Historiography Greek Classical period

This book is a study of the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia. This historiographical work was written in Greece in the IV century B.C. and it is preserved in three different fragments of papyri. The subject of the work is Greek history in the late V century and the early IV century B.C. It was composed as a continuation of the Thucydides’ History and as a parallel version to the Xenophon’ Hellenica. From the historical and historiographical point of view, the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia became more reliable and the source of a historical tradition, for that period of time, different from the one of Xenophon.
After a short introduction, this work is divided into three sections. The first one is the edition of the original Greek text with a translation into Spanish. The second section is a status quaestionis, a study of three essential aspects: the account of papyri that belong to the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, its authorship and the chronology; this chronological chapter focuses the time when the papyri were written, the age when the work was composed and the years when the historical events took place. The third section is a historical commentary; in the case of the Cairo Fragments it is the first commentary; in the case of the London and Florence Fragments it is a review and an updating of the I.A.F. Bruce’s commentary, written in 1967. In the historical commentary they are included both political and military aspects, together with topographical, demographical, social and economical questions.
The study is completed with a critical bibliography where the most interesting books and articles on the subject are reviewed, with a general bibliography and some indexes.

Ao longo do tempo, a Grécia/Hélade 2 nos foi apresentada como um local mágico e fantástico, devido as suas histórias sobre deuses, monstros e heróis. Parece que este territóriotão vasto, diga-se de passagemfoi apenas o palco de embates entre seres e guerreiros magníficos que, para nós ocidentais do século XXI, poderiam ser considerados como elementos lendários de uma cultura 3 . Ledo engano. A Hélade e suas narrativas, além de majestosas e incomparáveis, nos fornecem indícios sobre o modo de vida de homens simples que lutavam por sua existência em meio a um ambiente hostil, e pensar a "Grécia" como um local de contos e mitos seria minimizar o seu valor sócio-político-cultural na vida dos povos do Ocidente. Imersos em uma perspectiva de análise mais ampla, objetivamos investigar a maneira como duas das póleis 4 helênicas de acentuado poder e com áreas de influência no Mar Mediterrâneoentre os séculos VI e IV a.C.se enfrentaram (Atenas e Esparta), resultando na modificação das práticas sócio-culturais dos indivíduos de então.

The siege of the Boeotian city-state of Plataiai during the Peloponnesian War at the end of the 5th Century BC precipitated the evacuation of an entire population to exile. The Plataeans found refuge in Athens, and it was the latter city’s lot, a polis with a strong tradition of rigid social structures and exclusivity of its own citizens, to accept and integrate the Plataean refugees.

In regard to this topic, this paper focuses on three separate aspects:
Firstly, it examines the legal status enjoyed by the Plataeans in their exile, particularly the status of citizenship granted them by their Athenian hosts, the details of which are as yet somewhat sketchy. What impact the grant of citizenship had on the everyday lives of the Plataeans, their degree of integration and marginalization, and whether this citizenship really was, in practice, on par with full Athenian citizenship remains unclear and needs to be examined.
Secondly, the paper intends to draw conclusions on the construction and maintenance of a distinct Platean ethnic identity within Athenian society. Integrative measures as well as the very specific legal status enjoyed by the Plataeans appear to have contributed strongly to the nurturing of a distinct and possibly hybrid identity, thereby becoming, in the words of Herakleides Kritikos, “Athenian Boeotians”.
Thirdly, the paper examines the portrayal of the Plataeans as victims of war and refugees in need of help in Athenian sources, as well as the instrumentalization of this very image by the Athenians for political reasons. Displacement and flight of entire communities of people is but one of the many seemingly timeless faces of war, and is a topic that has received only limited attention from scholars studying the ancient world. The portrayal of the Plataeans as war refugees in Athenian sources can give us a glimpse into the way various aspects of war were perceived, abstracted and judged in ancient Athenian society, thereby allowing us to add a further dimension to the ancient portrayal of war

Nonostante Tucidide sia ancora oggi uno degli autori antichi più popolari, l'analisi delle sue opere dal punto di vista critico-testuale non appartiene ai campi di ricerca in voga. 1 Non si discute sul fatto che, a meno che non vengano alla luce nuovi manoscritti, non possiamo contare su nuove letture che potrebbero capovolgere le tradizioni o cambiare completamente il testo. 2 Tuttavia possiamo immaginare, in tanti casi, delle piccole precisazioni che possono contribuire ad una comprensione più completa dell'opera. Si desidera quindi procedere, qui di seguito, ad un'analisi più dettagliata di una parte del testo. * Il presente studio è stato realizzato grazie al sostegno della borsa di studio OTKA codice PD 104876 e della borsa di studio Bolyai. Vorrei esprimere inoltre la mia gratitudine per l'aiuto indispensabile al redattore del presente volume, Ágnes Ludmann.

Recensione a Eduardo Federico (ed.), Ione di Chio: Testimonianze e frammenti. Testo critico di Francesco Valerio (I Frammenti degli storici greci, 8), Tivoli,  Edizioni Tored, 2015; in «Bryn Mawr Classical Review» 2017.02.20. La recensione è reperibile sul sito della medesima rivista (http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2017/2017-02-20.html).

In the fourth century BC the balance of power between Greek cities and the Persian empire is in favour of the empire, since it succeeds in securing dominance over the cities of Asia, while making the cities of Europe harmless and respectful, whereas it maintains or restores its hold and prosperity in its different parts. The empire has long been depicted as weakened and as an easy prey for Alexander on the basis of questionable evidence. The assumptions of such an interpretation are deeply rooted, because they go back to clichés in Greek literature which have been selected, amplified and successively exploited by Alexander’s propaganda, historians of his conquests, and modern interpreters with orientalist prejudices.
Les rapports de force entre cités grecques et empire perse sont au IVe siècle av. J.-C. à l’avantage de l’empire qui réussit à s’assurer la domination des cités d’Asie et l’innocuité et le respect des cités d’Europe, tout en maintenant ou rétablissant son emprise et sa prospérité en ses diverses parties. On a pourtant longtemps dépeint l’empire comme affaibli et comme une proie facile pour Alexandre, sur la base d’indices contestables. Les présupposés d’une telle interprétation sont profondément enracinés, car ils remontent à des clichés de la littérature grecque qui ont été sélectionnés, amplifiés et successivement exploités par la propagande d’Alexandre, les historiens de ses conquêtes et des interprètes modernes nourris de préjugés orientalistes.

En razón de la importancia actual de la obra filosófica y erudita de Theokharis Kharlampievich Kessidi, autor de un importante estudio sobre Heráclito (a) que en breve va a ser editado en esta  Biblioteca Heraclítea, y que todavía es desconocido en nuestros países de habla hispánica y, por otra parte, también poco conocido en el resto de los países occidentales, salvo quizá Grecia, nos ha parecido muy oportuno traducir y publicar con anotaciones el breve pero muy importante trabajo Théocharis Kessidis y su fórmula de la antigüedad de Gennadiy Vladimirovich Drach, doctor en filosofía, catedrático y estudioso ruso contemporánea que fue asimismo uno de los principales discípulos de Kessidi y el permanente difusor de su legado. El trabajo fue leído, como parte del especial homenaje a Kessidi en el Octavo Congreso Filosófico Ruso realizado en ese pais en 2020. Las numerosas anotaciones agregadas a pie de página por nosotros solo se justifican por el actual nivel de desconocimiento de los filósofos rusos y de sus actividades y obras que prácticamente carecen de la necesaria difusión en nuestro actual mundo occidental y, por otra parte, solo tienen una mera intención informativa que, en modo alguno, altera el muy valioso, preciso e ilustrado informe de Gennadiy Vladimirovich Drach. Las breves notas están identificadas como notas del traductor a partir de las referencias del autor. El autor ha revisado y autorizado expresamente esta versión castellana al igual que su publicación en la Biblioteca Heraclítea; y, en este sentido, agradezco su gentil generosidad y su especial apoyo al conocimiento de Kessdi en nuestro ámbito cultural.
Joaquin E. Meabe
Corrientes,  1° de agosto de 2021