International Journalism

A sizeable portion of our everyday knowledge about sub-Saharan Africa comes from the work of international news reporters stationed on the continent. Even though they play a critical role in communicating about the distant Other (communication frequently criticised for its representational deficits), scholarly empirical research on the work of foreign correspondents has been neglected: it is now decades old and lacks a systematic examination of the on-the-ground realities of journalism in Africa. This chapter is about the socio-demographics, the professional cultures, and the news work of these individuals. It examines long-term trajectories in international journalism combined with short-term developments resulting from transformations in microelectronics and digitisation. Three main lines of inquiry are outlined: who is actually reporting across the continent, what are the main characteristics of the occupational cultures in place, and what are the constraints that limit the range of news workers’ production routines?

This study explores how recent global news startups have connected freelancers with traditional news organizations. Through 10 interviews with founders and editors, the results reveal a networked marketplace of global journalism: the startups build on new technologies as well as on-the-ground evidence as their business model and de-localize the distribution of news within a digital marketplace. Supplemented by a content analysis of their edited stories (N = 226), global journalism as an outcome of this marketplace is discussed.

Trinta anos depois dos debates sobre a Nova Ordem Mundial da Informação e Comunicação (NOMIC), as desigualdades nos fluxos globais de informação permanecem,porém num contexto em que a produção e a circulação são facilitadas pelas novas tecnologias (NTICs). Este trabalho identifica fatores que contribuem para este aparente paradoxo e propõe mudanças na práxis jornalística – particularmente na cobertura internacional – que podem permitir aos países em desenvolvimento alcançar os objetivos pleiteados pela NOMIC.

(fevereiro de 2009)

The purpose of this study is to find out how British and Flemish newspapers reported about the coup attempt in Turkey on July 15th, 2016. More specifically, this dissertation will analyse the newspaper-articles about the failed coup that were published in The Times, The Sun, Het Laatste Nieuws and De Standaard between July 15, 2016 and September 15, 2016. In this comparative analysis the focus is on the positive, neutral or negative comments concerning Erdogan and the AKP vs. Gülen and the opposition, the tabloidization of the reports and the interpretive nature of the articles. First of all, the results show that the western media are rather negative about Erdogan and his party of AKP, while they take a rather neutral stance towards Gülen and the opposition. Secondly, the tabloidization of the foreign news appears to be less intense than expected. And finally, the interpretive nature of the studied reports seems to be dependent on the level of tabloidization of the newspaper. The culturally bound journalistic models are not completely outdated, but there should be some adjustments in terms of tabloidization.

Many culinary entrepreneurs in food delivery apps as promotional media to increase sales volume. By using a smartphone and opening the Grabfood, Gofood and Shopeefood, consumers can order food from culinary entrepreneurs who are culinary partners. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of sales volume of culinary entrepreneurs who use the application of three food delivery apps as a promotional medium. The selection of a qualitative approach in this research is based on several concepts or opinions, then developed through empirical data collected so that the results of this study can describe a complex reality. The results of this study (1) 21 informants who are culinary partners of three food delivery apps, stated that they were very satisfied, and there was a significant increase in sales volume by 51%. (2) Their daily sales volume is the largest, the first is from Shopeefood at 48.19%, the second is from Gofood at 26.39%, and then is from Grabfood at 25.42%. (3) The supporting factors using three food delivery apps are the Internet Network, Smartphone, and Weather. (4) Inhibiting factors, the lack of ability of business actors to attract potential consumers in intense competition in three food delivery apps.

Resumo: Este trabalho propõe realizar um resgate teórico daquilo que já se sabe sobre a especialização jornalística denominada de Jornalismo de Guerra. Sendo assim, a ideia consiste em expor a história da cobertura midiática de conflitos armados no mundo e no Brasil-desde os tempos mais remotos até a atual era tecnológica. Além disso, o trabalho visa também a observar algumas características teóricas e práticas do Jornalismo de Guerra, atentando-se especialmente aos desafios da profissão além dos campos de batalha, como a censura governamental, por exemplo. Nesse caso, a Análise de Discurso Francesa, especialmente a Teoria Semiolinguística de Patrick Charaudeau, é considerada um bom aparato teórico-metodológico para analisar a questão do discurso produzido pela correspondência de guerra, o que envolve as ideologias, disputas de poder e outros fatores contextuais que interferem na prática jornalística. Vale ressaltar também que este trabalho objetiva também a auxiliar as futuras pesquisas sobre o tema, uma vez que os estudos acerca do Jornalismo de Guerra (ou da Correspondência de Guerra) ainda são limitados na academia brasileira até o presente momento deste estudo.

Palavras-chave: jornalismo de guerra; correspondência de guerra; jornalismo internacional; jornalismo de guerra no Brasil.

Abstract: This work proposes to realize a theoretical rescue of what is already known about the journalistic specialization called War Journalism. Thus, the idea is to expose the history of the media coverage of armed conflicts in the world and in Brazil-from the earliest times to the present technological era. In addition, the paper also aims to observe some theoretical and practical characteristics of the War Journalism, paying special attention to the challenges of the profession beyond the battlefields, such as government censorship, for example. In this case, the French Discourse Analysis, especially the Semiolinguistic Theory by Patrick Charaudeau, is considered a good theoretical-methodological apparatus to analyze the issue of discourse produced by war correspondence, which involves ideologies, power disputes and other contextual factors which interfere with journalistic practice. It's also worth mentioning that this work also aims to support future research on the subject, since studies about War Journalism (or War Correspondence) are still limited in the Brazilian academy up to the present moment of this study.

منذ أن كتب جيل الرواد عن المدرسة الاشتراكية في الإعلام لم تصدر دور النشر العربية شيئا عن إعلام ما بعد زلزال انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي السابق، وقد تعرض الإعلام الروسي في ربع القرن الأخير لانقلابات عدة على صعيد الملكية والحرية وسياسات التحرير وكذا على صعيد طبيعة جمهوره وصحفييه، ويحاول هذا الكتاب أن يقدم صورة بانورامية عن الإعلام الروسي، خاصة علاقته بالسلطة السياسية ورجال الأعمال، في الفترة التي سيطر فيها بوتين على مقدرات الأمة الروسية.

Após 25 anos do Relatório MacBride e dos debates sobre a Nova Ordem Mundial da Informação e Comunicação (NOMIC), as assimetrias dos fluxos mundiais de informação permanecem praticamente inalteradas. Embora a comunicação em redes e novas tecnologias de mídia tenham aberto um potencial imenso de mudanças na pauta, na edição e na apuração a distância, o noticiário internacional dos jornais diários brasileiros continua, em larga escala, dependente do material fornecido e filtrado por agências de notícias e veículos estrangeiros. Esta pesquisa identifica o impacto desta configuração no discurso midiático, focando na práxis do jornalismo impresso e na dinâmica das agências de notícias, e propõe alternativas à formação de pauta e à apuração no Jornalismo Internacional.

C’est la plus grande collection de données clandestinement divulguée jamais rassemblées et analysées par une équipe de journalistes d’investigation. Publiée simultanément à partir du 4 avril dans 35 médias internationaux, “Offshore Leaks” (l’enquête sur le fonctionnement et l’ampleur des paradis fiscaux dans le monde) a occupé 86 journalistes de 46 pays pendant 15 mois.

A l’initiative de cette enquête trans-frontalière, le Consortium International de Journalistes d’Investigation (ICIJ). Le monde entier a alors découvert cet organisme indépendant, ce réseau de plus de 185 journalistes disséminés dans 65 pays. Ce réseau s’apparente, dans son fonctionnement et les valeurs qu’il défend, à une sorte d’ONG du journalisme d’investigation. Bien que méconnus, il existe en réalité un très grand nombre de réseaux d’investigation de ce type à travers le monde.

En quoi ce nouveau modèle (collaboratif) de journalisme d’investigation permet-il aux médias partenaires de l'ICIJ de valoriser leur image? Dans quelle mesure la collaboration entre l’ICIJ et des médias traditionnels permet-elle de réaffirmer le “rôle de médiateur” des journalistes?

En nous focalisant sur le discours éditorial du journal Le Monde lors de son partenariat avec l’ICIJ dans le cadre de l’enquête Offshore Leaks, nous verrons comment le projet de l’investigation en réseau et les valeurs qui le sous-tendent peuvent être considéré comme une nouvelle façon de re-crédibiliser les médias.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse au fonctionnement et aux valeurs de l’ICIJ, aux caractéristiques structurelles des réseaux qui attirent les rédactions traditionnelles à collaborer avec eux, et à la manière dont Le Monde s’est approprié du potentiel de l’ICIJ pour consolider son identité au sein du paysage médiatique français.

Nous verrons qu'une certaine vision du journalisme se dessine, désormais inscrite dans un imaginaire professionnel internationalisé.

Nota Bene:
Le fonctionnement ICIJ est de retour à la Une des journaux des quatre coins du monde (et du Monde). Le 8 février 2015 paraissaient les "SwissLeaks", une enquête de très grande ampleur concernant les évadés fiscaux abrités par la banque HSBC.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether articles covering countries with different levels of proximity and relations to the U.S. would be framed differently in American news media. In particular, this study employs the Linguistic Category Model, a tool for measuring
language abstractness.
Results show that the variables regime type, development and conflict were most related to changes in the LCM frame. While increased polity and development decreased language abstractness, increased conflict increased language abstractness. One interaction (conflict + development) included in the model was also influenced LCM frame. Implications of this are discussed, and the LCM frame is identified as a discursive microframe.

Il nuovo giornalista sarà sempre di più un content producer: dovrà essere in grado di intercettare l’informazione, di analizzarla, valutarla, e ridiffonderla, possibilmente in diversi formati. È questo l’identikit del professionista nell’era digitale disegnato da Marco Marsili nel libro “La rivoluzione dell'informazione digitale in Rete. Come Internet sta cambiando il modo di fare giornalismo” (Odoya, Bologna, 2009; prefazione Gianpiero Gamaleri, postfazione Massimo Esposti).

Selezionare nella marea di informazione del web sta diventando il vero valore aggiunto della professione. Trovare news davvero utili e favorirne la diffusione è una delle sfide più difficili per chi vuole esercitare questa professione in un momento storico di grandi cambiamenti: le barriere di accesso, tanto per cominciare, sono sempre più basse e chiunque può fare informazione attraverso il suo blog o caricare un servizio video. La crisi attuale di molte imprese editoriali e la dilagante sfiducia dei lettori verso la stampa sono altri segnali evidenti di un settore al bivio.

È vero che la rivoluzione digitale apre nuovi scenari molto interessanti: la lenta erosione del potere di una casta, lo spirito di collaborazione e condivisione delle notizie, la partecipazione dei lettori e il boom del citizen journalism, gli straordinari sviluppi delle tecnologie di connessione (si parla già di web 3.0!) e il sempre più facile accesso ai servizi. Non ultimo la prospettiva di nuove figure professionali. Ma la rete pone anche delle
problematiche di non facile soluzione: quanto è neutrale il web? Chi controlla l’accesso? Chi garantisce la sicurezza? Come combattere il digital divide?

Problematiche che Marco Marsili, docente di Teorie e tecniche del linguaggio giornalistico presso l’Università degli Studi dell’Insubria,
direttore responsabile de "La Voce d’Italia" (uno dei più importanti quotidiani indipendente on line), prospetta già nelle prime pagine di introduzione, per poi affrontare in ogni capitolo tutti i diversi aspetti del giornalismo di oggi. Giornalismo inteso come processo, come lavoro e come industria. Ne esce un vero manuale non solo per chi fa questa professione o vi aspira, ma utile per coloro che vogliono capire di più dell’ecosistema delle telecomunicazioni, dei modelli di produzione e fruizione delle news, dei rapporti tra politica e informazione, degli interessi nascosti, delle distorsioni degli aiuti statali, delle problematiche aperte e delle false ideologie che circolano nell’era del web 2.0.

Ogni capitolo presenta in genere qualche elemento storico che rende più completa la lettura del presente e meno azzardata – anzi, sempre circostanziata e molto argomentata - di qualche ipotesi di sviluppo futuro. Si comincia dalla stampa: un focus sul panorama editoriale italiano e internazionale, il passaggio dalla carta al web, lo stato di salute dei giornali (non certamente buono), i rapporti tra informazione e politica. La chiarezza sulle dinamiche di potere presenti dietro i giornali non serve a innescare una sterile polemica, piuttosto aiuta a capire perché una
testata fa determinate scelte e non altre, e quali sono le conseguenze di avere in Italia solo editori il cui core business non è mai l’impresa editoriale: costruzioni, motori, moda, tutto ma non i giornali.

L’approccio è lo stesso anche per gli altri capitoli sulla pubblicità on line, le reti dell’informazione e del sapere (documentatissima la sezione dedicata alla banda larga), il giornalismo on line in tutte le sue articolazioni (tecnogiornalismo, tv su web, cellulari, peer to peer, video, social network…), la proprietà intellettuale e la privacy fino al funzionamento dei motori di ricerca. Tanti i nodi che via via emergono, a partire dalla crisi della stampa, la mancanza di indipendenza e pluralismo, la partita del digitale terrestre, il freno del monopolio allo sviluppo delle infrastrutture per la connessione veloce a Internet, il problema del rispetto della privacy da parte delle piattaforme di behavoural targeting.

Pagina dopo pagina il lettore si sente così più accorto e consapevole delle straordinarie opportunità che la rete offre per fare informazione ma anche dei suoi problemi, delle questioni chiave che bisognerebbe affrontare per realizzare un sistema editoriale più solido, capace di produrre informazione di qualità. “Collaborazione, organizzazione e innovazione costituiscono i presupposti irrinunciabili sui quali deve essere fondata
qualsiasi iniziativa che voglia avere una qualche possibilità di successo”, dice in sintesi l’autore. Come agire in questa direzione, però, non è di così semplice evidenza.

Proprio di fronte a un quadro così completo sembra ancora più difficile rispondere a quelle domande iniziali poste dall'autore: come sta cambiando il giornalismo con la rete? Chi sopravviverà a questa rivoluzione digitale? E soprattutto quali forme sta assumendo il giornalismo in un mondo di contenuti gratuiti dove il problema è disporre di un budget sufficiente a garantire la ricerca di fonti attendibili, l’accuratezza dei contenuti, il giusto compenso del collaboratore, la sopravvivenza di una testata?

Certamente Marsili offre “una messe rilevante di dati e di chiavi interpretative”, spiega Gamaleri nella prefazione, aiutandoci a formare “le griglie mentali che ci consentono di cogliere il cambiamento”, perché la più grande sfida per l’uomo è sempre stata quella di “padroneggiare la trasformazione che egli stesso ha messo in movimento”.

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menguji isolasi kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode refluks dengan pelarut aquadest. Pengujian isolasi kafein menggunakan FTIR dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, FTIR memunjukkan bahwa kadar kafein murni yang terdapat dalam kopi sebesar 50,6% dan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan perbandingan antara larutan standar (236,5) dengan sampel (243,5).

İfade özgürlüğü haklarını gazetecilik yoluyla kullanan kişilerin, işlerini hiçbir kısıtlama olmaksızın yapabilmeleri gerekir. Buna rağmen gazeteciler, sürekli olarak şiddet ve tehditlerin hedefi olmakta. Küreselleşme ve dijitalleşme çağında ise hiçbir tarafın, gazeteciliği ve ifade özgürlüğünü koruma sorumluluğunu tek başına taşıması mümkün değil. Dolayısıyla, söz konusu sorumluluğun hem ulusal hem de küresel düzeyde devlet, mahkemeler, medya şirketleri, gazetecilik örgütleri ve STK’ler ile sivil toplum tarafından ortak olarak üstlenilmesi gerekir.
Gazeteciliği korumaya yönelik ortak çabaları desteklemek için, araştırmaya dayalı bilgiye artan bir gereksinim bulunuyor. İşte bu gereksinimin varlığını kabul eden elinizdeki yayının amacı da, gazetecilerin güvenliğini bir araştırma alanı olarak vurgulamak ve güçlendirmek, dünya çapında katılımı teşvik etmek ve hem daha fazla diyaloğa hem de yeni araştırma girişimlerine ilham vermek. Kitaptaki katkılar, hem ampirik hem de teorik araştırmalar üzerine farklı perspektifleri temsil ettiği gibi, nicel ve nitel anlamda bilgiye dayandırılmış pek çok içgörü de sunuyor. Makaleler, yeni ve önemli bir disiplinlerarası araştırma alanının bilfiil ortaya çıktığını ve aslında temel meselenin aynı kaldığını gösteriyor: Gazetecilere yönelik şiddet ve tehditler ifade özgürlüğüne yönelik bir saldırı teşkil etmeyi sürdürüyor.

Journalism and democracy are closely linked. Some academics fear that the breakage of the analogue business model for journalism means the death of Fourth Estate reporting. This paper uses original interview data to argue that reporters are still able to produce coverage with significant socio-political impacts. Online tools now available arguably herald new, more powerful, cheaper, faster investigative methods that enable journalists to call power to account. In-depth interviews with 16 leading Australian and overseas reporters working for regional, state and national news outlets were conducted to produce detailed case studies including investigative stories that were selected in the finals of the 2013 Walkley Awards. Despite general reluctance to embrace new technologies, journalists are finding new ways to engage with audiences, news sources, their colleagues and rival media outlets to create high quality reportage. The study finds that journalists are able to continue their domestic Fourth estate role in the digital age by creatively using social media platforms, Web based communication technologies, reporter collaborations and organisational collaborations. They are also using these technologies to expand the scope of their work beyond domestic borders to function as an emerging global Fourth Estate, calling power to account internationally and sometimes globally.

This project aims to develop a system which converts a natural language statement into MySQL query to retrieve information from respective database. The system mainly focuses on creation of complex queries which includes nested queries with more than two-level depth, queries with aggregate functions, having clause, group by clause and co-related queries which are formed due to constraint on aggregate function. The natural language input statement taken from the user is passed through various OpenNLP natural language processing techniques like Tokenization, Parts of Speech Tagging, Stemming and Lemmatization to get the statement in the desired form. The statement is further processed to extract the type of query, the basic clause, which specifies the required entities from the database and the condition clause, which specifies constraints on the basic clause. The final query is generated by converting the basic and condition clauses to their query form and then concatenating the condition query to the basic query. Currently, the system works only with MySQL database.

War correspondents provide accurate, reliable, and first hand reports of armed conflicts, military operations and strategies, and the war’s impact on civilian home fronts. These journalists are stationed in conflict zones or distant battlefields and perform a central role in helping the public follow, visualize, and understand past and present conflicts. War reporters access frontlines, cultivate sources, gather a wide range of perspectives (from authorities, noncombatants, and expert observers), and share their news with audiences all over the world. This type of reporting produces live footage, interviews, and close-up pictures of war that are usually outside of the reach of ordinary citizens. The work of war correspondents is both difficult and challenging. These reporters are impacted by the location and socio-political environments in which they operate, external and psychological pressures, and are expected to meet tight deadlines while engaging across multi-media platforms. Throughout the history of journalism, war correspondents have been jailed as spies or held back by military or police. Scholars of media and conflicts have documented governments’ firm censorship efforts and goals to control information in the interest of security versus journalists’ difficulties to provide comprehensive, let alone objective coverage of wars. The question of how journalists source information in times of national crisis has been subject of much debate (Kellner, 2008). Over the past two hundred years, the practice of war correspondence has evolved due to changes in technology, military-media relations, including self-censorship, and embedding practices. The job description is fluid but questions of access, balance, ethical responsibilities and the materiality of portraying human conflict, suffering, and death remain part of the job. In the digital age, changes and expansions in the use of technology, video live streaming, multimedia platforms, and the rise of participant and citizen journalism have further impacted the work and demands of war correspondents (Allan & Matheson, 2013). This entry provides an introduction to the history and practice of war correspondence and reviews the biographies of noted American war correspondents from the mid-1900s up to the present.

We live in a changing world, and the focus on how things of the past were done in the media is now in tension with new ideas and evolving methods. From this backdrop, Ulla Carlsson builds on previous works published by Nordicom to present the four-section, 22-article edited volume Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition: Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age. Branded as a publication to introduce the historical significance of freedom of the press broadly (in the Nordic cultures of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) and the contemporary influence of freedom of expression and communication rights coupled by globalization and digitization on multicultural societies, Freedom of Expression is directed for academicians, journalists and non-governmental organization types to understand better the regional conversations involving the aforemen-tioned and their influence on the current media sphere (p. 10). On first glance, Freedom of Expression seems dense, narrowly focused and disconnected from the larger global conversations surrounding freedom of expression and press and digital innovations in a multicultural context. At times, one might observe the book's numerous generalizations, such as " globalization and digitization connect people and economies across great distances " and " limits of freedom of expression are not constant—they are marked by its cultural and social context " (p. 11). Although Carlsson's observations are accurate in establishing the scope of the publication, they might cause some readers to wonder if more succinct examples could have advanced the pace to the publication. However, the four sections of Freedom of Expression offer great depth in the carefully assembled texts. I will briefly discuss each section and present a few significant essays that provide a better understanding of Carlsson's publication organization. These articles serve as notable conversation starters for important topics. The text reveals a thematic pace and a methodical consistency that bridges the Nordic cultural and its scholastic influences on the world. The challenges and successes in the Nordic media sphere are not unlike those being addressed in other parts of the world. This is seen in each of the four sections. In section one, Rethinking the Nordic Media Model: A Challenge to Democracy (the smallest section with two articles), researchers examine communication rights and introduce readers to the media welfare state model in a Nordic context. This heavily historic section sheds light on the structures that have linked the Nordic welfare state with media policy measures. By examining the four over-arching themes of universalism, editorial

In the 1970s and 1980s, an unprecedent enterprise gathered developing countries in the field of communication: the Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP), a syndicate of national news agencies from nations of then-called Third World, threaded into an international system to exchange news, primarily among what is nowadays known as the South-South axis. The experiment was led by the state agency of Yugoslavia, Tanjug, andwas fostered by the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) within the framework of the struggle for redesigning the structures of international communication, known as NWICO (New World Information and Communication Order). During at least its first five years, the Pool meant a pragmatic answer to the Third World calls for a change in foreign news coverage and for opening South-South flows of information in a qualitatively and quantitatively balanced way. Moreover, the very organization and operation schemes of the NANAP were distinguished by de-centralization, pliability and free membership, all features grounded on the principles of Yugoslav self-management socialism and which would prove especially fitting to the production conditions in peripherical societies of capitalism. This thesis investigates the legacy of the non-aligned enterprise in current counter-hegemonical developments hinged on networks and in South-South cooperation for international communication in order to build information systems which are independent from the hegemony of First World news agencies.

Este artigo pretende constituir-se um guia preliminar para eventuais pesquisas que se debrucem sobre o tema, ao oferecer parâmetros de análise, indicar fontes primárias e secundárias, realizar um levantamento bibliográfico preliminar e apresentar uma proposta de periodização histórica para a evolução da Inter brasileira nestes 200 anos. Ao fim, trata-se de fornecer subsídios a demais pesquisadores que se aventurem a reconstituir o percurso traçado pelo Jornalismo Internacional produzido no Brasil e suas especificidades socioeconômicas, tecnológicas, ideológicas, discursivas e pragmáticas.

IJOAR is an Open Access online Journal published monthly. IJOAR Publication hopes that Researchers, Research scholars, Academician, Industrialists, Consultancy etc. would make use of this journal publication for the development of science and technology.

International Journal of Advance Research- IJOAR (Sci.) Publication is one of the fastest growing and leading Research Journals publishing organization in the world. IJOAR is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists and engineers involved in research to publish high quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or extended versions of already published conference/journal papers are all welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability.

This study tests the association between time pressure, training activities and dysfunctional auditor behaviour in
small audit firms. Based on survey responses from 235 certified auditors working in small audit firms in Sweden,
the analysis shows that perceived time pressure is positively associated with dysfunctional auditor behaviour,
while the level of participation in training activities such as workshops and seminars is negatively associated with
dysfunctional auditor behaviour. These findings suggest that audit quality is at risk when auditors experience high
levels of time pressure but also that auditors who frequently take part in training activities to a lesser extent engage
in dysfunctional auditor behaviour.

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова Факультет журналистики Кафедра зарубежной журналистики и литературы Роль юмористической передачи «Кроцца в стране чудес» в политической коммуникации Италии Выпускная квалификационная работа студентки IV курса дневного отделения Птухиной Марии Андреевны Научный руководитель: д.ф.н., старший научный сотрудник Урина Наталья Валентиновна Москва 2015 АННОТАЦИЯ В выпускной квалификационной работе исследованы основные функции смеховой коммуникации, проведён анализ еженедельной передачи «Кроцца в стране чудес», выявлены её особенности и место в телевидении Италии. Исследование описывает сатирический жанр на телевидении, в ходе работы формулируются положения о сатирическом контенте на частных и государственных телеканалах.

This study takes a theoretical approach of gatekeeping by assessing how transnational networks of news gathering indicate a shift in the conceptualization of journalism culture. Research on journalism culture, which has traditionally been conceptualized within a national system, is linked with the historical development of globalization to propose an analytical conceptualization of journalism culture in a transnational news-gathering environment. Based on empirical studies from the past six decades, the study presents three analytical levels of transnational journalism culture—evaluative, cognitive, and performative—that might provide a conceptual framework for empirical studies interested in news construction in a transnational space.

Esta tese tem por objetivo explorar as formas pelas quais a mídia noticiosa enfoca a Política Externa do Brasil a partir da cobertura realizada acerca das relações desenvolvidas pelo país no eixo Sul-Sul durante a administração Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). O Estado brasileiro passou por um processo de grande inserção internacional, e o incremento dessas relações exteriores teve entre suas consequências uma maior presença do país no cenário mundial, ao mesmo tempo em que nações e povos que pouca presença apresentavam nas notícias acerca dos acontecimentos exteriores passaram a ser tema da cobertura jornalística interna. O país se envolveu em novas dinâmicas, o que, nesta investigação, é representado pela análise da cobertura jornalística realizada pelo portal Veja – um dos mais acessados do Brasil e representante, na esfera da internet, da revista homônima – sobre a constituição do grupo BRICS (2005-2010), o envolvimento na crise política de Honduras (2009-2010) e nas negociações, em conjunto à Turquia, sobre o programa nuclear do Irã (2010). Ao longo do período compreendido entre 2003 e 2010, o complexo midiático-jornalístico do qual VVV faz parte se estabeleceu como um espaço de forte oposição ao governo Lula, questionando suas premissas. No caso da condução da política externa, o êxito da administração do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) acabou servindo como forma de visibilidade interna e externa. Nesta investigação, sustento que as críticas do portal Veja têm por objetivo diminuir o impacto da popularidade de Lula e, para tanto, a cobertura noticiosa é sustentada pelo acionamento de discursos e representações que expõem a utilização de estereótipos negativos, baseados em premissas políticas, econômicas, históricas e socioculturais de viés negativo. Para concretizar este trabalho, faço uso da Hermenêutica de Profundidade, como disposta por Thompson (2009), que reúne: produção e transmissão de formas simbólicas mediadas por tais meios; construção de mensagens comunicativas; e recepção e apropriação das mensagens midiáticas. Eu enfoco minha atenção especialmente ao segundo estágio, para o qual me utilizo do arcabouço teórico da Análise Crítica de Discurso.

La fine delle grandi narrazioni e lo sviluppo della tecnologia intessono la trama del mondo contemporaneo. Il moltiplicarsi di trame narrative sempre più frammentate, basate sulla rinuncia ad ogni pretesa di universalità, ha comportato la diffusione del post-modernismo inteso come categoria di lettura del presente: un profondo sentimento di disillusione rispetto alla capacità d’azione politica degli stati-nazione ha spinto le élite occidentali ad interrogarsi sulla possibilità di creare nuove costruzioni di senso. Le innovazioni tecnologiche hanno sancito il predominio della dimensione dell’interconnessione e hanno strutturato la contemporaneità in sistemi di reti e nodi. Se la guerra nella sua definizione più tradizionale rappresenta la continuazione della politica attraverso altri mezzi, cosa succede quando si assiste ad un vuoto politico che coinvolge l’intero sistema internazionale? Quando il predominio della tecnica diventa inevitabile, quali sono le conseguenze che la diffusione inarrestabile delle nuove tecnologie comportano rispetto alla conduzione dei conflitti del nostro tempo? Alla base della ricerca vi è l’obiettivo di indagare, all’interno di tale concatenamento di vuoto politico e dominio tecnologico, lo sviluppo delle nuove forme di guerra condotte nel corso dell’epoca postmoderna in cui alla dimensione fisica, caratteristica dei conflitti tradizionali, si affianca quella virtuale dove predominano le informazioni e le nuove modalità di comunicazione.
L’elaborato muove da un’analisi dei presupposti teorici dai quali si è costruita la categoria del post-moderno. Segue la disamina delle tre tipologie di conflitto postmoderno: il primo, in cui armi tecnologicamente avanzate e network comunicativi globali permettono la trasformazione dei conflitti in spettacoli senza spargimento di sangue; il secondo, in cui la guerra diviene il perseguimento di identity politics generate da conflitti interstatali; il terzo, in cui l’influenza di nuovi strumenti tecnologici e dei media tradizionali risulta preponderante ai fini della determinazione degli esiti dei conflitti.  Il secondo capitolo si concentra sul concetto di interconnessione muove dall’assunto secondo il quale con l’avvento del network state si verifichi una perdita di sovranità per cui attori statali e non-statali si contendono tra loro il potere tanto a livello simbolico quanto a livello materiale rispetto al controllo della violenza organizzata e degli apparati militari. Viene illustrato il concetto di MIME-net, military-industrial-media-entertainment network, coniato da Der Derian. Nel terzo capitolo, infine, si procede con l’analisi delle tre dimensioni con cui l’information warfare digitale influenza e modella la conduzione dei nuovi conflitti contemporanei: cognitiva, comunicativa e cooperativa.

This monograph is about the international news agenda in Brazilian media, specifically, the news volume and the lack of planning from the international section in Brazil. The country has ambitions to become one of the biggest worldwide economies, that is the reason why it is important to evaluate the press work about politics and economies subject. It is also relevant to understand how the international content is being handled in Brazilian media vehicles. In this case, how prevalent are the ideas proposed by the international agencies that does not give time for more dedication and planning of the foreign news. For further clarification, we compare the media coverage from the magazines Focus (Germany) and Época (Brazil), which was inspired by the German publication. From the Edward Snowden case – former agent of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has exposed the electronic spy system of the United States – is made a quantitative and qualitative analyses of the material collected in both magazines webpages in June 2013. Therefore, we intend to understand, trough a comparison, how Época manages its international section.

Riots that erupted in the northern Nigerian city of Kaduna over a newspaper article that some Muslims interpreted as blaspheming the Prophet Muhammad on account of Nigeria’s decision to host the 2002 edition of the Miss World beauty pageant captured the attention of the media around the world. This article investigates how the British press framed the riots in their opinion columns and editorials. Through an interpretive textual analysis of the opinion pages, the study shows that  while the ideological persuasions of left-leaning British press predisposed them to express opinions on the Miss World riots that resonated with what might loosely be characterized as the “Islamic perspective,” those of the conservative British press shared ideological similarities with what might be considered the standpoints of the “liberal,” predominantly Christian, southern Nigerian newspapers. This highlights the limited utility of such facile labels as “liberal” and “conservative” in describing the ideological temperaments of the press. It also problematizes notions of media imperialism and exposes the theoretical and empirical inadequacy of gazing at local religious conflicts from the perspectives of international religious contexts.

This article presents an interdisciplinary model attempting to explain how news is constructed by relying on the contributions of different fields of study: News Sociology, Political Communications, International Communications, International Relations. It is a first step towards developing a holistic theoretical approach to what shapes the news, which bridges current micro to macro approaches. More precisely the model explains news variation across different media organization and countries by focusing on the different way the sense of newsworthiness of journalists is affected by three main variables: national interest, national journalistic culture, and editorial policy of each media organization. The model is developed on the basis of an investigation into what shaped the media coverage of 9/11 in eight elite newspapers across the US, France, Italy and Pakistan.

The aim of this paper is to examine the perceptive of professional journalist on international journalism in social media age. Journalism is a long-established profession prevalent in society in the vast majority of the world. The rise of social media over the years has seen a significant influence on the way in which news is reported and digested by all parties within journalism, with traditional journalists taking on a developed role utilizing social media as both a way to deliver and to promote their work. The previous research showed that social media has become an integral modern method of communicating with one another). In fact, it argued that social media itself is a form of broadcasting news, however everything on social media is not news and it must not be used as news, journalism is a discipline; need a further analysis, ethics and explanation.

Ementa, programa e bibliografia da programa da disciplina Jornalismo Internacional ministrada na Faculdade de Comunicação Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FCS UERJ) no semestre 2016.2.

Syllabus of the undergraduate course on World News / International Journalism, second semester of 2016, taught at the Faculty of Social Communication, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre a possibilidade de interação entre os campos do jornalismo e das Relações Internacionais. Considerando os processos de newsmaking (TRAQUINA, 2000), entende-se que a produção noticiosa é uma forma de construção social da realidade, conceito desenvolvido por Berger e Luckmann (2001). Desta forma, analisa-se o jornalismo internacional relacionando-o à concepção construtivista das Relações Internacionais de Wendt (1992) e busca-se observar como as duas áreas podem se cruzar a partir das formas de instituição do real que mobilizam.

Resumen: la propuesta del siguiente artículo es problematizar la actuación de los corresponsales internacionales en la contemporaneidad, frente a las nuevas realidades tecnológicas y editoriales. Para eso, fue realizado un relevamiento bibliográfico sobre cuestiones relativas al periodismo internacional y al perfil del corresponsal, más allá de un análisis cuantitativo en lo que se refiere a la distribución de corresponsales brasileros en el exterior y de extranjeros en Brasil. El objetivo es articular la cuestión de las rutinas del periodismo profesionales ante los nuevos desafíos impuestos por el aumento del paradigma digital, que, potencialmente, no representa solo cambios del punto de vista técnico y tecnológico, sino esencialmente cambios de aspectos sociales, económicos y culturales que pueden repercutir en la práctica profesional.

This article conducts a discursive interface analysis of World Fixer, the most visible online platform currently connecting foreign correspondents with local news workers who can help them translate interviews, navigate unfamiliar places, and stay safe in the field. Placing Johanna Drucker's theory of the digital interface into conversation with the critical frameworks found in global communication studies, anti-colonial theory, and anti-racist communication scholarship, the goal is to illuminate both the opportunities that the World Fixer site provides its users, as well as the inequalities that the website still perpetuates.

This study examines elements of what has been defined as global journalism and compares online news stories of Al-Jazeera English and CNN regarding the ISIS threat. The empirical inquiry presents the similarities and differences in transnational news outlets’ coverage of a global crisis. The results of a quantitative content analysis (N = 320) suggest that different transnational news outlets shared common features in their news coverage of a global challenge but still differed significantly. CNN mostly cited governmental official sources, whereas Al-Jazeera English relied more on information from other news media. In addition, CNN mainly adopted a geopolitics frame focusing on the strategies of dealing with ISIS, whereas Al-Jazeera English used the dominant frame of existential threat. Results further indicate that elements of global journalism do not go beyond human rights issues.

Keywords: global journalism; transnational media; ISIS; CNN; Al-Jazeera English; content analysis

The November 2008 attacks on Mumbai stand as a key moment in understanding how liberalized Western values discursively construct the terms through which acts of terror may be understood. Rooted in the work of Foucault, this article examines newspaper coverage of the 2008 attacks on Mumbai from the Times of India, Indian Express, and Daily News and Analysis India. Journalistic narratives situated local values and identities inside a discursive structure that construed Mumbai as a victim of a new type of global terror whose threat can be stemmed only through America-centric policies of perpetual militarism. This paper argues that a critical analysis of the discourses surrounding terrorism begets an understanding of the terms that not only construct the attacks themselves, but also render sensible possible reactions to the attacks, even as Western values appear amid news texts published in domestic Indian outlets.

A sizable portion of our everyday knowledge about sub-Saharan Africa comes from the work of international news reporters on the continent. The profession of foreign correspondent constituted itself around a group of privileged witnesses of history, often immersed in a mythological aura, but the emergence of digital media has established some tension around a destructuration-restructuration of the journalistic field. The rhetoric of the pro-am revolution signifies the end of an era for international journalism due to the rise of citizen journalism. This research assesses how professional international news reporters are repositioning themselves in a transforming communicative environment, and how they interpret their own occupation and the role of rising actors in the transnational mediasphere.

Este artículo analiza las relaciones entre las empresas periodísticas del Partido Comunista de Chile y las agencias internacionales de noticias durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En base a un análisis de Frente Popular y El Siglo, y a documentación de diversos archivos, concluimos que los comunistas chilenos hicieron ingentes esfuerzos por proveerse de información noticiosa proveniente del exterior, estableciendo vínculos con distintas agencias, que tenían intereses y objetivos disímiles, entre las que destacan las estadounidenses United Press y Associated Press, la alemana Transocean y la soviética TASS/ SUPress. Ahora bien, la dificultad para proveerse una cantidad sustantiva de información noticiosa ideológicamente confiable los obligó a utilizar de manera instrumental la mayor parte de estas fuentes. ***
This article analyses the relationship between international news agencies and the media companies of the Communist Party of Chile during World War II. Based on an analysis of Frente Popular and El Siglo and documentary evidence from some archives, I argue that Chilean Communists made significant efforts to provide news coming from abroad and established links with several news services, whose goals and interests differed, among which the American agencies United Press and Associated Press, the German agency Transocean, and the Soviet agency TASS played a prominent role. Nevertheless, the difficulties of obtaining a substantial amount of news from ideologically reliable sources forced them to depend in large part of US news agencies and to use these and other sources of information instrumentally.

To start off the recapitulation of the history, trend and development of International news reporting, a brief account of press history of Indian media is necessary; to understand how and when it all began and why newspaper's representation of the world outside had become indispensable.

O presente texto pretende refletir sobre a cobertura realizada pelo portal VEJA.com da tentativa de mediação de um acordo realizada pelo Brasil, em conjunto à Turquia, acerca da questão nuclear do Irã em 2010. Sob a perspectiva de que o jornalismo internacional funciona como instância pedagógica (TRAQUINA, 2000), nos interessamos por compreender como o noticiário internacional se relaciona à instituição do conhecimento acerca do 'outro'. Buscamos a teoria das representações sociais desenvolvida por Moscovici (2003) para análise das notícias publicadas no site sobre a relação entre os Estados brasileiro e iraniano.

Many theorists would agree that, had it not been for reinforcement learning, the development of Boolean logic might never have occurred. It might seem unexpected but entirely conflicts with the need to provide the lookaside buffer to leading analysts. After years of compelling research into multi-processors, we confirm the exploration of IPv7. In order to overcome this obstacle, we use ubiquitous epistemologies to verify that the seminal distributed algorithm for the visualization of SCSI disks by Maruyama [1] runs in Θ(n) time.