacological or toxicological effects in man and animals. Legumes are valuable source of proteins and nutrients for the majority of the world population. Vigna mungo is one of the important legume crop extensively cultivated in India and other parts of the world. Pulses and legumes have been gaining interest because they are excellent source of bioactive compounds. Objective of this present review is to compile all relevant information published regarding bioactive components from the Vigna mungo. Various bioactive components reported in Vigna mungo were found and it includes flavonoids, isoflavonoids, phytoestrogens, phenolic acids, enzymes, fibres, starches, trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, lectins, saponins, tocopherols, fatty acids and proteins. This review clearly demonstrates that Vigna mungo is rich in bioactive components and these components are located in various organs of the plant.

Currently, the most sophisticated way of delivering distance education programs is through the use of immersive worlds, because both learner and facilitators must learn to interact socially and academically in non-tangible worlds through a de-centered and reconstituted identity. However, we believe that learning in virtual worlds should be connected to the real world, as it is the case presented here.

The purpose of this study was to improve the reading habits of low-income Mexican children in Guadalajara, México, and in Los Angeles. The paper presents a competency-based course  developed in Second Life and demonstrates the importance of this platform in launching an international effort between Fielding Graduate University in the United States and the University of Guadalajara in Mexico.

The viability of establishing non-colonial relationships between communities of the United States and Mexico depended on the adoption of critical epistemologies using ubiquitous communication platforms in order to improve equity and social justice through participatory action research activities.

This article explores how five international colleagues from the USA,
Canada, China, and Japan use self-study methodologies and online
journaling to systematically examine the tensions surrounding the
lived experiences of feminist academics in diverse global contexts. It
draws from the theoretical foundations of critical qualitative inquiry,
self-study, feminist epistemologies, and fiction as research. The
main research questions guiding the study are: what is the role of
self-study and journaling in an international research collective?,
how can contemporary literature inform a self-study about the
intersection of gender and career?, and in what ways does journaling
with international partners support personal and professional
development of multicultural teacher educators?. For 6 months, the
authors explored these questions with one another in an interactive
online journal. Collaborative analysis of the journal entries produced
three major themes: fiction as self-study, scholarship as
hope, and scholarship as freedom. The article concludes with the
authors’ personal views on the importance of online journaling and
self-study among educational researchers who are interested in
finding tools and structures for navigating the contemporary
women’s movement within academia.

This profile explores humanities research in China. Following a thematic introduction by Kam Louie, the substantive report by Brigid Freeman commences with an overview of the higher education system. It then proceeds to explore humanities research and cultural institutions, humanities research policy, funding and incentives, humanities research outputs, and international engagement.

Cross-border academic collaborations in conflict zones are vulnerable to escalated turbulence, liability concerns and flagging support. Multi-level stakeholder engagement at home and abroad is essential for securing the political and financial sustainability of such collaborations. This study examines the multilayered stakeholder arrangements within an international academic health science network contributing to peace-building in the Middle East. While organizational forms in this collaboration change to reflect the structural, epistemic and political expectations of various support groups operating locally and globally, the legitimacy of the international research and its contribution to the peace-building process last as long as institutional norms of academic enterprise – integrity, impartiality and collegiality – are sustained. This paper analyzes the reconciliatory strategies used by the collaborating health scientists to mitigate organizational turbulence, reduce resource asymmetries and continually build and rebuild bridges across stakeholder communities.

European academics have been at the centre of ongoing higher education reforms, as changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Discussing the academic profession, and most importantly, its increasing stratification across Europe, Changing European Academics explores the drivers of these changes as well as their current and expected results. This comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity: * Examines eleven national, higher education systems across Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) * Provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession * Confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses * Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education A thoughtful and comprehensive study of the changing academic profession in Europe, this book will be of interest to higher education practitioners, managers and policy makers, both in Europe and globally. Changing European Academics will benefit anyone whose work relates to changing academic institutions and changing academic careers. ................................................................ https://www.routledge.com/Changing-European-Academics-A-Comparative-Study-of-Social-Stratification/Kwiek/p/book/9780815396482..................................................... Table of Contents Series Introduction; Introduction: Changing Career Structures, Award and Recognition Systems, and Work Patterns; Chapter 1. Academic Performance Stratification: Inequality in the Knowledge Production; Chapter 2. Academic Salary Stratification: Productivity and Income; Chapter 3. Academic Power Stratification: Collegiality and University Governance; Chapter 4. International Research Stratification: International Collaboration and Productivity; Chapter 5. Academic Role Stratification: Patterns in Teaching, Research and Productivity across Academic Generations; Chapter 6. Academic Age Stratification: Predictable Careers in Volatile Institutional Environments; Chapter 7. Conclusions and Policy Implications; Statistical Appendices; Bibliography Features Presents a comprehensive, cross-national picture of the changing academic profession in Europe and confronts academics across Europe. Academics from major European systems and beyond can view their own academic trajectories within the mirror of a larger, cross-national story. Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education. Will feed into a range of study programmes within the field of education policy and higher education policy. Relevant at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels and in both in Europe and beyond. Author is highly regarded research and is internationally recognised. Summary European academics have been at the centre of ongoing higher education reforms, as changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Discussing the academic profession, and most importantly, its increasing stratification across Europe, Changing European Academics explores the drivers of these changes as well as their current and expected results. This comparative study of social stratification, work patterns and research productivity: Examines eleven national, higher education systems across Europe (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) Provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession Confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses Discusses new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education A thoughtful and comprehensive study of the changing academic profession in Europe, this book will be of interest to higher education practitioners, managers and policy makers, both in Europe and globally. Changing European Academics will benefit anyone whose work relates to changing academic institutions and changing academic careers. From the author: The book is needed for several reasons. First, European academics have been at the very centre of ongoing higher education reforms in most European countries. Changes in university governance and funding have led to changes in academic work and life. Traditional theories of social stratification in science do not suffice to explain the directions of ongoing changes as viewed from a cross-European empirical perspective. Academics are in the eye of the storm, and this book shows selected dimensions of the drivers of change and their current and expected results. Second, only in the last decade did it become possible to study the academic profession – their academic attitudes, behaviours and perceptions – from a comparative European perspective. Until recently, it was difficult, if not impossible, to present a comprehensive cross-national picture of the changing academic profession in Europe. Most studies were single-nation, and most published research on the academic profession was country-specific, with chapters being devoted to academics in the context of various aspects of changing university governance and funding. Third, this book is needed because it provides a panoramic view of the European academic profession, specifically the university sector, in eleven national systems (Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). Until recently, gaining such a perspective was possible only at a very general level. The quantitative background is 17,211 questionnaires returned across Europe, and the qualitative background is 400 semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted across Europe as part of the global CAP and European EUROAC projects on the academic profession (“Changing Academic Profession” and “Academic Profession in Europe: Responses to Societal Challenges”, respectively). Third, this book is needed because it confronts misconceptions of academic work and life with compelling results and detailed analyses performed on large-scale primary empirical material collected across Europe. It asks traditional research questions in new empirical contexts, and it also asks entirely new questions that are pertinent to the changing conditions of academic work. Finally, this book is needed because it confronts academics across Europe with new dilemmas inherent to the changing social and economic environments of higher education, as seen in extensive empirical material. Academics from major European systems and beyond can view their own academic trajectories within the mirror of a larger, cross-national story.

This paper presents characteristics of a new catalytic converter (catco) to be used for natural gas fuelled engine. The catco were developed based on catalyst materials consisting of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and cobalt oxide (CoO) with wire mesh substrate. Both of the catalyst materials (such as TiO 2 and CoO) are inexpensive in comparison with conventional catalysts (noble metals) such as palladium or platinum. In addition, the noble metals such as platinum group metals are now identified as human health risk due to their rapid emissions in the environment from various resources like conventional catalytic converter, jewelers and other medical usages. It can be mentioned that the TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter and a new natural gas engine such as compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection (DI) engine were developed under a research collaboration program. The original engine manufacture catalytic conveter (OEM catco) was tested for comparison purposes. The OEM catco was based on noble metal catalyst with honeycomb ceramic substrate. It is experimentally found that the conversion efficiencies of TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter are 93%, 89% and 82% for NO x , CO and HC emissions respectively. It is calculated that the TiO 2 /CoO based catalytic converter reduces 24%, 41% and 40% higher NO x , CO and HC emissions in comparison to OEM catco respectively. The objective of this paper is to develop a low-cost three way catalytic converter to be used with the newly developed CNG-DI engine. Detailed review on catalytic converter, low-cost catalytic converter development characteristics and CNGDI engine test results have been presented with discussions.

In this conference through our many sessions, debates, round table discussions, I feel that there is urgency to move away from generic models. New approaches need to be devised, or explored within local contexts and older ones such development journalism that needs to be re-examined and given space to grow afresh. Journalism practices, education and research methodologies should be informed of the alternative options, base their foundations on local knowledge systems, needs and values. As educators and practitioners, we need to encourage young people to learn and practice journalism in such ways that borrows knowledge from their communities and benefits them directly by sharing their findings with them.
Journalism research and education cannot be fully internationalized apart from the world-as-a-single-place and thus represents a key component in these social transformations, both as cause and outcome.

Global health is becoming an important area of inquiry and learning in North American research universities, stemming from on-going and new commitments to the field by multiple governmental and non-governmental agents. External demands for research and education in global health require enhanced inter-disciplinary, inter-sectoral and international collaborations, all perceived as growing trends but often not easily accommodated in universities. This paper investigates how four leading universities in Canada and the US have entered the field of global health, exploring the relationships among national contexts, academic structures, and institutional strategies. Content analysis of institutional records is triangulated with data from sixty interviews with academic leaders and researchers at Harvard, Johns Hopkins, McGill and Toronto. Resource asymmetries emerge as an important differentiating factor shaping the emergence of global health in the American and Canadian institutions. Domestic sources of support and previous academic structures provided important cumulative advantages to the US campuses in claiming national and international leadership in the field.

The Survey of Chinese and Indian diasporic scholars in Australia was undertaken for the Asia Literacy: Language and Beyond project. The project was led by Professor Ien Ang, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Western Sydney and the Asia Literacy: Language and Beyond Expert Working Group. The project was administered by the Asia Literacy: Language and Beyond secretariat under the ACOLA Securing Australia’s Future program. The Survey of Chinese and Indian diasporic scholars in Australia explored the role that Chinese and Indian diasporic scholars living in Australia play in the promotion of people-to-people links with researchers and communities in China and India, as well as elsewhere.
  The research literature regarding diaspora and increased connectivity with scholars in China and India is rich and compelling. China’s growth in research investment, publication and participation has been remarkable; while India’s growth in research publication and participation has increased substantially in recent years, supporting India’s depiction as the “sleeping giant”. Chinese and Indian diaspora are spread throughout the world, across all continents. Notwithstanding the important ‘identity’ issues associated with the concept of, and implications arising from “diaspora” assignation, this includes very large numbers of globally mobile Chinese and Indian scholars. These scholars play a vital role in driving innovation and economic growth, forging international collaborations and improving cross-cultural understanding. In Australia, the resident population of Chinese and Indian immigrants has rapidly increased, and now totals some 387,000 Chinese and 337,000 Indian immigrants (2011). The number of foreign-born scholars (including doctoral candidates) in Australia includes large and growing numbers of scholars from China and India. At the same time, Chinese and Indian international students are vitally important to Australia’s export education industry, while the recruitment of the best Chinese and Indian graduating students through “two-step migration” contributes to the flow of international scholars into Australia.
  The transnational flows of people and ideas and international scholarly collaborations have grown in recent decades. This growth has been attributed to the rising importance of global phenomena, dispersion of expertise, high cost of major research infrastructure, growth of information communication technology and ease of international travel. Concomitantly, the proportion of the world’s collaboratively authored scholarly publications has increased, as has Australia’s. In the globalized, knowledge-based world, preliminary concerns regarding “brain drain” have now turned to opportunities to leverage “brain circulation” and “diaspora options”. Globally, governments have developed diaspora policy responses spanning economic, knowledge-economy, migration, education and research and development (R&D) considerations. The Australian, Chinese and Indian governments have all recognized the important opportunities presented by expanding people-to-people connectivity and international research collaborations. 
  The Asia Literacy: Language and Beyond secretariat administered the survey in the period July-August, 2014. In total, 244 survey responses were received. The survey respondents were overwhelmingly Australian citizens or permanent residents. The vast majority was born in China (89 respondents) or India (85 respondents). The remaining respondents were born in Australia (11), another Asian country (35), a Pacific country (7), or another country outside the Asia-Pacific region (9).  Respondents identified their ethnic and/or cultural backgrounds in various ways, broadly described in most instances as ‘Chinese’ or ‘Indian’. Many respondents elaborated, demonstrating the complexity and layering of ethnicity conceptions spanning geographical, religious and cultural distinctions. The age profile was skewed towards mid- to late-career respondents.
  The respondents were highly educated, primarily doctoral degree holders, or holders of a postgraduate degree or postgraduate diploma. Respondents’ postgraduate qualifications were predominantly obtained from Australia, followed by India and China; however some obtained their postgraduate qualifications from the dominant export education players (the United States, United Kingdom and Canada). Over half of the respondents had stability in their employment arrangements, having employment in a permanent position. The respondents were overwhelmingly employed in a research-intensive position, from a wide disciplinary spread predominantly science and engineering. Many respondents were multilingual. Almost all were fluent in English and many were also fluent either in Indian languages (predominantly Hindi) or Chinese languages (predominantly Putonghua).

This paper presents exhaust gas emissions characteristcs of a new direct injection (DI) compressed natural gas (CNG) engine using a low cost catalytic conveter (Catco). The pollutants exhaust gas emissions measured were CO, HC and NOx with and without Catco. The Catco was developed based on catalyst materials consisting of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cobalt oxide (CoO) with wiremesh substrate. Both of the catalyst materials (such as TiO2 and CoO) are inexpensive in comparison to conventional catalysts (noble metals) such as palladium or platinum. In addition, the noble metals such as platinum group metal are now indentified as human health risk due to their rapid emissions in the environment from various resources like conventional catalytic converter, jewelers and other medical usages. It can be mentioned that both the CNG-DI engine and TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter were developed under a research collaboration program. The original engine manufacture catalytic conveter (OEM Catco) was tested for comparison purposes. The OEM Catco was based on noble metal catalyst with honeycomb ceramic substrate. It is experimentally found that the conversion efficiencies of TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter are 93%, 89% and 82% for NO x, CO and HC emissions respectively. It is calculated that the TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter reduces 24%,41% and 40% higher NOx, CO and HC emissions in comparison to OEM Catco respectively. The objective of this paper is to develop a low cost three way catalytic converter to be used with the newly developed CNG-DI engine. Detailed review on catalytic converter, low cost catalytic converter development characteristics and CNG-DI engine test results have been presented with discussions. © 2008 SAE International.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDAQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.ac.in%2Fsadhana%2FPdf2009Jun%2F467.pdf&ei=fDoZU6fBB8b_rAfllYHgAg&usg=AFQjCNGcoAGJ5CeCgDskEuVuXmqVZroG9Q&sig2=hzzINgMVEBQf06Ehb4oCjQ&bvm=bv.62578216,d.bmk
http://papers.sae.org/2008-01-1550/

A first-ever mapping of humanities research engagement across Australia and the Asia region, the report highlights the potential for building shared fields of knowledge, strengthening regional networks, and enhancing Australia’s reputation and influence in the region. It is designed to assist policy makers and researchers in government and higher education to make evidenced-based assessments about future research collaboration opportunities, and cultural and knowledge diplomacy initiatives. Volume 1 is now available (see attached). Volume 2 (forthcoming) provides a set of profiles which document humanities research strengths, organisational structures and policy settings in China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Australia – will be published online later this year.

In recent years, more and more international comparative research has been conducted in internationally and geographically spread project teams and international research networks, and comparative research has become a fundamentally collaborative effort. Accordingly, research in such projects has to cope with a higher level of methodological complexity than non-comparative research as well as with a particular socio-cultural complexity. This complexity can have an influence on the research process and therefore on the quality and validity of the results, an issue that has so far not been discussed much, neither in higher education research nor beyond. Thus, this article refers to studies that provide empirical insights into comparative collaborative research teams and illuminates why international collaboration in comparative research projects is both a source of " better solutions " and of " amplified complications " and how they are interrelated. On this basis it provides a conceptual reflection and delineates dimensions of task-related, methodological complexity and team diversity. While comparative research has specific methodological challenges that can be alleviated by international team collaboration, collaborative research has particular social challenges that can be aggravated in comparative research. The conclusion makes propositions for further analyses, discusses lessons for comparative higher education research and sets out implications for its institutional development.

This paper details the results of a pilot project that explored the use of Image-based Research and a new method of collecting visual data online. Image-based research should be the fundamental method for investigating visual, media and digital literacies, yet it has only seen a modest amount of interest. In pursuing this imbalance a small study was conducted availing of Amazon’s new online marketplace, Mechanical Turk. This crowd sourcing technology allows researcher requests to be submitted to a database where they are made available for individual members to select and complete. These are known as Human Intelligence Tasks, or HITs. Using Mechanical Turk, image-based data was gathered to explore the crowd sourcing mechanism itself with visual literacy as the pretext and insight into understand the visual interpretation of words as the intended outcome. Two HITs were created which asked respondents to submit visual representations, three per person, in response to word sets that were posted on the site. Each word set consisted of three words that varied from concrete to abstract concepts. The research and image data yielded some very interesting results of how people perceive and represent concepts visually. The conclusions, although underdeveloped in the scope of this pilot, suggest a globalizing effect on imagery might be taking place. If developed further continued research could help inform visually based literacy/media studies and usher in a new method of online data collection. The use of Mechanical Turk and similar methods that employ new media technologies have the potential to promote and further image-based research and inform methodologies in visual literacy, art education and other areas.

A five-day international workshop was recently convened at the Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku in Gabon to enhance international collaboration among Central African, US and European scientists, conservation professionals and policy makers. The overall aims of the workshop were to:(1) discuss emerging priorities in biodiversity and conservation genetics research across Central Africa, and (2) create new networking opportunities among workshop participants. Here we provide a brief overview of the ...

This article presents findings on international research collaboration from a National Science Foundation-funded study with 83 faculty in science and engineering (S&E) who returned to India after studying and working in the United States. These faculty members were brought up in the Indian socio-cultural context, but they were professionalized in the scientific culture of Western academia. When they returned to India to take a faculty position, they knew collaborators in the US with desired skills, including their advisors. Yet, returned Indian migrant faculty face significant challenges in establishing successful international research collaboration with their American peers. Interestingly, this is not the case with collaborators from Europe and other parts of the world with whom they had little connection before moving to India. Findings show some inequities that exist between scientists and engineers in the US and India that pertain to resources and attitudes towards collaboration.

This study examines the research performance and international research collaborations (IRC) of ASEAN nations in the area of economics. Over the last 3 decades international collaborated papers have increased in the region, while locally-co-authored papers have declined. Singapore towered among ASEAN nations in research efficiency based on geographical area, population and GDP. Vietnam performed relatively better in research efficiency than research productivity (number of papers produced), while Indonesia performed poorly. Overall, internationally co-authored papers were cited twice as often as locally authored papers except that both The Philippines and Indonesia exhibited almost no difference in how their local and internationally co-authored papers were cited. The study also examined IRC from the perspective of social networks. Centrality had a strong correlation with research performance; however, vertex tie-strength (a result of repeat collaboration) showed maximum correlation with research performance. While Malaysia emerged as the nation with the highest betweenness centrality or ‘bridging’ power, the US emerged as the most favoured international partner of ASEAN nations. However, collaboration between ASEAN countries accounted for just 4 % of all international collaborations. Increased academic mobility and more joint scientific works are suggestions to consider to boost educational co-operation among the ASEAN nations.

This paper explores the policy agendas and forces that drive academic partnerships in one of the rapidly changing and ambitious jurisdictions of East Asia – Hong Kong, SAR, China. The jurisdiction’s affinitive relations with mainland China and other neighboring Chinese societies, including  Macau, Singapore and Taiwan, shape new interdependencies that have the potential to spearhead change within higher education systems in the region. By using a multi-level analysis approach, the paper examines how global, regional and national interdependencies affect the policy agendas of academic partnerships.  The study is embedded into the larger discourse of higher education studies about relational dynamics between universities and societies at the time of globalization.

This report presents my reflections from a 5-day visit to the Faculty of Education (FoE) of a government university in Egypt in March 2015 with a team from the School of Education, University of Leicester, UK, as part of the European Commission’s TEMPUS Project: Capacity Development of Faculties of Education in International Approaches to Teacher Education.  Based on institutional visits, presentations and interviews with people working in the sector, I will sketch my understanding of the past and present status of the TEMPUS Project focal issues – Practicum, Teacher Professional Development and Action Research – before considering challenges and potential ways forward.

"This study examines international research collaboration among Chinese and Korean academics. International research collaboration among academics, which is generally measured by
co-authored publications, is an important part of the internationalization of higher education, not only at an individual level but also at institutional and national levels. This study uses the online Science Citation Index database from Web of Knowledge for the analysis and demonstrates descriptive results of international co-authored publication patterns. International research collaboration is defined as the share of articles published together with at least one author from another country anywhere in the world. The study examines how international research collaboration patterns have changed from 1975 to 2010 in China and South Korea. In particular, it focuses on the growth of international research collaboration, the main collaborative countries among Chinese and Korean academics, and the differences in international research collaboration patterns by academic discipline."

This paper presents characteristics of a new catalytic converter (catco) to be used for natural gas fuelled engine. The catco were developed based on catalyst materials consisting of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cobalt oxide (CoO) with wire mesh substrate. Both of the catalyst materials (such as TiO2 and CoO) are inexpensive in comparison with conventional catalysts (noble metals) such as palladium or platinum. In addition, the noble metals such as platinum group metals are now identified as human health risk due to their rapid emissions in the environment from various resources like conventional catalytic converter, jewelers and other medical usages. It can be mentioned that the TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter and a new natural gas engine such as compressed natural gas (CNG) direct injection (DI) engine were developed under a research collaboration program. The original engine manufacture catalytic conveter (OEM catco) was tested for comparison purposes. The OEM catco was based on noble metal catalyst with honeycomb ceramic substrate. It is experimentally found that the conversion efficiencies of TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter are 93%, 89% and 82% for NOx, CO and HC emissions respectively. It is calculated that the TiO2/CoO based catalytic converter reduces 24%, 41% and 40% higher NOx, CO and HC emissions in comparison to OEM catco respectively. The objective of this paper is to develop a low-cost three way catalytic converter to be used with the newly developed CNG-DI engine. Detailed review on catalytic converter, low-cost catalytic converter development characteristics and CNGDI engine test results have been presented with discussions.

Economic globalization and advances in technology have made it more feasible and even necessary to develop international research collaborations in global public health. Historically, collaborations in global research described in the literature have been mostly "North-South" collaborations in which the more developed "North" country works together with a developing "South" country to conduct research in the latter. This type of collaboration has for the most part, represented unequal partnership and rarely left behind a lasting impact. Recently, the opportunity for a new kind of international research partnership has emerged in which the host country has significant financial resources, but relatively limited expertise in research Methodology or techniques and research implementation. This type of collaboration features a relative equalization of power between the international partners. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of building ...

Since 1984, the European Union has established seven Framework Programmes for research and technological development, in which funding activities are seen as a key concept to link Europe's research excellence in transnational R&D networks. The rise of European technology policies is due to the fact that the innovation process is perceived as a complex and highly dynamic process, in which market failure can be prevented by creating linkages between science and technology. To gain leadership in key scientific and technology areas, the research Framework Programmes support cooperation between universities, industry, research centres and public authorities, aimed at creating durable cooperation links and better integration and coordination of research efforts across the European Union. The FP6 funded research project NEMO -Network Models, Governance and R&D collaboration networks -aims to investigate the interplay between political governance, structure and function in the European Framework Programmes. NEMO focuses on R&D collaboration networks both at the programme and project levels. In this paper we take a closer look at intra-project collaboration that has been induced by EU Framework Programmes and focus on individual projects and researchers. We look at expectations and motivations of organisations in participating in collaborative R&D projects; we study criteria for partner choice in current and future R&D projects and we look at intra-project linkages especially in terms of doing joint research. Also the perceived problems, challenges and rewards of multidisciplinary and inter-organisational collaboration are discussed.

This paper describes the interview study investigating the network formation and dynamics of knowledge production within EU Framework Programme funded R&D projects. Drawing from seven projects in EU"s New and Emerging Science and Technology programme (NEST) in the Sixth Framework Programme, this qualitative study explores how the partnerships in EU-funded R&D collaboration projects are formed and dissolved, what motivates individuals and organisations for collaboration or non-collaboration with certain partners, and how knowledge production and learning takes place in the inter-organisational collaboration projects. The aim of this paper is to record the research design and present the internal collaboration rules extracted from the studied cases, as well as to formulate a set of stylised rules for the purposes of the NEMO"s agent based model (SKEIN).

The paper presents a new approach to the quantification of simulation fidelity based on an analysis of pilot guidance strategy. The manoeuvre guidance portrait is conceived as the solution to a low order equivalent system, and to properly allow for pilot adaptation to changing cues and task demands, the model parameters are allowed to vary. Thus the concept of the Adaptive Pilot Model is proposed and developed. The theoretical foundation to the concept is developed using the familiar spatial variables in flight control, such as distance and speed. Motion is then transformed into temporal variables and drawing on the theory of τ(t)-coupling from visual flow theory, (τ(t) is the instantaneous time to stop) the ADP model is shown to simplify into a much simpler algebraic relationship when the pilot maintains constant τ& during a deceleration. If we make assumptions about the separation of guidance and stabilisation control strategy, pilot guidance feedback gains are then simply related to frequency and damping of the ADP structure. Results are presented from the analysis of simulation trials with pilots flying an acceleration-deceleration manoeuvre that show strong correlation with the τ(t)-based guidance strategy. The interpretation of the theory in terms of simulation fidelity criteria is discussed.

Biodiversity loss and climate change are both globally significant issues that must be addressed through collaboration across countries and disciplines. With the December 2015 COP21 climate conference in Paris and the recent creation of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), it has become critical to evaluate the capacity for global research networks to develop at the interface between biodiversity and climate change. In the context of the European Union (EU) strategy to stand as a world leader in tackling global challenges, the European Commission has promoted ties between the EU and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in science, technology and innovation. However, it is not clear how these significant interactions impact scientific cooperation at the interface of biodiversity and climate change. We looked at research collaborations between two major regions-the European Research Area (ERA) and LAC-that addressed both biodiversity and clim...

Here is a written account of the archaeology summer school I have facilitated in early July, a collaboration in the field of comparative Mediterranean/Chinese early imperial material culture between Renmin University of China and the University of Geneva. This document summarises the project draft, elements of logistic coordination and a short description of practicals/lecturing/seminars delivered for the 10 MA and PHD students from Renmin University archaeology.

A photographic report of the workshop can be viewed on: https://archaeolinks.com/Renmin-UniGe_2018/

A fundamental problem in the field of the social studies of science is how to
measure the patterns of international scientific collaboration to analyse the structure and
evolution of scientific fields. This study here confronts the problem by developing an
allometric model of morphological changes in order to measure and analyse the relative
growth of international research collaboration in comparison with domestic collaboration
only for fields of science. Statistical analysis, based on data of internationally co-authored
papers from National Science Foundation (1997–2012 period), shows an acceleration (a
disproportionate relative growth) of collaboration patterns in medical sciences, social
sciences, geosciences, agricultural sciences, and psychology (predominantly applied
fields). By contrast, some predominantly basic fields, including physics and mathematics,
have lower levels of relative growth in international scientific collaboration. These characteristics
of patterns of international research collaboration seem to be vital contributing
factors for the evolution of the social dynamics and social construction of science. The
main aim of this article is therefore to clarify the on-going evolution of scientific fields that
might be driven by the plexus (interwoven combination of parts in a system) of research
disciplines, which generates emerging research fields with high growth rates of international
scientific collaboration.
Keywords International research

Why should geographers collaborate beyond national borders? In this chapter, we take stock of the status of geographic collaboration in the Americas and, through the use of case studies and the results of AAG research, illustrate how these practices enhance research and education in the discipline.  We begin by situating our discussion in the research literature on international collaboration in higher education and what is known to further its reach and impact in academic disciplines.  Drawing on the results of an NSF-funded study known as AAMIGA (Advancing Academe: A Multi-dimensional Investigation of Geography in the Americas) as well as international education projects by the AAG, we then document a broad range of international collaborations practiced by geographers in the Americas, noting how AAG programs and other mechanisms support each form of collaboration.  The chapter concludes by identifying a series of challenges and opportunities that we argue must be considered in order for geographic collaboration in the Americas to reach its full potential and by presenting a set of recommendations stemming from AAG research for building on existing networks and resources to support and sustain work by geographers working together across the Americas.

This working paper offers an annotated bibliography on studies in research collaboration. It identifies different research areas and presents existing research results. The aim of the paper is to provide orientation for researchers interested in approaching this diverse and important research topic.

Six case studies of international cooperation at the subfield level are presented and compared. The cases examine international collaboration by detailing co-authorship links among researchers by field, evidenced at the level of the nation. Cases are offered based on possible drivers for collaboration: sharing ideas, cooperating around equipment, cooperating around resources, and exchanging data. Scientometric and network analysis of linkages are presented and discussed for each of the six cases: astrophysics, geophysics, mathematical logic, polymers, soil science, and virology. Visualizations of the cosine matrices within each field are compared for 1990 and 2000. The research shows that international collaboration grew in all the fields at rates higher than the international average. The possibility that rapid increases in international collaboration in science can be attributed in part to certain drivers related to access to resources or equipment sharing could not be upheld by the data. Other possible explanations for the rapid growth of collaboration are offered, including the possibility that weak ties evidenced by geographically remote collaboration can promote new knowledge creation.

Biodiversity loss and climate change are both globally significant issues that must be addressed through collaboration across countries and disciplines. With the December 2015 COP21 climate conference in Paris and the recent creation of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), it has become critical to evaluate the capacity for global research networks to develop at the interface between biodiversity and climate change. In the context of the European Union (EU) strategy to stand as a world leader in tackling global challenges, the European Commission has promoted ties between the EU and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in science, technology and innovation. However, it is not clear how these significant interactions impact scientific cooperation at the interface of biodiversity and climate change. We looked at research collaborations between two major regions—the European Research Area (ERA) and LAC—that addressed both biodiversity and climate change. We analysed the temporal evolution of these collaborations, whether they were led by ERA or LAC teams, and which research domains they covered. We surveyed publications listed on the Web of Science that were authored by researchers from both the ERA and LAC and that were published between 2003 and 2013. We also run similar analyses on other topics and other continents to provide baseline comparisons. Our results revealed a steady increase in scientific co-authorships between ERA and LAC countries as a result of the increasingly complex web of relationships that has been weaved among scientists from the two regions. The ERA-LAC co-authorship increase for biodiversity and climate change was higher than those reported for other topics and for collaboration with other continents. We also found strong differences in international collaboration patterns within the LAC: co-publications were fewest from researchers in low- and lower-middle-income countries and most prevalent from research- ers in emerging countries like Mexico and Brazil. Overall, interdisciplinary publications rep- resented 25.8% of all publications at the interface of biodiversity and climate change in the ERA-LAC network. Further scientific collaborations should be promoted 1) to prevent less developed countries from being isolated from the global cooperation network, 2) to ensure that scientists from these countries are trained to lead visible and recognized biodiversity and climate change research, and 3) to develop common study models that better integrate multiple scientific disciplines and better support decision-making.

The Department of Biomedical Engineering, at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya was established in the 1997/1998 academic session with an intake of 20 students and five academic staff. The Department has undergone numerous changes in the structure of its degree programme, with each one of them recognised and fully accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Council and Ministry of Higher Education. The Department has played an active role at national and global levels, in the areas of biomedical engineering education and research collaboration. Several initiatives have been planned to ensure the Department stays at the forefront of disseminating biomedical engineering innovations in Malaysia.