Human Centered Computing

Markers denoting the location of landmarks and search results in mobile apps are used extensively in many applications. The presence of large volumes of markers clutters the information space, making it hard for users to visually differentiate between highly important or recommended locations, or to browse the depicted locations in order to identify suitable choices. In this paper, we present the results of a participatory design process to improve the utility of marker icons in a tourist application. We explore three alternative designs derived from this process by implementing and testing a mobile application that recommends venues based on their popularity (check-in count) in a well-known social network (FourSquare). Our lab experiments highlight aesthetic, utility and performance issues in marker design that affect the usability of mobile map applications.

Most engineering disciplines have methods and tools to help in understanding complex system interactions; often such tools help engineers develop system prototypes. We have developed a tool called Brahms that supports our method for modeling and simulating work practice. 6,7 Brahms is a multiagent modeling and simulation environment for dealing with the complex human-machine system interactions.

Le groupe de travail, missionné par l’Association Française d’Informatique Musicale, a mené une étude visant à faire un premier état de l’art des pratiques et des outils rencontrés dans le domaine du spectacle vivant, et en particulier dans l’intersection de ce champ avec celui des dispositifs temps réel pour la composition musicale. Il a lancé le développement d’une maquette d’environnement de travail, EVE, visant à mettre à l’épreuve les premières hypothèses générées par les discussions sur les prospectives de développement. Le groupe de travail a également organisé diverses rencontres avec les praticiens des métiers de la technique théâtrale, notamment pour interroger l’idée d’une mutation des pratiques vers une régie numérique. Enfin, la dernière phase de travail du groupe a consisté à mettre en place, comme son prolongement naturel, un consortium réunissant laboratoires académiques, structures artistiques et entreprises en vue du dépôt d’un projet de recherche Audiovisuel et Multimédia auprès de l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche. Ce projet étendra les problématiques posées par l’articulation entre interfaces de contrôle et d’écriture du sonore à la vidéo, la 3D et la lumière.

The capacity to estimate the head pose of another person is a common human ability that presents a unique challenge for computer vision systems. Compared to face detection and recognition, which have been the primary focus of face-related vision research, identity-invariant head pose estimation has fewer rigorously evaluated systems or generic solutions. In this paper, we discuss the inherent difficulties in head pose estimation and present an organized survey describing the evolution of the field. Our discussion focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and spans 90 of the most innovative and characteristic papers that have been published on this topic. We compare these systems by focusing on their ability to estimate coarse and fine head pose, highlighting approaches that are well suited for unconstrained environments.

Media technology—from mass media to social media and from video gaming to computer-mediated communication—plays an increasingly central role in people’s lives. Due to exponential increases in computing power, people now carry incredibly powerful computers—their smartphones—everywhere they go. This ever-greater access to media technology is generating an ever-greater conflict between media activities and the unmediated activities critical for psychological well-being—from our face-to-face conversations and family time to our down time and work lives. What are the costs and benefits of people’s modern media technology use for psychological well-being? Using a complementarity-interference (CI) framework, I review research to illuminate key psychological processes (i.e., mediators) and conditions (i.e., moderators) of the relationship between media technology and psychological well-being. Based on the existing evidence, I propose an initial theoretical CI model of the effects of media technology on psychological well-being. I use this CI model to outline important directions for future research, providing guidelines for an integrated, theoretically informed research on media technology.

In this paper, we explore people's perceptions and usage of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how it had changed compared to the pre-pandemic times. As salient findings, we report increased activity in social media, which followed both from the increased opportunity to spend time in social media, the need to be socially connected, and the motivation to follow pandemic related updates. The perceived emerging content visible in social media postings were face masks, home and outdoors activities, remote events, and different challenges. Social media also made people aware of the divided opinions related to the pandemic, and could lead to more careful self-censoring of own postings. Our study is based on interviews of 29 and online survey of 172 people. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing.

Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the semantic domain, but they focus on the social processes around the interpretations of new technologies, and do not address the conceptual processes of change in interpretations. The dissertation presents an empirically grounded case study of the design process of an open-source online software platform based on the framework of distributed cognition to argue that the cognitive perspective is needed for understanding innovation in software, because it allows us to describe the reflexive and expansive contribution of conceptual processes to new software and the significance of professional epistemic practices in framing the direction of innovation. The framework of distributed cognition brings the social and cognitive perspectives together on account of its understanding of conceptual processes as distributed over time, among people, and between humans and artifacts. The dissertation argues that an evolving open-source software landscape became translated into the open-ended local design space of a new software project in a process of infrastructural implosion, and the design space prompted participants to outline and pursue epistemic strategies of sense-making and learning about the contexts of use. The result was a process of conceptual modeling, which resulted in a conceptually novel user interface. Prototyping professional practices of user-centered design lent directionality to this conceptual process in terms of a focus on individual activities with the user interface. Social approaches to software design under the broad umbrella of human-centered computing have been seeking to inform the design on the basis of empirical contributions about a social context. The analysis has shown that empirical engagement with the contexts of use followed from conceptual modeling, and concern about real world contexts was aligned with the user-centered direction that design was taking. I also point out a social-technical gap in the design process in connection with the repeated performance challenges that the platform was facing, and describe the possibility of a social-technical imagination.

The use of Information Technology applications in almost all the sections of the society became one of the common practices in the society. Education, health, government, business, commerce, environment, and other areas, IT and Computing are plays a leading role. The Information Technology is also changing its shape and expanding its components every day. The latest in the list are Cloud Computing, Green Computing, Human Computer Interaction, Big-Data, Analytical Tools, and parallel computing. In the Government sectors, these technologies have valuable contribution and the magnitude of such contribution is increasing day by day. In the MGNREGA project, India, huge amount of information and computers are used and here these emerging technologies may be applied based on requirement and need. This paper discusses the potential applications of Cloud Computing, Big Data. Human Computer Interaction and Parallel Processing to improve the magnitude and speed of information processing in this rural employment project, which is officially termed as MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005).

In this paper, we explore the influence of street space visual qualities on human physiology and perception of comfort at selected street corners (i.e., Fumin, Changde, Xinle and Donghu Road, Jing'an district, Shanghai). The visual qualities of the street were identied by the physical space variations, sky visibility, wall continuity and the cross-sectional proportion. These three variables contribute to the "enclosure index", a dimensionless numeral which denotes the occupant perception of the street space. We used a custom biosensor kit to collect 15 participants' average heart rates for one minute measured at aforementioned street corners. We compared participant's heart rates when they looked toward the intersection (open street space) and looked down the street (enclosed street space) and we asked them to complete a questionnaire on comfort level. The data of questionnaire was then compared to the corresponding heart rates. Results demonstrated that heart rates of participants who looked at the street view (more enclosed) were lower than those when looking in corner view (less enclosed). CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Mobile devices; Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods; Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing.

This paper presents a proof of concept of an accessibility evaluation tool, EmpathicEditor4Accessibility. The tool was built upon Semiotic Engineering (SemEng) principles and following a User Centered Design method. SemEng provides tools to analyze interactive systems’ communicability, and offers a new perspective on how designers can match the user’s mental model in their messages. User Centered Design method helps designing system more fit to users’ needs. The tool’s target users were prosumers, and the goal of the system was to communicate to them how to create web content with a strong awareness of the needs, preferences and difficulties of several user profiles such as blind people, people with a hearing impairment, people with cognitive disabilities, people with motor disabilities... The resulting tool, tries to facilitate empathy with accessibility problems, to foster the creation of accessible content and improving the accessibility user experience. The communication design and the empathy built into the system makes the tool suitable for non- technical audiences with no previous knowledge on web development.
CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing (HCI) • Accessibility systems and tools • Accessibility design and evaluation methods

Intangible Cultural Heritage is at a continuous risk of extinction. Where historical artefacts engine the machinery of intercontinental mass-tourism, socio-technical changes are reshaping the anthropomorphic landscapes everywhere on the globe, at an unprecedented rate. There is an increasing urge to tap into the hidden semantics and the anecdotes surrounding people, memories and places. The vast cultural knowledge made of testimony, oral history and traditions constitutes a rich cultural ontology tying together human beings, times, and situations. Altogether, these complex, multidimensional features make the task of data-mapping of intangible cultural heritage a problem of sustainability and preservation. This paper addresses a suggested route for conceiving, designing and appraising a digital framework intended to support the conservation of the intangible experience, from a user and a collective-centred perspective. The framework is designed to help capture the intangible cultural value of all places exhibiting cultural-historical significance, supported by an extensive analysis of the literature. We present a set of design recommendations for designing mobile apps that are intended to converge crowdsourcing to Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Collaborative systems evaluation is always necessary to determine the impact a solution will have on the individuals, groups, and the organization. Several methods of evaluation have been proposed. These methods comprise a variety of approaches with various goals. Thus, the need for a strategy to select the most appropriate method for a specific case is clear. This research work presents a detailed framework to evaluate collaborative systems according to given variables and performance levels. The proposal assumes that evaluation is an evolving process during the system lifecycle. Therefore, the framework, illustrated with two examples, is complemented with a collection of guidelines to evaluate collaborative systems according to product development status.

Many healthcare technology projects fail due to the lack of consideration of human issues, such as workflow, organizational change, and usability, during the design and implementation stages of a projectÕs development process. Even when human issues are considered, the consideration is typically on designing better user interfaces. We argue that human-centered computing goes beyond a better user interface: it should include considerations of users, functions and tasks that are fundamental to human-centered computing. From this perspective, we integrated a previously developed human-centered methodology with a Project Design Lifecycle, and we applied this integration in the design of a complex distributed knowledge management system for the Biomedical Engineer (BME) domain in the Mission Control Center at NASA Johnson Space Center. We analyzed this complex system, identified its problems, generated systems requirements, and provided specifications of a replacement prototype for effective organizational memory and knowledge management. We demonstrated the value provided by our human-centered approach and described the unique properties, structures, and processes discovered using this methodology and how they contributed in the design of the prototype.

During the COVID 19 pandemic, cultural institutions were severely affected. To this end, they made an effort to enhance their online presence and online activity became the main way of approaching the public. Although the social aspects of a physical visit are well acknowledged and valued today, they nevertheless seemed to be largely neglected in the virtual museum world. In this position paper, we discuss current practices during the pandemic period and also explore challenges for the after-COVID era.

ICT support for transnational social movements and civil society organizations is an important field of research: not only due to the increased political importance of this sector in a globalizing world but also due to their organizational characteristics. Transnational social movement organizations are typically characterized by a lack of resources, an absence of formal hierarchical structures, and differences in languages and culture among the activists. In order to design appropriate technological support for social activists' communities, it is important to understand their work practices which widely differ from traditional business organizations. This paper investigates into the organizational practices of the European Social Forum, in particular its 2008 meeting in Malmo, Sweden. We describe organizational practices in preparing and conducting the event. Since the goal of our research is directed towards enhancing the capabilities of social movements by means of ICT, we focus particularly on the usage of ICT.

Human-Centered Computing (HCC) is a set of methodologies that apply to any field that uses computers, in any form, in applications in which humans directly interact with devices or systems that use computer technologies. In this paper, we give an overview of HCC from a Multimedia perspective. We describe what we consider to be the three main areas of Human-Centered Multimedia (HCM): media production, analysis, and interaction. In addition, we identify the core characteristics of HCM, describe example applications, and propose a research agenda for HCM.

Numerous efforts seek to increase awareness, interest, and participation in scientific and technological fields at the precollege level. Studies have shown these students are at a critical age where exposure to engineering and other related fields such as science, mathematics, and technology greatly impact their career goals. A variety of advanced learning technologies have emerged to enhance learning, promote hands-on experiences, and increase interest in engineering. However, creating and sustaining technology-infused learning environments at the precollege level is a challenging task, as many schools have limited resources and expertise. Moreover, while numerous technology solutions are available to support ambitious engineering-learning goals, choosing the right technology to align to program goals and resources may be a daunting task. In this work, we fill the gap between the applicability of educational implements and suitable teaching methods for precollege engineering. We present an overview of available hardwareand software-based technologies, and characterize these technologies based on criteria such as median price, the type of learning activities fostered, and the required users' expertise levels. In addition, we outline how these technologies align with deductive and inductive teaching methods that emphasize direct-instruction, inquiry-, problem-, and project-based methods, as studies have shown these methods are effective for precollege engineering education.

This workshop continues the dialog on exploring the challenges in applying, extending, and inventing appropriate methods and contributions of Humancentered Computing (HCC) to International economic and community development, borne out of tremendously successful HCI4D workshops at CHI 2007 and 2008. The workshop aims at 1) providing a platform to discuss interaction design practices that allow for meaningful embedding of interactive systems in the cultural, infrastructural, and political settings where they will be used 2) addressing interaction design issues in developing regions, as well as areas in the developed world marginalized by poverty or other barriers. We hope to continue to extend the boundaries of the field of Human-centered Computing (HCC) by spurring on more discussion on how existing methods and practices can be adapted/ modified, and how new practices be developed, to combat the unique challenges posed by this context.

Digital Ecosystems (DEST) have emerged with the purpose of enhancing the communications among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the worldwide Business Ecosystem. However, because of the diversity and heterogeneity of the services in the DEST environment, existing commercial products or research outputs cannot be directly applied to this field so as to fulfill the requirements of SMEs. Humancentered computing has been applied to many areas, such as social classification, community-based ontology evolution, and more importantly, human-centered systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for a human-centered semantic service platform, in order to address the issue in the DEST environment. This framework incorporates the features of human-centered metadata publishing, maintenance and clustering, community-based ontology revolution and human-centered service retrieval, evaluation and ranking. To thoroughly validate the framework, we implement a prototype in the transport service domain, and conduct a series of evaluation experiments on the basis of this prototype.

The use of Information Technology applications in almost all the sections of the society became one of the common practices in the society. Education, health, government, business, commerce, environment, and other areas, IT and Computing are plays a leading role. The Information Technology is also changing its shape and expanding its components every day. The latest in the list are Cloud Computing, Green Computing, Human Computer Interaction, Big-Data, Analytical Tools, and parallel computing. In the Government sectors, these technologies have valuable contribution and the magnitude of such contribution is increasing day by day. In the MGNREGA project, India, huge amount of information and computers are used and here these emerging technologies may be applied based on requirement and need. This paper discusses the potential applications of Cloud Computing, Big Data. Human Computer Interaction and Parallel Processing to improve the magnitude and speed of information processing in this rural employment project, which is officially termed as MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005).

Human-centered computing studies the design, development, and deployment of mixed-initiative human-computer systems. HCC is emerging from the convergence of multiple disciplines that are concerned both with understanding human beings and with the design of computational artifacts.

Network operations centers are notoriously difficult places to conduct human-centered research. The intense pace and sensitive information environment creates a number of hurdles for researchers. This paper shares the experiences from human-centered research of a government network operations center. The lessons learned from conducting interviews, field observations, and a card sorting study offer guidance to those who may study network operations centers in the future.

During the COVID 19 pandemic, cultural institutions were severely affected To this end, they made an effort to enhance their online presence and online activity became the main way of approaching the public Although the social aspects of a physical visit are well acknowledged and valued today, they nevertheless seemed to be largely neglected in the virtual museum world In this position paper, we discuss current practices during the pandemic period and also explore challenges for the after-COVID era © Copyright 2020 for this paper by its authors Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4 0 International (CC BY 4 0)

actions as a language in each space, we can formulate many interesting problems as translation problems, such as • video annotation to create descriptions of activity, • natural-language-driven character animation, • training robots by imitation using video, and • controlling robots with natural language.

El trabajo colaborativo es una estrategia que puede
aplicarse en diferentes dominios de la actividad
humana como e-health, e-bussines, e-learning, egoverment,
e-science e e-research. Actualmente en
educación a distancia utilizando medios digitales (elearning)
se esta aplicando como estrategia de
aprendizaje, ligada frecuentemente a la teoría
contructivista de aprendizaje. Aunque puede
aplicarse sin el uso de medios digitales, estos se
adaptan a las circunstancias actuales en las que los
institutos educativos tienden al uso sistemático de
estos dispositivos como herramientas de enseñanzaaprendizaje.
Existen diversas herramientas
colaborativas para este propósito, sin embargo en
este trabajo nos proponemos aplicar las estrategias
colaborativa de aprendizaje utilizando medios
digitales y herramientas de interacción
independientes, es decir, los estudiantes y docentes
escogieron las herramientas y los medios digitales.
Este trabajo describe una experiencia de trabajo
colaborativo de aprendizaje en el contexto
académico y contrasta los resultados con el nivel de
conocimientos que poseían los estudiantes antes de
aplicarlo. Se concluye que la experiencia fue
productiva y estimulante para el desarrollo de
futuros trabajos y herramientas que puedan apoyar
esta actividad.

Advancements in wearable biosensor technologies in recent years enable us to witness an unprecedented boom, as interest in fitness health data grow exponentially. Learning about one's metrics and sharing of this data in various platforms has arguably become a demand and practice for daily life. This research aims to discover potential applications of wearable technology and fitness health data by taking on the existing ubiquitous computing hardware and software technologies on wearable biosensors and push them further to a new level by proposing a methodology and visualization for users response to their surroundings, and how this application could become a critical feedback mechanism for individual users as well as planners, decision makers and designers for our built environment. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Mobile devices; Ubiquitous and mobile computing design and evaluation methods; Empirical studies in ubiquitous and mobile computing.

As the IoT is taking hold in the home, in healthcare, factories, and industry, new challenges and approaches arise for HCI research and design. For example, HCI is exploring agency delegation and automation to support the user in managing the deluge of IoT data, make decisions, or even take actions on behalf of the user, while economic models are being proposed to drive sharing economy services. This creates new problems including how to design appropriate solutions for uncertain and dynamic human behaviour, how to ensure resources are distributed fairly, and how to ensure that the user can understand system actions and ultimately remains in control. These issues are becoming more pertinent as the IoT diversifies into safety-critical domains such as manufacturing and healthcare. This one-day workshop intends to bring together the CHI community to explore the interactional, socio-cultural, ethical, and practical challenges and approaches that these new domains raise for the IoT. With this, we want to consider how such approaches could be integrated to achieve more sustainable, inclusive, or effective interactions.

This paper contributes to the development of a multimodal, musical tool that extends the natural action range of the human body to communicate expressiveness into the virtual music domain. The core of this musical tool consists of a low cost, highly functional computational model developed upon the Max/MSP platform that (1) captures real-time movement of the human body into a 3D coordinate system on the basis of the orientation output of any type of inertial sensor system that is OSC-compatible, (2) extract low-level movement features that specify the amount of contraction/expansion as a measure of how a subject uses the surrounding space, (3) recognizes these movement features as being expressive gestures, and (4) creates a mapping trajectory between these expressive gestures and the sound synthesis process of adding harmonic related voices on an in origin monophonic voice. The concern for a user-oriented and intuitive mapping strategy was thereby of central importance. This was achieved by conducting an empirical experiment based on theoretical concepts from the embodied music cognition paradigm. Based on empirical evidence, this paper proposes a mapping trajectory that facilitates the interaction between a musician and his instrument, the artistic collaboration between (multimedia) artists and the communication of expressiveness in a social, musical context.

Mock, P., M. Tibus, A. C. Ehlis, R. H. Baayen, and P. Gerjets This paper presents a novel approach for automatic prediction of risk of ADHD in schoolchildren based on touch interaction data. We performed a study with 129 fourth-grade students solving math problems on a multiple-choice interface to obtain a large dataset of touch trajectories. Using Support Vector Machines, we analyzed the predictive power of such data for ADHD scales. For regression of overall ADHD scores, we achieve a mean squared error of 0.0962 on a four-point scale (R 2 = 0.5667). Classification accuracy for increased ADHD risk (upper vs. lower third of collected scores) is 91.1%.